JP5761719B2 - 整形外科用副子固定システム - Google Patents
整形外科用副子固定システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5761719B2 JP5761719B2 JP2011553481A JP2011553481A JP5761719B2 JP 5761719 B2 JP5761719 B2 JP 5761719B2 JP 2011553481 A JP2011553481 A JP 2011553481A JP 2011553481 A JP2011553481 A JP 2011553481A JP 5761719 B2 JP5761719 B2 JP 5761719B2
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Description
− 生物分解可能ポリマーとそれらの混合物とから成るグループから選択されるポリマーから形成される第1成分の10〜100重量部、好ましくは、50〜100重量部と、
− 板状の木材粒子として存在する補強材から形成される第2成分の1〜100重量部、好ましくは、10〜50重量部とを混合する。
- 前記複合材の密度は、前記ポリマー成分(例えば、エプシロン-カプロラクトンホモポリマー)自体の密度よりも少なくとも5%低い、
- 前記複合材の3点屈曲テストでの比ヤング係数は、前記ポリマー成分(例えば、エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマー)自体のそれよりも少なくとも10%高い、そして
− 熱伝導性は、最大で約0.5W/mKである。
前記複合材ギプス/副子は非常にユーザフレンドリーである。揮発性化学物質からの不快なにおいは無く、その反対に、原木、例えばトウヒやアスペンの穏やかなにおいがするだけである。又、前記ギプス材料の外観も信頼性が高い。前記ポリマー材料は目には見えず、その全体の外観は小さな木材粒子を基調とする。
1)テスト標本の温度が〜65℃の開始温度から38℃へ5分間で低下する急速冷却段階。
2)テスト標本の温度が5分間38℃に留まる定常状態段階。
3)テスト標本の温度が50分間で周囲の均衡温度にゆっくりと近づく遅速冷却段階。
本発明の前記複合材は、ブランク材又は、所望の特定の形状又は形態で製造される。理想的には、前記ブランク材又は形態は、直線的な、二次元形状で容易に積み重ね可能なものである。前記ブランク材は、ここでは、患者として言及される動物又は人間に使用されることを意図するサイズよりも遥かに大きなサイズであるか、若しくは、それらに類似のサイズのものとすることができる。
物理的特性に対する前記補強成分の影響を、3点曲げテストで調べた。複合材の曲げ強度及び係数を、汎用テスト装置Instron4411によって測定した。補強材をなんら含まない純粋なPCLを対照として使用した。
物理テストのために例1において作成されたサンプルの密度を、規則的サイズのサンプルの寸法を測定しそれらを重みづけすることによって測定した。前記複合材の密度を図3においてグラフ表示している。これから明らかなように、本発明の複合材は、ポリカプロラクトン自体よりもはるかに小さな密度を有し、従って軽量の副子固定用途用に適している。
例3において作成した複合材を、指を支持するための副子ギプス(「指副子」)を作るのに適したプレートに加工した。
この例は、図5に図示した一般的形状を有する再成形可能な手首ギプス11の製造を記載するものである。
〔例5〕
この例は、解剖学的足首ギプスの作成とその利用とを例示するものである。
この例は、剥離粘着テスト方法によるテストが前記複合材副子の表面(材料と構造)に対する或るテープ/包帯の相対的接合強度をどのように示すかを例示するものである。溶融されているWPC材料は、圧力感応粘着材と見なすことができる。このテストにおいて、ガーゼ包帯を、溶融複合材のスチールスラブ面で30秒間プレスし、その後、RT(室温)にまで冷却させた。複合材の硬化後、ガーゼをInstron機械式テスト装置を使用して、基材から一定の剥離速度で180°で剥離する。測定は、改造標準式SFS−EN1939 (Standard Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape)に従って行った。
ある量の材料を、ホイル容器ビーカー(予想される針入を超える少なくとも15mmの深さ)内において65℃の作業温度へ軟化させる。前記ビーカーを、針入装置(図9)「取り除き」のスタンドに載置し、ニードルをサンプルの表面と接触するように調節する。ダイアル読み取りをゼロに調節し、ニードルを正確に5秒間開放する。ダイアル読み取り値を記録する。この手順を三回反復する。
表面温度テストは、オーブン内でのテスト標本の加熱処置が終わった後での複合材表面温度の基本的情報を明らかにする。実際の塗付状況における複合材プレートの冷却プロセスをシミュレートするために、テスト標本を65℃まで加熱し、太腿の皮膚上に直接載置し、均衡温度にまで到達させた。プレートの冷却は、IR温度計ピストルで追跡した。加熱したテスト標本を環境温度(22℃)でオフィステーブル上に置かれた低熱伝導性を有する材料(Astro Turf(登録商標)カーペット)上に載置し、均衡温度に到達させることによって類似のテストを行った。
1)テスト標本の温度が〜65℃の開始温度から38℃へ5分間で低下する急速冷却段階。
2)テスト標本の温度が5分間38℃に留まる定常状態段階。
3)テスト標本の温度が50分間で周囲の均衡温度にゆっくりと近づく遅速冷却段階。
自己支持/全硬化テストは、前記複合材テスト標本を65℃から均衡温度にまで冷却する間の柔軟性の変化の情報を明らかにする。テスト標本の柔軟性を、サンプルの片側を持ち上げそれが落ち着くのを許すことによって手作業でテストした。サンプルプレートの定着がもはや完全でなくなった時、柔軟性は失われた。このレベルに到達する時間をマークした。この時点後、複合材の成形性は限定されることになる。自己支持テストは、前記表面温度テストにおいて提示した二つの異なる温度環境(皮膚と周囲)で行われる。分離されたテスト設定(カーペット)においては、柔軟性は5分間後に失われる。この時点後、前記テスト標本は5分間部分的に柔軟な状態に留まり、その後、1時間で最終的に硬化する。前記皮膚テスト設定(太腿)においては、柔軟性は3分間後に失われた。この時点後、前記テスト標本は5分間部分的に柔軟な状態に留まり、その後、30分で最終的に硬化する。15分間の冷却後、前記複合材副子は、その最大値の80−90%の適度の荷重支持能力を得た。この時点において、前記複合材副子の形状に対する変更を行うことはできない。
ポリマーの体積変化の分析を例1で利用した熱可塑性ポリマーについて行った。熱膨張曲線(図12)から判るように、ポリマーの過冷却効果が40℃に下がった加熱副子固定システムの望ましい成形性をもたらすものである。ポリマーを再び65℃まで加熱するだけで、ポリマーの再形成が回復する。
Claims (16)
- 幅10〜500mm、長さ10〜1000mm、厚み1.5〜10mmの矩形プレート形状の整形外科副子用のブランク材であって、
80,000〜200,000g/molの数平均分子量を有するポリカプロラクトンホモポリマー又は80,000〜200,000g/molの数平均分子量を有するポリカプロラクトンホモポリマーと他の生物分解性熱可塑性ポリマーとの混合物を30〜90重量部、および、0.6mm以上3.0mm以下の平均粒径を有する木材顆粒を70〜10重量部、含み、
前記木材顆粒が前記ポリカプロラクトンホモポリマー中全体に分布され、複合材料が50〜70℃の温度で成形可能であり、環境温度で硬質であることを特徴とするブランク材。 - 幅、長さ及び厚みを有するリニア構造の形状の整形外科副子用のブランク材であって、ポリマーによって形成される第1成分と強化材によって形成される第2成分とを有する複合材料を含み、
前記第1成分は、80,000〜200,000g/molの数平均分子量を有するポリカプロラクトンホモポリマーおよび80,000〜200,000g/molの数平均分子量を有するポリカプロラクトンホモポリマーと他の生物分解性熱可塑性ポリマーとの混合物のグループから選択される熱可塑性ポリマーを含み、
前記第2成分は、板状又は顆粒状木材粒子由来の木材材料を含み、その原料は、落葉性及び針葉樹樹木種の木材粒子、チップ又は顆粒を含み、0.6mm以上で3.0mmまでのスクリーンサイズを有し、
前記複合材料は50〜120℃の温度で成形可能であるブランク材。 - 前記リニア構造は、プレート、シート、リボン又はテープの形状を有し、前記板状木材粒子は、前記リニア構造の長さに沿った軸心に沿って配向され、前記リニア構造は、1〜50mmの厚みを有する矩形プレートの形状を有する請求項2に記載のブランク材。
- 5〜99重量部の熱可塑性ポリマー成分、および、1〜95重量部の前記木材材料を有し、当該木材材料の重量はこの木材材料の乾燥重量に基づいて計算され、前記第1成分は前記複合材料のマトリクスを形成し、前記第2成分の微小構造は不連続である請求項2または3に記載のブランク材。
- 前記混合物は、前記エプシロンカプロラクトンホモポリマーが5〜99重量%であり、前記生物分解性熱可塑性ポリマーが1〜95重量%である請求項2〜4の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 前記複合材料の密度は、前記エプシロンカプロラクトンホモポリマーの密度よりも少なくとも5%低い請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 前記複合材料の3点曲げ力は、前記エプシロンカプロラクトンホモポリマーの自体のそれよりも少なくとも5%良好であり、
前記複合材料の3点曲げテストにおけるヤング係数は、前記エプシロンカプロラクトンホモポリマーのそれよりも少なくとも10%高い請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。 - 前記板状木材粒子は、少なくとも0.5mmの平均サイズ(最小寸法の)を有し、
前記個々の木材粒子は、1mm以上の少なくとも二つの寸法と、0.1以上の一つの寸法を有し、前記木材粒子は少なくとも1mm3の平均体積を有する請求項2〜7の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。 - 更に、強化成分として、粒子状材料、繊維状材料又はそれらの組み合わせを含み、この成分は第2成分の重量の約1〜15%を形成する請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 当該ブランク材を50〜70℃の範囲の温度に加熱し、その後、この材料を冷却することによって指副子、手首ギプス又は足首、肘、肩、膝ギプスの形状に形成可能である請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 織布、不織布、パッド、すね当て等の整形外科又は保護用パッドを形成するパウチ及びファスナと組み合わせることが可能である請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 前記複合材料は、50℃以下の温度においては硬質である請求項2〜11の何れか一項に記載のブランク材。
- 請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載のブランク材を用いて複合材料を哺乳動物(人間を除く)の身体の一部にぴったりとフィットさせる非治療的方法であって、
前記ブランク材を50〜70℃の範囲の温度まで加熱してこの材料を手によって成形可能な状態に変換する工程、
前記ブランク材を前記身体の標的部分にこの材料がその標的部分の形状になるように当てる工程、
前記ブランク材を45℃以下の温度にまで冷却してこの材料をリジッドにする工程、を含む方法。 - 前記ブランク材は、加熱前にある形状にカットされる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記ブランク材は、低温ブランケット、低温スプレー、又は緩いエアブースト、或いは前記ブランク材の表面からの熱伝導を高めるその他の方法、の補助によって能動的に冷却される請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載のブランク材を用いて動物の身体の一部上に取り外し可能な骨格外装置を形成する非治療的方法であって、
前記複合材料を所望のリニア形状に成形する工程、
前記リニア成形された複合材料を加熱装置においてこの複合材料を軟化させるのに十分高いものでありながら、前記動物の皮膚に対して害とならない温度にまで加熱する工程、
前記軟化した複合材料を前記動物の身体の所望部分の上に、この材料が所望の三次元的輪郭の骨格外形状に適合するように配置する工程、
前記輪郭に形成された骨格外複合材料を、それが加熱前のリニア形状複合材料と同じ剛性を回復するように環境温度近くの温度にまで冷却する工程、を含む方法。
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FI125448B (fi) | 2009-03-11 | 2015-10-15 | Onbone Oy | Uudet materiaalit |
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