BR102013029084B1 - Processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso - Google Patents
Processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso Download PDFInfo
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- vegetable material
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Abstract
processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso. que objetiva, fundamentalmente, conferir ao produto final obtido uma maior resistência mecânica contra agentes degradadores naturais, tais como intempéries e infestações, e, para isso, propõe alterações em suas etapas processuais e fabris, com vistas a proporcionar, essencialmente, o aumento da sua densidade do produto final obtido, tornando-o mais compactado, mantendo inalteradas suas propriedades organolépticas.
Description
[0001] Relatório descritivo de Patente de Invenção de processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, para a fabricação de peças de matriz polimérica termoplástica com adição de material vegetal fibroso de origem diversa, mais especificamente de material vegetal fibroso refugado.
[0002] Já se conhece do estado atual da técnica processos para obtençãode compósitos a base de fibras vegetais, voltado para aplicação na indústria de madeira plástica (WCC - Wood Plastic Composites), que são produzidos pela incorporação de fibras vegetais, como cargas de reforço, em resinas termoplásticas, dentre as quais, a mais utilizada tem sido a casca de arroz, que, além de aumentar as propriedades mecânicas dos produtos, confere a estes características de impermeabilidade e de resistência ao ataque de raios UV, e de pragas como, por exemplo, os cupins, propiciando ainda, aliado à sua retirada dos ecossistemas da natureza, um novo conceito na produção de manufaturados com alto valor agregado.
[0003] No documento de Patente BRPI0701495-3 é descrito um processo de fabricação de material composto de casca de arroz misturada com polímero fusível, agregando, à mistura, as propriedades do polímero empregado, que, além de contribuir na eliminação de resíduos tóxicos, permite a substituição de materiais mais nobres por outros de menor custo, sendo proposta uma mistura que pode variar entre 50% a 70% de polímero e 30% a 50% de casca de arroz.
[0004] O documento de Patente BRPI0810757-2 prevê a utilização da cinza da casca do arroz em polímeros, por processo de extrusão, na produção de peças termo-moldadas por injeção, em substituição, parcial ou total, das cargas minerais usuais, prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, sendo que a cinza da casca do arroz empregada é proveniente da sua queima em termoelétricas, cuja composição, com até 95% de dióxido de silício, mantem inalteradas as características do resíduo plástico empregado na mistura do produto final.
[0005] O processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, ora propostos, objetiva, fundamentalmente, conferir ao produto final maior resistência mecânica contra agentes degradadores naturais, tais como intempéries e infestações, e, para isso, propõe alterações processuais que propiciam, essencialmente, o aumento da sua densidade, tornando-o mais compacto, mantendo a integridade das suas propriedades organolépticas.
[0006] A Figura 1 exemplifica um equipamento para extrusão de um composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso de acordo com a presente invenção.
[0007] O processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, ora proposto, é definido a partir de uma etapa de trituração do material vegetal fibroso, para obtenção de partículas de, no mínimo, 6 mm, sendo, posteriormente, desumidificadas, por meio do aquecimento do ar e da exaustão da umidade, à temperatura de até 90°C, por até 8 horas, até apresentar, no máximo, 3% de umidade, sendo transportada, com isolação térmica para que não haja contato com o ar externo, até a fase de mistura, onde é misturada ao plástico e aos aditivos acoplantes, deslizantes e corantes, por centrifugação, à temperatura de até 100°C, por período de 15 minutos, passando à fase de compostagem, que utiliza desumidificador aquecido por resistências e exaustores com filtros, para retirar a umidade, sendo a mistura e a homogeneização feita por meio de um misturador, que integra o plástico à fibra.
[0008] O composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, ora proposto, possui sua composição formada a partir de: 20% a 70% de fibras por partes em kg; 30% a 80% de plástico por partes em kg; 2% de aditivo acoplante por partes em kg; 1% de aditivo deslizante por partes em kg; 2% de aditivo anti-UV por partes em kg, e 2% de aditivo corante por partes em kg.
[0009] O equipamento (1) para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, ora proposto, como ilustrado, esquematicamente, na figura 1, é dotado de rosca compactadora (2), que possui sete zonas de aquecimento, tendo na primeira zona (Z1) temperatura variando entre 70°C e 90°C; na segunda zona (Z2) temperatura variando entre 90°C e 110°C, na terceira zona (Z3) temperatura variando entre 110°C e 130°C, na quarta (Z4), quinta (Z5) e sexta (Z6) zonas temperatura variando entre 130°C e 170°C, e na sétima zona (Z7) temperatura variando entre 180°C e 220°C, obtendo, em fase das diferenças de consistências e, consequentemente, de velocidade de deslocamento do material em cada zona, a compactação do material, com a liberação de gazes e umidade, que são retirados, em dois estágios de degasagem, por meio de bomba de vácuo, sendo previsto ainda, na saída (3) da rosca compactadora, três regiões de resfriamento, tendo na primeira região (R1) temperatura variando entre 100°C e 80°C; na segunda região (R2) temperatura variando entre 90°C e 70°C, e na terceira região (R3) temperatura variando entre 70°C e 50°C, sendo que, em seguida, o material fundido é admitido em uma ferramenta (4), na qual o composto é comprimido, para eliminação final dos gases, e moldagem final da massa, em três regiões de resfriamento subsequentes, tendo na quarta região (R4) temperatura variando entre 26°C e 14°C; na quinta região (R5) temperatura variando entre 14°C e 10°C, e na sexta região (R6) temperatura variando entre 10°C e 6°C, proporcionando um retardo no deslocamento do material, para que possa ser alcançada a densidade final desejada para o produto, ao mesmo tempo em que lhe é conferida a sua forma final.
Claims (2)
1. PROCESSO DE OBTENÇÃO DE COMPOSTO PLÁSTICO A BASE DE MATERIAL VEGETAL FIBROSO, compreendendo as etapas de:- triturar o material vegetal fibroso para obter partículas de pelo menos 6 mm;- desumidificar as partículas por meio do aquecimento do ar e da exaustão da umidade em temperaturas de até 90°C, até apresentar 3% de umidade;- transportar as partículas desumidificadas com isolamento térmico para que não haja contato com o ar externo, caracterizado pelo fato da etapa de misturar as partículas desumidificadas com plástico, aditivos acoplantes, aditivos deslizantes e corantes para formar uma mistura ser feita por centrifugação, à temperatura de até 100°C, por período de 15 minutos, e- passar a mistura por uma rosca compactadora (2) para ser fundida por aquecimento em:- uma primeira zona (Z1) com temperatura entre 70 °C e 90 °C;- uma segunda zona (Z2) com temperatura entre 90 °C e 110 °C;- uma terceira zona (Z3) com temperatura entre 110 °C e 130 °C;- uma quarta zona (Z4) com temperatura entre 130 °C e 170 °C;- uma quinta zona (Z5) com temperatura entre 130 °C e 170 °C;- uma sexta zona (Z6) com temperatura entre 130 °C e 170 °C; e- uma sétima zona (Z7) com temperatura entre 180 °C e 220 °C;- liberar os gases e a umidade em dois estágios de degasagem por meio de uma bomba de vácuo prevista na saída (3) da rosca compactadora, e- comprimir o material fundido para liberar gases passando o material fundido por: - uma primeira região (R1) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 100 °C e 80 °C;- uma segunda região (R2) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 90 °C e 70 °C;- uma terceira região (R3) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 70° C e 50 °C;- moldar o material fundido em uma ferramenta (4) passando por:- uma quarta região (R4) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 26 °C e 14 °C;- uma quinta região (R5) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 14 °C e 10 °C, e- uma sexta região (R6) de resfriamento com temperatura entre 10 °C e 6 °C.
2. PROCESSO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato da mistura incluir de 20% a 70% de uma fibra por kg; 30% a 80% de um plástico kg; 2% de um aditivo acoplante por kg; 1% de um aditivo deslizante por kg; 2% de um aditivo anti-UV por kg, e 2% de um aditivo corante por kg.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR102013029084-0A BR102013029084B1 (pt) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso |
| US14/538,091 US9486808B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2014-11-11 | Process of obtaining plastic compound based on fibrous plant material, plastic compound based on fibrous plant material obtained and equipment for extrusion of plastic compound based on fibrous plant material |
| PCT/BR2014/050012 WO2015070308A1 (pt) | 2013-11-12 | 2014-11-12 | Processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso |
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| BR102013029084-0A BR102013029084B1 (pt) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Processo de obtenção de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso, composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso obtido e equipamento para extrusão de composto plástico a base de material vegetal fibroso |
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| US20150133585A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
| BR102013029084A2 (pt) | 2016-08-02 |
| US9486808B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
| WO2015070308A1 (pt) | 2015-05-21 |
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