CN105546230B - 一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105546230B
CN105546230B CN201610074186.4A CN201610074186A CN105546230B CN 105546230 B CN105546230 B CN 105546230B CN 201610074186 A CN201610074186 A CN 201610074186A CN 105546230 B CN105546230 B CN 105546230B
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stalk
bamboo
layer
stem
enhancement layer
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CN105546230A (zh
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叶柃
朱鑫
牛琳
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Zhonglin Xinzhou Bamboo Winding Development Co ltd
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Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo Based Composites Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/109590 priority patent/WO2017133328A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法,该复合管沿管径方向,由内至外依次包括内衬层、增强层和外防护层,所述增强层包括竹纤维增强层和秸秆增强层。所述方法包括以下步骤:利用竹材制备获得竹篾卷;将秸秆的茎部沿茎向切分为茎条,进行脱胶并干燥,将茎条平行排列制备获得秸秆卷;利用织物和胶黏剂制作内衬层;将竹篾卷退卷后缠绕在内衬层上,同时输送胶黏剂,制备获得竹纤维增强层;将秸秆卷退卷缠绕在竹纤维增强层上,同时输送胶黏剂,制备获得秸秆增强层;在秸秆增强层外喷涂一层防腐防水的材料形成外防护层。本发明在复合管中加入了秸秆,可大幅提高生产加工效率,降低生产成本,降低管材自身重量,有利于运输。

Description

一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合管道领域,更具体地,涉及一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前在给农业灌溉、排水及建筑通风行业,普遍采用水泥管、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、玻璃钢管、薄铁管等传统管道。水泥管成本低,但强度低,重量重,管接头易漏;聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯管道质轻、光滑且耐腐蚀,但刚度和强度方面有所不足且原料均为石油化工合成制品;玻璃钢管及玻璃钢夹砂管具有耐腐蚀、强度高、流体阻力小,但产品采用主要原料增强材料为高能耗的玻璃纤维,树脂为石油化工合成制品,产品及废料不可回收、不环保;薄钢管存在耐腐性差,生产过程能耗高、污染高、不环保等缺点。因此使用这类传统管道,消耗着大量的矿产资源、且高能耗高排放、资源不可再生。
CN200920121209.8公开了一种竹纤维缠绕复合管,该复合管沿管径方向,由内到外依次为内衬层、增强层、外防护层,所述增强层为连续的竹纤维带缠绕在内衬层上的竹纤维层,该竹纤维层为竹纤维带环向层、竹纤维带螺旋层或前二者的组合,竹纤维层的层数为二层以上。上述竹复合管符合节能环保、资源可再生等先进理念,且价格低于其它传统管道,质量轻,但在低压力使用领域,特别是农业灌溉、排水、建筑通风等领域价格仍然偏高,质量仍然偏大。
发明内容
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管及其制备方法,其中结合竹纤维及秸秆的特点,相应制备了秸秆竹缠绕复合管,通过对秸秆的合理利用,以实现闲置资源利用,减少生产成本,并通过对复合管制备方法及工艺的研究,可制备节能环保、成本低廉、质量更轻的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,可应用于农业灌溉、给排水及石油化工防腐等领域。
为实现上述目的,按照本发明的一个方面,提出了一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管,沿管径方向,由内至外依次包括内衬层、增强层和外防护层,其特征在于,所述增强层包括竹纤维增强层和秸秆增强层,所述竹纤维增强层由多层竹篾层组成,该竹篾层由竹篾缠绕而成,所述秸秆增强层由多层秸秆层组成,该秸秆层由秸秆茎部缠绕而成。
作为进一步优选的,在所述增强层的任意两层之间还设置有辅助增强层,所述辅助增强层是由树脂和填料混合而成的胶泥层,所述填料为天然植物填料或无机矿物填料。
作为进一步优选的,所述天然植物为竹纤维、木纤维、麻纤维、植物果壳纤维中的一种或几种。
作为进一步优选的,所述无机矿物填料为颗粒状和/或粉状的石粉和/或矿砂。
作为进一步优选的,所述秸秆为麦秸、稻草、玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆中的一种或多种。
作为进一步优选的,所述秸秆增强层设置于所述竹纤维增强层的任意两层竹篾层之间。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制备所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将原竹剖成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将竹篾平行排列,连接成竹帘带,收卷获得竹篾卷;将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥后切割为相同长度;
利用织物和胶黏剂在直管模具上制作防腐防渗的内衬层;
将竹篾卷退卷,退卷后的竹帘带缠绕在所述模具上,缠绕的同时,向所述竹帘带输送胶黏剂,并保证竹帘带上的竹篾被所述胶黏剂完全包覆,然后经固化获得竹纤维增强层;
将网格布缠绕在竹纤维增强层上,在网格布上方输送同向的秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向对秸秆茎部进行缝制,秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕在所述竹纤维增强层上,经固化获得秸秆增强层;
最后在所述秸秆增强层外喷涂一层防腐防水的材料,形成外防护层。
作为进一步优选的,所述秸秆茎部经干燥后的含水率为7%-13%。
作为进一步优选的,所述秸秆的铺设方向与所述网格布的输送方向相同。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制备秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将原竹剖成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将竹篾平行排列,连接成竹帘带,收卷获得竹蔑卷;将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥后切割为相同长度;
利用织物和胶黏剂在直管模具上制作防腐防渗的内衬层;
将竹篾卷退卷,退卷后的竹帘带缠绕在所述内衬层上,缠绕的同时,向所述竹帘带输送胶黏剂,并保证竹帘带上的竹篾被所述胶黏剂完全包覆,然后经固化获得竹纤维增强层;
用树脂和填料混合搅拌成胶泥,将混合好的胶泥均匀的附着在衬布上,将附着有胶泥的衬布包裹在竹纤维增强层上以制成辅助增强层;
将网格布缠绕在辅助增强层上,在网格布上方输送同向的秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向对秸秆茎部进行缝制,缝制后的秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕在所述辅助增强层上,经固化获得秸秆增强层;
最后在所述秸秆增强层外喷涂一层防腐防水的材料,形成外防护层。
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,主要具备以下的技术优点:本发明的秸秆竹缠绕复合管采用多层复合结构,增强层采用环保可再生的竹子和秸秆复合而成,充分利用竹材和秸秆的轴向拉伸强度,利用缠绕的方式使竹材、秸秆处于张紧状态从而达到较高的力学强度,使缠绕成的管道力学强度高。竹子作为一种可快速再生的、环保的资源,具备质轻、高强度、高刚度、耐腐蚀、价格低廉的特点;农作物秸秆,具有资源广泛、生长期短、加工效率高、价格低廉等特点,充分利用了闲置资源,采用上述材料制备复合管,秸秆增强层的加工过程通过随着向模具的输送,同时铺设秸秆,通过压装使不同直径的秸秆无需分拣,直接压制成相同厚度的片状,可大幅提高生产加工效率,进一步降低生产成本,为农业灌溉、排水和建筑通风等领域提供了质优价廉的管道;同时,采用植物秸秆增加管材强度,降低了管材自身的重量,有利于运输。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种具体实施方式的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的结构示意图;
图2是本发明一种具体实施方式的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明一种具体实施方式中的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,沿管径方向,由内至外依次包括内衬层、增强层和外防护层,所述增强层包括竹纤维增强层和秸秆增强层,所述竹纤维增强层由多层竹篾层组成,竹篾层由竹篾缠绕而成,所述秸秆增强层由多层秸秆层组成,秸秆层由秸秆茎部缠绕而成。所述秸秆增强层可以设于内衬层和竹纤维增强层之间,也可以设于竹纤维增强层与外防护层之间,具体顺序本发明不做限制,均在保护范围之内。
本发明由于秸秆具有一定的强度,可以配合竹材作为辅助增强材料,由于秸秆较竹材成本更低,来源更广,容易获得,且能够充分利用闲置资源,因此,秸秆竹缠绕复合管可以在保证产品强度的同时进一步降低成本,提高闲置资源利用率,扩大原材料来源。此外,利用缠绕工艺,可以充分发挥秸秆和竹的轴向拉伸强度。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,在所述增强层的任意两层之间还设置有辅助增强层,该辅助增强层是由树脂和填料混合而成的胶泥层,所述填料为天然植物填料或无机矿物填料。通过设置由天然植物填料或无机矿物填料制成的辅助增强层,可以进一步增大管体的强度和刚度,并且绿色环保。辅助增强层可以设置在某两层竹篾层之间或某两层秸秆层之间,或在竹纤维增强层和秸秆增强层之间,可以设置一层或多层。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,所述天然植物填料为竹纤维、木纤维、麻纤维、植物果壳纤维中的一种或几种。上述纤维填料具有强度高的特点,具体可以设置为片状或粉状,与胶黏剂混合搅拌均匀。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,无机矿物填料可以采用石粉、矿砂等颗粒状或粉状无机矿物质。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,所述秸秆为麦秸、稻草、玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆中的一种或多种。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,所述秸秆增强层设置于所述竹纤维增强层的任意两层竹篾层之间。由于秸秆强度较竹强度低,管体的最内层和最外层主要承受内压和外压,所以优选将强度较低的秸秆增强层设置在某两层竹篾层之间,在承受压力不大的中间提供强度,增大产品使用寿命。其可以设置多层。
本发明的一种具体实施方式中的制备上述秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
竹纤维及秸秆预处理:将原竹剖成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将竹篾平行排列,连接成竹帘带,收卷获得竹蔑卷;将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥后切割为相同长度;
内衬层的制备:利用织物和胶黏剂在直管模具上制作防腐防渗的内衬层;
竹纤维增强层的制备:将竹篾卷退卷,退卷后的竹帘带缠绕在所述模具上,缠绕的同时,向所述竹帘带输送胶黏剂,并保证竹帘带上的竹篾被所述胶黏剂完全包覆,然后经固化获得竹纤维增强层;
秸秆增强层的制备:将网格布缠绕在模具上,在网格布上方设置料斗输出同向的秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后通过压装机将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着通过缝纫机沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向缝制缝纫线,秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕在所述模具上,经固化获得秸秆增强层;
外防护层的制备:最后在秸秆增强层表面喷涂一层防腐防水的材料,形成外防护层。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,所述秸秆的含水率为7%-13%。
在上述具体实施方式的基础上,所述秸秆的铺设方向与所述网格布的输送方向相同。
以下为本发明的具体实施例:
实施例1
本实施例以制作公称直径为200mm、压力等级1.0MPa的秸秆竹缠绕复合管为例,具体说明本发明的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
1)竹纤维及秸秆预处理:
把新鲜的竹材开成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成1m长、1mm厚、5mm宽的竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将10根竹篾平行排列整齐为一排,整排竹篾的背面衬上网格布,用缝纫机进行缝合,形成竹帘,每排竹帘的头尾对接,并利用缝纫机缝合,形成一条长达数米甚至数十米以上的不间断的竹帘带,收卷获得竹蔑卷待用。
选取小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱秸秆中的一种或几种,将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥,获得含水率为10%的秸秆茎部,之后切割为相同长度。
2)内衬层的制备:
在外径为200mm的经抛光的直管模具上包覆一层0.04mm厚的聚酯薄膜,该聚脂薄膜作为脱模层,用胶黏剂、竹纤维无纺布及玻璃纤维针织毡在直管模具的脱模层上制作厚度达1.5mm的内衬层1,该内衬层具有防渗功能,且内壁光滑;内衬层1沿复合管径向由内至外依次为木纤维无纺布及玻璃纤维针织毡,木纤维无纺布作为天然纤维织物层,玻璃纤维针织毡作为增强织物层,木纤维无纺布及玻璃纤维针织毡均浸有胶黏剂,该胶黏剂包括树脂和固化剂,本实施例中树脂选用防腐性能优异的环氧树脂。
3)竹纤维内增强层的制备:
待内衬层固化后,将竹帘带退卷,将其平整地缠绕在直管模具的内衬层1上,竹帘带在缠绕的过程中,需浸润胶黏剂,缠绕一层或一层以上竹帘带,达到设计厚度4mm;缠绕完毕后,对管道加热到80℃固化120分钟,获得竹纤维内增强层21,其中,胶黏剂包括树脂和固化剂,树脂具体为氨基树脂。
4)秸秆增强层的制备:
待竹纤维内增强层固化后,将网格布缠绕在模具上,在网格布上方设置料斗输出同向的秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后通过压装机将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着通过缝纫机沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向缝制缝纫线,秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕一层或一层以上秸秆茎部,达到设计厚度6mm;缠绕完毕后,对管道加热到60℃固化180分钟,获得秸秆增强层3,其中,胶黏剂与竹蔑层使用的胶黏剂相同。
5)竹纤维外增强层的制备:继续将竹帘带缠绕在秸秆增强层3上,与竹纤维内增强层21相同的缠绕方式,缠绕到厚度2mm的竹纤维外增强层22。
6)外防护层的制备:
在秸秆增强层外面涂刷一层防水防腐较好的乙烯基酯树脂以获得外防护层4,厚约1.5mm。
本实施例生产的秸秆竹复合管的结构如图1所示,该复合管经水压测试,短时失效水压达到1.0MPa,刚度达到7500N/m2,环向抗拉强力达到300KN/m,达到压力管道的技术指标。
实施例2
本实施例以制作直径为公称直径400mm、压力等级0.8MPa的秸秆竹缠绕复合管为例,具体说明本发明的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
1)竹纤维及秸秆预处理:
同实施例1;
2)内衬层1的制备:
同实施例1,只是直管模具的外径为400mm;
3)竹纤维增强层2的制备:同实施例1,厚度为8mm;
待内衬层固化后,将竹帘带退卷,将其平整地缠绕在内衬层1上,竹帘带在缠绕过程中,在竹帘带上输送胶黏剂,缠绕多层竹帘带,达到设计厚度;缠绕完毕后,进行固化获得竹纤维增强层2。
4)辅助增强层5的制备:
用树脂和无机矿物填料或天然植物填料混合搅拌成胶泥,无机矿物填料可以选用石粉、矿砂等,天然植物填料可以选用木片、木粉、竹片、竹粉、植物果壳粉中的一种或几种,填料质量比为70%-90%,树脂质量比为10%-30%;将混合好的胶泥均匀的附着在一层衬布上,将附着有该胶泥的衬布包裹在竹纤维增强层2上并拉紧压实,包裹至6mm的厚度,制成辅助增强层5;树脂选用氨基树脂。
5)秸秆增强层3的制备:同实施例1,厚度为4mm
6)外防护层4的制备:同实施例1
在秸秆增强层外面涂刷一层防水防腐较好的乙烯基酯树脂以获得外防护层4,厚约1.5mm。
本实施例生产的秸秆竹复合管的结构如图2所示,该复合管经水压测试,短时失效水压达到0.8MPa,刚度达到7500N/m2,环向抗拉强力达到420KN/m,达到压力管道的技术指标。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种秸秆竹缠绕复合管,沿管径方向,由内至外依次包括内衬层、增强层和外防护层,其特征在于,所述增强层包括竹纤维增强层和秸秆增强层,所述竹纤维增强层由多层竹篾层组成,该竹篾层由竹篾缠绕而成,所述秸秆增强层由多层秸秆层组成,该秸秆层采用如下工艺制备:在网格布上方输送秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向对秸秆茎部进行缝制,缝制后的秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后进行缠绕,然后固化获得秸秆层。
2.如权利要求1所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,其特征在于,在所述增强层的任意两层之间还设置有辅助增强层,所述辅助增强层是由树脂和填料混合而成的胶泥层,所述填料为天然植物填料或无机矿物填料。
3.如权利要求2所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,其特征在于,所述天然植物填料为竹纤维、木纤维、麻纤维、植物果壳纤维中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求2所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,其特征在于,所述无机矿物填料为颗粒状和/或粉状的石粉和/或矿砂。
5.如权利要求3所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,其特征在于,所述秸秆为麦秸、稻草、玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求4所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管,其特征在于,所述秸秆增强层设置于所述竹纤维增强层的任意两层竹篾层之间。
7.一种制备秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将原竹剖成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将竹篾平行排列,连接成竹帘带,收卷获得竹蔑卷;将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥后切割为相同长度;
利用织物和胶黏剂在直管模具上制作防腐防渗的内衬层;
将竹篾卷退卷,退卷后的竹帘带缠绕在所述内衬层上,缠绕的同时,向所述竹帘带输送胶黏剂,并保证竹帘带上的竹篾被所述胶黏剂完全包覆,然后经固化获得竹纤维增强层;
将网格布缠绕在竹纤维增强层上,在网格布上方输送同向的秸秆茎部,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,所述秸秆的铺设方向与所述网格布的输送方向相同,随后将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向对秸秆茎部进行缝制,缝制后的秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕在所述竹纤维增强层上,经固化获得秸秆增强层;
最后在所述秸秆增强层外喷涂一层防腐防水的材料,形成外防护层。
8.如权利要求7所述的秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述秸秆茎部经干燥后的含水率为7%-13%。
9.一种制备秸秆竹缠绕复合管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将原竹剖成竹片,将竹片去青去黄后切削成竹蔑,将竹篾干燥处理,然后将竹篾平行排列,连接成竹帘带,收卷获得竹蔑卷;将秸秆去掉除茎部外的其余部分,将秸秆茎部干燥后切割为相同长度;
利用织物和胶黏剂在直管模具上制作防腐防渗的内衬层;
将竹篾卷退卷,退卷后的竹帘带缠绕在所述内衬层上,缠绕的同时,向所述竹帘带输送胶黏剂,并保证竹帘带上的竹篾被所述胶黏剂完全包覆,然后经固化获得竹纤维增强层;
用树脂和填料混合搅拌成胶泥,将混合好的胶泥均匀的附着在衬布上,将附着有胶泥的衬布包裹在竹纤维增强层上以制成辅助增强层;
将网格布缠绕在辅助增强层上,在网格布上方输送同向的秸秆茎部,所述秸秆的铺设方向与所述网格布的输送方向相同,使秸秆茎部随着网格布向模具的输送平行紧密铺设在网格布上,随后将铺设好的秸秆茎部压制成片状,接着沿垂直于秸秆茎部铺设方向对秸秆茎部进行缝制,缝制后的秸秆茎部随网格布的输送经过浸胶槽浸胶后,缠绕在所述辅助增强层上,经固化获得秸秆增强层;
最后在所述秸秆增强层外喷涂一层防腐防水的材料,形成外防护层。
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