JP2012520368A - 新規な材料 - Google Patents
新規な材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012520368A JP2012520368A JP2011553480A JP2011553480A JP2012520368A JP 2012520368 A JP2012520368 A JP 2012520368A JP 2011553480 A JP2011553480 A JP 2011553480A JP 2011553480 A JP2011553480 A JP 2011553480A JP 2012520368 A JP2012520368 A JP 2012520368A
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- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- wood
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- weight
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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Abstract
Description
− 生物分解可能ポリマーとそれらの混合物とから成るグループから選択されるポリマーから形成される第1成分の10〜100重量部、好ましくは、50〜100重量部と、
− 板状の木材粒子として存在する補強材から形成される第2成分の1〜100重量部、好ましくは、10〜50重量部とを混合する。
− 前記複合材料の密度は、前記ポリマー成分(例えば、エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマー)自体の密度よりも少なくとも5%低い、
− 前記複合材料の3点曲げテストでのヤング係数は、前記ポリマー成分(例えば、エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマー)自体のそれよりも少なくとも10%高い、そして、
− 熱伝導性は、最大で約0.5W/mKである。
約120−150000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する78gの市販PCLと、平均寸法2.4×2.7×1.9mmの立方ソーミル(cubic sawmill)トウヒチップとを混合し、剥離紙上に注ぎ、オーブンで、100℃で約60分間加熱した。ポリマーの溶解が観察された後、前記木材−PCL混合物をオーブンから取り出して、これを厚いプレート(厚み4−5mm)の形状に折り畳んだ。固化の後、前記複合材プレートをオーブンに戻し、再度溶解させた。この溶解成形サイクルを、成分の均一な分布が達成されるまで繰り返した。
85gのε−ポリカプロラクトンCAPA6800と、平均サイズ4.8×5.6×1.2mmの24gの大型アスペンチップとを、例1の調製方法によって木材−PCL複合材へと溶融させた。整形外科ギプス用として最適な柔軟性と剛性とを備えた軽量複合プレートが得られた。
77gのε−ポリカプロラクトンCAPA6800と33gの混合木材質(トウヒ、マツ、及び樺材)の微細おがくずとを、所望の木材−PCL複合材を達成するため、例1の調製方法によって溶解、混合した。
700gのε−ポリカプロラクトンCAPA6800と平均サイズ2×2×0.2mmの300gのトウヒチップダストとを、別々に、Gimacミニツインスクリュー押出成形装置のホッパに供給した。スクリュー、アダプタ、ノズルの温度はほぼ130℃であった。この複合材混合物を、複合化ノズル(直径4mm)を通して押出し、ローリンクベルトに収集した。前記ベルトを移動させながら、この複合材を加圧空気によって冷却した。その結果、木材粒子とポリマーとの筒状の均質な混合物が得られた。前記機械テスト用のテストサンプルを例1に記載の方法で作った。
物理的特性に対する前記補強成分の影響を、3点曲げテストで調べた。複合材の曲げ強度及び係数を、汎用テスト装置Instron4411によって測定した。補強材をなんら含まない純粋なPCLを対照として使用した。
物理テストのために例5において作成されたサンプルの密度を、規則的サイズのサンプルの寸法を測定しそれらを重みづけすることによって測定した。前記複合材の密度を図3においてグラフ表示している。これから明らかなように、本発明の複合材は、ポリカプロラクトン自体よりもはるかに小さな密度を有している。
例3において作成した複合材を、指を支持するための副子ギプス(「指副子」)を作るのに適したプレートに加工した。
この例は、図5に図示した一般的形状を有する再成形可能な手首ギプス11の製造を記載するものである。
〔例9〕
この例は、解剖学的足首ギプスの作成とその利用とを例示するものである。
この例は、剥離粘着テスト方法によるテストが前記複合材副子の表面(材料と構造)に対する或るテープ/包帯の相対的接合強度をどのように示すかを例示するものである。溶融されているWPC材料は、圧力感応粘着材と見なすことができる。このテストにおいて、ガーゼ包帯を、溶融複合材のスチールスラブ面で30秒間プレスし、その後、RT(室温)にまで冷却させた。複合材の硬化後、ガーゼをInstron機械式テスト装置を使用して、基材から一定の剥離速度で180°で剥離する。測定は、改造標準式SFS−EN1939 (Standard Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape)に従って行った。
トウヒチップを、120℃で4時間乾燥させ、ポリマー顆粒をそのまま使用した。原材料の予備混合を、封止されたプラスチック容器中で行った。この混合物(200g木材チップ/300g PCL顆粒)を、4つの加熱ゾーンを備えるBrabender単スクリュー押出機のフィードホッパに注いだ。押出機の回転速度を50rpmにセットし、4つのゾーン全ての温度を130℃に固定した。押出機での複合化処理後、形成された複合材をオーブン内で125℃まで加熱してその後のカレンダ加工中の成形容易性を確保した。複合材混合物の均一プレートへのカレンダ加工をそれらすべてが複数のサイクル、折り畳み、冷却及び再加熱工程、を含む三つの段階で行った。カレンダシリンダの温度は100℃に固定した。カレンダ加工後、プレート状複合材を、帯の鋸で10cm×40cmに切断し、その後、100℃での1サイクルのカレンダ加工によって投入材料に対する円滑な表面を達成した。
Claims (24)
- ポリマーによって形成される第1成分と強化材によって形成される第2成分とを含む複合材料であって、
前記第1成分は、生物分解可能ポリマーとその混合物のグループから選択される熱可塑性ポリマーを含み、
前記第2成分は、0.1 mm以上の最小寸法を有する板状の木材粒子の木材材料を含む複合材料。 - 前記板状の木材粒子由来の前記木材材料は、前記第2成分の総重量の少なくとも10%、好ましくは約20〜100%、特に約30〜100%を形成する請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 5〜99重量部、特に40〜99重量部の前記熱可塑性ポリマー成分、および、
1〜95重量部、特に1〜60重量部の前記木材材料を含み、
当該木材材料の重量は、この木材材料の乾燥重量に基づいて計算される請求項1または2に記載の複合材料。 - 前記第1成分は前記複合材料のマトリクスを形成し、前記第2成分の微小構造は不連続である請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマー、エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマーとその他の生物分解可能熱可塑性ホモポリマーの混合物のグループから選択され、
前記エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマーが5〜99重量%、特に40〜99重量%であり、
前記生物分解可能熱可塑性ポリマーが1〜95重量%、特に1〜60重量%であり、
前記エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマーと任意の前記熱可塑性生物分解ポリマーのコポリマーであって、エプシロン−カプロラクトン由来の反復単位が5〜99重量%、特に40〜99重量%であり、
その他の重合材由来の反復単位が1〜95重量%、特に1〜60重量%である請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。 - 約60,000〜500,000g/mol、好ましくは100,000〜約200,000g/molの平均分子量を有する第1ポリマー成分を含む請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 1dl/g以上、好ましくは1.2dl/g以上、特に1.3dl/g以上、好ましくは約1.5〜2.5dl/g、例えば1.6〜2.1dl/gの範囲の固有粘度を有する第1ポリマー成分を含む請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複合材料の密度は、前記エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマーの密度よりも少なくとも5%低い請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複合材料の3点曲げ力は、前記エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマー自体のそれよりも少なくとも5%良好である請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複合材料の3点曲げテストにおけるヤング係数は、前記エプシロン−カプロラクトンホモポリマーのそれよりも少なくとも10%高い請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記板状の木材粒子は、少なくとも0.7mm、特に約1〜40mm、好適には約1.2〜20mm、好ましくは約1.5〜10mm、例えば約1〜5mm等の、少なくとも0.5mmの平均サイズ(最小寸法の)を有する請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記個々の木材粒子は、1mm以上の少なくとも二つの寸法と、0.1以上の一つの寸法を有し、前記木材粒子は少なくとも1mm3の平均体積を有する請求項1〜11の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記木材粒子は、これら木材粒子の6つの表面を視認できるものである請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記木材粒子は、前記熱可塑性ポリマーの溶融流中において配向および整列可能である請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記木材粒子は硬質木材、軟質木材又はそれらの組み合わせのチップを含む請求項1〜14の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 更に、強化成分として、粒子状材料、繊維状材料又はそれらの組み合わせを含み、この成分は前記第2成分の重量の約1〜15%を形成する請求項1〜15の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 整形外科材料として使用される請求項1〜16の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 指副子、手首ギプス又は足首ギプスの形態である請求項17に記載の複合材料。
- 約50〜70℃の温度で形成可能であり、50℃以下の温度、特に少なくとも45℃までの環境温度においては硬質である請求項1〜18の何れか一項に記載の複合材料。
- ポリマーによって形成される第1成分と強化材によって形成される第2成分とを含む複合材料であって、
前記第1成分は、生物分解可能ポリマーとその混合物のグループから選択される熱可塑性ポリマーを含み、
前記第2成分は木材材料を含み、当該木材材料の大半は粉体よりもサイズの大きな木材粒子から成る複合材料。 - 粉体よりもサイズの大きな前記大半の木材粒子は顆粒又は板状であり、前記木材材料の70%以上を形成し、前記木材材料は前記第2成分の70%以上を形成する請求項20に記載の複合材料。
- 前記木材材料は0.6mm以上約3.0mmまで、好ましくは約1〜2.5mmの寸法を有する立体形状を有する実質的に顆粒状粒子を含む請求項20または21に記載の複合材料。
- 前記木材材料は、0.6mm以上約3.0mmまで、好ましくは、約1〜2.5mmの平均篩い分けサイズを有する顆粒状粒子を含むか、実質的そのような顆粒状粒子から成る請求項22に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複合材料中の前記第1成分及び第2成分の混合が均質となるように、前記第1成分の熱可塑性ポリマーはペレット形状で前記木材材料の顆粒状粒子の寸法に類似の寸法を有する請求項21または22に記載の複合材料。
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