JP5964534B1 - 半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5964534B1 JP5964534B1 JP2016507915A JP2016507915A JP5964534B1 JP 5964534 B1 JP5964534 B1 JP 5964534B1 JP 2016507915 A JP2016507915 A JP 2016507915A JP 2016507915 A JP2016507915 A JP 2016507915A JP 5964534 B1 JP5964534 B1 JP 5964534B1
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- wire
- core material
- coating layer
- bonding wire
- bonding
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 113
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017767 Cu—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
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- H01L24/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05599—Material
- H01L2224/056—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/05617—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 400°C and less than 950°C
- H01L2224/05624—Aluminium [Al] as principal constituent
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Abstract
Description
(1)Cuを主成分とし、元素周期表第10族の金属元素を総計で0.1〜3.0質量%含有する芯材と、該芯材表面に設けられたPdを主成分とする被覆層と、該被覆層表面に設けられたAuとPdを含む表皮合金層とを含む半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、ワイヤ最表面におけるCu濃度が1〜10at%であることを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(2)前記元素周期表第10族の金属元素が、Ni、Pd及びPtからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする(1)に記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(3)前記元素周期表第10族の金属元素が、Niを含むことを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(4)前記Pdを主成分とする被覆層の厚さが20〜90nm、前記AuとPdを含む表皮合金層の厚さが0.5〜40nm、Auの最大濃度が15〜75at%であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(5)前記芯材が、さらにAuを含有し、芯材中のNi、Pd、Pt、Auの総計が0.1質量%を超え3.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(4)のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(6)前記ボンディングワイヤが、さらにP、B、Be、Fe、Mg、Ti、Zn、Ag、Siの1種以上を含有し、ワイヤ全体に占めるこれら元素濃度の総計が0.0001〜0.01質量%の範囲であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(7)前記芯材と前記被覆層との境界部、および前記被覆層と前記表皮合金層との境界部に拡散領域を有することを特徴とする(1)乃至(6)のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(8)前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面(以下「垂直断面」という。)に対して結晶方位を測定した結果において、ワイヤ長手方向の結晶方位の内、ワイヤ長手方向に対して角度差が15°以下である結晶方位<100>の方位比率が30%以上であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(7)のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
前述のようにCu合金芯材の酸化を抑制するため、Cu合金芯材の表面に形成するPdを主成分とする被覆層の厚みは20〜90nmが好ましい。被覆層の厚みが20nm以上であれば酸化抑制効果が充分となり、2nd接合性とFAB形状が良好となるため好ましい。なお、FAB形状とは、真球性、偏芯の有無、および引け巣の有無を意味する。被覆層の厚みは、より好ましくは25nm以上、又は30nm以上である。また、被覆層の厚みが90nm以下であれば、チップダメージが低減すると共にFAB形状が良好となり、さらにボール部の表面に直径数μmの大きさの気泡が生じることが少なく、好ましい。被覆層の厚みは、より好ましくは85nm以下、又は80nm以下である。
前述のとおり、Cu合金芯材の表面にPdを主成分とする被覆層を有する構成のみでは、Pdめっきリードフレーム上で良好な2nd接合性を確保することはできない。本発明においては、Pdを主成分とする被覆層の表面に更にAuとPdを含む表皮合金層を形成する。AuとPdを含む表皮合金層の厚さは0.5〜40nmが好ましい。ワイヤの最表面の領域がAuとPdとの合金層であれば、Pdめっきリードフレーム上にワイヤを2nd接合させる際、ワイヤの最表面を構成する表皮合金層中のAuがPdめっきリードフレーム上のPdに向けて優先的に拡散し、ボンディングワイヤとPdめっきリードフレームの両者の間に合金層を形成しやすくする。そのため、Pdめっきリードフレームとの2nd接合性が向上する。また、AuフラッシュめっきされたPdめっきリードフレーム上でも同様に2nd接合性が向上することを確認しており、この場合はリードフレーム上の極薄フラッシュメッキのAuと表皮合金層中のAuのお互いの密着性促進効果によると考えられる。PdめっきリードフレームあるいはPdめっきの上にAuめっきを施したリードフレームに対する2nd接合性を改善する観点から、表皮合金層の厚みは好ましくは0.5nm以上、より好ましくは1nm以上、2nm以上、又は3nm以上である。一方、表皮合金層の厚みが厚すぎると、FAB形状が悪化する場合があり、また、高価なAuの使用量が増えてコストアップとなることから、表皮合金層の厚みは好ましくは40nm以下、より好ましくは35nm以下、又は30nm以下である。
Claims (7)
- Cuを主成分とし、元素周期表第10族の金属元素を総計で0.1質量%以上3.0質量%以下含有する芯材と、該芯材表面に設けられたPdを主成分とする被覆層と、該被覆層表面に設けられたAuとPdを含む表皮合金層とを含む半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、ワイヤ最表面におけるCu濃度が1at%以上10at%以下であり、前記元素周期表第10族の金属元素がNiを含むことを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記元素周期表第10族の金属元素が、さらにPd、Ptの一方又は両方を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記Pdを主成分とする被覆層の厚さが20nm以上90nm以下、前記AuとPdを含む表皮合金層の厚さが0.5nm以上40nm以下、Auの最大濃度が15at%以上75at%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記芯材が、さらにAuを含有し、芯材中のNi、Pd、Pt、Auの総計が0.1質量%を超え3.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤが、さらにP、B、Be、Fe、Mg、Ti、Zn、Ag、Siの1種以上を含有し、ワイヤ全体に占めるこれら元素濃度の総計が0.0001質量%以上0.01質量%以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記芯材を構成する元素および前記表皮合金層を構成する元素が前記被覆層に拡散していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面に対して結晶方位を測定した結果において、ワイヤ軸方向の結晶方位の内、ワイヤ軸方向に対して角度差が15°以下である結晶方位<100>の方位比率が30%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
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JP5807992B1 (ja) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-11-10 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | ボールボンディング用パラジウム(Pd)被覆銅ワイヤ |
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MY162048A (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2017-05-31 | Nippon Micrometal Corp | Bonding wire for semiconductor device |
EP3136435B1 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2022-08-31 | Nippon Micrometal Corporation | Bonding wire for semiconductor device |
MY162884A (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2017-07-20 | Nippon Micrometal Corp | Bonding wire for semiconductor device |
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2015
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JP2018078229A (ja) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-17 | 日鉄住金マイクロメタル株式会社 | 半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ |
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US11373934B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-06-28 | Nippon Micrometal Corporation | Bonding wire for semiconductor device |
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