JP6019547B2 - 銅ボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
銅ボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6019547B2 JP6019547B2 JP2011160355A JP2011160355A JP6019547B2 JP 6019547 B2 JP6019547 B2 JP 6019547B2 JP 2011160355 A JP2011160355 A JP 2011160355A JP 2011160355 A JP2011160355 A JP 2011160355A JP 6019547 B2 JP6019547 B2 JP 6019547B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- wire
- bonding wire
- mass ppm
- grain size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 126
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 123
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 133
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910010320 TiS Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 or Ti—O—S bond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
(銅ボンディングワイヤの構成)
(1)添加元素について
本発明は、Ti、Mg、Zr、Nb、Ca、V、Ni、Mn及びCrからなる群から選択された添加元素を含み、残部が銅及び不可避的不純物である軟質希薄銅合金材料を伸線加工し、次いで焼鈍処理が施された銅ボンディングワイヤにある。
(2)組成比率について
添加元素として、Ti、Ca、V、Ni、Mn及びCrの1種又は2種以上の合計の含有量は4〜55mass ppmであり、より10〜20mass ppmが好ましく、Mgの含有量は2〜30mass ppm、より5〜10mass ppmが好ましく、Zr、Nbの含有量は8〜100mass ppm、より20〜40mass ppmが好ましい。
(3)銅ボンディングワイヤの結晶組織について
本発明に係る銅ボンディングワイヤは、結晶組織が銅ボンディングワイヤの少なくとも表面から銅ボンディングワイヤの内部に向けて線径の20%の深さまでの平均結晶粒サイズが20μm以下である。
(4)分散している物質について
銅ボンディングワイヤ内に分散している分散粒子のサイズは小さいことが好ましく、また、銅ボンディングワイヤ内に分散粒子が多く分散していることが好ましい。その理由は、分散粒子は、硫黄の析出サイトとしての機能を有するからであり、析出サイトとしてはサイズが小さく、数が多いことが要求されるからである。
(5)銅ボンディングワイヤの硬さ、伸び率及び引張強度について
本発明に係る銅ボンディングワイヤ用の材料には、硬さと伸び率、引張強度のバランスに優れることが求められる。この理由として、もし、ワイヤ或いは、ワイヤ先端に形成されたボールが硬いと、ボンディングパッドとしてのAl配線膜や、或いはその下のSi半導体チップにダメージを与えてしまうためである。更に、ワイヤ自体の引張強さや伸びが小さいと、適正なワイヤーループを保持することが困難となったり、ボンディングの際に、ワイヤ切れ不良などを起こしやすくなるためである。
(銅ボンディングワイヤの製造方法)
本発明に係る銅ボンディングワイヤの製造方法は以下のとおりである。例として、Tiを添加元素に選択した場合を説明する。
実験材として、酸素濃度7mass ppm〜8mass ppm、硫黄濃度5mass ppm、チタン濃度13mass ppmを有するφ8mmの銅線(ワイヤロッド、加工度99.3%)を作製した。φ8mmの銅線は、SCR連続鋳造圧延法(South Continuous Rod System)により、熱間圧延加工が施され作製されたものである。Tiは、シャフト炉で溶解された銅溶湯を還元ガス雰囲気で樋に流し、樋に流した銅溶湯を同じ還元ガス雰囲気の鋳造ポットに導き、この鋳造ポットにて、Tiを添加した後、これをノズルを通して鋳造輪と無端ベルトとの間に形成される鋳型にて鋳塊ロッドを作成した。この鋳塊ロッドを熱間圧延加工してφ8mmの銅線を作成したものである。次に、各実験材に冷間伸線加工を施した。これにより、φ2.6mmサイズの銅線を作製した。
[軟質希薄銅合金材料の軟質特性について]
表1は、無酸素銅線を用いた比較材1と酸素濃度7massppm〜8massppm、硫黄濃度5massppm、チタン濃度13massppmを有する軟質希薄銅合金線を用いた実施材1とを試料とし、異なる焼鈍温度で1時間の焼鈍を施したもののビッカース硬さ(Hv)を検証した表である。表1によると、焼鈍温度が400℃のときに比較材1と実施材1とのビッカース硬さ(Hv)は同等レベルとなり、焼鈍温度が600℃でも同等のビッカース硬さ(Hv)を示している。このことから、本発明の軟質希薄銅合金線は十分な軟質特性を有するとともに、無酸素銅線と比較しても、特に焼鈍温度が400℃を超える領域においては優れた軟質特性を備えていることがわかる。
2.6mm径である実施材1、比較材1の表層における平均結晶粒サイズを測定した。ここに、表層における平均結晶粒サイズの測定方法は、図1に示すように、2.6mm径の径方向断面の表面から深さ方向に10μm間隔で50μmの深さまでのところの長さ10mmの線上の範囲での結晶粒サイズを測定した夫々の実測値を平均した値を表層における平均結晶粒サイズとした。
[軟質希薄銅合金材料の伸び特性と結晶構造との関係について]
図2は、2.6mm径の無酸素銅線を用いた比較材1と2.6mm径の低酸素銅(酸素濃度7massppm〜8massppm、硫黄濃度5massppm)に13mass ppmのTiを添加した軟質希薄銅合金線を用いた実施材1を試料とし、異なる焼鈍温度で1時間の焼鈍を施したものの伸び率(%)の値の推移を検証したグラフである。図2に示す丸記号は実施材1を示し、四角記号は比較材1を示す。
φ2.6mmサイズの銅線を作製するところまでは、上述した軟質希薄銅合金材料の実施例1と同様である。これをφ0.9mmまで伸線加工を施し、通電アニーラにて一旦焼鈍したあと、φ0.05mmまで伸線した。次に、管状炉にて400℃〜600℃×0.8〜4.8秒の走行焼鈍を施し実施材2の材料とした。比較として、φ0.05mmの4N銅(99.99%以上、OFC(無酸素銅))も同様の加工熱処理条件で作製し比較材2の材料とした。これらの材料の機械的特性(引張強さ、伸び率、硬さ)、結晶粒サイズを測定した。
(銅ボンディングワイヤの軟質特性、伸び率及び引張強さ)
図6及び図7は、無酸素銅線を用いた比較材2に係るワイヤロッドと、低酸素銅に13mass ppmのTiを含有させた軟質希薄銅合金線から作製した実施材2に係るワイヤロッドとについて、φ0.9mm(なまし材)からφ0.05mmまで伸線加工をし、管状炉による走行焼鈍(温度300℃〜600℃、時間0.8〜4.8秒)をしたあとの断面硬さ(Hv)及び機械的特性(引張強さ、伸び率を測定した結果である。
(0.05mm径の銅ボンディングワイヤの結晶構造について)
図8は比較材2に係る銅ボンディングワイヤの径方向の断面組織を断面写真にて表したものであり、図9は実施材2に係る銅ボンディングワイヤの径方向の断面組織を断面写真にて表したものである。図8に示すように、比較材2の結晶構造は、表面部から中央部にかけて全体的に大きさの等しい結晶粒が均一に並んでいることが分かる。一方、実施材2の結晶構造は、全体的に結晶粒の大きさがまばらであり、試料の断面方向の表面付近に薄く形成されている層における結晶粒サイズが内部の結晶粒サイズに比べて極めて小さくなっている。
図11は、実施材1と同様の成分組成であり、0.26mm径の線材に対して焼鈍温度600℃で1時間の焼鈍を施したものを用いた実施材3の試料の径方向の断面組織の断面写真を示したものであり、図12は、比較材3の径方向の断面組織の断面写真を示したものである。
図13は、実施材4の試料の幅方向の断面組織を断面写真にて表したものであり、図14は比較材4の幅方向の断面組織を断面写真にて表したものである。
Claims (3)
- Tiを添加元素として10〜20mass ppm及び酸素を5〜15mass ppm含み、残部が銅と不可避不純物である軟質希薄銅合金材料からなり、前記不可避不純物として硫黄を3〜8mass ppm含み、結晶組織が少なくともその表面から内部に向けて線径の20%の深さまでの表層の平均結晶粒サイズが20μm以下であり、前記表層の結晶粒サイズが前記表層よりも断面方向の内部の結晶粒サイズよりも小さいことを特徴とする銅ボンディングワイヤ。
- 請求項1において、引張り強さが210MPa以上、伸び率が15%以上及びビッカース硬さが65Hv以下であることを特徴とする銅ボンディングワイヤ。
- 請求項1又は2において、導電率が98%IACS以上であることを特徴とする銅ボンディングワイヤ。
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JP2011160355A JP6019547B2 (ja) | 2011-07-21 | 2011-07-21 | 銅ボンディングワイヤ |
TW101125590A TWI579095B (zh) | 2011-07-21 | 2012-07-16 | Copper wire |
CN201210252443.0A CN103031464B (zh) | 2011-07-21 | 2012-07-20 | 铜接合线 |
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TWI548480B (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-11 | 樂金股份有限公司 | 銅銲線及其製造方法 |
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MY162048A (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2017-05-31 | Nippon Micrometal Corp | Bonding wire for semiconductor device |
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TWI556337B (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2016-11-01 | Nippon Micrometal Corp | Connection lines for semiconductor devices |
CN107887053B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-12-31 | 日立金属株式会社 | 镀敷铜线、镀敷绞线和绝缘电线以及镀敷铜线的制造方法 |
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JP2006274383A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 銅材の製造方法及び銅材 |
JP4674483B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2011-04-20 | 日立電線株式会社 | 銅材の製造方法及び銅材 |
JP5147040B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-21 | 2013-02-20 | 日立電線株式会社 | 銅合金導体の製造方法 |
JP2008041447A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | ケーブル用導体及びその製造方法並びにその導体を用いた耐屈曲性ケーブル |
JP5309745B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社Ihi | ガス化設備における流動層ガス化炉の層高制御方法及び装置 |
JP5604882B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-10 | 2014-10-15 | 日立金属株式会社 | 半軟化温度の低い銅荒引線の製造方法、銅線の製造方法及び銅線 |
JP4709296B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-17 | 2011-06-22 | 日立電線株式会社 | 希薄銅合金材料の製造方法 |
JP5077416B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-08 | 2012-11-21 | 日立電線株式会社 | 軟質希薄銅合金材料、軟質希薄銅合金線、軟質希薄銅合金板、軟質希薄銅合金撚線およびこれらを用いたケーブル、同軸ケーブルおよび複合ケーブル |
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CN103031464A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
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CN103031464B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
TW201306985A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
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