Goverment

У розвідці проаналізовано особливості розвитку й різновиди напівпрезиденталізму в Україні упродовж 1991-2015 років, окреслено інституційні патерни різних сценаріїв напівпрезиденталізму в Україні, детерміновано формальні та фактичні атрибути українського напівпрезиденталізму, а також визначено перспективи реформування напівпрезиденталізму в Україні. Аргументовано, що в Україні після 2014 року використано практику збалансованого напівпрезиденталізму. Визначено інституційні патерни, ризики та ефекти збалансованого напівпрезиденталізму в Україні, а також ключові напрями його модифікації. Виснувано, що збалансований напівпрезиденталізм, зокрема й в Україні, становить інституційно нестабільний сценарій системи державного правління. Зроблено припущення, що збалансований напівпрезиденталізм в Україні повинен трансформуватись у напівпрезиденталізм із посадою номінального президента або у парламентаризм.
Ключові слова: система правління, напівпрезиденталізм, президент-парламентаризм, прем’єр-президенталізм, збалансований напівпрезиденталізм, Україна.

Any space needs to be conceptualized by thorough study of environment, its surroundings and community needs. These spaces are planned to provide a distinct function but many spaces are created with no definite function and are used as a changeover between two spaces. These spaces are referred as 'Transition Spaces 'and they generate a 'Spatial prospect 'for many activities, rather than serving a specific function. In this changing time of urbanization, the skyline of the city is changing from traditional buildings to glittering glass and steel structures, overshadowing the existing fabric of the city. This change is sudden not gradual. One perceives the landmarks and left behind are the unrecognizable edges and nodes. These nodes and edges are spaces where people interact and intermingle and thus transition spaces are formed. These transition spaces play a vital role in environmental behavior. The idea of this study is to understand the essence of a space in which one experiences a shift. This shift is important because that is the area where most of the activities happen. Space, like man, needs an identity else it would be lost in time. It is necessary for us to be able to distinguish between the ideas of such places, else understanding the transitions would be difficult. 'People and space depend on one another; they share each other their true colours. '(Hertzberger, 2000) I.

Awal munculnya isu pengelolaan sampah pasar ini dimulai dari adanya problem kebersihan, keteraturan, kenyamanan, dan keamanan untuk berbelanja di pasar tradisional, yang berkembang di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Adapun problem isu di sini, masyarakat pengguna pasar tradisional mempunyai anggapan adanya kejenuhan terhadap kinerja pemerintah daerah, di samping itu masyarakat menginginkan adanya suatu perubahan yang dapat menyentuh aspek manajemen dan teknis pengelolaan sampah pasar.

Pemerintah Kota Makassar mesti melakukan pembenahan serius terhadap fasilitas persampahan, terutama pada kondisi pasar pasca-revitalisasi. Sistem dan penyediaan fasilitas tersebut melibatkan partisipasi pedagang. Pendekatan secara partisipatif dalam perencanaan, pengadaan dan pemeliharaan fasilitas akan meningkatkan rasa memiliki di kalangan pedagang pasar. Untuk itulah penyusunan agenda kebijakan pengelolaan sampah pasar penting untuk dilakukan.

Rancangan Peraturan Daerah (Ranperda) tentang penataan Pasar Tradisional perlu dipercepat pembahasan dan atau pemberlakuannya, terutama hal yang berkaitan dengan sistem dan prosedur pengelolaan sampah pasar. Gagasan dan kebijakan revitalisasi pasar tradisional diharapkan tidak hanya terfokus pada aspek penataan spasial (keruangan), tetapi juga memperhatikan aspek sosial dan pengelolaan lingkungan terutama aspek persampahan.

Kata Kunci : isu, agenda, agenda setting, sampah pasar

Over the past two decades, the automotive industry has aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances in the development of safety, reliability, and entertainment technologies for vehicles. With drivers exposed to an ever increasing number of distractions, automatic rain-sensing wiper systems become an even more appealing feature, as they work to minimize the time the driver must take his/her hands off the wheel.  Most traditional systems offer intermittent as well as variable speed operation.
The traditional wiper system however requires driver constant attention in adjusting the wiper speed. Traditional windshield wiper speed constantly varies according to time and vehicle’s speed. Because the manual adjustment of the wiper distracts driver's attention, which may be a direct cause accidents. This is review paper for automatic wiper in various method and also explain the basic skeleton for    adjust speed of wiper automatically cording to the amount of water on the windshield and in addition with also in advance removal of moisture inside the car while raining. The system activates the wiper to operate in full automatic mode and detect moisture using CAN technology.

RESUMO Este artigo científico tem como objetivo investigar se o poder público está gerenciando corretamente as situações de crise ocasionadas por deslizamentos de terra devido à chuva em Manaus. Para isso foram estabelecidos alguns procedimentos que se dirigiram aos resultados. A metodologia desse estudo exploratório consistiu apenas em pesquisa bibliográfica e na análise dos procedimentos do poder público noticiados na imprensa local confrontada com a literatura especializada no assunto visando explicar o contexto. O resultado constatado foi que o poder público está gerenciando bem as situações de crise ocasionadas pelas ocorrências de deslizamentos de terra devido à chuva na cidade de Manaus no período estudado, janeiro de 2017. Todavia, o poder público precisa dar uma 'resposta' definitiva para acabar com o ciclo vicioso que foi constatado nesse estudo. Palavras-Chave: Gerenciamento de crise, deslizamento de terra, chuva.
ABSTRACT This scientific article aims to investigate if the governmental power is correctly managing the crisis caused by landslides due to rain at Manaus. For this, some procedures were established to direct the results. The methodology of this exploratory study consisted just in bibliographic research and analysis of the procedures of the governmental power reported on local press confronted with a literature specialized in the subject to explain the context. The verified result was that governmental power is managing well the crises caused by the occurrence of mudslides due to rainfall in the city of Manaus in the studied period, 2017 January. However, the governmental power needs to find a definitive answer to finish the vicious cycle that was verified in the study.

Демократический лидер Эфиальт - фигура в истории трагическая, но не только из-за своей трагической гибели. Он смог декретом отнять права у Совета  Ареопага, однако, как оказалось, сама афинская демократия не сумела обойтись без старинного и уважаемого Ареопага.

*"insight into emerging concepts of rights and a global perspective of successes and failures in civil rights movements." -- Book News, 2007.  Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources provides insight into two centuries of struggle for human and civil rights and the issues that struggle engenders. Human rights are universal guarantees of security of person and freedom of conscience for all individuals regardless of nation, ethnicity, race, religion, or gender. The preamble of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 states: "…recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world… disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people…" (continued... download to read more) --  K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, & Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, editors. Paris and London. June 2006.

The process of determining required and specifiable characteristics of a concrete mixture is called mix design. Characteristics can include: (1) fresh concrete properties; (2) required mechanical properties of hardened concrete such as strength and durability requirements; and (3) the inclusion, exclusion, or limits on specific ingredients. Mix design leads to the development of a concrete specification. Mixture proportioning refers to the process of determining the quantities of concrete ingredients, using local materials, to achieve the specified characteristics of the concrete. A properly proportioned concrete mix should possess these qualities:

John Locke (1632-1704) lived during a dynamic time in English history.  Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) contributed philosophy to a burgeoning time in France’s history. During the 18th century, Enlightenment philosophers like Locke and Rousseau applied reason, philosophy and the scientific method to government and politics. John Locke’s The Second Treatise on Government was written to justify resistance to king Charles II, but was published as a defense of William's Revolution or The Glorious Revolution which is a pivotal moment in English History.  Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophies were popular among the Jacobin Club, a prominent political club during the French Revolution. Both of these philosophers have influential writings on the social contract theory.  John Locke’s Second Treatise on Government contains some essential elements of how a government should work in respect to one’s natural rights but in a larger context, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s approach to government is more appealing in my view.

Özet:

Kültür, geniş kapsamının yanında indirgemeci özelliği yüzünden tanımlaması zor bu kavramdır. Kelimenin anlamı üzerine ortaya atılan görüşlerin yanında kavramla ilgili tespitler ve yorumların ortaya atıldığı, bunlara yeni görüşlerin de eklendiği ‘Kültür Yorumları’ adlı çalışma ile kültür kavramındaki anlam karmaşasını çözmek için Terry Eagleton önemli noktalara değinmiştir. Kültür krizlerinin yanında kültür savaşları gibi kavramlar açıklanarak bu konular üzerine yapılan yorumların ardından kültürün doğa ile ilişkisi ve ortak kültür kavramlarından bahsedilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyoloji, Kültür, Kültür Sosyolojisi, Terry Eagleton, Edward Sapir, Raymond Williams, Devlet, Kültürel İncelemeler

Abstract:

Culture is a concept that is difficult to define because of its reductive feature besides its wide scope. In addition to the ideas put forward on the meaning of the word, Terry Eagleton touched upon the important points in order to solve the confusion in the concept of culture with the work ‘The Idea of Culture’ where the determinations and interpretations about the concept and new ideas were added to them. In addition to the cultural crises, concepts such as cultural wars are explained and the relationship between culture and nature and common culture concepts are discussed.

Keywords: Sociology, Culture, Sociology of Culture, Terry Eagleton, Edward Sapir, Raymond Williams, Government, Cultural Studies

Public service (public service) is one manifestation of the functions of the state apparatus as a public servant, public service meant to prosper their community or country. A professional public service, it means that the public service is characterized by a lack of accountability and responsibility of service providers (government officials). This study aimed to improve the quality of public services, especially in Coronavirus occurs this era.

Technological achievements of the 21th century has affected all aspects of social, political, cultural, Educational, and religious. In the field of education, education reform must be done in order to remain relevant to contemporary circumstances. Therefore, vigorous research activities carried out by the government, namely the Ministry of Education and Culture, education practitioners, students and professors of the universities, and teachers at the school.

En el presente apartado se tratan distintas cuestiones relacionadas con la adopción de las tecnologías de información dentro del Estado. Pero no pretende ser para nada un documento técnico, de hecho no lo es. Por el contrario, fue escrito en un lenguaje ameno y pensando en todas aquellas personas que están interesadas en la temática, independientemente cuál sea su área de conocimiento. No importa si los lectores son informáticos, archivistas, abogados, empleados, funcionarios, o cualquier otra autoridad.

Asimismo, proponemos distintos conceptos que resultan de interés para aquellos que poseen diversos perfiles dentro de los organismos públicos ya sean político, de gestión, u operativo. Resulta también de interés para cualquier ciudadano de a pie que periódicamente se relaciona con las administraciones públicas. La idea principal de este documento es la reflexión a través de la puesta a consideración de distintos criterios de adopción de tecnologías de información que debemos contemplar aquellos que trabajamos en organismos públicos. Basándonos en un ejemplo puntual de proyecto de innovación que involucra la adopción de tecnología de información dentro del Estado, como lo es la despapelización, tratamos de manera conceptual distintos criterios de adopción específicos de estas tecnologías dentro de un contexto y desarrollamos un concepto fundamental muchas veces desestimado, el modelo funcional.

En una primera instancia se presentan los antecedentes de aquello, consideramos, representa el contexto actual de las tecnologías de información. Posteriormente, reflexionamos sobre las relaciones del ciudadano con la administración pública, y cómo esta última debe mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Una vez descripto esto, nos ocupamos de los criterios de adopción genéricos y específicos de dichas tecnologías, destacando el rol que cumple el modelo funcional en los proyectos de innovación tecnológica del Estado. Por último presentamos lo que entendemos resulta el verdadero desafío para nosotros los empleados públicos, a los que llamaremos colaboradores públicos.

Este ensayo entonces, es escrito en el marco de la investigación: Políticas públicas y gobierno público en Medellín, estrategias de consolidación del derecho público con perspectiva territorial. Esta Investigación es desarrollada por el grupo de investigación de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana de Medellín, que desde el principio ha tenido como propósito fortalecer la línea de investigación de Derecho Público que caracteriza.a esta Facultad, mostrando la relación íntima existente entre las políticas públicas y el Derecho público, debido a que una vez se toma la decisión que da origen a la política pública, ésta se materializa, en la mayoría de los casos, a través de normas que entran a jugar parte dentro de lo que se considera como Derecho Público. Estas normas, además, son las que en determinados momentos le asignan a la sociedad la posibilidad de intervenir, así sea indirectamente, en la toma de decisiones por parte del Estado, siendo entonces esta intervención condición sin la cual no se podría hablar de la existencia de dichas políticas.

This essay, then, is written in the frame of the research: Public policies and public government in Medellín, strategies to consolidate public law with a territorial perspective. This research is carried out by the research group from the School of Law of the Autónoma Latinoamericana University from Medellín, which, from the beginning has hadas its purpose the strengthening of the line of research for Public Law1 which characterizes this school; showing the intimate relationship existing between public policies and public law since1 once a decision is made public policy is born. This materializes, in most ofthe cases1 through rules that play roles in what is considered Public Law.

Bu eğitim programında Facebook ve Instagram'da siyasetle ilgili reklam yayınlamak isteyenlerin tamamlaması gereken adımlar açıklandı. Konuyla ilgili destek alınabilecek kanallar paylaşıldı. 2 Eylül 2020 Çarşamba günü saat 16:00 - 17:30 saatleri arasında ve Türkçe olarak gerçekleştirilen eğitim ücretsiz olup tüm siyasi partilerin ilgililerinin ve onlar adına reklam yayınlayan yetkili kişilerin katılımına açıktı.

5 Ağustos 2020 tarihinden itibaren, Facebook platformlarında yayınlanacak siyasi reklamlar için Türkiye’nin de içinde bulunduğu 33 yeni ülkede daha reklam şeffaflığı uygulamaları zorunlu hale geldi. Söz konusu değişiklik Haziran 2019 tarihinden itibaren çok sayıda ülkede aşamalı olarak yürürlüğe konan şeffaflık politikasının bir parçasıydı.

Facebook ve Ürün Ailesi'nde siyasetle ilgili reklam yayınlamak isteyenler gerekli yetkilendirme adımlarını tamamlamalı, reklam için ödeme yapan kişi veya kurum hakkında bilgiler içeren feragatnameyi oluşturmalı ve yayınlanan reklamların yedi yıl boyunca herkese açık Reklam Kütüphanesinde bulunacağını kabul etmesi gerektiği paylaşıldı.

Sorular ve yetkilendirme için [email protected] adresi üzerinden iletişime geçebilirsiniz.

Devrim sonrasında İran’da tesis edilen dine dayalı devlet anlayışı hazırlanan anayasayla kurumsal bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Din adamlarından oluşan İranlı yönetici elitler, klasik İslam devleti anlayışını modern devlet yapısına uyarlamaya çalışmıştır. Devlet Başkanının bir din adamı olmasını öngören bu devlet modelinde, yürütme erkinin yetkileri de anayasada Devrim Rehberi olarak tanımlanan otorite ile halk tarafından seçilen Cumhurbaşkanı arasında paylaşılmıştır. Benzer bir örneği görülmeyen bu devlet modelinin işleyişinde birtakım sorunların yaşanması kaçınılmazdır. 1989’da yapılan anayasa değişikliğiyle iktidar Devrim Rehberi ile Cumhurbaşkanı arasında taksim edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda hem Devrim Rehberi’nin hem Cumhurbaşkanının görevlerinde önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Devrim Rehberi devletin başı ve Başkomutan sıfatıyla erkler üstü bir konumda mutlak otorite şeklinde yeniden tanımlanırken Cumhurbaşkanı da ikinci en yüksek siyasi otorite ve yürütme erkinin başı olarak tanımlanmıştır.

The environmental damage in Kalimantan from year to year is getting worse. It is not just a problem for the people of Kalimantan, but this is a national issue and a problem for all parties. Natural disasters that occur, such as smog, forest fires, landslides, and floods, haunt the people of Kalimantan and are unlikely to be over in the near future. Existence of this, the author tries to describe the performance of government institutions in managing the environment and disaster in Kalimantan. It is also not forgotten that the author explains the relationship between the government and civil society that is engaged in environmental issues, especially civil society organizations that have been around for a long time and are known to many people. Such as Greenpeace, WWF Indonesia, YFCC Indonesia, and WALHI. After examining it, it will be seen how the real relationship is between government institutions and civil society. So, this paper can be a reference for how the government should deal with environmental issues on the island of Kalimantan, which have not yet found a bright spot.

The cultivable land is decreasing continue due to infrastructure  development in the form of buildings, roads, canals, parks etc. This all is happening only for growing populations of the country. The land is shrinking and depleting water resources, the challenge of the new millennium is to increase biological yields to feed the ever-growing
population without destroying the ecological foundation. It is thus
important not to package this challenge as a demand or imposition of society on farmers, for which farmers would bear the cost, but as a necessity and methodology to also sustain their welfare and incomes. India has the potential to meet these challenges. This potential can be realized through policy and infrastructure support from the government and by strengthening proactive synergies among the various sectors that play influential roles in the field of agriculture and rural development. The National Policy on Agriculture seeks to actualize the vast untapped growth potential of Indian agriculture, strengthen rural infrastructure to support faster agricultural development, promote value addition, accelerate the growth of agro-business, create employment in rural areas, secure a fair standard of living for the farmers and agricultural workers and their families, discourage migration to urban areas and face the challenges arising out of economic liberalization and globalization.

Sejarah penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah sejak Indonesia merdeka diwarnai dengan tarik ulur besaran kewenangan penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta pemerintah provinsi dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Tarik ulur kepentingan dalam hal kewenangan ini dapat digambarkan sebagai dinamika otonomi daerah sebagai dominasi kewenangan sebagaimana tersirat dalam setiap undang-undang yang dilahirkan.
Dalam era reformasi, ditandai dengan bangkitnya demokrasi, cara-cara pengelolaan pemerintahan pun berubah secara besar-besaran, diawali dengan dilakukannya amandemen UUD Tahun 1945. Salah satu agenda penting dalam penataan pemerintahan ini adalah penataan otonomi daerah, penerapan asas desentralisasi kewenangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah untuk menuju Indonesia Baru. Sudah saatnya pemerintah daerah diberi kepercayaan lebih, pemerintah pusat hanya sebagai pembimbing dan fasilitator dalam rangka penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah.
Pasang surut dan tarik ulur penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah tersebut tidak berhenti hingga saat ini, lahirnya UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 secara besar-besaran mengkoreksi terhadap penyelenggaraan pemerintahan pusat dan daerah terkait penyelenggaraan kewenangan urusan pemerintahan. Koreksi terhadap fenomena yang terjadi sejak berlakunya UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004, diantaranya lahirnya raja-ratu kecil di daerah (sebenarnya terlahir sejak UU Nomor 22 Tahun 1999), kontrol yang masih sulit dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat terhadap pemerintah daerah, hingga tidak adanya kesatuan gerak dalam rangka penyelenggaraan pembangunan secara nasional, daerah melaksanakan masing-masing pola pembangunannya tanpa mengikuti alur pembangunan nasional dan lain sebagainya. UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 dirasakan terlalu kompleks terkait pengaturan-pengaturan di dalamnya, undang-undang ini dipecah menjadi tiga undang-undang, yaitu UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, UU Nomor 22 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota, dan UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.

Nasionalisme dapat saja menjadi substitusi bagi suatu "negara dunia", apabila didudukkan sebagai proses konvergensi yang bergerak dari bawah; dalam arti bahwa penemuan identitas nasional melalui nasionalisme tidak semata diperlakukan sebagai realitas statik sebagaimana yang biasa ditimbulkan oleh peran kekuasaan negara yang eksesif. Negara harus diperlakukan tak lebih sebagai sebuah instrumen, yang keberadaannya tergantung pada kebaikan hati warga negara, dan bukan sebaliknya. Dalam contoh, bukan karena Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) lantas negara "menciptakan" warga negara, tetapi karena individuindividu warga negaralah --melalui kontrak sosial sebagaimana disebutkan Rousseau -negara diakui eksistensinya. Bertentangan dengan postulat ini jika seseorang digaruk dan diamankan hanya karena terbukti tidak membawa KTP.

Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP) adalah laporan pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara yang disusun sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah. LKPP diterbitkan setiap tahun, dan pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 2004. Atas LKPP tersebut diaudit dan diberikan opini oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) sesuai dengan amanah UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan Pertanggungjawaban Keuangan Negara.
BPK memberikan opini Wajar Dengan Pengecualian (WDP) terhadap hasil audit atas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP) tahun 2015. Ditemukan 6 permasalahan yang menyebabkan pengecualian dalam LKPP tahun 2015 tersebut, 2 di antara enam masalah tersebut hanya dapat diselesaikan dengan rekonsiliasi transaksi keuangan antara satuan kerja dengan KPPN secara periodik dan analisis/telaah terhadap laporan keuangan yang disusun satuan kerja dari tingkat bawah sampai paling atas.
Ditjen Perbendaharaan meluncurkan aplikasi rekonsiliasi berbasis web yang bernama Aplikasi e-Rekon&LK. E-Rekon&LK singkatan dari elektronik rekonsiliasi dan laporan keuangan adalah aplikasi berbasis web yang dikembangkan dalam rangka proses rekonsiliasi data transaksi keuangan dan penyusunan laporan keuangan Kementerian Negara/Lembaga. Dengan e-Rekon&LK, rekonsiliasi menjadi lebih mudah, terbentuk single database, dan dapat dilaksanakan secara tepat waktu dan di mana saja menggunakan jaringan internet sesuai slogan dari e-Rekon&LK yaitu easy, simple, accountable. Data valid hasil rekonsiliasi digunakan untuk penyusunan laporan keuangan tingkat wilayah sampai dengan tingkat Kementerian/Lembaga. Penggunaan data dengan single database pada e-Rekon&LK menyebabkan tidak diperlukan lagi rekonsiliasi tingkat wilyah sampai dengan Kementerian/Lembaga. Perbedaan data satuan kerja dengan unit akuntansi di atasnya dapat diatasi dan penyusunan laporan keuangan menjadi lebih cepat. Monitoring satuan kerja juga dapat dilakukan dengan cepat pada Aplikasi e-Rekon&LK. Karena aplikasi e-Rekon merupakan aplikasi berbasis web, maka UAPPA-W, UAPPA-E1 dan UAPA bisa memantau/menelaah laporan keuangan UAKPA sepanjang waktu selama masa penyusunan laporan keuangan.
Tahun 2016 adalah pertama kalinya LKPP mendapatkan opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP) semenjak 12 tahun LKPP pertama kali disusun dan diaudit. Pencapaian opini tertinggi dalam laporan keuangan tersebut salah satunya karena keberhasilan dalam penyelesaian suspen, perbedaan realisasi belanja negara yang dilaporkan Kementerian/Lembaga dengan yang dicatat oleh Bendahara Umum Negara. Keberhasilan tersebut dilakukan dengan membangun single database melalui Aplikasi e-Rekon&LK dan sistem informasi penyusunan LKPP yang lebih baik, sehingga tidak ada lagi suspen yang signifikan pada LKPP 2016.
Terdapat beberapa hal yang diperbaiki, yaitu upaya untuk meminimalkan nilai suspen dan ketersediaan dukungan dalam melakukan penelusuran atas terjadinya suspen, serta proses rekonsiliasi data pajak dan bea cukai. Data suspen tahun 2016 memang masih ada namun tidak signifikan. Walaupun demikian tetap akan menjadi perhatian untuk diperbaiki sehingga benar-benar suspen mencapai nol. Dibandingkan dengan data suspen laporan keuangan tahun anggaran sebelumnya, suspen-suspen tersebut hanya diketahui nilai total dan netto serta tanpa dapat dirinci satker-satker mana yang menyumbang suspen. Pada e-Rekon&LK nilai suspen dapat dirinci sampai dengan unit terkecil penyumbang suspen dan memungkinkan pula untuk ditelusuri sampai dengan level akun dengan melihat data BAR dan LHR masing masing satuan kerja.
E-Rekon memiliki peran yang besar atas pencapaian opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP) LKPP. Dari penjelasan di atas, maka penulis tertarik untuk meninjau rekonsiliasi di KPPN Tegal. Sehingga penulis mengambil judul “TINJAUAN ATAS IMPLEMENTASI REKONSILIASI DALAM PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DI APLIKASI E-REKON&LK PADA KPPN TEGAL”.

Los últimos años hemos asistido a un momento convulso en la política española. La crisis económica, el ciclo de protestas iniciado el año 2011 y la emergencia de nuevos partidos políticos han marcado un periodo caracterizado por el sentimiento negativo de la ciudadanía hacia la política. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a comprender mejor ese rechazo hacia la política, desde la percepción que tiene la ciudadanía y desde las alternativas que esta imagina. ¿El rechazo que se tiene hacia la política se traduce en un deseo por participar más? ¿Se prefieren técnicos en el gobierno? ¿O se dejan las cosas como están? El libro explora esta relación amor-odio hacia la política.

In this article, I propose a new framework for understanding the administrative structure of France under Philip IV. I focus on baillis and seneschals, who were two types of major officials governing local districts (bailliages or sénéchaussées) in France by the late thirteenth century. Baillis were usually located in the northern part of France, while seneschals were found in the south. It has been generally assumed that, despite their different titles, baillis and seneschals had almost identical functions in royal administration. I call this overly simplified understanding into question, and suggest that baillis and seneschals had completely different administrative functions, reflecting the different characteristics of bailliages and sénéchaussées. In the bailliages, under the direct control of the king, baillis and their subordinate officials were delegated a small portion of the king's power ("a qualitative division of royal power" was made). In the sénéchaussées outside the direct protection of the king's military power, seneschals were entrusted with full royal powers, including that of military force ("a quantitative division of royal power" was made).

A fines del año 2015, con el inicio el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, emerge un nuevo discurso público que destaca el rol del sector privado como el factor dinamizador del crecimiento económico del pais. “Lluvia de inversiones”, “segundo semestre” y el “mini-Davos argentino”, comenzaron a ser lugar comunes que promovían el crecimiento del mundo empresarial como referencias auspiciosas del porvenir. A su vez, el Estado se configuró como una institución que debe mejorar su eficiencia y reducir el exceso (“la grasa”, indicó Prat Gay en una entrevista) de empleados en la administración pública.

Pero, ¿qué estereotipos emergen al hablar del sector privado? ¿Como ven al empresariado los Argentinos? ¿Cuál es la opinión de la sociedad argentina sobre el empleo público y el empleo privado como ámbitos de trabajo? I

Aquí argumentamos que si bien la falta de un partido institucionalizado fue un activo durante la campaña para que Humala pudiera convertirse rápidamente en una suerte de socialdemócrata latinoamericano, esto se convierte en un pasivo para un Gobierno que busca implementar demandas redistributivas. La ausencia de organización y el contrapeso de las demandas antirredistributivas impedirán al Gobierno —siempre y cuando las condiciones actuales se mantengan— “la gran transformación” soñada por los intelectuales cercanos al presidente, por lo cual los avances en materia social serán moderados y sobre todo, sin afectar los intereses de las elites económicas.

RESUMEN
Este artículo es una revisión del devenir político peruano durante el 2013. El Perú es una democracia sin partidos sostenida en un Estado débil, lo que si bien limita la capacidad de los políticos para establecer vínculos estables con la ciudadanía, no ha afectado seriamente la estabilidad del régimen político. Por un lado, una élite política desprestigiada, precaria y fragmentada coexiste con una influyente tecnocracia económica, fortalecida por los buenos resultados económicos del país en los últimos años. Por otro, esta brecha entre Estado y sociedad hace que la sorprendente (y precaria) estabilidad peruana coexista con signos de descontento entre sectores urbanos que rechazan el sistema político y se ven asediados por la inseguridad ciudadana, mientras que en zonas rurales se registren fragmentados episodios de
movilización que dan cuenta de la contracara del crecimiento económico, sostenido en la extracción y exportación de materias primas.

ABSTRACT
This paper is a review of the main political events of 2013 in Peruvian politics. Peru is a democracy without parties sustained in a weak state, which limits the capacity of politicians to establish stable linkages with citizens, but has not had serious consequences for the stability of the political regime. On the one hand, this discredited, fragile and fragmented political elite coexists with an influential economic technocracy, strengthened by the good economy performance of recent years. On the other, this gap separating state and society makes the surprising (and precarious) Peruvian stability coexist with signs of discontent among urban sectors which reject the political system and are besieged by insecurity; while, the existence of fragmented episodes of mobilization in rural areas show the flipside of economic growth sustained in the boom of commodities.

*En la presente comunicación se plantea un análisis sobre las complejas y nada explicitas
relaciones de poder, connivencia, y penetración en estructuras e instituciones que se
desarrollan en el África subsahariana entre los gobiernos, instituciones públicas y
privadas y los servicios de inteligencia. El análisis plantea la estructura de redes de
colaboración y los sistemas de poder que durante los últimos treinta años han podido
dificultar los cambios estructurales en ciertas regiones y favorecer a su vez la lógica de
“El poder por el poder”. Analizaremos las estructuras geopolíticas, las relaciones de
dependencia con las antiguas metrópolis, las estructuras sociales, los procesos explícitos
e implícitos de educación y los modelos cognitivos por los que consideramos que en el
África subsahariana encontramos un paradigma de Inteligencia especifico.
**In the present paper presents an analysis of the complex and no explicit relations of
power, collusion, and penetration into structures and institutions that are developed in
sub-Saharan Africa between governments, public and private institutions and the
intelligence services. The analysis points out the structure of collaborative networks and
power systems during the last thirty years have been difficult structural changes in
certain regions and to promote in turn the logic of "power for power." Analyze the
geopolitical structures, relations of dependence on former colonial social structures, explicit and implicit processes of education and cognitive models for which we consider
that in sub-Saharan Africa found a specific intelligence paradigm.

The purpose of this research is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current forms of cooperation between government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in emergency management in the Czech Republic, while presenting a detailed overview of the key criteria of the effective Czech model, which could be potentially used by other organizations or countries. Previous research has focused on cooperation between government and NGOs in flood risk management, but emergency management concerns more than floods. The scope has been expanded to include volunteer firefighters and rescue workers, the other NGO players in emergencies in the Czech Republic. The research presents an overview of the cooperation between the Czech government and NGOs in various forms of emergency management. Using document review and a series of interviews with emergency management experts, several aspects of cooperation were considered: formalization, timing, level, and type. The research findings demonstrate that some emergency management activities can be very effectively performed by NGOs and their volunteers. In the Czech Republic, integration into the national Integrated Rescue System guarantees a minimum standard of performance. Since volunteers work for free and their work has much lower expenses, they perform their activities in a more cost-effective way than the state. However, this is not valid for the whole emergency management system, but only for such activities that can be assigned to volunteers when there are enough willing volunteers and the NGOs and their volunteers are formally integrated into the rescue system. The Czech experience could be interesting for other countries, particularly post-communist countries, because all emergency systems work with information, and the human factor plays a role everywhere. Thus, it is concluded that some basic aspects of cooperation in Czech emergency management, focused on sharing information and strengthening mutual trust and awareness, could be considered as universal.