TW200734317A - A process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide - Google Patents
A process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200734317A TW200734317A TW95147793A TW95147793A TW200734317A TW 200734317 A TW200734317 A TW 200734317A TW 95147793 A TW95147793 A TW 95147793A TW 95147793 A TW95147793 A TW 95147793A TW 200734317 A TW200734317 A TW 200734317A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- olefin
- oxygen
- catalyst
- relative
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 190
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 120
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 amine Ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobutane Chemical compound BrCCCCBr ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSFOBCQEJRZRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])CCC.NN Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CCC.NN XSFOBCQEJRZRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003931 anilides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJBSBWHRTPMXSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO.CCO CJBSBWHRTPMXSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
200734317 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用於烯烴之環氧化之方法。本發明亦 關於一種用於製備可衍生自烯烴氧化物之化學品之方法。 詳言之,該化學品可為1,2-二醇、丨,2_二醇醚、丨,2_碳酸酯 或烷醇胺。 【先前技術】 壞氧乙烧及其他烯經氧化物為重要之工業化學品,盆用 作製造諸如乙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇醚、碳酸乙二酯、乙 醇胺及清潔劑之化學品的原料。一種用於製造烯烴氧化物 之方法為藉由烯烴環氧化,亦即以氧進行烯烴之催化性部 分氧化作用而得到烯烴氧化物。如此淆製造之烯烴氧化物 可與水、醇、二氧化碳或胺反應,以產生二醇、1 2_ 二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺。該丨,孓二醇、匕孓二醇醚、 1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之產生通常係與稀烴氧化物之製造分 開進行,在任何情況下該兩種製程一般在獨立反應器中進 在烯烴裱氧化過程中,使含有烯烴及氧之饋料通過保持 在特定反應條件下之反應區尹所含之催化劑床。市售環氧 化反應器通常為殼管式熱交換器形式,其中複數個大體上 平订伸長、相當狹小之管子内充填有成形之催化劑顆粒以 形成真料床,且其中該殼含有冷卻劑。無論所用環氧化催 化劑之類型為何,在商業操作中内部管徑常常在2〇至4〇 mm範圍内,且每個反應器之管子數目可在數千範圍内變 117075.doc 200734317 化,例如高達12,000個。 烯烴環氧化通常係以相對低之烯烴轉化率及氧轉化率而 進行。通常應用未轉化烯烴及氧之再循環以增強該方法之 經濟性。通常該饋料另外包含大量所謂壓載氣體以有助於 * 爆炸極限以外之操作。壓載氣體包括飽和烴,詳言之為甲 • 燒及乙烷。因此,再循環通常涉及對大量包括未轉化烯 烴、未轉化氧及壓載氣體之製程物料流之處理。在烯烴環 / 氧化工薇中通常應用之再循環物料流處理亦相當複雜,因 為其中涉及到烯烴氧化物回收、二氧化碳移除、水移除及 再增壓。使用壓載氣體不僅會增加處理成本,且亦會降低 ' 環氧化反應速率。 -環氧化催化劑通常在成形載體材料上含有催化活性物 質,通常為第11族金屬(詳言之為銀)及促進劑組份。成形 之載體材料通常經仔細選擇以滿足(例如)強度及耐磨性、 表面積及孔隙率之要求。成形之載體材料通常係藉由將所 ^ 選無機材料燒結直至達到其具有所要性質之程度而製得。 在環氧化期間,催化劑會有效能衰減,此本身代表催化 劑之活性及形成所要烯烴氧化物之選擇性的損失。為了回 應活性之損失,環氧化反應溫度可加以升高以使得烯烴氧 化.物之生產率得以保持。但市售反應器之操作一般就反應 溫度而言有其限制,且當已達到適當溫度限制時必須中斷 烯烴氧化物之製造,以便將原有之環氧化催化劑裝料換成 新鮮裝料。 Λ 若能有改良之環氧化方法及改良之環氧化反應器,將具 117075.doc -7 - 200734317 有極大價值。 【發明内容】
本發明提供如此之改良環氧化方法及改良環氧化反應 器。本發明之實施例利用包含複數個微通道(下文中為"製 程微通道")之反應器。該等製程微通道可經調適以便在該 等微通道内可進行環氧化反應且視情況進行其他過程,且 使得其與適於含有熱交換流體之通道(下文中為"熱交換通 道··)處於熱交換關係。包含製程微通道之反應器在本文中 係藉由使用術語"微通道反應器"來稱啤。如本文中所用之 術語”第11族"係指元素週期表中之第U族。 在一實施例中,本發明提供一種用於烯烴環氧化之方 法’其包括使包含烯烴及氧之饋料在一微通道反應器之一 或多個製程微通道中所含有之環氧化催化劑存在的情況下 發生反應’及應用特定條件使該饋料發生反應以便使烯烴 轉化率或氧轉化率為至少90莫耳%。 在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種用於製備U —二醇、 1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法,該方法包含·· 使包含烯烴及氧之饋料在一微通道反應器之一或多個製 程微通道中所含有之環氧化催化劑存在的情況下發生反應 以形成稀煙氧化物,及應用特定條件使該饋料發生反應以 便使烯烴轉化率或氧轉化率為至少9〇莫耳%,及 使用水、醇、二氧化碳或胺使該烯烴氧化物轉化以形成 該1,2-二醇、該1,2-二醇醚、該I、碳酸酯或該烷醇胺。 【實施方式】 117075.doc 200734317 使用根據本發明之微通道反應器導致下列優勢中之一或 多者: 在製程微通道中進行之環氧化可實現以氧或烯烴氧化物 之高轉化率水平進行操作。尤其當該製程係以高烯烴轉化 率水平進行時,以單程操作來操作該環氧化製程係有利 的’其意謂不必再循環物料流。另外,在此情況下可將空 氣代替自空氣分離之氧氣而饋入製程微通道中係有利的, 其可消除對於空氣分離單元之需要。 在製程微通道内驟冷烯烴氧化物可採用之操作條件若應 用於一習知殼管式熱交換器反應器時可能已在曝炸極限 内。本發明之操作條件可藉由在製程微通道内使氧富集饋 料組份與烯烴富集饋料組份接觸而達成,該氧富集饋料組 份及該烯烴富集饋料組份一般在爆炸極限以外。在製程微 通道内之驟冷亦能減少諸如醛及羧酸之副產物的形成。 在製程微通道内進行稀烴環氧化可在該等製程微通道内 達成驟冷並使同時形成之二氧化碳與至少一部分所產生之 烯烴氧化物轉化,以及視情況而定可使包含未轉化烯烴氧 化物及1,2-碳酸酯之液體(通常為水)混合物冷凝。就其組 成而言,剩餘之氣態物料流可能包含未轉化乙烯及氧而適 於再循環。此可降低進一步處理產物及再循環物料流之複 雜性,消除了對於(例如)烯烴氧化物回收單元及二氧化碳 移除單元之需要。 在製程微通道内之環氧化可有利地在烯烴、氧及烯烴氧 化物之較高總濃度條件下進行,其可導致較高環氧化率 117075.doc -9- 200734317 及/或較低環氧化反應溫度。降低環氧化反應溫度可導致 改良選擇性及改良催化劑壽命。採用稀烴、氧及稀烴氧化 物之較高總濃度條件亦可不必使用塵載氣體,從而提供更 有效之處理及再循環成本之降低。
在製程微通道内進行烯烴環氧化可實現在該等相同製程 微通道内使所形成之烯烴氧化物轉化為1,2-二醇、l,2-二 醇謎、1,2-破酸醋或烧醇胺。此可消除對用於該進一步轉 化之額外反應器之需要。其亦可消除對於稀烴氧化物回收 單元及/或二氧化碳移除單元之需要,且其可減少對於熱 交換設備之需要。因此,其可降低在製造廠中習知例如用 於產物回收之額外處理的複雜性。在製程微通道内烯烴氧 化物之轉化亦減少了諸如醛及羧酸之副產物的形成。 適用於本發明之微通道反應器及其操作已在W〇_A_ 2004/099113、WO-A-Ol/12312、WO-Ol/54812、US-A- ―, 6440895、US-A-6284217、|JS-A-6451864、US-A-6491880、 US-A-6666909 - US-6B11829 > US-A-6851171 - US-A-6494614、US-A-6228434及 US-A-6192596 中描述,該等案 以引用之方式、併入本文中。如在该等參照案中所述之製造 微通道反應器、裝載催化劑及操作之方法通常可適用於本 發明之實施。 參看圖1,微通道反應器100可包含一製程頂蓋1〇2、複 數個製程微通道104及一製程腳座108。該製程頂蓋ι〇2為 流體提供一流人製程微通道104中之過道。該製程腳座& 為流體提供一自製程微通道104流出之過道。 117075.doc -10 - 200734317 -微通道反應器中所含之製程微通道數可極大。例如, 該數目可多達ίο5個,或甚至多達1〇6個或多達2χΐ〇6個。通 常,製程微通道數可為至少10個或至少1〇〇個,或甚至至 少1000個。 該等製程微通道通常平行排列,例如其可形成—平面微 通道陣列。該等製程微通道可具有至少一多達15 mm之高 度或寬度之内部尺寸,例如0 05至10 _,尤其為0」至5 mm,更尤其為〇·5至2 mm。高度或寬度之另一内部尺寸可 為(例如)0·1至100 cm,尤其為〇 2至75 cm,更尤其為〇 3至 50 cm。該等製程微通道之長度可為(例如}1至5〇() em,尤 其為2至300 cm,更尤其為3至2〇〇他或5至1〇()⑽。 微通道反應器100另外包含與製程微通道104進行熱交換 接觸之熱交換通道(未在圖1中展示)。該等熱交換通道亦可 為微通道。該微通道反應器經調適以便使熱交換流體可自 熱交換頂蓋110經由熱交換通道流至熱交換腳座112。該等 熱交換通道可經對準以提供_對於製程微通道104中之流 動而&在並流、逆流或(較佳)交叉流方向上之流動。該交 叉流方向係如箭頭il4及116所示。 該專熱父換通道可具有至少一多達15 mm之高度或寬度 之内部尺寸,例如0·05至10 mm,尤其為〇.1至5,mm ,更尤 其為0·5至2 mm。高度或寬度之另一内部尺寸可為(例 如)0.1至100 cm,尤其為〇·2至75 cm,更尤其為0.3至50 cm。該等熱交換通道之長度可為(例如)丨至5〇(r ,尤其 為2至300 cm ’更尤其為3至200 cm或5至100 cm。 117075.doc . π. 200734317 製程微通道104與最近相鄰熱交換通道之間的間距可處 於0·05 mm至5 mm、尤其〇.2至2 mm之範圍内。 在本發明之一些實施例中,提供第一熱交換通道及第二 熱交換通道,或第一熱交換通道、第二熱交換通道及第三 熱交換通道,或甚至多達第五熱交換通道或甚至更多熱交 換通道。因此,在此等情況下存在複數個熱交換通道組, 且因此可存在複數個熱交換頂蓋U〇及熱交換腳座112,藉 以該等熱交換通道組可適於自熱交換頂蓋u〇接收熱交換 流體且將熱交換流體傳遞至熱交換腳座112中。 製程頂蓋102、製程腳座1〇8、熱交換頂蓋11〇、熱交換 腳座112、製程微通道1〇4发熱交換通道可’獨立地由任何提 供足夠強度、尺寸穩定性及熱轉移特徵之結構材料製成, 以允許根據本發明之方法之操作。合適之結構材料包括 (例如)鋼(例如不銹鋼及炭鋼)、蒙乃爾合金(m〇nel)、鈦、 銅、玻璃及聚合物組合物。熱交換流體之種類對於本發明 並不重要,且該熱交換流-可選自多種種類。合適之熱交 換流體包括蒸汽、水、空氣及油。在包括複數個熱交換通 道組之本發明實施例中',該等熱交換通道組可以不同熱交 換流體或以具有不同溫度之熱交換流體進行操作。 根據本發明之微通道反應器可包含複數個包含一或多個 製程微通道及一或多個熱交換通道之重複單元。現參看圖 2,其展示一典型重複單元犮芦操作。 製程微通道210具有一上游端220及一下游端23〇,且可 包含一第一區240,該區可令有催化劑(未晝出),例如環氧 117075.doc -12-
200734317 化催化劑。第一區240可與第一熱交換通道25〇進行熱交換 接觸,允許製程微通道210之第一區24〇與第一敎 ' -之間的熱交換。該重複單元可包含第—赖料:道 其經由一或多個第一孔280終止於第一區24〇中,通常一或 多個第一孔280可定位於相對於另一第—孔28〇之下游。在 操作期間’包含稀烴及氧氣之饋料可經由上游端22〇中一 開口及/或經由第一饋料通道26〇及一或多個第一孔進 入製程微通道210之第一區24〇中。 製程微通道2H)可包含—可適於或可不適於含有催化劑 之第二區340。如本文中所,,第二區34。可含有或可不含 有催化劑。第二區340係定位於第一區24〇之下游。第二區 340可與第二熱交以道35Q進行熱交㈣觸,允許製:微 通道210之第二^34〇與第二熱交換通道⑽之間的孰交 換。在-些實施例中’第二區34〇適於藉由與第二教交換 ,道350中之熱交換流體之熱交換來驟冷在第-區㈣中獲 得且自第-區240接收之烯烴氧化物”在存在複數個(例如 兩個或三個或四個)第二熱交換通道说之情況下可以一 或多個階段達成驟冷。該複數個第二熱交換通道咖可適 於含有具有不同溫度之熱交換流體,詳言之以便在第二區 上’與含以有較低溫度之熱交換流二 第一熱父換通道350發生熱交換。該重複單元寸包含第二 饋料通道广〇’其經由一或多個第二孔38〇終止於第二區 3辦。在操作期間,㈣可自製程微通❸ 經由第二饋料通道36〇及—或多個第二孔3 117075.doc -13- 200734317 Γ1 中〇1通常—或多個第二孔⑽以位於相對於另一第二 …下游。在其中第二區340適於可供烯烴氧化物至 眚2醇由、1,2-二_、1,2·碳酸醋或燒醇胺之轉化使用的 實施例中’在操作期間經由第二饋料通道⑽及一或多個 進人之饋料可包含水、醇、二氧化碳或胺。催 ’’、可經由第二饋料通道360及一或多個第二孔饋 入°若需要,則可能存在具有—或多個第二孔(未畫出)之 第二饋料通道獨立組(未畫出),以適於饋料及催化劑之 立饋入。 第一及第二饋料通道260或360與第一及第二孔28〇或 口藉Μ <多個第一或第二孔28〇或38〇分別定位於另 一第一或第二孔280或38〇之下游,以允許對反應物之補 充。反應物之補充為本發明之一些實施例中的特徵。 製程微通道210可包含一中間區44〇,其定位於第一區 240之下游及第二區34〇之上游。中間區44〇可與第三熱交 換通道450進行熱交換接觸,允許叙程微通道21〇之中間區 440與第三熱交換通道45〇之間的熱交換。在一些實施例 中,例如在其中第二區34〇適於可供烯烴氧化物至丨口-二 醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2“碳酸酯或烷醇胺之轉化使用的實施 例中,中間區440適於藉由與第三熱交換通道45〇中之熱交 換流體之熱交換來驟冷在第一區240中獲得且自第一區24〇 接收之烯烴氧化物。在存在複數個(例如兩個或三個或四 個)第三熱交換通道450之情況下,可以若干階段達成驟 冷。該複數個第三熱交換通道450可適於含有具有不同溫 117075.doc -14- 200734317 度之熱交換流體,詳言之以便在中間區44〇之下游方向 上,與含有具有較低溫度之熱交換流體的第三熱交換通道 450發生熱交換。 ' mm之高 饋料通道可為微通道。其可具有至少一多達15 度或寬度之内部尺寸 例如0·05至10 mm,尤其為〇1至5 mm’更尤其為〇.5至2贿。高度或寬度之另一内部尺寸可 為(例如)0.1至1〇〇 cm’尤其為〇2至75⑽,更尤其為〇3至
5〇 Cm。該等饋料通道之長度可為(例如)1至250 cm,尤其 為2至150 cm ’更尤其為3至1〇〇 cm或5至5〇⑽。 製程微通道區之長度可彼此獨立地根據(例如)所需熱交 換容量或該區中可含有之催化劑量而進行選擇。該等區之 長度較佳為至少1 em,或至少2 em,或至少5⑽。該等區 之長度較佳為至多250 cm,或至多15〇 cm,或至多1〇〇 cm,或至多50 cm。該等區之其他尺寸係由製程微通道21〇 之相應尺寸所支配〇 本發明之微通道反應器可使用已知技猜、來製造,例如習 知機械加工、雷射切割、成型、衝壓及蝕刻以及其組合。 本發明之微通道反應器可藉由形成其中特徵經移除以允許 流通之薄片而製造。藉由使用已知技術,例如擴散黏結、 雷射焊接、冷烊、擴散釺焊及其組合,可將該等薄片之堆 宜進行組裝以形成一積體裝置。本發明之微通道反應器包 含適當之頂蓋、腳座、_、㈣及其他特徵以控制反應 物之輸入、產物之輸出及熱交換流體之流動。該等者未在 圖式中顯示,但其可由熟習此項技術者容易地提供。亦存 117075.doc -15- 200734317 在其他熱交換設備(未圖示),其用於饋料之溫度控制,尤 其用於在饋料或饋料組份進入製程微通道前將其加熱,或 用於產物之溫度控制,尤其用於在產物已離開製程微通道 後將其驟冷。如此之其他熱交換設備可與微通道反應器整 合在一起,但其更通常地將為獨立設備。該等者未在圖式 中顯示,但其可由熟習此項技術者容易地提供。可例如藉 由使用環氧化製程之反應熱用於加熱饋料組份或用於其他 加熱目的來應用熱整合。 通常,在環氧化反應條件下,環氧化催化劑為固體催化 劑。該環氧化催化劑及任何其他適當固體催化劑可藉由任 何已知技術裝置於製程微通道之指定區中。該等催化劑可 • 在製程微通道之指定區中形成填料床,且/或其可在製程 微通道之指定區的至少一部分壁上形成塗層。熟習此項技 術者將理解該塗層將定位於製程微通道之内壁上。另外, 該等催化劑中之一或多者可為可置於製程微通道之指定區 • 中之插入物上的塗層形式塗層可藉由任何沈積方法來製 備,諸如薄塗法或氣相沈積。在一些實施例中,該環氧化 催化劑在環氧化條件下可能不為固體催化劑,在此情況下 該環氧化催化劑可與環氧化饋料之一或多種組份一同饋至 製程微通道之指定區,且可隨環氧化反應混合物穿過該等 製程微通道。 可用於本發明之環氧化催化劑通常為包含一或多種第11 族金屬之催化劑。第u族金屬可選自由銀及金組成之群。 該第11族金屬較佳包含銀。詳言之,根據銀金屬之重量相 117075.doc -16 - 200734317 對於第11族金屬總重量(按金屬計)而計算,第η族金屬包 含量為至少9〇%w之銀,其更尤其為至少95%w,例如至少 99%w或至少99.5%w。通常,環氧化催化劑另外包含一或 多種促進劑組份。更通常,環氧化催化劑包含第丨丨族金 屬、一或多種促進劑組份及額外之一或多種包含一或多種 其他元素之組份。在一些實施·例中,環氧化催化劑可包含 載體材料,在該材料上可沈積第Η族金屬、任意促進劑組 份及任意包含一或多種其他元素之組份。合適促進劑組份 及包含一或多種其他元素之合適組份及合適載體材料可如 下文中所描述。 在一實施例中,一種在一微通道反應器之一或多個製程 微通道中裝置環氧化催化劑之方法包含將分散於基本上無 水之稀釋劑中之該環氧化催化劑分散體系引入該或該等製 程微通道中,及移除該稀釋劑。 該基本上無水之稀釋劑可為液體,或其可呈氣體形式。 如本文中所用,對於液體稀釋劑,”基本上無水"意謂該稀 釋劑之水含量相對於該稀釋劑重量而言為至多2〇%w,尤 其至多10%w,更尤其至多5%w,例如至多2%w,或甚至 至多l〇/〇w,或至多〇.5〇/ow。詳言之,對於氣體稀釋劑,,,基 本上無水”意謂存在於製程微通道中時該稀釋劑處於露點 溫度以上。相較於應用含水稀釋劑之情況,該稀釋劑中大 體上或完全無液態水使得催化劑能夠在裝置期間更佳地維 持其在形態、組成及性質中之一或多個方面之完整性。合 適之基本上無水之液體稀釋劑包括有機稀釋劑,例如烴、 117075.doc -17- 200734317 鹵化烴、醇、酮、醚及酯。合適之醇包括(例如)甲醇及乙 醇。可存在於該液體稀釋劑中之催化劑的量相對於該催化 劑與該液體稀釋劑之總重量而言可處於1至50%w、尤其2 至30%w之範圍内。
合適之基本上無水之氣相稀釋劑包括(例如)空氣、氣 氣、氮氣及'一氧化碳。可存在於該氣相稀釋劑中之催化劑 的量按照該催化劑重量相對於該氣相稀釋劑體積而計算可 處於10至500 g/卜尤其22至300 g/Ι之範圍内。 存在於分散體系中之環氧化催化劑可藉由粉碎習知之成 形催化劑且繼而視情況加以篩分而獲得。存在於分散體系 中之該催化劑之粒徑通常為如此以便使d5G處於01至1〇〇 μηι、尤其0.5至50 μιη之範圍内。如本文中所用稱為"d5〇"之 平均粒徑係如藉由Horiba LA900粒徑分析儀量測,且表示 存在大於及小於該所述平均粒徑之顆粒的相等球當量體積 時之顆粒直徑。該量測方法包括藉由超音處理來分散顆 粒,由此使次級顆粒分解為初級顆粒。持續該超音處理直 至dso值無進一步可察覺之變化,當使用Horiba LA900粗徑 分析儀時此通常需要5分鐘超音處理。較佳地,該環氧化 催化劑包含具有如此之尺寸以便使其穿過一具有大小為製 程微通道最小尺寸之至多50%、尤其至多30%之開口的筛 之顆粒。 習知之成形環氧化催化,劑通常包含經分散於成形載體材 料上的第11族金屬、一或多種促進劑組份及視情況之一或 多種包含其他元素之組份。就第11族金屬、促進劑組份及 117075.doc -18 - 200734317 包含其他元素之組份之量而言,合適載體材料、合適促進 劑組份、合適之包含其他元素之組份及合適催化劑組合物 可如下文中所描述。 另外,且較佳地,存在於分散體系中之環氧化催化劑係 如本文中所述來製備。
可將該催化劑分散體系引入,以便在一或多個製程微通 道之指定區中形成催化劑填充床,或另外以便使該等區之 至少一部分壁為催化劑所覆蓋。在前者情況下,在引入該 催化劑分散體系之前,可先將一支撐設備(例如篩或級配 微粒材料)置於該或該等製程微通道之指定區的下游部分 中,以支撐該催化劑且防止其進,一步向下游移動。在後者 情況下,可在組裝製程微通道之前或之後將催化劑沈積於 製程微通道壁上,或催化劑寸存在於經置於製程微通道之 指定區中的插入物上。 存在於製程微通道之第一區中之第u族金屬總量對於本 發明並不重要,且可在廣泛範圍内進行選擇❶通常,第u 族金屬之總量可在10至500‘kg/m3反應器體積之範圍内,更 通常在5〇至4〇0 kg/m3之範圍内,尤其在1〇〇至3〇〇 kg/m3之 範圍内,其中反應器體積係由製程微通道為環氧化催化 劑、填料床之存在及/或壁上環氧化催化劑之存在所佔據 部分之橫截面積及總長度而界定的總體積。為避免疑義, 如此所定義之反應器體積不包括不包含環氧化催化劑之製 程微通道的部分。在其中饋料包含總量為至少5〇莫耳❶/〇之 稀經及氧氣的本發明之實施例中,第11族金屬之總量可在 117075.doc -19· 200734317 5至250 kg/m3反應器體積之範圍内,更通常在2〇至2〇〇 kg/m3之範圍内,尤其在50至150 kg/m3之範圍内,其中反 應器體積如上文中定義。 在一實施例中,本發明提供一種製備微粒環氧化催化劑 之方法,該方法包含沈積第11族金屬及一或多種促進劑組 份於具有一孔徑分佈以便使具有0.2至10 μιη範圍内之直徑 之孔隙為總孔隙體積之至少70%的微粒載體材料上。
用於本發明之載體材料可為天然或人工無機材料;且其 可包括耐火材料、碳化矽、黏土、沸石、炭及驗土金屬碳 酸鹽,例如碳酸鈣。較佳為耐火材料,諸如氧化鋁、氧化 鎂、氧化锆及二氧化矽。最佳材料為ίχ-氧化鋁。通常,載 體材料包含相對於載體重量而言為至少85%w、更通常至 少90°/dw、尤其至少95%w之α-氧化紹,往往包含高達 99.9%w之α-氧化鈕。α-氧化鋁之其他組份可包含(例如)二 氧化矽、鹼金屬組份(例如納及/或鉀組份)及/或鹼土金屬 組份(例如舞及/或鎂組份)。 載體材料之表面積相,對於載體重量而言可適當地為至少 〇·1 m2/g,較佳為至少〇·3 m2/g,更佳為至少0·5 m'g,且 尤其為至少0·6 ηι2/έ ;且該表南積相對於載體重量而言可 適當地為至多10 m2/g,較佳為至多5 m2/g,且尤其為至多 3 m2/g。如本文中所用之"表面積"係理解為係關於如藉由
Journal of the American Chemical Society 60 (1938)第 309- 3 16頁中所述之台.E-l^Brunauer,Emmett and Teller)方法測 定之表面積。高表面積載體材料,尤其當其為視情況另外 117075.doc -20- 200734317 包含二氧化矽、驗金屬及/或鹼土金屬組份之α-氧化鋁時, 提供改良效能及操作穩定性。 該載體材料之吸水率通常在0.2至0.8 g/g之範圍内,較佳 在0.3至0·7 g/g之範圍内。較高吸水率可有利於更有效地沈 積第11族金屬、促進劑沈積及包含一或多種元素之組份。 如本文中所用之吸水率係根據ASTM C20量測,且將吸水 率表示為相對於載體重量而言可吸收至載體孔隙中之水的 重量。
微粒載體材料可具有一孔徑分佈以便使具有0.2至1〇 範圍内之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體積之至少70%。如此相對 狹窄之孔徑分佈可有助於催化劑之活性、選擇性及耐久性 中之一或多者。耐久性可與維持催化劑活性及/或維持選 擇性有關。如本文中所用之孔徑分佈及孔隙體積係如使用
Micromeretics Autopore 9200 型(130〇 接觸角,汞具有 0.473 N/m之表面張力,且對汞壓縮進行校正)藉由達3〇xl〇8 pa 之壓力的壓汞法(mercury inirusion)來量測。 較佳地,該孔徑分佈係如此以便使具有〇·2至i〇 範圍 内之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體積之75%以上,尤其80%以 上,更佳85%以上,最佳90%以上。通常,孔徑分佈係如 此以便使具有0.2至10 μιη範圍内之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體 積之99·9%以下,更通常為99%以下。 ν 較佳地,該孔徑分佈係i此以後使具有0.3至10 μπχ範圍 内之直徑之孔隙為具有0.2至10 μιη範圍内之直徑的孔隙所 佔之孔隙體積的75%以上,尤其為80%以上,更佳85%以 117075.doc -21 - 200734317 上,最佳90°/。以上,尤其高達ι〇〇〇/〇。 通常’該孔徑分佈係如此以便使具有小於〇 .2 μιη之直徑 之孔隙為總孔隙體積之1〇。/。以下,尤其為5%以下。通常, 具有小於0·2 μιη之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體積之〇.1%以上, 更通常為0.5%以上。
通常’該孔徑分佈係如此以便使具有大於丨〇 μιη之直徑 之孔隙為總孔隙體積之20%以下,尤其為10%以下,更尤 其為5%以下。通常,具有大於1〇 μιη之直徑之孔隙為總孔 隙體積之0.1%以上,尤其為0.5%以上。 包含一或多種經分散於載體材料上之第U族金屬的環氧 化催化劑在該第11族金屬含量相對於該催化劑重量而言為 至少10 g/kg時展現明顯之催化活性。該催化劑較佳包含量 為50至500 g/kg、更佳1〇〇至400 g/kg之第11族金屬。 促進劑組份可包食一或多種選自銖、鎢、鉬、鉻及其混 合物之元素。該促進劑組份較佳包含作為其元素之一的 銖。 該促進劑組份通常可以按照元素(亦即銖、鎢、鉬及/或 鉻)總量相對於第11族金屬重量而計算為至少〇.〇5毫莫耳/ kg、更通常至少0·5毫莫耳/kg及較佳至少1毫莫耳/kg之量 存在於環氧化催化劑中。’該促進劑組份可以按照元素總量 相對於第11族金屬重量而計算為至多250毫莫耳/kg、較佳 至多50毫莫耳/kg、更佳至多25毫莫耳/kg之量存在。該促 進劑組份可得以沈積之形式對本發明並不重要。例如,該 促進劑組份可適當地作為氧化物或作為氧1陰離子(例如, H7075.doc -22- 200734317 作為銖酸鹽、高銖酸鹽或鎢酸踏、 夂盥)以鹽或酸之形式提 供。
當環氧化催化劑包含含鍊促進·份時,鍊通常可以按 照元素量相對於第U族金屬重量而計算為至少〇 5毫莫耳/ kg、更通常至少2.5毫莫耳/kg及較佳至少5毫莫耳/kg、、尤 其至少7·5毫莫耳㈣之量存在。基於相同算法,銖通常係 以至多25毫莫耳/kg、較佳至多15毫莫耳/kg、更佳至多ι〇 毫莫耳/kg、尤其至多7.5毫莫耳/kg之量存在。 另外’當環氧化催彳b#丨包含含鍊促進劑組份時該催化 劑可較佳包含銖共促進劑,作為沈積於載體上之其他組 份。該銖共促進劑可適當地選自包含選自鎢、鉻、鉬、 硫、鱗、棚及其混合物之元素的組份。該鍊共促進劑較佳 係選自包含m硫及其混合物之組份。該鍊共促 進劑尤其較佳包含鎢作為元素。 該鍊共促進劑通常可以按照元素(亦即鎢、鉻、鉬、 硫、磷及/或硼之總量)相對於第丨丨族金屬重量而計算為至 少0·05毫莫耳/kg、更通常至少〇·5毫莫耳/kg及較佳至少2.5 毫莫耳/kg之總量存在。基於相同算法,該銖共促進劑可 以至多200毫莫耳/kg、較隹至多50毫莫耳/kg、更佳至多25 毫莫耳/kg之總量存在。該銶共促進劑可得以沈積之形式 對本發明並不重要。例如,其可適當地作為氧化物或作為 氧陰離子(例如,作為硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽或鉬酸鹽),以鹽或 酸之形式提供。 環氡化催化劑較佳包含第11族金屬、促進劑組份及包含 117075.doc -23- 200734317
其他元素之組份。適當之其他元素可選自氮、氟、鹼金 屬、鹼土金屬、鈦、铪、鍅、釩、鉈、鉦、鈒、鈮、鎵及 鍺及其混合物之群。鹼金屬較佳係選自鋰、鉀、铷及絶。 驗金屬最佳為鋰、鉀及/或鉋。鹼土金屬較佳係選自約及 鋇。通常,該其他元素係以按照元素相對於第丨丨族金屬重 $而什真為0·〇5至2500毫莫耳/kg、更通常〇·251至5〇〇毫莫 耳/kg之總量存在於該環氧化催化劑中。該等其他元素可 以任何形式提供。例如,驗金屬鹽或驗土金屬鹽為合適。 如本文中所用,存在於環氧化催化劑中之鹼金屬的量被 認為係在其可使用去離子水於1 〇〇°C下自該環氧化催化劑 中得以萃取之範圍内的量。該萃取方法包含藉由在1〇〇。〇 下於每份為20 ml之去離子水中加熱5分鐘將1〇公克催化劑 樣品萃取三次,及藉由使用已知方法(例如原子吸收光譜) 在經組合萃取物中測定相關金屬。 如本文中所用,存在於環氧化催化劑中之鹼土金屬的量 被認為係在其可使用去離子水中之10%w碗酸於1〇〇下自 該環氧化催化劑中得以萃取之範圍内的量。該萃取方法包 含藉由與每份為100 ml之10%w硝酸一起蒸煮3〇分'鐘 (1 atm,亦即101.3 kPa)來對10公克催化劑樣品進行萃取, 及藉由使用已知方法(例如原手吸收光譜)在經組合萃取物 中測定相關金屬。參考US-A-5801259,該案以引用之方式 併入本文中。 用於於載體材料上沈積第11族金屬、該或該等促進劑組 份及該或該等包含其他元素之組份的方法在此項技術中為 117075.doc -24- 200734317 已知,且該等方法可應❹本發明之實施l可參考仍 a-5380697、US_A_5739075、EP a_266〇i5 及 us b 6368998,該等案以引用之方式併入本文中。該等方法適 當地包括以包含陽離子第u族金屬_胺錯合物及還原劑之 液體混合物浸潰微粒載體材料。 在一些實施例中,本發明係關於用於烯烴環氧化之方 法,其包含使包含烯烴及氧氣之饋料在一微通道反應器之 一或多個製程微通道中所含有的如上文所述之環氧化催化 劑存在的情況下發生反應。 用於本發明之烯烴可為芳族烯烴,例如苯乙烯;或共軛 或非共軛之二烯烴,例如i,9_癸二烯或丨,弘丁二烯。可使 用烯烴混合物。通常,該烯烴為單烯烴,例如孓丁烯或異 丁烯。該烯烴較佳為單α烯烴,例如^ 丁烯或丙烯。最佳 之烯烴為乙婦。 用於本發明之環氧化製程之饋料皂含烯烴及氧氣。如本 文中所用,對於一製程之饋料應理解為代表饋入其中發生 所述製程之製程微通道區中的反應物及其他組份之總和。 一些饋料組份可經由製程微通道21〇之上游端22〇中的一開 口饋至環氧化製程中。一些饋料組份可經由第一饋料通道 260及一或多個第一孔28〇饋入。例如,烯烴富集饋料組份 可經由製程微通道之上游端中的開口饋入,而氧氣富集饋 料組份可經由第一饋料通道及該或該等第一孔饋入。或 者’氧氣富集饋料組份可經由蓼程微通道之上游端中的開 口饋入,而烯烴富集饋料組份可經由第一饋料通道及該或 117075.doc -25· 200734317 该等第""孔饋入。特定饋料組份可經由製程微通道之上游 端中的開口且經由第一饋料通道及該或該等第一孔镇入。 例如,烯烴可部分經由製程微通道之上游端中的開口饋 入,且部分經由第一饋料通道及該或該等第一孔饋入。又 例如,氧氣可部分經由製程微通道之上游端中的開口饋 入,且部分經由第一饋料通道及該或該等第一孔饋入。 在-實施例中,氧氣s集饋料組份可在製程微通道内與 烯烴富集饋料組份接觸。該氧氣富集饋料組份中通常相對 缺乏婦te。該氧氣富集饋料組份可包含相對於該氧氣富集 饋。料組份總量而言量通常為至少5莫耳%、尤其至少1〇莫 ·) Ιί、Μ其至少15莫耳%且相對於該氧氣富集饋料組份 …言量通常為至多⑽莫耳%、或至多99 9;莫耳%、或 至多的.8莫耳%之氧氣。該氧氣富集饋料組份可包含相對 於該氧氣富集饋料組.份總量而言量通常為至多$莫,耳%、 尤其至多1莫耳%之婦烴。該氧氣事集饋料組份通常可。處 :爆::限ί外。該烯烴富集饋料芦份中通常相對缺乏氧 二料組份可包含相對於該稀烴富集饋料組 伤一…常為至少2〇莫耳%、尤其至少25莫 =其至少30莫耳%且相對於該烯煙富 份。而 言量通常為至多⑽莫耳%、或至 ;= ".8莫耳%之軸。該稀烴富集饋料扭份可包含相 稀烴富集饋料組份總臺而言量通常為至多Μ莫耳^於該 :多10莫耳%、更尤其至多5莫耳%之氧氣。:二 料組份通常可處於爆炸極限之外。, 、集饋 117075.doc -26- 200734317 在存在複數個第一孔280,且一或多個第一孔ago定位於 另一第一孔280下游之情況下,可大體上補充經轉化反應 物。例如,補充經轉化氧氣可導致饋料中之氧氣濃度可沿 環氧化催化劑長度大體上保持恆定,此可有利於烯烴之大 • 體上完全的轉化。另外,烯烴濃度可藉由補兔經轉化烯烴 , 而大體上保持恆定,此可有利於氧氣之大體上完全的轉 化。 ) 此外,在本發明之一態樣中,藉由經不同通道饋入烯烴 •富集饋料組份及氧氣富集饋料組份且以製程微通道效應混 合該等饋料組份,饋料組合可在製程微通道内完成,而在 - 製程微通道之外該等饋料組合可導致爆炸。 ‘ 有機幽化物可作為反應改'質劑存在於馈料中,以便相對 於烯烴氧化物之所要形成而言提高選擇性,抑制烯烴或烯 烴氧化物至二氧化碳及水之非所要的氧化過程。該有機鹵 化物可作為液體或蒸汽饋入。該有機自化物可經由製程微 ^ 通道210之上游端220中的一開口或經由第一饋料通道260 及一或多個第一孔280與其他饋料组份分別饋入或一同饋 入。經由複數個第-孔饋入有機_化物之一態樣為,沿著 環氧化催化劑之長度有機以化物之含量可增加,由此可根 據EP-A-35285G之教示來控制環氧化催化劑之活性及/或選 擇性,該索以引用之方式併入本文中。例如,當使用含鍊 環氧化催化劑時’該環氧化催化劑之活性可沿著該舉氧化 催化劑之長度而增強。此可允許相較於饋入氧氣及婦煙之 區域而言在氧氣或烯烴空乏之區域中對環氧化催化劑之利 117075.doc -27- 200734317 用更佳。 有機鹵化物尤其為有機漠化物,且更尤其為有機氣化 物。較佳之有機齒化物為氯烴或溴烴。其更佳係選自由氣 甲烷、氯乙烧、二氣化乙烯、二溴化乙烯、氯乙烯或其混 合物之群。氣乙燒及二氣化乙晞為最佳。
除有機參化物外’可採用有機或無機氮化合物作為反應 改質劑,但此通常為次佳。應認為在環氧化製程之操作條 件下,含氮反應改質劑為硝酸鹽或亞頌酸鹽之前驅體(例 如參考EP-A-3642及US-A-4822900,該等案以引用之方式 併入本文中)。可採用有機氮化合物及無機氮化合·物。合 適有機氮化合物為硝基化合物、,迮硝基化合物、胺、硝酸 鹽及亞硝酸鹽,例如硝基甲烷、硝基丙烷或孓硝基丙 烧。合適無機氮化合物為(例如)氮氧化物、肼、胲或氨。 合適之氮氧化物具有通式NOx,其中X處於1至2之範圍内, 且包括(例如)NO、N2〇3及N2〇4。 有機齒化物及有機或無機氮化合物在以較低總濃度(例 如相對於總饋料而言為至多0·01莫耳❶/〇)使用時,作為反應 改質劑通常係有效的。該有機齒化物較佳係以相對於總饋 料而言為至多5〇xl〇-4莫+ 〇/0、尤其至多2〇χΐ〇·4莫耳%、更 尤其至多15x1 (Γ4莫耳%且相對於總饋料而言為較佳至少 〇·2χ1〇·4莫耳%、尤其至少〇·5χ1〇·4莫耳%、更尤其至少 lxur4莫耳%之濃度存在。 . 除烯烴、氧氣及有機齒化物外,饋料可另外包含一或多 種其他組份,例如飽和烴(作為壓載氣體)、惰性氣體及二 117075.doc -28- 200734317 氧化碳。該或該等其他組份可經由製程微通道21〇之上游 端220中的一開口或經由第一饋料通道26〇及一或多個第一 孔280與其他饋料組份分別饋入或一同饋入。 饋料中之烯烴濃度可在一廣泛範圍内選擇。通常,饋料 , 中之烯烴濃度相對於總饋料而言將為至多80莫耳%。基於 相同算法,其較佳將處於〇·5至70莫耳❶/。、尤其工至⑼莫耳 %之範圍内。 、 饋料中之氧氣濃度可在一廣泛範圍内選擇。通常,所應 用之氧氣濃度將處於總饋料之1至15莫耳%、更通常2至12 莫耳%之範圍内。 " 飽和烴包含(例如)甲烷及乙烷。除非在本文中另外說 ‘ 明,否則飽和烴可以相對於總饋料而言為至多80莫耳%、 尤其至多75莫耳%之量存在,且通常其係以基於相同算法 為至少30莫耳%、更通常至少4〇莫耳%之量存在。 二氧化碳可存在於饋料中,此係,因為其係由於烯烴及/ ^ 或烯烴氧化物之非所要的氧化而形率,且其因此可存在於 #循環物料流中所存在之饋料組份中。二氧化碳通常對催 化劑活性具有不利参響。二氧化碳之量相對於總饋料而言 有利地為(例如)低於2莫耳%,較佳低於丨莫耳%,或在〇·2 至1莫耳%之範圍内。 惰性氣體包括例如氮氣或氳氣。除非在本文中另外說 明,否則惰性氣體、可以30至90莫耳%、通常4〇至8〇莫耳 之濃度存在於饋料中。 本發明之環氧化方法可為基於空氣或基於氧氣的,參看 117075.doc -29- 200734317 ’’Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology",第 3 版,第9卷,1980 ,第445-447頁。在基於空氣之方法中, 採用空氣或s含氧氣之空氣作為氧化劑源;而在基於氧氣 之方法中,採用高純度(至少95莫耳%)氧氣作為氧化劑 源。目前多數環氧化工•廠係基於氧氣的,且在本發明之特 疋實施例的實施中其為較佳。本發明之其他實施例的優勢 在於可將空氣作為氧化劑源饋入製k程中。 可使用選自一廣泛範圍之反應溫度來進行環氧化製程。 該反應溫度較佳處於150至340°C之範圍内,更佳在18〇至 325 C之範圍内。通常,存在於第一熱交換通道中之熱轉 移液體可具有通常低於該反應溫度〇 5S1〇〇C之溫度。 如上文中所揭示,環氧化催化劑在使用期間可能經受效 能衰減。為減少,、活性衰減效應,可逐漸地咸、'以複數個升溫 步進升南反應溫度,例如以〇1至2〇。〇、尤其〇·2至1〇。〇、 更尤其0·5至5°C之升溫步進。反應溫度之總增量可處於1〇 至140C、更通常20至、1〇〇。〇之範圍内。當環氧化催化劑之 活f生已降低,而使用新鮮環氧化催化劑或經更新環氧化催 化劑時,反應溫度通常可自15〇至3〇〇。〇、更通常2〇〇至 280 C之範圍内的溫度水平升高至23〇至34〇。(:、更通常24〇 至325C之範圍内的溫度水平。 、 該環氧化製程較佳在如於製程微通道21〇之上游端22〇處 量測處於1000至3500 kPa範圍内的壓力下進行。 離開含有環氧化催化劑之製輕微通道區之烯烴氧化物係 包含在可進一步包含未反應烯烴、未反應氧氣及其他諸如 117075.doc -30- 200734317 二氧化碳之反應產物的反應混合物中。通常,在反應產物 中烯烴氧化物之含量一般處於丨至25莫耳%、更通常2至2〇 莫耳。/。、尤其2至5莫耳%之範圍内。 在一實施例中,該環氧化製程可包含使包含相對於總饋 料而言總量為至少50莫耳%之烯烴及氧氣的饋料發生反 應。在該實施例中,稀烴及氧氣可以相對於總饋料而言為 至少80莫耳%、尤其至少9〇莫耳%、更尤其至少%莫耳% 且相對於總饋料而言通常為至多99 5莫耳%、尤其至多99 莫耳%之總量存在於饋料中。烯烴與氧氣之莫耳比可處於 3至^100、尤其4至50、更尤其5至20之範圍内。飽和烴及惰 性軋體可大體上不存在。如本文_所用,在該内容中”大 體上不存在"意謂饋料中之飽和烴之量相對於總饋料而言 。為至多10莫耳%、尤其至多5莫耳%、更尤其至多2莫耳 %,且饋料中之惰性氣體之量相對於總饋料而言為至多10 莫耳/〇尤其至多5莫耳%、更尤其至多2莫耳%。在該特 定實施例中,可應用特定製程條件以便使環氧化反應混合 。物中之烯烴氧化物之量處於4至,15莫耳%、尤其5至丨2莫耳 %(例如6至1〇莫耳%)之範圍内。如本文中所述較佳將該包 括烯k氧化物之環氧化反應混合物加以驟冷。 在實施例中,本發明提供一種用於婦烴環氧化之方 =,其包含使包含埽烴及氧氣之饋料g一微通道反應器之 或多個製程微通道中所含有之環氧化催化劑存在的情況 T發生反應,及應用特定條件使該饋料發生反應以便使烯 烴轉化率或氧氣轉料為至少9G莫耳%。_轉化率可為 117075.doc -31- 200734317 至少90莫耳%,且氧氣轉化率可為至少%莫耳%。詳言 之,在該實施例令,饋料可包含相對於總饋料而言量為至 多50莫耳%的烯烴及氧氣,且該饋料可另外包含飽和烴(作 為壓載氣體)及惰性氣體。通常,應㈣定製程條件以便 使烯烴轉化率或氧氣轉化率為至少95莫耳q/。,尤其至少% 莫耳/〇’更尤其至少99莫耳% %如本文中所用,轉化率為 經轉化反應物相對於饋料十之反應物之量的^,其以莫耳 %表示。烯烴之轉化率較佳為至少95莫耳%,尤其至少98 莫耳更尤其至少99莫耳% ;且氧氣可至少部分地加以 補充。饋料中相對於烯烴而言過量氧氣之存在有助於達成 烯烴之高轉化率。例如.,在饋料中氧氣比烯烴之莫耳比可 為至少1·01,通常至少i.05,尤其至少iJ,更尤其至少 1·2 ;且例如至多5,尤其至多3,更尤其至多2。在該實施 例中,在烯烴至烯烴氧化物之轉化中達成相對較高的選擇 率。如本文中所用,選擇率為所形成之烯烴氧化物相對於 經轉化烯烴之量的量,其以莫耳%表示。此外,如此高之 烯煙轉化率使得該製程可經濟地以、單程模式進行,其意謂 不應用未轉化反應物之再循環;且可將空氣饋入環氧化製 程中,其意謂有效地消除對於空氣分離單元之需要。 在本發明之實施中,包括烯烴氧化物之反應產物可藉由 與熱交換流體之熱交換而驟冷。該驟冷可在製程微通道 210之第二區340中藉由與存在於一或多個第二熱交換通道 3 50中之熱交換流體熱交換而進行。通常,可將包括烯烴 氧化物之反應產物的溫度降至至# 250。〇、更通常至多 117075.doc -32- 200734317 225°C、較佳在20至200°C範圍内、更佳在50至190°C範圍 内、尤其在80至180°C範圍内之溫度。該驟冷可導致在50 至200°C、尤其70至160°C範圍内之溫度降低。驟冷可實現 增加環氧化製程饋料中之烯烴氧化物及氧氣之總量,且消 除對壓載氣體之需要或減少環氧化製程饋料中的壓載氣體 之量。驟冷之又一結果為所產生之烯烴氧化物為較純淨產 物,包含較少醛及羧酸雜質。
在一些實施例中,環氧化製程可包含: -如上文中所述,在一微通道反應器之一或多個製程微通 道210之第一區240中所含有之環氧化催化劑存在的情況下 使包含烯烴及氧氣之饋料發生反應,藉此形成包含烯烴氧 化物及二氧化碳之第一混合物; -以如上文中所述之相同方式,在定位於第一區240下游之 該或該等製程微通道210之中間區440中藉由與熱交換流體 之熱交換將該第一混合物驟冷,及 -在定位於中間區440下游之該或該等製程微通道210之第 二區340中使該經驟冷之第一混合物轉化,以形成包含烯 烴氧化物及1,2-碳酸酯之第二混合物。 由經驟冷之包含烯烴氧化物及二氧化碳之第一混合物形 成包含烯烴氧化物、及1,2-碳酸酯之箄二混合物的轉化通常 包含使至少一部分存在於第一混合物中之烯烴氧化物與至 少一部分存在於第一混合物中之A氧化碳反應以形成H 碳酸酯。通常’存在於第一混合物中之二氧化碳為環氧化 反應中共形成之一氧化石反。存在於第一混合物中之二氧化 117075.doc -33- 200734317
碳的莫耳量相對於每莫耳存在於該第一混合物中之婦烴氧 化物而言可處於0·01至1莫耳%、尤其〇〇2至〇·8莫耳%、更 尤其〇·〇5至0·6莫耳〇/❶之範圍内。用於烯烴氧化物與二氧化 碳之轉化的合適催化劑可為(例如)在苯乙烯/二乙烯苯共聚 物基質上包含齒化第四鱗基團或自化第四銨基團之樹脂, 其中該函化物可尤其為氣化物或溴化物。用於該轉化之該 等催化劑自 f· Nishikubo, A· Kameyama,J· YamashitdM
Tomoi, Journal of Polymer Science, Pt. A. Polymer Chemist, 939 - 947 (1993)中已知,該參考文獻以引用之方式,併 入本文中。用於垛烴氧化物與二氧化碳之轉化的其他合適 催化劑為(例如)南化第四鱗、鹵化第四鏔及特定金屬齒化 物。一實例為碘化,甲基三丁基鱗。溫度可處於3〇至 200 C、尤其50至150°C之範圍内。如上文中描述在第二饋 料通道處所量測,壓力可處於5〇〇至35〇〇 kpa之範圍内。 通常,至少50莫耳%、尤其至少8〇莫耳%、更尤其至少% 莫耳%之二氧化碳經轉化,例如至少98莫耳%,且在本發 明之實施中,通常至多99.9莫耳%者經轉化。 包括烯k氧化物之環氧化反應混合物可自製程微通道及 微通道反應器中退出,且使用習知方法及習知設備以習知 方式加以處理。分離系統〜可提供烯烴氧化物自任何未轉化 烯烴、任何未轉化氧氣、任何壓载氣體及二氧化碳中之分 離。諸如水之水性萃取流體可用於分離該等組份。含有烯 烴氧化物之經富集萃取流體可經進一步處理以回收烯烴氧 化物。所產生之烯烴氧化物可自經富集萃取流體例如藉由 117075.doc -34- 200734317 蒸餾或萃取而回收。包含任何未轉化烯烴、任何未轉化氧 氣、任何壓載氣體及二氧化碳且其中烯烴氧化物含量低之 混合物可經萃取以至少部分地移除二氧化碳。所得的低二 氧化奴含罝之混合物可加以壓縮、乾燥且再循環以作為本 * 發明之環氧化製程的饋料組份。 . 在本發明之環氧化製程中所產生之烯烴氧化物可藉由習 知方法而轉化為1,2-二醇、ι,2-二醇醚、1,2_碳酸酯或烷醇 胺0 轉化為1,2-二醇或1,2-二醇醚可包含(例如)以熱方法或藉 由使用可為酸性¥化劑或驗性催化劑之催化齊彳使環氧乙烧 與水反應。例如,對於主要製造二醇且較次要製造 , 丨,2_二醇醚而言,烯烴氧化物可在酸性催化劑(例如基於總 反應混合物為〇·5至l.〇%w之硫酸)存在情況下,在5〇至 70°C及100 kPa絕對壓力下與十梧莫耳濃度之過,量水發生液 相反應;或較佳在無催化劑存在情況下,在13〇至24(rc及 • 2000至4000 kPa絕對壓力下發生氣相反應。該大量水之存 在可有利於1,2-二醇之選擇性形成,且可充當反應放熱之 散熱物質(sihk),有助於控制反應溫度。若水之比例降 低,則反應混合物中ί,2- 乂醇醚之比例升高。由此所產生 之1,2-二醇醚可為二醚、三醚、四醚或後績醚。可藉由以 醇(尤其為第一醇,諸如甲醇或乙醇)取代至少一部分水來 使烯烴氧化物轉化,從而製備可選^—二醇醚。 藉由使烯烴氧化物與二氧化碳反應,可使烯烴氧化物轉 化為相應1,2-碳酸酯,若須要,則可藉由隨後使丨,2_碳酸 117075.doc -35- 200734317 酯與水或醇反應以形成1,2-二醇,從而製備1,2-二醇。關 於適用方法,參考US-A-6080897,該案以引用之方式併入 本文中。
轉化為烷醇胺可包含使烯烴氧化物與胺(諸如氨、烷基 胺或二烷基胺)反應。可使用無水氨或氨水。無水氨通常 用於協助單烷醇胺之製造。關於適用於使烯烴氧化物轉化 為烷醇胺之方法,可參考例如US:A-4845296,該案以引用 之方式併入本文中。 1,2_ —醇及1,2 -二醇謎(例如乙二醇、1,2 -丙二醇及乙二 醇謎)可用於多種工業應用,例如用在食品、飲料、煙 草、化妝品、熱塑性聚合物、固化樹脂系統、清潔劑、熱 轉移系統等領域中。1,2_碳酸酯(例如碳酸乙二酯)可用作 稀釋劑’尤其用作溶劑。舉例而言,乙釀莰可用於天然氣 之處理(脫硫)。 除非另外指定,否則本文中所提及之有機化合物,例如 烯L、醇、ι,2_二醇、1,2_二醇醚、丨,2·碳酸酯、乙醇胺及 有機齒化物’通常具有至多4〇個碳原子,更通常至多2〇個 碳原子’尤其至多1〇個碳原子,更尤其至多6個碳原子。 通吊,該等有機化合物具有至少一個碳原子。如本文中定 義,碳原子數(亦即碳數)之範圍包括對範圍界限指定之數 目。 下列實例意欲說明本發明之優勢而不意欲不當地限制本 發明之範疇。 實例 117075.doc -36- 200734317 該預示實例描述可如何實施本發明之一實施例。 一微通道反應器將包含製程微通道、第一熱交換微通 道、第二熱交換微通道及第一饋料通道。該等製程微通道 將包含一上游端、一第一區及一第二區。
第一區將適於與在第一熱交換微通道中流動之熱交換流 體進行熱交換。第二熱交換微通道將包含兩組適於與第二 區進行熱交換之第二熱交換微通道,以便在第二區之下游 部分可達成相較於第二區之上游部分更低之溫度。饋料微 通道將經由孔終止於製程微通道之第一區中。該等孔將以 大致相等之距離朝向第一區之下游方向自微通道之上游端 定位至第一區長度之三分之二,且在垂直方向上該等孔將 以大致相等之距離大致越過製程微通道之整個寬度而定 位。 根據本發明,第一區將包含包括經沈積於微粒載體材料 上之銀、銖、鎢、荦及鋰的環氧化,催化劑。該微粒載體材 料將為具有1·5 m2/g之表面積、〇·4 ml/g之總孔隙體積及特 定孔徑分佈(該孔徑分佈使得具有〇·2至1〇 μηχ範圍内之直徑 之孔隙為總孔隙體積之95%且具有0.3至10 μιη範圍内之直 徑之孔隙為具有0.2至10 μ’πι範圍内之直徑的孔隙所佔之孔 隙體積的92%以上)的α氧化鋁。 該微通道反應器將根據自WO-A-2004/099113及其中所引 用之參考文獻已知的方法而組裝。該載體材料將藉由薄塗 法而沈積於製程微通道之第一區的壁上。隨後將對製程微 通道進行組裝,且在組裝後將藉由使用自US-A-53 80697本 117075.doc -37· 200734317 身已知之方法沈積銀、銖、鎢、鉋及鋰於該載體材料上。 作為替代性選擇,該微通道反應器將無需預先之薄塗便 加以組裝,且在組裝後第一區將由微粒環氧化催化劑所填 充,該催化劑將藉由對可自CRI Catalyst Company, Houston,Texas,USA獲得之市售HS-PLUS環氧化催化劑進 行研磨及篩分而製備。
在任一替代方法中,將藉由與在第一熱交換微通道中流 動之熱交換流體之熱交換而在220°C下加熱第一區,同時 經由定位於製程微通道之,主游端處的一開口饋入乙烯。氧 氣與氯乙烷之混合物(以體積計3 ppm)將經由饋料通道饋 入。氧氣與乙烯之莫耳比將為1:1」。離開第一區且進入製 程微通道之第二區的混合物將在第二區中以兩個步驟被初 • / 始驟冷至150°C之溫度且隨後驟冷至80°C之溫度。乙烯及 氧氣之溫度及饋料速率將經調整以便使乙'稀之轉化率為97 莫耳。接著,將調整氧氣與氣乙烷之混合物中氣乙烷之 量,以便優化對環氧乙烧之選擇性。 可藉由移除二氧化碳及未轉化氧氣及乙烯來純化該環氧 乙烧富集產物。經純化環氧乙烷可使用水而轉化以得到乙 < 二醇。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示一微通道反應器及其主要構成之示意圖。 圖2展示一包含製程微通道及熱交換通道之重複單元及 其在用於本發明之實施時之操作之典型實例的示意圖。本 發明之微通道反應器可包、含複數個該等重複單元。 117075.doc •38- 200734317 【主要元件符號說明】 m
100 微通道反應器 102 製程頂蓋 104 製程微通道 108 製程腳座 110 熱交換頂蓋 112 熱交換腳座 114 箭頭 116 箭頭 210 製程微通道 220 上游端 230 下游端 240 第一區 250 第一熱交換通道 260 第一饋料通道 280 第一孔 340 第二區 350 第二熱交換通道 360 第二饋料通道 380 第二孔 440 中間區 450 第三熱交換通道 117075.doc -39-
Claims (1)
- 200734317 十、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種用於烯烴環氣化之古、土 ^ ^ t 之方法’其包括使包含該烯烴及氧 之饋料在冑通道反應II之—或多個製程微通道中所含 有之環氧化催化劑存在的情況下發生反應,及應用使該 饋料發生反應之條件以便使該稀烴轉化率或該氧轉化率 為至少90莫耳%。 2·如請求項1之方法’其中該環氧化催化劑包含相對於該 催化劑重量而言量為50至5〇〇g/kg之第㈣金屬。 3·如請求項2之方法’其中該催化劑包含相對於該催化劑 重量而S量為100至400 g/kg之該第11族金屬。 4.如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該環氧化催化劑包 含經沈積於一載體材料中之銀。 5·如請求項4之方法,其中該催化劑包含一或多種選自 銖、鎢、鉬、鉻及其混合物之元素作為促進劑組份,且 另外包含一或多種選自鋰、鉀及鉋之鹼金屬。 6·如請求項4或5之方法,其中該載體材料為氧化鋁,其具 有相對於該載體重量而言至少為〇·3 ^仏且至多為 10 m /g之表面積,且其具有之孔徑分佈為使〇 2至卩㈤ 範圍内之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體積之8〇%以上。 7·如明求項6之方法,其中該表面積相對於該載體重量而 言至少為0·5 m2/g且至多為5 m2/g,且該等具有〇 2至1〇 μιη範圍内之直徑之孔隙為總孔隙體積之9〇%以上。 •如請求項1至7中任一項之方法,其中該饋料包含相對於 總饋料而言總量為至少50莫耳%之該烯烴及氧。 117075.doc 200734317 e 9·如,求項8之方法,其中該饋料包含相對於總館料而 總量為80至99.5莫耳%之該烯烴及氧。 至 10·如明求項!至9中任一項之方法,其中該烯烴轉化率 少95莫耳。/。。 … 11. 如研求項1()之方法,其中該埽烴轉化率為至少98莫耳 12. 如請求項1G或11之方法,其中該方法另外包含至少部分 地補充氧。 、 a如睛求項1至12中任—項之方法,其中該饋料包含婦煙 與氧’且該烯烴及氧之莫耳比處於3至1〇〇之範圍内。 14.如請求項13之方法,其中該莫耳比係處於4至5〇之 内。 月长項1至14中任一項之方法,其中該饋料包含相對 於總馈料而言量為至多5莫耳%之飽和烴,且該饋料包含 相對於總饋料而言量為至多5莫耳%之惰性氣體。 % =請求項15之方法’其中該飽和烴之量相對於總饋料而 為至夕2莫耳/〇’且該惰性氣體之量相對於總饋料而言 為至多2莫耳%。 1 7·如凊求項1至16中任一 負之方法’其中該方法包含以一 单程模式進行該方法。 1 S·如請求項】至】7中 項之方法,其令該方法包含饋入 空氣作為氧源。 1 9·如請求項〗至J 8中 一 項之方法,其中該饋料另外包含 量為至多0.01莫耳%之反應改質劑。 117075.doc 200734317 $ 2〇·如μ求項19之方法,其中該反應改質劑為相對於總饋料 而。係以至少〇 2χ1〇-4莫耳%且至多5〇χΐ〇·4莫耳%之濃度 存在的有機齒化物。 21·如印求項2〇之方法,其中該反應改質劑為相對於總饋料 而a係以至少〇·5χ1(Γ4莫耳%且至多2〇χ1〇_4莫耳❶/❹之濃度 存在的有機_化物。 22·如研求項i至2丨中任一項之方法,其中該方法另外包含 在該等製程微通道之一下游區中將該反應產物驟冷。 23·如睛求項22之方法,其中該方法另外包含在該或該等製 程微通道中使該經驟冷之反應產物轉化,以形成包含該 稀烴氧化物及1,2-碳酸g旨之混合物。 24· —種用於製備ι,2-二醇、丨,;^二醇醚、丨,2_碳酸酯或烷醇 胺之方法,該方法包含: 藉由如請求項1至23中任一項之環氧化方法形成烯烴 氧化物,及 使用水、醇、二氧化碳或胺使該烯烴氧化物轉化以形 成該1,2-二醇、該1,2-二醇醚、該丨,2-碳酸酯或該烷醇 胺0 117075.doc
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- 2006-12-20 CA CA002572018A patent/CA2572018A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-20 RU RU2008130080/04A patent/RU2008130080A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 NL NL2000387A patent/NL2000387C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-20 JP JP2008547756A patent/JP2009521501A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 RU RU2008130083/04A patent/RU2008130083A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 CA CA002571808A patent/CA2571808A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-20 NL NL2000389A patent/NL2000389C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625423A patent/GB2433502A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 DE DE102006060395A patent/DE102006060395A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 IN IN2741DE2006 patent/IN2006DE02741A/en unknown
- 2006-12-20 BE BE2006/0632A patent/BE1017790A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-20 CA CA002571896A patent/CA2571896A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625425A patent/GB2433503A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062415 patent/WO2007076404A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-20 IN IN2743DE2006 patent/IN2006DE02743A/en unknown
- 2006-12-20 RU RU2008130082/04A patent/RU2008130082A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625420A patent/GB2433705A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 KR KR1020087017101A patent/KR20080082986A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 BE BE2006/0629A patent/BE1017787A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-20 TW TW95147793A patent/TW200734317A/zh unknown
- 2006-12-20 CN CNA2006800531979A patent/CN101384570A/zh active Pending
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- 2006-12-20 CN CNA2006800531697A patent/CN101379050A/zh active Pending
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- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062401 patent/WO2007076394A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2006-12-20 BE BE2006/0635A patent/BE1017793A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-20 DE DE102006060348A patent/DE102006060348A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 TW TW95147801A patent/TW200738663A/zh unknown
- 2006-12-20 CN CNA2006800531930A patent/CN101384569A/zh active Pending
- 2006-12-20 FR FR0655725A patent/FR2895405A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-20 RU RU2008130078/04A patent/RU2008130078A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062419 patent/WO2007076406A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2006-12-20 DE DE102006060406A patent/DE102006060406A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 FR FR0655718A patent/FR2895403A1/fr not_active Ceased
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- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062400 patent/WO2007076393A2/en active Search and Examination
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- 2006-12-20 EP EP06840326A patent/EP1979093A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 DE DE102006060352A patent/DE102006060352A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625416A patent/GB2433500A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062409 patent/WO2007076400A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062398 patent/WO2007076392A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625414A patent/GB2441527A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625418A patent/GB2433501A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 DE DE102006060354A patent/DE102006060354A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-20 KR KR1020087017103A patent/KR20080080181A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/US2006/062412 patent/WO2007076402A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-20 CA CA002571986A patent/CA2571986A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-20 GB GB0625415A patent/GB2433739A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-22 TW TW95148638A patent/TW200740522A/zh unknown
- 2006-12-22 TW TW095148637A patent/TWI412403B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-06-17 MX MX2008007849A patent/MX2008007849A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008000A patent/MX2008008000A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008001A patent/MX2008008001A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008007998A patent/MX2008007998A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008015A patent/MX2008008015A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008023A patent/MX2008008023A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008007999A patent/MX2008007999A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008025A patent/MX2008008025A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008024A patent/MX2008008024A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2008008026A patent/MX2008008026A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-23 IN IN5437DE2008 patent/IN2008DE05437A/en unknown
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