Classical Music

Classical Music

First art music LP by Tsippi Fleischer, containing her early work “Girl-Butterfly-Girl” (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

First art music LP by Tsippi Fleischer, containing her early work “Girl-Butterfly-Girl” (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Fleischer’s compositional style expresses the multi-culturalism to which she was exposed already during her childhood. She grew up in a Jewish-Arab environment, and the atmosphere of coexistence that characterizes Haifa, the city of her birth, naturally penetrated her works. Her broad musical education in the realm of classical and modern Western music, the music of all of the Jewish ethnic traditions, East and West, and Arab music, as well as her linguistic education in Hebrew, Arabic language and literature, and ancient Semitic languages, are all reflected in her works.

“The sources of my inspiration are rooted first of all in the surrounding atmosphere, in the smells of the street and in the Israeli landscape, as well as in the literature that arose from the cultures of the region and took hold of the soul . . . An original work is the mother of spiritual existence, and it is imprinted with the characteristic of rootedness. This arises from the artist’s surroundings from the moment of birth.”​

The transition from composing light music to classical music for the concert hall occurred, according to Fleischer, with the musical Alei Kinor (Upon a Fiddle) (based on the story by Shalom Aleichem), which she composed in 1974 and which to this day continues to be produced time and again. This dramatic 90-minute musical work was a peak in Fleischer’s expression in the light genre, and yet, demonstrated beyond a doubt that her place is in Classical music. From that moment to this day, Fleischer has composed over 100 works (of them, 30 are unnumbered, and can be found in the National Library Music Department Archives, MUS 121 A 30 "Pre-Opus" Folder in Tsippi Fleischer's collection), including music for solo instruments, music for orchestra and chamber ensembles, vocal music for choirs and solo voice, stage music (operas and oratorios), music on magnetic tape and multi-media productions.

Fleischer assimilated the “cultivation of memory of the Israeli and Jewish entity,” as she defines it, into many works that she composed, such as the Scenes of Israel – Six Madrigals (1981-1983) set to the words of Israeli poets; Oratorio 1492-1992 to mark the 500-year anniversary of the Spanish Inquisition (1991) in a work that integrates Jewish-liturgical traditions with Arab-Mizrahi traditions; “Mein Volk” (my nation) (1995) to the words of German-Jewish poet Else Lasker Schüler who died in Jerusalem; Be-Keytz Ha-Derachim (at the end of the ways) (1998-1999) to the poem by Uri Tzvi Greenberg; Symphony No. 5 (Israeli-Jewish Collage) (2002-2003) which includes, inter alia, music from the Kol Nidrei service sung by cantors from various Jewish ethnicities (Cochin, Iran, Syria, Kurdistan and Morocco), shofar blowing and excerpts from music by rock singer Shalom Hanoch; “The Mother” based on Sami Michael’s story, “Doves in Trafalgar,” and more.

 

Program for the launch event for a recording of Tsippi Fleisher’s music set to poems by Else Lasker-Schüler (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Program for the launch event for a recording of Tsippi Fleisher’s music set to poems by Else Lasker-Schüler (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

“I go through the Middle East as if I were proceeding along a rug in my own living room,” said Fleisher, regarding her personal commitment to the cultures of the area. Many of her works use Arabic literary texts, are based on Arab scales integrated with modulations and transformations in a Western contemporary musical style, and use instruments and voices inspired by the tones of the Arabic language, to the point that “an Arab spirit enters the work,” in the words of one of her critics.

One of many such examples is the symphonic poem A Girl Called Limonad, (1977), based on a poem by Lebanese poet Shawki Abi-Shakra; the song cycle Girl-Butterfly-Girl (1977) by contemporary poets from Lebanon and Syria in double-instrument rendition – Western and Eastern, and with many versions in different languages; “Ballad of an Expected Death in Cairo,” (1987) set to the words of Egyptian poet Sallah Abdel Sabour; The Gown of Night (1988) set to the poem of Arab-Israeli poet Mohammed Ghana'im with a collage of the voices of Bedouin children from Rahat and Like Two Branches (1989) to a text by Al-Khansa, a Bedouin poetess from the 6th century, a work that Fleischer considers her most important and which, according to conductor Tamir Hasson, “redefines the medium of vocal music as a whole and of Israeli music in particular” and according to musicologist Natan Mishori, is “a stellar example of the ways of integrating Eastern and Western foundations, ancient and new, of organizing main parameters of pitch, texture, meter, dynamics, tone and the tonal-musical basis faithful to ancient Arabic.”

 

Tsippi Fleischer at the end of the premier concert of “A Girl Named Limonad” (Haifa 1979) (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Tsippi Fleischer at the end of the premier concert of “A Girl Named Limonad” (Haifa 1979) (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Brochure for the issue of Tsippi Fleischer’s first LP, “Music for Small Ensembles,” 1986​​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Brochure for the issue of Tsippi Fleischer’s first LP, “Music for Small Ensembles,” 1986​​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

“The extreme extent to which I gave legitimacy to the inspiration of the East to percolate deeply into Classical music turned me into a composer who represents the region and not just Israel,” wrote Fleischer, in one of her articles. Indeed, her openness and attentiveness to local cultural pluralism granted her the description as “one of the most active contributors to the ideology of composition in Israel, who through synthesis bridges and connects East and West, also revealing her deep pacifist beliefs.” A work that well expresses this ideology is Fleischer’s anti-war composition, War (1988), for wind and percussion. In 1995, Shimon Peres, then Foreign Minister, gave her the title “Peace Composer.”

"Even though we were born . . . into a period when the Darmstadt conferences [for avant-garde music] on the one hand, and the flute of Emmanual Zamir [for Hebrew folksongs] on the other, were history,” wrote Fleischer, “and we recognize the synthesis of Mordecai Seter as representative, I believe that the struggle of each of us as an artist over his identity between East and West, continues into the present. Since – we live here and even our forefathers are from here, but our history has brought us into the encounter with (and still does to this day) knowledge and absorption of Western culture.

Moreover: we were dispersed in Diasporas in both the East and West . . . the struggle is not relegated merely to the realm of the individual and his fellow, but also exists deep inside each one of us. Sometimes, joining (East and West) together in a definition of the location is easy and happens unprompted, and sometimes, you flee from it because you are torn between extremes (East and West)” (from Concerning our Identity between East and West, June 1982).

The “East” in Tsippi Fleischer’s works expands even beyond the contemporary Near East, arriving at the Ancient Semitic Orient, from which she borrows archaic languages and ancient epics. “Images and sounds of the Semitic languages from this area –the Semitic space – as a clear cradle of culture, have stimulated me in my compositional habits since I was a student,” Fleischer related. Indeed, in the multimedia composition The Goddess Anath (1993) for dancer and voice, violin, piano and percussion, Fleischer employs the myth of the goddess Anat in the Ugaritic language; in Appeal to the Stars (1993-1994), her work for six vocalists who play recorders, zorna, iron sticks and palm branches, the text is in the ancient Babylonian language and based on a Babylonian prayer to the gods of night; the grand opera Adapa in Acadian. Biblical texts also become an unavoidable cultural option in her works: The Judgment of Solomon (1995), an operatic scene sung in biblical Hebrew; Daniel in the Den of Lions (1995), video art according to the Coptic version of the biblical story; the chamber opera Cain and Abel (2001-2002), and the Oratory Avram (2012), about the birth of the three monotheistic religions.

Invitation to a Musical Encounter with Tsippi Fleischer, Haifa, 1984​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Invitation to a Musical Encounter with Tsippi Fleischer, Haifa, 1984​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Program for concert of works by Tsippi Fleischer as part of the International Oud Festival, 2010​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

Program for concert of works by Tsippi Fleischer as part of the International Oud Festival, 2010​ (The Tsippi Fleischer Archive, MUS 0121)

“Authenticity does not contraindicate the use of contemporary universal techniques,” Tsippi Fleischer expressed herself in the context of 20th-century music. “The spirit of folklore inspires, but it does not itself constitute the significance of the [new] original work. The significance of a work is constructed from the never-ending yearning for content and values. The original work, with its strong significance and bold character is an outgrowth of the composer’s intention.” And indeed, as a contemporary composer, Fleischer uses, in addition to classical Western compositional methods, avant-garde 20th-century composing techniques: 12-tone techniques, sound masses, euphonic speech, vocalized playing, language (content, meter and sound) as part of the musical fabric, and magnetic tapes. An example of the integration of old and new appears in her work for solo guitar, the suite, To the Fruits of My Land, in which Fleischer integrates Baroque textures of J.S. Bach into contemporary music. Fleischer, who was always drawn to original ethnic materials, integrates these as well into innovative musical textures in many of her works consisting of magnetic tapes. For example, her work consisting of magnetic tapes Ethnic Silhouettes (1988-1998), is based on recordings of ethnic materials performed by Georgian, Croatian, Eskimo and Tunisian musicians, materials that she elaborated. It has been said that “the cosmopolitan nature of Tsippi Fleischer’s works also leaves room for the particular, in which each voice stands on its own.” Her works are widely performed around the world, from Europe to the USA, and from Tokyo to Alaska. Her works have been recorded by international recording companies and are broadcast regularly on radio stations in Israel and worldwide.