CN1748006B - 坚固的多层磁性颜料和箔 - Google Patents

坚固的多层磁性颜料和箔 Download PDF

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CN1748006B
CN1748006B CN2003801097061A CN200380109706A CN1748006B CN 1748006 B CN1748006 B CN 1748006B CN 2003801097061 A CN2003801097061 A CN 2003801097061A CN 200380109706 A CN200380109706 A CN 200380109706A CN 1748006 B CN1748006 B CN 1748006B
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layer
pigment flakes
magnetosphere
pigment
insulation layer
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CN1748006A (zh
Inventor
弗拉基米尔·P.·洛夏
保罗·G.·库姆斯
查尔斯·T·麦肯斯
朱狄山
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Viavi Solutions Inc
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Flex Products Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供多层磁性颜料片和箔。所述颜料片可具有位于磁芯的相对面上的叠层结构,或可形成为具有在磁芯周围的密封层的密封结构。在所述叠层结构中的磁芯包括夹入在相对的绝缘层之间的磁层,所述绝缘层又夹入在相对的反射层之间。类似地,在所述密封结构中的磁芯包括由绝缘层所包围的磁层,所述绝缘层又由反射层所包围。当所述颜料片暴露在恶劣的环境中时,其中的绝缘层防止所述颜料片被腐蚀。所述颜料片和箔的一些实施例呈现出以不同的光入射角或视角时的离散色彩偏移。这些颜料片可分散在诸如涂料或墨水这样的液体介质中,以产生着色剂组合物,所述着色剂组合物其后可用于物体或纸张上。所述箔可碾压成不同的物体或可形成于承载基片上。

Description

坚固的多层磁性颜料和箔
发明背景
1.技术领域
本发明一般涉及颜料和箔。特别地,本发明涉及具有磁层的坚固的多层颜料片和箔,这些颜料片和箔还具有光变色特性,本发明还涉及组成所述多层磁性颜料片的颜料成分。
2.背景技术
现已开发出用于多种用途的颜料、着色剂和箔。例如,已开发出用于装饰炊具、形成图案表面和安全设备等用途的磁性颜料。类似地,已开发出用于像化妆品、墨水、涂层材料、装饰品、陶瓷、汽车涂层、防伪火印,和机密文件及货币用的防伪墨水等用途的色彩偏移颜料。
在光的入射角变化的时候或观察者的视角发生变化的时候,色彩偏移颜料、着色剂和箔表现出改变颜色的特性。对颜料和箔的色彩偏移特性的控制可通过光学薄膜的适当设计或用于形成所述片或箔的涂层结构的分子种类的定向来进行。通过改变如形成所述片和箔的层的厚度和每层的折射率这样的参数就能够达到所需的效果。在不同的视角和光入射角时会感觉到颜色的变化,这种颜色的变化是由组成所述层的材料的选择性吸收和依赖于波长的干涉效应的共同作用而产生的结果。所述干涉效应是造成用不同的角度所感觉到的颜色偏移的原因,而所述干涉效应是由经过多次反射的光波的叠加而造成的。由于变化的干涉效应的原因,在所述视角发生变化时,所述反射的最大值会在位置和强度上发生变化,所述变化的干涉效应由不同的材料层中的光路长度的不同所导致,且在特定的波长中会得有选择性的加强。
已采用各种各样的方法来实现如此的色彩偏移效果。例如,将典型地由多层薄膜组成的小的多层片分散在如涂料或墨水这样的介质中,然后可以涂覆在物体的表面上。可选择性地涂覆这样的片,以达到所需的色彩和光学效果。另一种方法是将具有变化层的小的金属或硅酸盐基片封装起来,然后将封装起来的这些基片分散在如涂料或墨水这样的介质中。另外,现已制造出了由基片材料上的多层薄膜所组成的箔。
制造多层薄膜结构的一种方式是通过在柔性网状材料上形成一个释放层。各种各样的层以形成薄的涂层结构领域中所熟知的方法沉积在所述网状材料上,如PVD、溅涂或类似的方法。然后所述多层薄膜结构作为薄膜色彩偏移片从所述网状材料上取下,所述薄膜色彩偏移片可加在聚合介质中,如用作墨水或涂料的各种各样的颜料漆料。除了所述色彩偏移片之外,添加剂可加在所述墨水或涂料中,以获得所需的色彩偏移效果。
色彩偏移颜料或箔已由包括相同的基本层的多层薄膜结构所形成。这些基本层按照变化的层的顺序,包括吸收层、电介质层和可供选择的反射层。现在已形成具有对称的多层薄膜结构的涂层,如:
吸收层/电介质层/反射层/电介质层/吸收层;或
吸收层/电介质层/吸收层。
还形成了具有对称的多层薄膜结构的涂层,如:吸收层/电介质层/反射层。
对于磁性颜料,Philips等人的美国专利No.4,838,648(下面简称为“Philips‘648”)公开了一种薄膜磁性色彩偏移结构,所述结构中的磁性材料可用作反射层或吸收层。所公开的一种磁性材料是镍钴定向凝固共晶合金。Phillips‘648所公开的片和箔具有如下结构:
着色覆板/吸收层/电介质层/磁层/基片;
着色覆板/吸收层/电介质层/磁层/电介质层/吸收层/着色覆板;
粘合层/磁层/电介质层/吸收层/可释放的硬膜/基片。
试图将磁层加在多层片中由Schmid等人的欧洲专利公告EP 686675B1(以下称为“Schmid”)中公开,该专利公开描述了层状色彩偏移结构,所述结构包括位于下面所述的电介质层与中央铝层之间的磁层:
氧化物层/吸收层/电介质层/磁层/铝层/磁层/电介质层/吸收层/氧化物层。因此,Schmid利用了铝薄片且然后用磁性材料涂覆这些薄片。不过,位于上面的磁性材料会降低所述颜料的反射性能,因为铝是第二亮的金属(在银之后),这样,任何磁性材料的反射性就会降低。而且,Schmid从球磨研磨所产生的铝薄片作为开始,这种方法在能够达到的光洁度方面受到了限制。
因此,需要改进磁性颜料片和箔,以克服或避免现有技术中的片和箔的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明涉及具有磁性特性的多层颜料片和箔。所述颜料片可在磁芯的相对面上具有一个叠层结构,或者可以制成在所述磁芯周围具有封装层的密封结构。在所述叠层结构中的磁芯包括位于相对的绝缘层之间的磁层,而所述相对的绝缘层又位于相对的反射层之间。类似地,在所述密封结构中的磁芯包括由绝缘层所包围的磁层,而所述绝缘层又由反射层所包围。在所述颜料片中的绝缘层能够在所述片暴露在恶劣环境中时从实质上避免所述片被腐蚀。
所述磁性颜料片和箔的一些实施例展示出不同光的入射角或视角时的色彩偏移。这些色彩偏移的实施例展示出离散的色彩偏移,使得以第一光的入射角或视角时具有第一色彩,以第二光的入射角或视角时具有不同于所述第一色彩的第二色彩。
所述颜料片可散布在如涂料或墨水这样的液体介质中,以产生着色剂混合物而后用于物体或纸张上。所述箔可被碾压成不同的物体或可在形成于承载基片上。
通过下面的描述和所附的权利要求书,本发明中的这些特征和其它特征就会变得更加清晰,或者根据下面的描述来进行实践,就会理解本发明中的这些特征和其它特征。
附图说明
为了说明本发明的上述的和其它的特征,下面将结合在附图中所示出的实施例,对本发明进行更加详细的描述。应能够理解这些附图仅描述本发明的典型的实施例,而并不是对本发明的范围进行限制。将通过参考附图对本发明进行更具体更详细的描述和说明,在这些附图中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的磁性颜料片的涂层结构的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施例的磁性颜料片的涂层结构的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的再一个实施例的磁性颜料片的涂层结构的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的一个可选的实施例的磁性颜料片的涂层结构的示意图;和
图5是根据本发明的磁性箔的涂层结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及具有磁层的多层颜料片和箔以及加入有所述磁性片的颜料混合物。所述片和箔可用于产生视觉上察觉不到的安全性能、产生用于安全设备的错觉或类似三维的影像,或者给产品加上装饰性特征。与许多常规的磁性片不同,本发明中的片不仅由可磁化的材料所组成,而是包括可磁化的材料和不可磁化的材料两者。例如,本发明包括颜料片和箔,其中,在磁层和反射层之间设置绝缘层。当暴露在恶劣环境中时,所述片和箔中的绝缘层能够从实质上避免所述片和箔被腐蚀。
现已发现具有邻接着与如铝这样的金属反射层的磁层的磁性颜料最适合于温度和湿度受控的环境。在如户外、高湿度和盐雾或盐溶液这样的恶劣环境中,这种磁性颜料就会由于电负性更大的金属,如铝的电偶腐蚀而剥蚀。
电偶腐蚀(也称为异金属腐蚀)是一种过程,在这个过程中,在将一种材料以某种条件放置并与另一种材料接触时,这种材料就会氧化或腐蚀。电偶腐蚀的发生必须存在三个特定条件。第一,必须有两种电化学异金属出现。第二,这两种金属必须接触,以在它们之间提供导电通路。第三,必须还有一个导电性通路出现,这种导电性通路允许金属离子从电负性更大的金属(阳极)向正电性更大的金属(阴极)移动。如果所述三个条件中的任何一个不存在,电偶腐蚀就不会发生。
为了降低具有邻接异金属的磁性颜料中的腐蚀,将上面所述的三个电偶腐蚀条件中的一个除去就足够了。最容易除去的条件是通过将非常薄的绝缘层置于所述异金属之间而除去异金属之间的电接触。具有这样的绝缘层的不同片和箔的实施例在下面进行详细描述。
在本发明的不同实施例中,随着光的入射角或观察者的视角的变化,所述颜料片和箔在色度和色调方面具有实质上的偏移。这样的光学效应是熟知的角色度或“色彩偏移”,并允许感知到的色彩随着照射角度或观察角度而变化。因此,这些颜料片和箔以第一光的入射角或视角时展示出第一色彩,以第二光的入射角或视角时展示出不同于所述第一色彩的第二色彩。所述颜料片可散布在如涂料或墨水这样的液体介质中,以产生不同的色彩偏移着色剂混合物而后用于的物体或纸张。所述箔可被碾压成不同的物体或可形成于承载基片上。
一般来讲,本发明中的色彩偏移颜料片可具有位于磁芯层的相对侧面上的对称叠层涂层结构,可具有大部分层位于磁芯层的一个侧面上的不对称涂层结构,或可形成有包围磁芯的一个或更多的密封涂层。所述色彩偏移片和箔的涂层结构一般包括磁芯、位于所述磁芯上面的绝缘层、位于所述绝缘层上面的反射层、位于所述反射层上面的电介质层和位于所述电介质层上面的吸收层,所述磁芯包括磁性或可磁化的层和其它的可选层。此处所使用的关于这些层之间的关系的“位于…上面”这个术语意味着包括相互之间邻接的层以及相互之间并不邻接的层。
本发明通过实质上获得更高的色度和亮度来体现出对常规的磁性颜料的极大改进。通过将磁性不强的材料置于所述反射层内,本发明实现两个目的:1)保持所述反射层的反射能力;2)观察者不能够将没有磁性材料内芯的色彩偏移颜料与有磁性材料芯的色彩偏移颜料区别开。例如,对两个被涂覆物体并排地进行观察,一个在涂层中有所述磁性材料的物体和另一个在涂层中没有所述磁性材料的物体对观察者来说看上去是一样的。不过,所述磁性色彩偏移颜料还提供除了所述色彩偏移效应之外的隐蔽安全特性。因此,利用磁性检测系统,在所述颜料中的磁性隐蔽签名就能够由磁性探测器读出,如法拉第旋转探测器。
错觉或类似三维的影像效应可通过将本发明中的颜料片暴露在外部磁力中而产生,这样就将一些所述片的平面定向为与包含所述这些片的涂层的表面正交。没有被所述磁场定向的颜料片位于基本上与所述涂层表面平行的平的表面上。所述类似三维的影像效应是由于粒子的准直,使得纵横比用所述磁场定向,即所述颜料片的最长部分本身沿着所述磁力线准直。此处所公开的能够采用所述磁性颜料的产生错觉和类似三维的影像的方法在待审美国专利申请No.09/850,421中有详细的描述,该专利申请于2001年5月7日递交,发明名称为“利用磁性颜料产生成像涂覆物体的方法”,且其公开的内容通过参考合并在本发明中。
本发明中的色彩偏移片和箔可利用常规的薄膜沉积技术形成,这种技术是形成薄的涂层结构领域中所熟知的。这样的但不是进行限制的薄膜沉积技术的例子包括物理蒸汽沉积(PVD)、化学蒸汽沉积(CVD)、如PECVD或下游PECVD这样的等离子加强(PE)变化形式、溅涂、电解沉积,和能够导致离散和均匀的薄膜层形成的其它类似的沉积方法。
本发明中的色彩偏移颜料片可用不同的制造方法形成。例如,所述颜料片可用网状涂层工艺形成,在这种工艺中,用常规的沉积技术将不同的层按顺序沉积在网状材料上,以形成薄膜结构,然后将所述薄膜结构按顺序弄碎并从所述网状结构上取下,例如,利用溶剂,以形成多个薄膜片。
在另一种制造方法中,包括至少所述磁层的一个或多个薄膜层沉积在网状结构上,以形成膜,然后将所述膜按顺序弄碎并从所述网状结构上取下,以形成多个颜料预制片。如果需要,所述预制片可以通过研磨进一步进行破碎。所述预制片然后在按顺序进行的密封工艺中用剩余的一个或多个层进行涂覆,以形成多个颜料片。
在另一种制造方法中,可对磁性粒子在按顺序进行的密封工艺中进行涂覆,以形成多个颜料片。当使用密封工艺来形成所述片的外层时,可以理解每个单独的密封层是一个连续的层,所述连续的层由包围所述片结构的一种材料组成。
现在参看附图,在这些图中,相同的结构用相同的参考名称所表示。图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的反射性磁性片(RMF)20。所述RMF 20一般可以是一种对称的薄膜结构,所述薄膜结构包括磁层22、位于磁层22的一个主要表面上面的第一绝缘层25,和位于磁层22的相对的第二主要表面上面的第二绝缘层26。第一反射层27位于第一绝缘层25上面,第二反射层28位于第二绝缘层26上面。
通过在所述反射层与所述磁层之间插入所述绝缘层就可以避免所述片的电偶腐蚀。另外,利用位于例如在图1中所示的外反射层之间的磁层,所述反射层的光学性能就不会被降低,而且所述片仍保持高的反射性。
对应于RMF 20的片可用如前所述的网状涂覆工艺形成,在所述工艺中,所述不同的层按顺序沉积在网状材料上,以形成薄膜结构,然后将所述薄膜结构按顺序弄碎并从所述网状结构上取下,以形成多个片。作为选择,所述第一和第二反射层27和28可形成为邻接的反射层29(用虚线示出)的一部分,所述邻接的反射层29实质上将磁层22以及绝缘层25和26包围,所述磁层22以及绝缘层25和26已预先通过网状涂覆工艺而形成。
所述RMF 20可用作颜料片或中心部分,所述中心部分具有位于其上面的另外的层,如在色彩偏移颜料中那样。在色彩偏移颜料的例子中,保持所述反射层的高反射性对保持所述颜料的高亮度和色度是重要的。RMF 20的涂层结构中的每层将在下面进行更详细的描述。
所述磁层22可由任何磁性或可磁化的材料所组成,如镍、钴、铁、钆、铽、镝、铒和它们的合金或氧化物。例如,可以采用钴镍合金,钴和镍的重量比率分别为约80%和20%。所述钴镍合金中的这些金属中的每一种的这种比率可在±10%的范围内变化,且仍可达到所需的效果。因此,出现在所述合金中的钴的重量百分比可从70%到90%,且出现在所述合金中的镍的重量百分比可从10%到30%。其它的合金的例子包括Fe/Si、Ni/Fe(如坡莫合金)、Fe/Ni、Fe/Co、Fe/Ni/Mo和它们的组合。也可以使用SmCo5,NdCo5,Sm2Co17,Nd2Fe14B,Sr6Fe2O3,TbFe2,Al-Ni-Co类型的硬磁性材料和它们的组合,以及Fe3O4,NiFe2O4,MnFe2O4,CoFe2O4类型的尖晶石铁氧体,或YIG(钇铁石榴石)或GdIG(钆铁石榴石)类型的石榴石,以及它们的组合。
虽然这种大范围的磁性材料可以使用,但在本发明的一些实施例中优选使用软磁铁。此处所使用的术语“软磁铁”指表现出铁磁性能但暴露在磁力之后具有实质上为零的剩磁的任何材料。软磁铁表现出对所施加的磁场的快速反应,但具有非常低的(矫顽磁力(Hc)=0.05-300奥斯忒(Oe))或为零的磁场特征,或者在所述磁场移去之后保持非常低的磁力线。另外,此处所使用的术语“硬磁铁”(也称为永久磁铁)指表现出铁磁性能且暴露在磁力之后具有长久的剩磁的任何材料。铁磁材料是具有实质上大于1的磁导率并表现出磁滞性能的任何材料。
用于形成本发明中的片和箔中的磁层的磁性材料优选具有小于约2000 Oe的矫顽磁力,更优选小于300 Oe。矫顽磁力是指材料能够被外部磁场去磁的能力。矫顽磁力的值越高,在所述磁场移去之后将所述材料去磁所要求的磁场就越高。在本发明的一些实施例中,所使用的磁层优选是“软的”磁性材料(容易去磁),而不是具有较高矫顽磁力的“硬的”磁性材料(难以去磁)。根据本发明的磁性色彩偏移设计中的箔、颜料或着色剂的矫顽磁力优选在约50 Oe到约300 Oe的范围内。这些矫顽磁力低于标准记录材料中的矫顽磁力。因此,在磁性色彩偏移颜料和磁性非色彩偏移颜料中使用软磁体的本发明的实施例是对常规技术的改进。在颜料片中的这种软磁性材料的使用能够使所述片更容易地分散而不会发生聚积。
所述磁层22可形成为具有适当的从约20nm到约3000nm的物理厚度,优选从50nm到150nm。
所述绝缘层25和26可由适当的电绝缘材料组成,如电介质材料或一些半导体材料。例如,所述绝缘层可由氟化镁、氧化铝、氧化镍或它们的组合组成,也可以由适用于薄膜制造工艺并具有适当的电气绝缘性能的任何其它绝缘材料组成。
所述绝缘层具有有效的厚度,以通过中断所述颜料片的金属反射层(将在下面进行描述)与磁层之间的电气通路而在实质上阻止所述颜料片的腐蚀。例如,所述绝缘层中的每层都有一个至少约10nm的物理厚度,优选约20nm到约40nm。
所述反射层27和28可由不同的反射性材料组成。因为它们的高反射性和易于使用,在本发明中优选的材料是一种或多种金属、一种或多种金属合金或它们的组合,但非金属反射性材料也可使用。非限制性的反射层的适当的金属材料的例子包括铝、银、铜、金、铂、锡、钛、钯、镍、钴、铑、铌、铬、铱和它们的组合物或合金。所述反射层24和26可制成具有约20nm到约1000nm的物理厚度,优选约50nm到约100nm。
在片20的一个可选的实施例中,可提供一种非对称的薄膜片,所述薄膜片包括一个薄膜叠层结构,所述薄膜叠层结构具有与如图1所示的所述磁层22的一个侧面上的层相同的层。在这个实施例中,所述非对称的片包括磁层22、位于磁层22上面的绝缘层25和位于绝缘层25上面的反射层27。这些层中的每一层可由与上面所述的片20的对应层相同的材料组成并具有相同的厚度。
在另一个可选的实施例中,可选择性地加上相对的(opposing)电介质层,以覆盖在片20的反射层27和28上。这些相对的电介质层为片20增加了稳定性、刚性和抗腐蚀性。作为选择,可形成密封电介质层以在实质上将反射层27和28以及磁层22包覆。所述电介质层可选择为透明的或可进行选择性的吸收,以有助于所述颜料片的色彩效果。这样的电介质层的适当的电介质材料的例子在下面参考图2中的实施例进行描述。
图2示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的基于RMF的磁性色彩颜料片40。所述片40是基本上对称的多层薄膜结构,所述多层薄膜结构在RMF 42的相对的侧面上具有涂层,所述RMF 42具有如图1中所示的RMF那样的5层结构。如图2所示,第一电介质层44和第二电介质层46分别位于RMF 42的相对的侧面的上面。第一吸收层48和第二吸收层50分别位于电介质层44和46中的每一层的上面。所述RMF 42可用与上面所讨论的在图1中的RMF相同的材料形成,且所述片40的电介质层和吸收层将在下面进行更详细的描述。
对应于片40的片可用前面所述的网状涂层工艺形成,在所述工艺中,片40的不同的层按顺序沉积在网状材料上,以形成薄膜结构,然后将所述薄膜结构按顺序弄碎并从所述网状结构上取下,以形成多个片。
所述电介质层44和46作为片40的薄膜叠层结构中的隔片。所述电介质层形成为具有有效的光学厚度,以加上干涉色彩和所需的色彩偏移性能。所述电介质层可选择为透明的或可进行选择性的吸收,以有助于所述颜料的色彩效果。所述光学厚度是定义为乘积ηd的已知的光学参数,其中η是所述层的折射率,d是所述层的物理厚度。一个层的光学厚度典型地用等于4ηd/λ的四分之一波的光学厚度(QWOT)来表示,其中λ是QWOT条件出现时的波长。根据所希望的色彩偏移,所述电介质层的光学厚度可在约400nm的设计波长的2 QWOT到约700nm的设计波长的9 QWOT的范围内变化,优选在400-700nm波长的约2-6 QWOT。根据所希望的色彩特性,所述电介质层可具有约100nm到约800nm的物理厚度,优选约140nm到650nm。
电介质层44和46的适当材料包括那些具有“高的”折射率,且在本文中限定为折射率大于约1.65的材料,以及那些具有“低的”折射率且在本文中限定为折射率约为1.65或小于1.65的材料。所述电介质层中的每一层可由单一的材料形成或由不同的材料的组合或配置而形成。例如,所述电介质层可仅由低折射率材料、仅由高折射率材料、由两种或更多低折射率材料的混合层或多层、由两种或更多高折射率材料的混合层或多层、或由低折射率材料和高折射率材料的混合层或多层而形成。此外,所述电介质层可部分地或全部由高折射率的/低折射率的电介质光学叠层形成,这将在下面进行描述。当电介质层部分地由电介质光学叠层形成时,所述电介质层的剩余部分可像上面所描述的那样由单一的材料形成或由不同的材料的组合或配置形成。
用于电介质层44和46的适当的高折射率材料的例子包括硫化锌(ZnS)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、类钻碳、氧化铟(In2O3)、铟锡氧化物(ITO)、五氧化钽(Ta2O5)、氧化高铈(CeO2)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、氧化铕(Eu2O3)、如(II)二铁(III)氧化物(Fe3O4)和三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)这样的铁氧化物、氮化铪(HfN)、碳化铪(HfC)、氧化铪(HfO2)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)、三氧化锑(Sb2O3)、一氧化硅(SiO)、三氧化硒(Se2O3)、氧化锡(SnO2)、三氧化钨(WO3)以及它们的组合和类似的材料。
用于电介质层44和46的适当的低折射率材料的例子包括二氧化硅(SiO2)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、金属氟化物,如氟化镁(MgF2)、氟化铝(AlF3)、氟化铈(CeF3)、氟化镧(LaF3)、氟化钠铝(如Na3AlF6和Na5Al3F14)、氟化钕(NdF3)、氟化钐(SmF3)、氟化钡(BaF2)、氟化钙(CaF2)、氟化锂(LiF)以及它们的组合,或具有约1.65或更小的折射率的任何其它低折射率材料。例如,有机单体和聚合物可用作低折射率材料,包括二烯烃或烯烃,如丙烯酸盐(如甲基丙烯酸盐)、全氟烯烃、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、氟化乙烯丙烯(PEP)、它们的组合和类似的材料。
应能够理解上面所列出的电介质材料中的几种通常以非化学计量的形式出现,经常取决于将所述电介质材料作为涂层来沉积的具体方法,且上面所列出的化合物名称表明近似的化学计量。例如,一氧化硅和二氧化硅分别具有标称的1∶1和1∶2的硅∶氧比例,但特定的电介质涂层的硅∶氧比例相比这些标称值有些微的变化。这样的非化学计量的电介质材料也在本发明的范围之内。
如上所述,所述电介质层可由高的/低的电介质光学叠层形成,这些叠层具有低折射率(L)和高折射率(H)材料的交替层。当电介质层由高的/低的电介质叠层形成时,成角度的色彩偏移就取决于在所述叠层中的那些层的合并折射率。所述电介质层的适当的叠层结构的例子包括LH、HL、LHL、HLH、HLHL、LHLH或概括为(LHL)n或(HLH)n,其中n=1-100,以及它们的各种倍数或组合。例如,在这些叠层中,LH表示低折射率材料和高折射率材料的离散层。
在一个可供选择的实施例中,所述高的/低的电介质叠层被形成为具有渐变折射率。例如,所述叠层在形成时可具有多个层,这些层具有渐变的从低到高的折射率、渐变的从高到低的折射率、渐变的[低到高到低]n的折射率、渐变的[高到低到高]n的折射率,其中n=1-100,以及它们的组合或倍数。所述渐变的折射率由相邻层的折射率的逐步变化所产生,如从低到高的折射率或从高到低的折射率。这些层的渐变的折射率可通过在沉积期间对气体进行变化或以不同的比例同时沉积两种材料(如L和H)来形成。不同的高/低光学叠层可用来提高色彩偏移性能、为所述电介质层提供防反射性能并改变本发明中的颜料的可能的色彩空间。
所述电介质层44和46中的每层可由相同的或不同的材料组成,且每层可具有相同的或不同的光学或物理厚度。可以理解当所述电介质层由不同的材料组成或具有不同的厚度时,所述这些片就在其每个侧面呈现出不同的色彩,这样,颜料或涂料混合物中得到的片的混合就会呈现出新的色彩,这种色彩是所述两种色彩的组合。所得到的色彩将基于来自所述片的两个侧面的两种色彩的加色原理。在多种片中,所得到的色彩将会是所述两种色彩的和,所述色彩由所述片的任意的分布而产生,这些片具有朝向观察者的不同定向的侧面。
片40的吸收层48和50可由具有所需吸收特性的任何吸收性材料组成,包括在电磁波频谱的可视部分上为均匀吸收和非均匀吸收的材料。因此,根据所希望的色彩特征,可使用选择性吸收(非均匀吸收)材料或非选择性吸收(均匀吸收)材料。例如,所述吸收层可由沉积成一个厚度的非选择性吸收金属材料所形成,所述吸收层在这个厚度上至少部分地吸收或是半透明的。
非限制性的适当的吸收层的材料的例子包括金属吸收体,如铬、铝、镍、银、铜、钯、铂、钛、钒、钴、铁、锡、钨、钼、铑、铌和它们的对应的氧化物、硫化物和碳化物。其它适当的吸收材料包括碳、石墨、硅、锗、金属陶瓷、氧化铁或其它的金属氧化物、混合在电介质基体中的金属和在所述可视光谱中能够作为非选择性或选择性吸收体的其它物质。可以使用上述吸收材料的组合、混合物、化合物或合金,以形成片40的吸收层。
上述吸收材料的适当的合金的例子包括因康乃尔(Ni-Cr-Fe)、不锈钢、镍基高温合金(如Ni-Mo-Fe、Ni-Mo-Fe-Cr和Ni-Si-Cu)和钛基合金,如与碳混和的钛(Ti/C)、与钨混和的钛(Ti/W),与铌混和的钛(Ti/Nb)、与硅混和的钛(Ti/Si),和它们的组合。
如上所述,吸收层也可由吸收性金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属碳化物或它们的组合组成。例如,一种优选的吸收性硫化物材料是硫化银。所述吸收层的适当的化合物的其它例子包括钛基化合物,如氮化钛(TiN)、氮氧化钛(TiNxOy)、碳化钛(TiC)、碳氮化钛(TiNxCz)、碳氧氮化钛(TiNxOyCz)、硅化钛(TiSi2)、硼化钛(TiB2),和它们的组合。在TiNxOy和TiNxOyCz的情况下,优选x=0到1,y=0到1,且z=0到1,TiNxOy中的x+y=1,TiNxOyCz中的x+y+z=1。对于TiNxCz,优选x=0到1,z=0到1,其中x+z=1。作为选择,所述吸收层可由置于基体Ti中的钛基合金组成,或者可由置于钛基合金基体中的Ti组成。
本领域中熟练的技术人员可以理解所述吸收层也可由磁性材料形成,如钴镍合金或前面所述的其它磁性材料。这就通过降低所要求的材料的数量而简化了所述磁性色彩偏移颜料的制造。
根据所述吸收层材料的光学常数和所希望的峰值偏移,所述吸收层形成为具有从约3nm到50nm,优选5nm到15nm的物理厚度。所述吸收层中的每一层可由相同的材料或不同的材料组成,并且每一层可具有相同的或不同的物理厚度。
在片40的一个可供选择的实施例中,可提供一种不对称的色彩偏移片,所述不对称的色彩偏移片包括一个薄膜结构,所述薄膜结构具有与在如图2中所示的RMF 42的一个侧面上的层相同的层。因此,所述不对称的色彩偏移片包括RMF 42、位于RMF42上面的电介质层44,和位于电介质层44上面的吸收层48。这些层中的每一层可由与前面对片40的相应层的描述中相同的材料组成并具有与其相同的厚度。此外,不对称的色彩偏移片可用前面所述的网状结构涂覆工艺形成,在这种工艺中,所述不同的层按顺序沉积在网状材料上,以形成薄膜结构,然后将所述薄膜结构按顺序弄碎并从所述网状结构上取下,以形成多个片。
在另一个可供选择的实施例中,片40可形成为没有所述吸收层。在此实施例中,相对的电介质层44和46由前面所述的高的/低的(H/L)电介质光学叠层形成。因此,电介质层44和46可以配置成使得片40具有如下的涂层结构:(HL)n/RMF/(LH)n、(LH)n/RMF/(HL)n、(LHL)n/RMF/(LHL)n、(HLH)n/RMF/(HLH)n,或者其它类似的结构,其中n=1-100,且所述L和H层在设计波长时是1个四分之一波长(QW)。
作为一般规律,若在贵金属表中的两种金属的原子势能的代数差大于+/-0.3伏特,那么电偶腐蚀就在这两种金属之间发生。铝/镍对的势能是-1.41V,表明当具有7层设计的颜料浸在电解液或暴露在潮湿的环境中时,就会有一种对所述颜料中的铝的电偶腐蚀的驱动力,所述7层设计如Cr/MgF2/Al/Ni/Al/MgF2/Cr。这种7层设计的颜料对暴露在碱性或其 基溶液中特别敏感。为了降低这样的颜料中的铝的腐蚀,通过将此处所描述的绝缘层放置在异金属Al和Ni之间来消除所述异金属之间的电气接触。在这种方案中,所述7层设计颜料就变成了一种9层颜料,如在图2中所示出的那样,其中将所述两个绝缘层插入所述铝层与磁层之间,如下所示:
Cr/MgF2/Al/MgF2 20nm/磁性复合材料/MgF2 20nm/Al/MgF2/Cr
出于制造的方便,本实施例中的所述两个绝缘层可用氟化镁制成,这种氟化镁是所述颜料的电介质层的一个组成部分。带有绝缘层MgF2的颜料的制造要求有两个额外的步骤,即将带有部分涂覆的多层叠层的聚酯卷(网)重绕和氟化镁绝缘层的沉积。在一种可供选择的制造方案中,所述铝和磁层可由沉积20nm厚的Al2O3膜来分开,所述沉积通过在有氧时的铝的反应性蒸发来进行。
在另一个可供选择的制造方案中,将所述第一反射层如铝的表面氧化,且将所述氧化的反射层上面的磁层表面氧化,以在所述异金属之间形成氧化物膜。对于这种方法来说,在所述铝源之后的一个短距离的下游安装离子枪,但所述离子枪位于所述磁性材料源的上游。按照这种方法,由于所述第一铝层由一个铝源沉积在第一电介质层上,而所述第一电介质层已沉积在第一吸收层上,所以所述第一铝层就穿过一个氧化区,其表面在这个氧化区氧化,以形成氧化铝的致密绝缘膜。所述氧压、离子枪功率和所述聚酯卷的重绕速度都是用来控制所述Al2O3膜的厚度的参数。在下一个步骤中,磁性材料(如镍)沉积在所述绝缘Al2O3膜上。在所述氧化区,致密的NiO层在所述磁性材料的表面上形成,因此就将所述磁层与其后的第二铝层绝缘。所述NiO层是一种提供所述镍层和所述第二铝层的电气分离的p类半导体。在所述第二铝层沉积之后,形成第二电介质层,如氟化镁隔片,其后是第二吸收层,如铬吸收体,以完成具有以下设计的光学叠层:
基片/Cr/MgF2/Al/Al2O3/Ni/NiO/Al/MgF2/Cr
在离子枪方法中的绝缘层的厚度可小于20nm,因为这些层具有比用热或反应性蒸发所沉积的膜更高的密度。这样的方法的优点在于,在穿过涂覆机械的聚酯卷的数量方面,所述方法非常类似于用于形成7层叠层的方法,但所述离子枪方法产生一种坚固的9层设计,这种设计在潮湿的环境中和电解液中具有抗腐蚀性。
图3示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的反射性磁性密封(RME)片60。所述RME 60具有三层涂层结构,所述三层涂层结构具有实质上包围并密封绝缘层63的反射层62,所述绝缘层包围芯磁层64。反射层62和磁层64之间的绝缘层63避免片60的电偶腐蚀。此外,在有了位于在如图3所示的外反射层内的磁层之后,所述反射层的光学性能并不会降低,且所述反射层保持高的反射性。
所述RME片60可用作颜料粒子,或可用作芯粒子,在所述芯粒子上面加有另外的层。所述反射层62、绝缘层63和磁层64可由与在前面所述的片20中的相应的层相同的材料组成并可具有相同的厚度。
在片60的一个可供选择的实施例中,可选择在反射层62上加上一种电介质层,以为片60增加稳定性、刚性和抗腐蚀性。所述电介质层可选择为透明的,或可进行选择性的吸收,以有助于所述片的色彩效果。
图4示出了磁性色彩偏移颜料片80的可供选择的涂层结构(用虚线示出),所述片80是基于在图1和图3中所描述的RMF或RME片中的任何一个的密封形式。所述片80有一个磁芯部分82,所述磁芯部分82可以是RMF或可以是RME片,并可由密封电介质层84所覆盖,所述密封电介质层84实质上将磁芯部分82包围。覆盖电介质层84的吸收层86为片80提供外部密封。图4中片80的一个侧面上的半球形虚线表示电介质层84和吸收层86可形成为围绕磁芯部分82的邻接层。
作为选择,所述磁芯部分82和电介质层可以是薄膜芯的片状叠层形式,在这种叠层中,相对的电介质层84a和84b在顶部和底部表面上预先形成,但并不在作为一种RMF的磁芯部分82的至少一个侧面表面上预先形成,吸收层86密封所述薄膜叠层。也可利用密封方法来在片80上形成另外的层,如封盖层(未示出)。所述颜料片80呈现出离散色彩偏移,以使所述颜料片具有在第一光入射角或视角时的第一色彩和在第二光入射角或视角时的不同于所述第一色彩的第二色彩。
在另一个可供选择的实施例中,片80可形成为没有所述吸收层。在此实施例中,电介质层84由类似于前面所述的电介质光学叠层的邻接的高/低(H/L)电介质光学涂层形成。因此,电介质层84可具有涂层结构(HL)n、(LH)n、(LHL)n、(HLH)n,或者其它类似的结构,其中n=1-100,且所述L和H层在设计波长时是1个QW。
不同的常规涂覆方法可以用在通过密封形成所述电介质层和吸收层的过程中。例如,形成所述电介质层的适当的方法包括真空蒸汽沉积、溶胶-凝胶状态相互转换水解、流化床中的CVD、到充满粒子的振动盘上的下游等离子,以及电化学沉积。形成所述吸收层的适当方法包括真空蒸汽沉积,和向机械振动床溅涂粒子,如在美国专利No.6,241,858中所公开的那样,该专利通过参考合并到本发明中。作为选择,所述吸收涂层可利用对有机金属化合物的高温分解的分解方法和可在流化床中进行的相关的CVD方法进行沉积。若没有进行进一步的研磨,这些方法会产生在其周围具有电介质层和吸收层的密封磁芯。上述涂覆方法的各种各样的组合可在制造具有多个密封涂层的颜料片中使用。
前述实施例的不同修改和组合也认为是在本发明的范围之内。例如,另外的电介质层、吸收层和/或其它的光学涂层可在上述实施例中的每个的周围形成,以产生更多所需的光学特征。这样的额外的涂层可为所述这些颜料提供进一步的色彩效果。
此外,可供选择的透明覆盖涂层可在前述的颜料实施例中的每一个的外表面上形成,以提高稳定性。例如,图2用虚线示出了吸收层50上面的第一透明覆盖涂层52,和吸收层48上面的第二透明覆盖涂层54。图4用虚线示出了包围吸收层86的可供选择的透明覆盖涂层90。所述透明覆盖涂层可由能够提供保护的任何适当的透明材料组成,如前面所述的高折射率和低折射率电介质材料,以及诸如丙烯酸脂和苯乙烯的聚合物,诸如硅酸盐和硼硅酸盐玻璃的玻璃状材料,或它们的组合。所述透明覆盖涂层可形成为具有从约5nm到10μm,优选从约100nm到约1μm的适当的物理厚度。
另外的能够进行修改以像本文中所描述的那样包括位于磁层和反射层之间的绝缘层的片的实施例在共同待审的专利申请No.09/844,261中公开,该专利申请于2001年4月27递交、发明名称为“多层磁性颜料和箔”,且其公开内容通过参考合并到本发明中。
本发明中的颜料片可分散在颜料介质中以产生着色剂混合物,所述着色剂混合物可涂覆在多种物体和纸张上。加在介质中的所述颜料片产生预先确定的光学反应,所述光学反应通过辐射入射在所述固化介质的表面上。优选所述颜料介质含有树脂或树脂的混合物,这些树脂或树脂的混合物可用热处理方法进行干燥或硬化,如热交联、热凝固、或热溶剂蒸发、或用光化学交联。
适当的颜料介质包括各种各样的聚合组合物或有机粘结剂,如醇酸树脂、聚脂树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂、乙烯树脂、环氧树脂、苯乙烯和类似的材料。适当的树脂的例子包括三聚氰胺、如甲基丙烯酸甲酯这样的丙烯酸脂、ABS(丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯)树脂、基于醇酸树脂的墨水和涂料配方,以及它们的各种各样的混合物。优选所述颜料介质还包括这些树脂的溶剂,如有机溶剂或水。与这些颜料介质结合的片产生能够直接用作涂料、墨水或可模压的塑料材料的着色剂组合物。所述着色剂组合物还可以用作常规的涂料、墨水或塑料材料的添加剂。
此外,还可以选择所述的这些片与各种各样的添加剂材料混和,如常规的颜料片、粒子或不同色调、色度和亮度的染料,以获得所希望的色彩特征。例如,所述的这些片可与其它的常规颜料混和,无论是干涉类型还是非干涉类型,以产生其它的色彩范围。这种预先混和的组合物然后可以分散在聚合物介质中,如涂料、墨水、塑料或其它聚合物颜料漆料中,以用常规的方式来使用。适当的添加剂材料的例子在前面提及的共同待审的专利申请No.09/844,261中公开。
本发明中的磁性色彩偏移片特别适用于希望得到高色度和稳定性的着色剂的应用中。通过在着色剂组合物中使用所述磁性色彩偏移片,就可以制造出高色度且坚固的涂料或墨水,在这些涂料或墨水中,可变的色彩效果能够由肉眼注意到。本发明中的色彩偏移片具有大范围的色彩偏移性能,包括随着可变视角,在色度(颜色的纯度)上的大的偏移以及在色调(相对色彩)上的大的偏移。因此,用含有本发明的色彩偏移片的涂料涂上颜色的物体会根据视角的变化或物体相对于观察者的眼睛的角度变化而改变颜色。
本发明的颜料片可以既容易地又可经济地用在涂料和墨水中,这些涂料和墨水可涂覆在各种各样的物体或纸张上,如机动车辆、货币和机密文件、家用电器、建筑结构、地板材料、纺织品、体育用品、电子包装/外壳、产品包装,等等。所述色彩偏移片还可以用于形成彩色塑料材料、涂层组合物、挤出物、静电涂膜、玻璃和陶瓷材料。
一般来讲,本发明中的箔具有非对称的薄膜涂层结构,该薄膜涂层结构对应于上述与薄膜叠层片有关的任何实施例中的RMF的一个侧面上的层结构。所述箔可层压在各种各样的物体上或可以形成于承载基片上。本发明中的箔还可以用在热印结构中,在所述热印结构中,利用热激活粘合剂并将其涂覆在背面上,从而将所述箔的薄膜叠层从基片的释放层上取下。所述粘合剂既可以涂在与所述基片相对的箔的表面上,也可以以UV激活的粘合剂的形式施加在所述箔将要被附着的表面上。
图5示出了形成于基片102上的色彩偏移箔100的涂层结构,所述基片可以是任何适当的材料,如柔性PET网、承载基片,或其它的塑料材料。所述箔100包括基片102上面的磁层104、磁层104上面的绝缘层106、绝缘层106上面的反射层108、反射层108上面的电介质层110、和电介质层110上面的吸收层112。所述磁层、绝缘层、反射层、电介质层和吸收层可由与前面所述的片20和40中相应的层相同的材料组成并可具有相同的厚度。
所述箔100可用网状涂层工艺形成,且用常规的沉积技术将前面所述的不同的层按顺序沉积在网状结构上,以形成薄膜箔结构。所述箔100可在网状结构的释放层上形成,使得能够将所述箔按顺序取下并附在物体的表面上。所述箔100还可以形成于承载基片上,所述承载基片可以是没有释放层的网状结构。
此外,可供选择的透明覆盖涂层可在本发明中的箔上形成以提高稳定性。例如,图5用虚线示出了位于吸收层112上面的透明覆盖涂层114。所述透明覆盖涂层114可由提供保护的任何适当的透明材料组成,如前面所述的本发明的颜料实施例中的透明覆盖涂层,所述透明覆盖涂层114还可以具有与前述的透明覆盖涂层相同的厚度范围。
另外的能够进行修改以像本文中所描述的那样包括位于磁层和反射层之间的绝缘层的箔的实施例在前面引述的共同待审的专利申请No.09/844,261中公开。其它的实施例,如具有成对的光学可变结构的各种各样的光学物品,可以利用本发明中的磁性颜料片和箔。这样的光学物品在专利申请No.09/844,261中公开。磁性颜料和箔的各种各样的使用也在专利申请No.09/844,261中公开。
下面所给出的实施例是为了示例本发明,并不意味对本发明的范围进行限制。
实施例1
具有相同厚度的MgF2和Cr,但具有不同厚度的绝缘层的明亮的色彩偏移颜料片的不同样品,通过在网状结构上沉积薄膜层而形成。将所述薄膜层剥去以产生尺寸减小到约20nm(单片的平均尺寸)的片。
所述第一颜料片样品具有普通的5层Cr/MgF2/Al/MgF2/Cr设计。所述第二颜料片样品具有磁性并具有7层Cr/MgF2/Al/Ni/Al/MgF2/Cr设计。所述第三颜料片样品具有磁性并具有9层Cr/MgF2/Al/MgF2/Ni/MgF2/Al/MgF2/Cr涂层设计。位于所述Al和Ni层之间的MgF2绝缘层的厚度为16nm。除了位于所述Al和Ni层之间的MgF2绝缘层的厚度为23nm之外,所述第四颜料片样品具有与所述第三样品相同的9层涂层设计。除了位于所述Al和Ni层之间的MgF2绝缘层的厚度为25nm之外,所述第五颜料片样品具有与所述第三样品相同的9层涂层设计。所述第六颜料片样品具有磁性并具有9层Cr/MgF2/Al/Al2O3/Ni/Al2O3/Al/MgF2/Cr涂层设计。位于所述Al和Ni层之间的Al2O3绝缘层的厚度为20nm。
实施例2
涂料漆料和实施例1的样品的底颜料按9∶1的比例混和来形成涂料样品。所述涂料样品散布在具有叶片的聚酯薄片上。干的1”×3”的经过涂覆的聚酯片被浸在2重量%的NaOH水溶液中10分钟。在浸渍试验之前和之后对每个样品的色彩进行测量。色彩差异ΔE用于对所述进行试验的样品进行比较。在L*a*b*色彩空间中的色彩差异ΔE表明色彩差异的程度,而不是色彩差异的方向,且由下面的等式所定义:
.ΔE=[(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2]1/2
式中ΔL*、Δa*和Δb*分别是L*、a*和b*值的差异。ΔE越大表明由所述颜料片中的薄膜层的剥蚀所导致的色彩差异越大。在此实施例中,所述ΔE是暴露在NaOH中所导致的色彩变化。表1列出了所有被试验的经过涂料样品的色彩差异。
表1
样品     颜料设计                           暴露在NaOH中之后的ΔE
1        没有异金属的5层叠层                34.20
2        没有绝缘层的7层叠层                54.77
3        带有16nm厚的MgF2绝缘层的9层叠层    59.93
4        带有23nm厚的MgF2绝缘层的9层叠层    39.32
5        带有25nm厚的MgF2绝缘层的9层叠层    31.34
6        带有20nm厚的Al2O3绝缘层的9层叠层   34.00
如表1所示,浸润在NaOH中之后,样品2和3的ΔE大大高于带有更厚的绝缘层的试样4-6的ΔE。样品4-6示出了色彩差异,这些色彩差异可与没有异金属的样品1进行比较。
本发明可以以其它特殊的形式来实现而并不背离其精神或实质性特征。所描述的实施例在各个方面都应认为仅是示范性的而不是限制性的。因此,本发明的范围由所附的权利要求书而并不是由前面的描述指明。与所述权利要求等同的意义和范围内的所有变化都包括在权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (31)

1.一种磁性颜料片,包括:
具有第一主要表面、相对的第二主要表面和至少一个侧面表面的中央磁层;
位于所述磁层的第一主要表面上的第一绝缘层;
位于所述磁层的第二主要表面上的第二绝缘层;
位于所述第一绝缘层上面的第一反射层;和
位于所述第二绝缘层上面的第二反射层;
其中所述这些绝缘层具有实质上避免所述颜料片被腐蚀的有效厚度。
2.如权利要求1所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层是彼此邻接的,并覆盖中央磁层的侧面表面,因此包封中央磁层,其中,所述第一反射层和第二反射层是邻接的,覆盖并包封所述绝缘层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述颜料片呈现出与所述反射层的反射率对应的反射率,并呈现出基于所述磁层的相对磁性的磁性特征。
4.如权利要求1所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一和第二绝缘层位于所述第一和第二主要表面的每一个表面之上,但并不位于所述磁层的至少一个侧面的表面上。
5.如权利要求1所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一和第二反射层形成实质上将所述磁层和所述绝缘层包围的邻接反射层的一部分。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括软磁性材料。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括矫顽磁力小于20000e的材料。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括矫顽磁力小于300Oe的材料。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由铁、镍、钴、钆、铽、镝、铒、及其合金或氧化物组成。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由Fe/Si、Fe/Ni、Fe/Co、Fe/Ni/Mo、和它们的组合组成。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括硬磁性材料。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由SmCo5、NdCo5、Sm2Co17、Nd2Fe14B、TbFe2、和它们的组合组成。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由Fe3O4、NiFe2O4、MnFe2O4、CoFe2O4、YIG、GdIG、和它们的组合组成。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述磁层有一个20nm到3000nm的物理厚度。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层包括电介质材料。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层包括选自一个组的至少一种材料,所述组由氧化铝、氟化镁、氧化镍、和它们的组合组成。
17.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层有一个至少为10nm的物理厚度。
18.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述反射层包括选自一个组的反射材料,所述组由铝、银、铜、金、铂、锡、钛、钯、镍、钴、铑、铌、铬、铱、和它们的组合或合金组成。
19.如权利要求1或2所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述反射层有一个20nm到1000nm的物理厚度。
20.一种磁性着色剂组合物,包括:
颜料介质;和
分散在所述颜料介质中的多个颜料片,所述颜料片具有与权利要求1或2所限定的颜料片实质上相同的多层结构。
21.如权利要求20所述的着色剂组合物,其特征在于,所述颜料介质包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由丙烯酸三聚氰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、乙烯树脂、丙烯酸脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、环氧树脂、苯乙烯、基于醇酸树脂的墨水和涂料配方,以及它们的混合物。
22.如权利要求1所述的颜料片,还包括:
位于所述第一反射层上面的第一电介质层;
位于所述第二反射层上面的第二电介质层;
位于所述第一电介质层上面的第一吸收层;和
位于所述第二电介质层上面的第二吸收层;
其中所述颜料片呈现出离散色彩偏移,使得所述颜料片具有以第一光入射角或视角时的第一色彩和以第二光入射角或视角时的不同于所述第一色彩的第二色彩,且所述这些绝缘层具有在实质上避免所述颜料片被腐蚀的有效厚度。
23.如权利要求22所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一和第二电介质层包括具有1.65或更小的折射率的电介质材料。
24.如权利要求22所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一和第二电介质层包括具有大于1.65的折射率的电介质材料。
25.如权利要求22所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述第一和第二反射层形成实质上将所述磁层和所述绝缘层包围的邻接反射层的一部分,所述第一和第二电介质层形成实质上将所述邻接反射层包围的邻接电介质层的一部分,所述第一和第二吸收层形成实质上将所述邻接电介质层包围的邻接吸收层的一部分。
26.如权利要求22所述的颜料片,还包括位于所述第一吸收层上面的第一透明覆盖涂层,和位于所述第二吸收层上面的第二透明覆盖涂层。
27.一种磁性色彩偏移着色剂组合物,包括:
颜料介质;和
分散在所述颜料介质中的多个色彩偏移颜料片,所述颜料片具有与权利要求22所限定的颜料片实质上相同的多层结构。
28.一种磁性颜料片,包括:
中央磁层;
实质上包围所述磁层的绝缘层;和
实质上包围所述绝缘层的反射层;
其中所述绝缘层具有在实质上避免所述颜料片被腐蚀的有效厚度。
29.如权利要求28所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层包括电介质材料。
30.如权利要求28所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层包括选自一个组的材料,所述组由氧化铝、氟化镁、氧化镍、和它们的组合组成。
31.如权利要求28所述的颜料片,其特征在于,所述绝缘层有一个20nm到40nm的物理厚度。
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