WO2011093490A1 - 鋼板及び鋼板製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼板及び鋼板製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011093490A1 WO2011093490A1 PCT/JP2011/051896 JP2011051896W WO2011093490A1 WO 2011093490 A1 WO2011093490 A1 WO 2011093490A1 JP 2011051896 W JP2011051896 W JP 2011051896W WO 2011093490 A1 WO2011093490 A1 WO 2011093490A1
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- steel sheet
- less
- crystal grains
- phase
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 25
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUZMQPZYCDIHQL-VCTVXEGHSA-L calcium;(2s)-1-[(2s)-3-[(2r)-2-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)propanoyl]sulfanyl-2-methylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].N([C@H](C)C(=O)SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C([O-])=O)C(=O)C1CCCCC1.N([C@H](C)C(=O)SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C([O-])=O)C(=O)C1CCCCC1 CUZMQPZYCDIHQL-VCTVXEGHSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001568 polygonal ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate and a steel plate manufacturing method.
- This steel plate is a high-strength steel plate excellent in elongation and V-bendability, and further in press molding stability, which is suitable for structural materials such as automobiles that are mainly pressed and used.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-011993 filed in Japan on January 29, 2010 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-032667 filed on February 17, 2010 in Japan. And the contents thereof are incorporated herein.
- Steel sheets used in automobile body structures are required to have excellent elongation and V bendability in addition to high strength.
- TRIP Transformation Induced Plasticity
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for ensuring a high fraction of retained austenite phase and controlling two types of ferrite phases (bainitic ferrite phase and polygonal ferrite phase) for the purpose of further increasing the elongation of retained austenitic steel. Has been.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for defining the shape of an austenite phase by an aspect ratio for the purpose of securing elongation and shape freezing property.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for optimizing the austenite phase distribution for the purpose of increasing elongation.
- Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 disclose a technique for improving local ductility by homogenizing the structure.
- the retained austenitic steel is a steel in which the retained austenite phase is contained in the steel structure by increasing the C concentration of austenite by controlling the ferrite transformation and bainite transformation during annealing, but the retained austenitic steel is a mixed structure.
- High V bendability local bendability
- the TRIP effect is temperature dependent, but in actual press molding, the temperature of the mold changes during press molding. For this reason, when the TRIP steel sheet is press-molded, defects such as cracks may occur in the early stage of press molding at, for example, about 25 ° C. and in the later stage of press molding at, for example, about 150 ° C., and there is a problem in press molding stability. Therefore, in addition to high elongation and V bendability, it has been a practical problem to realize excellent press molding stability independent of temperature changes during press molding.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate having a higher elongation and V-bendability than those of the prior art and having excellent press molding stability and a method for producing the same.
- the chemical component is in mass%: C: 0.05% to 0.35%; Si: 0.05% to 2.0%; Mn: 0.8% Al: 0.01% to 2.0%; P: 0.1% or less; S: 0.05% or less; N: 0.01% or less;
- the balance consists of iron and inevitable impurities, and contains a ferrite phase, a bainite phase, and a tempered martensite phase in a total area of 50% or more, a residual austenite phase in an area ratio of 3% or more, and a number ratio of 50 % Or more of the residual austenite phase crystal grains satisfy the formula 1 where Cgc is the carbon concentration at the center of gravity and Cgb is the carbon concentration at the grain boundary position.
- the average grain size of the crystal grains is 10 ⁇ m or less, and the average carbon concentration in the residual austenite phase is 0.7% or more and 1.5% or less. Also good.
- the crystal grains having a number ratio of 40% or more are small-diameter crystal grains having an average grain size of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 2 ⁇ m, and the number ratio is 20% or more.
- the crystal grains may be large crystal grains having an average grain size of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the small-diameter crystal grains having a number ratio of 50% or more satisfy Formula 2 where the carbon concentration at the center of gravity is CgcS and the carbon concentration at the grain boundary is CgbS.
- the large-diameter crystal grains having a number ratio of 50% or more may satisfy Equation 3 with the carbon concentration at the center of gravity as CgcL and the carbon concentration at the grain boundary position as CgbL.
- the steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (5) may have a galvanized film applied to at least one side.
- the steel sheet described in any one of (1) to (5) above may have a zinc alloy plating film applied to at least one side.
- the slab having the chemical component described in (1) or (2) above is hot-rolled by hot rolling at a finishing temperature of 850 ° C. or higher and 970 ° C. or lower.
- a cold rolling process for producing a cold rolled steel sheet by cold rolling an annealing process for annealing the cold rolled steel sheet at a maximum temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower; and the annealed cold rolled steel sheet 350 ° C. or more and 480 ° C. or less at an average cooling rate of 0.1 ° C./second or more and 200 ° C./second or less
- the steel plate manufacturing method according to (8) may use a slab that is cooled to 1100 ° C.
- the steel plate manufacturing method according to (8) may further include a dipping step of dipping the steel plate in a hot dip galvanizing bath after the holding step.
- the steel sheet manufacturing method according to (11) may further include an alloying treatment step of performing an alloying treatment in a range of 500 ° C. or higher and 580 ° C. or lower after the dipping step.
- the C concentration gradient in the retained austenite phase is appropriately controlled, an extremely stable retained austenite phase can be obtained.
- the TRIP effect of retained austenite can exhibit extremely high elongation and high V bendability despite its high strength.
- the TRIP functional stability of retained austenite can be dispersed and excellent press molding stability independent of temperature changes during press molding can be achieved. It can be demonstrated.
- the C concentration gradient of the small crystal grains and the C concentration gradient of the large crystal grains are appropriately controlled, more excellent press forming stability can be exhibited.
- the chemical composition of steel contains C, Si, Mn, and Al as basic elements.
- C (C: 0.05-0.35%) C is an extremely important element for increasing the strength of the steel and securing the retained austenite phase. If the C content is less than 0.05%, sufficient strength cannot be secured, and a sufficient retained austenite phase cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.35%, ductility and spot weldability are significantly deteriorated.
- the C content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, for the C content, the lower limit is defined as 0.05%, preferably 0.08%, more preferably 0.15%, and the upper limit is 0.35%, preferably 0.26%. Preferably it is specified to 0.22%.
- Si 0.05-2.0%
- Si is an important element from the viewpoint of securing strength.
- the Si content is 0.05% or more, an effect of contributing to the formation of a retained austenite phase and ensuring ductility is obtained.
- the Si content exceeds 2.0%, these effects are saturated, and the steel is likely to be embrittled.
- the upper limit value may be defined as 1.8%.
- the Si content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, for the Si content, the lower limit is defined as 0.05%, preferably 0.1%, more preferably 0.5%, and the upper limit is 2.0%, preferably 1.8%. Preferably it is specified to 1.6%.
- Mn is an important element from the viewpoint of securing strength.
- Mn content 0.8% or more, an effect of contributing to generation of a retained austenite phase and ensuring ductility can be obtained.
- Mn content exceeds 3.0%, the hardenability is enhanced, so that the martensite phase is generated instead of the retained austenite phase, and an excessive increase in strength tends to be caused. As a result, product variation increases and ductility is insufficient.
- the Mn content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, for the Mn content, the lower limit is defined as 0.8%, preferably 0.9%, more preferably 1.2%, and the upper limit is 3.0%, preferably 2.8%. Preferably it is specified to 2.6%.
- the Al content is 0.01% or more, the effect of ensuring ductility by contributing to the formation of the retained austenite phase is obtained as in the case of Si.
- the Al content exceeds 2.0%, the effect is saturated and the steel is embrittled.
- the Al content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, for the Al content, the lower limit is 0.01%. Preferably, it is defined as 0.015%, more preferably more than 0.04%, and the upper limit is defined as 2.0%, preferably 1.8%, more preferably less than 1.4%.
- the upper limit is desirably set to 1.8%.
- the Si + Al content is defined as a lower limit of 0.8%, preferably 0.9%, more preferably 1.0%, and an upper limit of 4.0%, preferably 3.0%. Preferably it is specified to 2.0%.
- P content is restrict
- S is an element that degrades local ductility and weldability by generating MnS. For this reason, the S content is limited to 0.05% or less. Since S is inevitably contained in steel, the lower limit is more than 0%. However, since it takes a great deal of cost to limit the S content to a very low level, the lower limit is set to 0.0005% or 0.001. % May be specified. Further, in consideration of the above-described characteristics, the S content may be defined in a narrower range. Accordingly, the S content is limited to 0.05% or less, preferably 0.01% or less, more preferably less than 0.004%. Further, the lower limit value may be specified to be more than 0%, 0.0005%, or more than 0.001%.
- N 0.01% or less
- the lower limit is specified to be more than 0%.
- the lower limit is set to 0.001% or 0%. It may be specified to exceed .002.
- the N content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, the N content is limited to 0.01% or less, preferably 0.008% or less, and more preferably less than 0.005%.
- the above steel contains iron and inevitable impurities as the balance. Inevitable impurities include Sn, As and the like mixed from scrap. Moreover, you may contain another element in the range which does not impair the characteristic of this invention.
- the steel described above may contain at least one of Mo, Nb, Ti, V, Cr, W, Ca, Mg, Zr, REM, Cu, Ni, and B as a selective element.
- Mo 0.01-0.5%
- Mo content is 0.01% or more, the effect which suppresses the production
- the content is preferably 0.3% or less.
- the Mo content may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, when Mo is contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified as 0.01%, preferably 0.02%, and the upper limit is 0.5%, preferably 0.3%, more preferably You may prescribe
- Nb, Ti, V, Cr, and W are elements that generate fine carbide, nitride, or carbonitride, and are effective in securing strength.
- the lower limit value of Nb is 0.005%
- the lower limit value of Ti is 0.005%
- the lower limit value of V is 0.005%
- the lower limit value of Cr is 0.05%
- the lower limit value of W May be specified as 0.05%.
- the upper limit of Nb is 0.1%
- the upper limit of Ti is 0.2%
- the upper limit of V is 0.5%
- the upper limit of Cr is 5.0%
- the upper limit of W May be specified as 5.0%.
- the content of each element may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, when Nb is contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.005%, preferably 0.01%, and the upper limit is 0.1%, preferably 0.05%, more preferably You may prescribe
- the lower limit When Ti is contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.005%, preferably 0.01%, and the upper limit is 0.2%, preferably 0.1%, more preferably You may prescribe
- the lower limit When V is contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.005%, preferably 0.01%, and the upper limit is 0.5%, preferably 0.3%, more preferably You may prescribe
- Cr contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.05%, preferably 0.1%, and the upper limit is 5.0%, preferably 3.0%, more preferably You may prescribe
- W When W is contained in the steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.05%, preferably 0.1%, and the upper limit is 5.0%, preferably 3.0%, more preferably You may prescribe
- Ca, Mg, Zr, and REM (rare earth elements) improve the local ductility and hole expansibility by controlling the shapes of sulfides and oxides. For this reason, you may prescribe
- the lower limit when Ca is contained in steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.0005%, preferably 0.001%, and the upper limit is 0.05%, preferably 0.01%, more preferably. You may prescribe
- Mg is contained in the steel
- the lower limit may be specified to 0.0005%, preferably 0.001%, and the upper limit is 0.05%, preferably 0.01%, more preferably You may prescribe
- Zr is contained in steel
- the lower limit when Zr is contained in steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.0005%, preferably 0.001%, and the upper limit is 0.05%, preferably 0.01%, more preferably You may prescribe
- REM when REM is contained in steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.0005%, preferably 0.001%, and the upper limit is 0.05%, preferably 0.01%, more preferably. You may prescribe
- Cu 0.02 to 2.0%) (Ni: 0.02 to 1.0%) (B: 0.0003 to 0.007%)
- Cu, Ni, and B can delay the transformation and increase the strength of the steel.
- the lower limit value of Cu may be specified as 0.02%, the lower limit value of Ni as 0.02%, and the lower limit value of B as 0.0003%.
- the upper limit of Cu 2.0%
- the upper limit of Ni 1.0%
- the upper limit of B as 0.007%.
- the content of each element may be defined in a narrower range. Therefore, when Cu is contained in steel, the lower limit may be specified to 0.02%, preferably 0.04%, and the upper limit is 2.0%, preferably 1.5%, more preferably You may prescribe
- the steel structure of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is an area ratio and contains a ferrite phase, a bainite phase, and a tempered martensite phase in total of 50% or more, preferably 60%, more preferably 70% or more with respect to the entire structure. To do. Further, this steel structure contains a residual austenite phase of 3% or more, preferably more than 5%, more preferably more than 10% with respect to the entire structure.
- the tempered martensite phase may be contained according to the required steel plate strength, and may be 0%. If the pearlite phase is 5% or less, even if it is contained in the steel structure, the material is not significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the pearlite phase may be contained in a range of 5% or less.
- the C concentration in the retained austenite phase cannot be increased. Therefore, even if the retained austenite phase has a concentration gradient, the phase stability It becomes difficult to ensure the properties, and the V bendability deteriorates. On the other hand, if the ferrite phase, bainite phase, and tempered martensite phase exceed 95% in total, it becomes difficult to secure 3% or more of the retained austenite phase and causes a decrease in elongation. preferable.
- the C concentration distribution of the residual austenite phase crystal grains is appropriately controlled. That is, the C concentration (Cgb) at the phase interface in contact with the ferrite phase, bainite phase, or tempered martensite phase of the crystal grains of the residual austenite phase is compared with the C concentration (Cgc) at the center of gravity of the crystal grains. Controlled to be higher. Thereby, the stability of the retained austenite phase at the phase interface can be improved, and excellent elongation and V bendability can be exhibited.
- Cgb and Cgc may be measured by any measurement method as long as accuracy is guaranteed. For example, it can be obtained by measuring C concentration at a pitch of 0.5 ⁇ m or less using EPMA attached to FE-SEM.
- the C concentration (Cgb) at the phase interface means the C concentration at the measurement point on the crystal grain side closest to the grain boundary.
- Cgb may be measured low due to the influence of the outside of the crystal grains.
- the highest C concentration in the vicinity of the grain boundary is defined as Cgb.
- the average grain size of the residual austenite phase crystal grains may be 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 4 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- particle diameter means an average equivalent circle diameter
- average particle diameter means the number average thereof.
- the average carbon concentration in the retained austenite phase contributes greatly to the stability of retained austenite, as does the C concentration gradient. If the average C concentration is less than 0.7%, the stability of retained austenite becomes extremely low, so that the TRIP effect cannot be obtained effectively, and the elongation decreases. On the other hand, even if the average C concentration exceeds 1.5%, the effect of improving the elongation is saturated and the manufacturing cost increases. For this reason, the average carbon concentration in the retained austenite phase may be defined with an upper limit of 0.7%, preferably 0.8%, more preferably 0.9%, and a lower limit of 1.5%, preferably May be defined as 1.4%, more preferably 1.3%.
- the grain sizes of the residual austenite phase grains may be appropriately distributed, and the residual austenite phases having different stability may be uniformly dispersed.
- the highly stable residual austenite phase contributes to the press formability at the initial stage of press molding at, for example, about 25 ° C.
- the low stable austenite phase contributes to the press formability at the later stage of, for example, about 150 ° C. Contribute. For this reason, in addition to high elongation and V bendability, excellent press molding stability can also be exhibited.
- the crystal grains having a number ratio of 40% or more are small-diameter crystal grains having a grain size of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 2 ⁇ m, and the number ratio of 20% or more is 2 ⁇ m or more. Large-diameter crystal grains having a diameter are preferable.
- austenite grains having different stability are uniformly dispersed, excellent press molding stability can be realized.
- Grains smaller than 0.5 ⁇ m (very small crystal grains) are extremely difficult to give a C concentration gradient, and become extremely unstable residual austenite phase grains, and thus contribute to the press formability.
- Grains small-diameter grains of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 2 ⁇ m have a large concentration of carbon flowing in from adjacent grains, making it possible to maintain a large concentration gradient in the product, and relatively stable residual austenite phase grains It becomes. This effect can be exhibited by the presence of 40% or more of the small-diameter crystal grains in the number ratio.
- Grains (large diameter grains) of 2 ⁇ m or more become residual austenite phase grains having a relatively low stability with a small amount of carbon inflow from adjacent grains and a small concentration gradient. This residual austenite phase tends to cause the TRIP effect in the low press range. This effect can be exhibited by the presence of 20% or more of the large crystal grains in the number ratio.
- an appropriate C concentration gradient may be given for each crystal size of the retained austenite phase.
- a small-diameter crystal grain having a number ratio of 50%, preferably 55%, more preferably 60% or more has a carbon concentration at the center of gravity as CgcS and a carbon concentration at the grain boundary position as CgbS. 2 and a number ratio of 50% or more, preferably 55%, more preferably 60% or more large-diameter crystal grains, the carbon concentration at the center of gravity is CgcL, and the carbon concentration at the grain boundary is CgbL.
- the small-diameter crystal grains having a value of CgbS / CgcS exceeding 1.3 are 50% or more in terms of the number ratio with respect to all the small-diameter crystal grains, the small-diameter crystal grains have high stability, so that Elongation can be increased.
- such stable retained austenite decreases in elongation at a high temperature in the latter half of press molding.
- the large-diameter crystal grains having a value of CgbL / CgcL of more than 1.1 and less than 1.3 are 50% or more in terms of the number ratio to the total large-diameter grains, the large-diameter grains are low.
- the value of CgbL / CgcL is less than 1.1, it will affect the elongation at a higher temperature, so that the elongation at 150 ° C. or less deteriorates.
- the large-diameter crystal grains satisfying Equation 3 are 50% or more, preferably 55% More preferably, 60% is necessary.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment may have a galvanized film or a zinc alloy plated film on at least one side.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes at least a hot rolling process, an air cooling process, a winding process, a cold rolling process, an annealing process, a holding process, and a final cooling process.
- a hot rolling process includes at least a hot rolling process, an air cooling process, a winding process, a cold rolling process, an annealing process, a holding process, and a final cooling process.
- Hot rolling process In the hot rolling process, hot rolling is performed on a cast slab (slab) immediately after continuous casting or a cast slab cooled to 1100 ° C. or lower and then reheated to 1100 ° C. or higher. Manufacture steel sheets. When the reheated cast slab is used, if the reheat temperature is less than 1100 ° C., the homogenous treatment becomes insufficient, and the strength and the V bendability are lowered.
- the finishing temperature in this hot rolling step is preferably 850 ° C. or higher and 970 ° C. or lower because higher temperature is desirable from the viewpoint of recrystallization and growth of austenite grains.
- finishing temperature of hot rolling When the finishing temperature of hot rolling is less than 850 ° C., it becomes (ferrite + austenite) two-phase region rolling, resulting in a decrease in ductility. On the other hand, when the finishing temperature of hot rolling exceeds 970 ° C., the austenite grain size becomes coarse, the ferrite phase fraction decreases, and the ductility decreases.
- the amount of reduction in the final two passes (final pre-stage and final stage) in hot rolling is preferably small. Good. Further, the rolling reduction rate in the final one pass (final stage) may be set to 15% or less, or 10% or less. Thereby, the size of the crystal grain of a retained austenite phase can be disperse
- the hot-rolled steel sheet obtained as described above is cooled (air cooling) for 1 second or more and 10 seconds or less. If the air cooling time is less than 1 second, recrystallization / growth of austenite grains becomes insufficient, and the crystal grains of the retained austenite phase in the final structure become small. On the other hand, if the air cooling time exceeds 10 seconds, the austenite grains become coarse, so that the uniformity is lost and the elongation deteriorates.
- the air cooling time is preferably set to 5 seconds or less, more preferably 3 seconds or less.
- Winding process In the winding process, after the air-cooled hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled to a temperature range of 650 ° C. or less at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./second or more and 200 ° C./second or less, it is 650 ° C. or less, preferably 600 ° C. or less. Preferably it winds in the temperature range of 400 degrees C or less.
- the average cooling rate is less than 10 ° C./second or the coiling temperature exceeds 650 ° C., a pearlite phase that significantly deteriorates the V bendability is generated.
- the lower limit is set to 10 ° C./second, preferably 30 ° C./second, more preferably 40 ° C./second
- the upper limit is 200 ° C./second, preferably 150 ° C./second, more preferably. Is set to 120 ° C./sec.
- a minimum is set to 200 degreeC, Preferably it is 400 degreeC, More preferably, it is set to 650 degreeC, and an upper limit is set to 600 degreeC or 550 degreeC.
- Cold rolling process In the cold rolling step, the rolled hot-rolled steel sheet is pickled and then cold-rolled at a rolling reduction of 40% or more to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the rolling reduction is less than 40%, recrystallization and reverse transformation during annealing are suppressed, and elongation decreases.
- the upper limit of the rolling reduction here is not particularly specified, but may be 90% or 70%.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet is annealed at a maximum temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower. If the maximum temperature is less than 700 ° C., the recrystallization of the ferrite phase during annealing is delayed, causing a decrease in elongation. If it exceeds 900 ° C., the martensite fraction increases and the elongation decreases.
- a minimum is set to 700 degreeC, Preferably it is 720 degreeC, More preferably, it exceeds 750 degreeC, and an upper limit is set to 900 degreeC, Preferably it is 880 degreeC, More preferably, it is set to less than 850 degreeC.
- about 1% skin pass rolling may be performed for the purpose of suppressing the yield point elongation.
- the annealed cold rolled steel sheet is 350 ° C. or higher and 480 ° C. or lower at an average cooling rate of 0.1 ° C./second or more and 200 ° C./second or less. And is held in this temperature range for 1 second or more and 1000 seconds or less.
- the average cooling rate is set to 0.1 ° C./second or more and 200 ° C./second or less. If the average cooling rate is less than 0.1 ° C./second, the transformation cannot be controlled.
- the lower limit is set to 0.1 ° C./second, preferably 2 ° C./second, more preferably 3 ° C./second
- the upper limit is 200 ° C./second, preferably 150 ° C./second, more Preferably, it is set to 120 ° C./second.
- the cooling end point temperature and the subsequent holding are important in controlling the bainite formation and determining the C concentration of retained austenite.
- the cooling end point temperature is less than 350 ° C., a large amount of martensite is generated, the steel strength becomes excessively high, and furthermore, it becomes difficult to leave austenite.
- the cooling end point temperature exceeds 480 ° C., the bainite transformation is delayed, and further, cementite is generated during the holding, and the concentration of C in the retained austenite is lowered.
- the lower limit of the cooling end point temperature and the holding temperature is set to 350 ° C., preferably 380 ° C., more preferably 390 ° C.
- the upper limit is set to 480 ° C., preferably 470 ° C., more preferably 460 ° C.
- Holding time shall be 1 second or more and 1000 seconds or less. If the holding time is less than 1 second, the bainite transformation does not occur sufficiently, and C concentration to residual austenite becomes insufficient. When it exceeds 1000 seconds, cementite is generated in the austenite phase, and the concentration of C tends to decrease. For this reason, the lower limit of the holding time is set to 1 second, preferably 10 seconds, more preferably 40 seconds, and the upper limit is set to 1000 seconds, preferably 600 seconds, more preferably 400 seconds.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet after holding is primarily cooled at an average cooling rate of 5 ° C./second to 25 ° C./second in a temperature range from 350 ° C. to 220 ° C., and further from 120 ° C. to near room temperature.
- the slight transformation that occurs during cooling after OA plays an important role in increasing the C concentration near the grain boundary in austenite. For this reason, in the primary cooling, the steel sheet is cooled in the temperature range from 350 ° C. to 220 ° C.
- the lower limit is set to 5 ° C./second, preferably 6 ° C./second, more preferably more than 7 ° C./second, and the upper limit is 20 ° C./second, preferably 19 ° C./second. More preferably, it is set to less than 18 ° C./second.
- the diffusion of C is further limited, and transformation is less likely to occur.
- the steel sheet is cooled at an average cooling rate of 100 ° C./second or more in the temperature range from 120 ° C. to near room temperature, and the C concentration gradient in the austenite phase is achieved at 350 ° C.
- the steel sheet is cooled at an average cooling rate of 5 ° C./second or less in the temperature range from 120 ° C. to near room temperature, and the C concentration gradient in the austenite phase becomes more remarkable.
- the average cooling rate in the secondary cooling is more than 5 ° C./second and less than 100 ° C./second, not only the transformation does not occur but also the C concentration at the grain boundary decreases.
- the average cooling rate of the secondary cooling is set to 5 ° C./second or less, preferably 4 ° C./second or less, more preferably 3 ° C./second or less, or 100 ° C./second or more, preferably 120 ° C./second. It is set to 150 ° C./second or more, more preferably 150 ° C./second or more.
- the C concentration gradient in the retained austenite phase is controlled by controlling the cooling conditions after the C in the retained austenite phase is concentrated by bainite transformation. It is possible to control the concentration to be high. Moreover, it is possible to increase the stability of the retained austenite phase by combining with C enrichment in the austenite phase during cooling after annealing. Moreover, when the size of the crystal grains of the retained austenite phase is dispersed to uniformly disperse the C concentration gradient of the retained austenite phase, the press molding stability of the steel sheet can be improved.
- This technology can also be applied to the manufacture of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets.
- the steel plate is immersed in a hot dip galvanizing bath after the holding step and before the final cooling step. Furthermore, it is possible to perform an alloying treatment after the immersion.
- the alloying treatment is performed in the range of 500 ° C. or higher and 580 ° C. If it is less than 500 ° C., alloying becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 580 ° C., it becomes an overalloy and the corrosion resistance is remarkably deteriorated.
- the present invention is not affected by casting conditions.
- a special casting method such as a thin slab or a hot rolling method may be used without being affected by a casting method (continuous casting or ingot casting) or a difference in slab thickness.
- the present invention will be further described based on examples, but the conditions in the examples are condition examples adopted to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these condition examples.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- cast slabs A to V (steel components of examples) having the chemical components shown in Table 1 and cast slabs a to g (steel components of comparative examples) were produced.
- Table 2 shows the reduction ratios and finishing temperatures in the sixth and seventh stages corresponding to the final two passes in hot rolling. Thereafter, the hot-rolled steel sheet that had been air-cooled for a predetermined time was cooled to about 550 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 60 ° C./second, and then wound at about 540 ° C. The wound hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and then cold-rolled at a reduction rate of 50% to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- annealing treatment was performed at the maximum annealing temperature shown in Table 2. After annealing, 1% skin pass rolling was performed for the purpose of suppressing yield point elongation.
- the steel sheet after annealing was cooled and held in order to perform an overaging treatment.
- the cooling rate, holding temperature, and holding time here are shown in Table 2.
- some steel plates were subjected to alloying treatment at a predetermined alloying temperature after the retained steel plate was immersed in a hot dip galvanizing bath.
- primary cooling cooling in the range of 350 to 220 ° C.
- secondary cooling cooling in the range of 120 to 20 ° C.
- Table 3 and Table 4 show the steel structure and steel plate characteristics of the steel plates thus obtained.
- the ratio of ferrite + bainite + tempered martensite “the ratio of retained austenite phase”, “the ratio of crystal grains satisfying formula 1”, “the ratio of small-diameter grains”, “large-diameter grains” “Ratio of small diameter grains satisfying formula 2”, “Ratio of large diameter grains satisfying formula 3”, “Average grain size”, and “Average C concentration in residual austenite phase” did.
- tensile strength “25 degreeC elongation”, “V bendability”, and "150 degreeC elongation” were evaluated.
- Identification of structure, observation of existing position, and measurement of average particle diameter (average equivalent circle diameter) and occupancy ratio are 500 times to 1000 times by corroding a steel sheet rolling direction cross section or a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction with a night reagent. was quantified by observation with an optical microscope.
- the “remaining austenite phase ratio” is measured on a surface that is chemically polished from the surface layer of the steel sheet to 1 ⁇ 4 thickness, and the (200) and (211) area strength of ferrite and the austenite ( 200), (220) and (311) residual austenite was quantified and determined from the area strength.
- the “average C concentration in the retained austenite phase” (C ⁇ ) is a lattice constant (unit: unit) based on the reflection angle of the (200) plane, (220) plane, and (311) plane of austenite in a line analysis using Cu—K ⁇ rays. : Angstrom) was calculated according to the following formula A.
- C ⁇ (lattice constant ⁇ 3.572) /0.033 (formula A)
- steel a does not satisfy the C upper limit specified by the present invention
- steel b does not satisfy the C lower limit
- steels c, d, and e do not satisfy the upper limits of S, Si, and Mn, respectively.
- Steel f does not satisfy the lower limits of Si and Al.
- Steel g does not satisfy the lower limit of Si and the upper limit of Al.
- Steel plate A3 and steel plate A4 are steel plates manufactured with a high rolling reduction in the final two passes.
- the steel plate D3 is a steel plate manufactured by setting the maximum temperature during annealing low.
- the steel plate D4 is a steel plate manufactured with a large final primary cooling rate.
- the steel plate E3 is a steel plate manufactured with the final secondary cooling rate set to 50 ° C./second.
- the steel plate F3 is a steel plate manufactured with a holding temperature set low.
- the steel plate F4 is a steel plate manufactured with a high holding temperature.
- the steel plate H3 is a steel plate manufactured with a long holding time.
- the steel plate H4 is a steel plate manufactured with a final primary cooling rate set low.
- the steel plate J2 is a steel plate manufactured with a long air cooling time.
- the steel plate M2 is a steel plate manufactured with a short air cooling time.
- Steel plate a1 has a ferrite + bainite fraction outside the range, and steel plate b1 has an austenite fraction below the range.
- the steel sheet e1 has a low average C concentration in the austenite.
- the steel plate f1 and the steel plate g1 cannot secure an austenite fraction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between tensile strength and 25 ° C. elongation of steel plates according to Examples and Comparative Examples
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between tensile strength and V-bendability for the steel plates.
- FIG. 3 is the figure which showed the relationship between the tensile strength and 150 degreeC elongation of the steel plate which concerns on an Example and a comparative example. From FIG.1 and FIG.3, according to the steel plate and steel plate manufacturing method concerning this invention, it can confirm that high elongation is implement
- the present invention can provide a steel sheet having high elongation and V bendability as compared with the prior art, and further excellent in press molding stability, and a method for producing the same.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年1月29日に、日本に出願された特願2010-019193号、及び、2010年2月17日に、日本に出願された特願2010-032667号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
従って、高い伸びとV曲げ性に加え、プレス成型中の温度変化に依存しない優れたプレス成型安定性を実現することが実用上の課題となっていた。
(1)本願発明の第1の態様は、化学成分が、質量%で:C:0.05%~0.35%;Si:0.05%~2.0%;Mn:0.8%~3.0%;Al:0.01%~2.0%;を含有し、P:0.1%以下;S:0.05%以下;N:0.01%以下;に制限し、残部が鉄及び不可避的不純物からなり、フェライト相、ベイナイト相、及び焼き戻しマルテンサイト相を面積率で合計50%以上含有し、残留オーステナイト相を面積率で3%以上含有し、個数比で50%以上の前記残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgc、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbとして、式1を満たす鋼板である。
Cgb/Cgc≧1.2 … (式1)
(2)上記(1)に記載の鋼板では、前記化学成分が質量%で、更にMo:0.01~0.5%、Nb:0.005~0.1%、Ti:0.005~0.2%、V:0.005~0.5%、Cr:0.05~5.0%、W:0.05~5.0%、Ca:0.0005~0.05%、Mg:0.0005~0.05%、Zr:0.0005~0.05%、REM:0.0005~0.05%、Cu:0.02~2.0%、Ni:0.02~1.0%、B:0.0003~0.007%の少なくとも1種を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)に記載の鋼板では、前記結晶粒の平均粒径が10μm以下であり、前記残留オーステナイト相中の平均炭素濃度が0.7%以上、1.5%以下であってもよい。
(4)上記(1)に記載の鋼板では、個数比で40%以上の前記結晶粒が、1μm以上、2μm未満の平均粒径を有する小径結晶粒であり、個数比で20%以上の前記結晶粒が、2μm以上の平均粒径を有する大径結晶粒であってもよい。
(5)上記(4)に記載の鋼板では、個数比で50%以上の前記小径結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgcS、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbSとして、式2を満たし、個数比で50%以上の前記大径結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgcL、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbLとして、式3を満たしてもよい。
CgbS/CgcS>1.3 (式2)
1.3>CgbL/CgcL>1.1 (式3)
(6)上記(1)~(5)のいずれか1項に記載の鋼板は、少なくとも片面に付与された亜鉛めっき皮膜を有してもよい。
(7)上記(1)~(5)のいずれか1項に記載の鋼板は、少なくとも片面に付与された亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を有してもよい。
(8)本願発明の第2の態様は、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の化学成分を有する鋳片を、850℃以上、970℃以下の仕上げ温度で熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板を製造する熱間圧延工程と;前記熱延鋼板に対し、1秒以上、10秒以下の空冷を行う空冷工程と;空冷された前記熱延鋼板を、650℃以下の温度域まで平均で10℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下で冷却した後650℃以下の温度範囲で巻取る巻取り工程と;巻取られた前記熱延鋼板を、酸洗後、40%以上の圧下率で冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板を製造する冷間圧延工程と;前記冷延鋼板に対し、700℃以上、900℃以下の最高温度で焼鈍を施す焼鈍工程と;焼鈍された前記冷延鋼板を、0.1℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で350℃以上、480℃以下の温度域に冷却し、この温度域で1秒以上、1000秒以下保持する保持工程と;保持された前記冷延鋼板に対し、350℃から220℃までの温度域を5℃/秒以上25℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で一次冷却し、さらに120℃から常温近傍までの温度域を100℃/秒以上または5℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で二次冷却する最終冷却工程と;を備える鋼板製造方法である。
(9)上記(8)に記載の鋼板製造方法は、前記熱間圧延工程では、最終の2パスを各々20%以下のひずみ量にて圧延してもよい。
(10)上記(8)に記載の鋼板製造方法は、前記熱間圧延工程において、1100℃以下まで冷却された後に1100℃以上に再加熱された鋳片を用いてもよい。
(11)上記(8)に記載の鋼板製造方法は、前記保持工程の後に前記鋼板を溶融亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬する浸漬工程を更に備えてもよい。
(12)上記(11)に記載の鋼板製造方法は、前記浸漬工程の後に500℃以上、580℃以下の範囲で合金化処理を行う合金化処理工程を更に備えてもよい。
鋼の化学成分は基本元素としてC、Si、Mn、Alを含有する。
Cは、鋼の強度を高め、残留オーステナイト相を確保するために、極めて重要な元素である。C含有量が0.05%未満では十分な強度が確保できず、また、十分な残留オーステナイト相を得ることができない。一方、C含有量が0.35%を超えると、延性やスポット溶接性を著しく劣化させる。上述の特性を考慮し、C含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、C含有量については、下限値が0.05%、好ましくは0.08%、より好ましくは0.15%に規定され、上限値が0.35%、好ましくは0.26%、より好ましくは0.22%に規定される。
Siは強度確保の観点で重要な元素である。Si含有量が0.05%以上の場合、残留オーステナイト相の生成に寄与し延性を確保する効果が得られる。一方、Si含有量が2.0%を超える場合、これらの効果は飽和され、さらに、鋼の脆化を引き起こしやすくなる。溶融亜鉛めっき、化成処理のしやすさが必要な場合、上限値を1.8%に規定してもよい。上述の特性を考慮し、Si含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Si含有量については、下限値が0.05%、好ましくは0.1%、より好ましくは0.5%に規定され、上限値が2.0%、好ましくは1.8%、より好ましくは1.6%に規定される。
Mnは強度確保の観点で重要な元素である。Mn含有量が0.8%以上の場合、残留オーステナイト相の生成に寄与し延性を確保する効果が得られる。一方、Mn含有量が3.0%を超える場合、焼入れ性が高まるため、残留オーステナイト相に変わってマルテンサイト相が生成し、過度の強度上昇を招きやすくなる。その結果、製品のバラツキが大きくなり、さらに、延性が不足してしまう。上述の特性を考慮し、Mn含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Mn含有量については、下限値が0.8%、好ましくは0.9%、より好ましくは1.2%に規定され、上限値が3.0%、好ましくは2.8%、より好ましくは2.6%に規定される。
Al含有量が0.01%以上の場合、Siと同様、残留オーステナイト相の生成に寄与し延性を確保する効果が得られる。一方、Al含有量が2.0%を越える場合、効果は飽和し、かえって鋼を脆化させる。上述の特性を考慮し、Al含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Al含有量については、下限値が0.01%.好ましくは0.015%、より好ましくは0.04%超に規定され、上限値が2.0%、好ましくは1.8%、より好ましくは1.4%未満に規定される。
溶融亜鉛めっきを付与する場合、Alは溶融亜鉛めっき性を劣化させるため、その上限を1.8%とすることが望ましい。
この場合、Si+Al含有量について、下限値が0.8%、好ましくは0.9%、より好ましくは1.0%に規定され、上限値が4.0%、好ましくは3.0%、より好ましくは2.0%に規定される。
上述の鋼では、制限元素であるP、S、Nの含有量が以下のように制限される。
P含有量は、必要な鋼板強度に応じて制限される。P含有量が0.1%を超えると、粒界への偏析により局部延性を劣化させ、さらに、溶接性を劣化させる。このため、P含有量は0.1%以下に制限される。
Pは不可避的に鋼中に含まれるため、下限値は0%超であるが、P含有量を極めて低く制限するには多大なコストを要するため、下限値を0.001%又は0.006%に規定してもよい。上述の特性を考慮し、P含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、P含有量については、0.1%以下、好ましくは0.05%以下、より好ましくは0.01%以下に制限される。また、下限値については、0%超、0.001%、又は0.006%に規定されてもよい。
Sは、MnSを生成することで局部延性、溶接性を劣化させる元素である。このため、S含有量は0.05%以下に制限される。
Sは不可避的に鋼中に含まれるため、下限値は0%超であるが、S含有量を極めて低く制限するには多大なコストを要するため、下限値を0.0005%又は0.001%超に規定してもよい。また、上述の特性を考慮し、S含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、S含有量については、0.05%以下、好ましくは0.01%以下、より好ましくは0.004%未満に制限される。また、下限値については、0%超、0.0005%、又は0.001%超に規定されてもよい。
Nは、多量に含有すると、時効性を劣化させ、さらに、AlN析出量が多くなってAl添加の効果を減少させる。このため、N含有量は0.01%以下に制限される。
Nは不可避的に鋼中に含まれるため、下限値は0%超に規定されるが、N含有量を極めて低く制限するには多大なコストを要するため、下限値を0.001%又は0.002超に規定してもよい。また、上述の特性を考慮し、N含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、N含有量については、0.01%以下、好ましくは0.008%以下、より好ましくは0.005%未満に制限される。また、下限値については、0%超、0.001%、又は0.002%超に規定されてもよい。
上述の鋼は、残部として、鉄及び不可避的不純物を含有する。不可避的不純物としては、スクラップから混入するSn、As等が挙げられる。また、本発明の特性を損なわない範囲で他の元素を含有してもよい。
上述の鋼は、選択元素としてMo、Nb、Ti、V、Cr、W、Ca、Mg、Zr、REM、Cu、Ni、Bの少なくとも1種を含有してもよい。
Mo含有量が0.01%以上である場合、鋼中のパーライト相の生成を抑制する効果が得られる。このためMoは、焼鈍中の冷却速度が遅い場合、又は、めっきの合金化処理等で再加熱がなされる場合に重要となる元素である。しかし、Mo含有量が0.5%を超える場合、延性や化成処理性を劣化させることがある。より高い強度と延性のバランスを得るためには、0.3%以下とすることが好ましい。上述の特性を考慮し、Mo含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Moを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.01%、好ましくは0.02%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.5%、好ましくは0.3%、より好ましくは0.2%に規定してもよい。
(Ti:0.005~0.2%)
(V:0.005~0.5%)
(Cr:0.05~5.0%)
(W:0.05~5.0%)
Nb、Ti、V、Cr、Wは、微細な炭化物、窒化物、又は、炭窒化物を生成する元素であり、強度確保に有効である。強度確保の観点から、Nbの下限値を0.005%、Tiの下限値を0.005%、Vの下限値を0.005%、Crの下限値を0.05%、Wの下限値を0.05%に規定してもよい。
一方、これらの元素を過度に鋼中に添加すると、鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて延性が低下する。延性確保の観点から、Nbの上限値を0.1%、Tiの上限値を0.2%、Vの上限値を0.5%、Crの上限値を5.0%、Wの上限値を5.0%に規定してもよい。
また、上述の特性を考慮し、それぞれの元素の含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Nbを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.005%、好ましくは0.01%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.1%、好ましくは0.05%、より好ましくは0.03%に規定してもよい。
また、Tiを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.005%、好ましくは0.01%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.2%、好ましくは0.1%、より好ましくは0.07%に規定してもよい。
また、Vを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.005%、好ましくは0.01%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.5%、好ましくは0.3%、より好ましくは0.1%に規定してもよい。
また、Crを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.1%に規定してもよく、上限値を5.0%、好ましくは3.0%、より好ましくは1.0%に規定してもよい。
また、Wを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.1%に規定してもよく、上限値を5.0%、好ましくは3.0%、より好ましくは1.0%に規定してもよい。
(Mg:0.0005~0.05%)
(Zr:0.0005~0.05%)
(REM:0.0005~0.05%)
Ca、Mg、Zr、REM(希土類元素)は、硫化物及び酸化物の形状を制御して局部延性及び穴拡げ性を向上させる。このため、各元素の下限値を0.0005%に規定してもよい。
一方、鋼がこれらの元素を過度に含有する場合、加工性が劣化する。このため、各元素の上限値を0.05%に規定してもよい。
また、上述の特性を考慮し、それぞれの元素の含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Caを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.0005%、好ましくは0.001%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.005%に規定してもよい。
また、Mgを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.0005%、好ましくは0.001%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.005%に規定してもよい。
また、Zrを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.0005%、好ましくは0.001%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.005%に規定してもよい。
また、REMを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.0005%、好ましくは0.001%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.05%、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.005%に規定してもよい。
(Ni:0.02~1.0%)
(B:0.0003~0.007%)
Cu、Ni、Bは、変態を遅らせ鋼の強度を高める効果が得られることができる。このため、Cuの下限値を0.02%、Niの下限値を0.02%、Bの下限値を0.0003%に規定してもよい。
一方、それぞれの元素を過度に添加すると、焼入れ性が強くなりすぎ、フェライト変態、ベイナイト変態が遅くなるため、残留オーステナイト相へのC濃化を遅れさせる。このため、Cuの上限値を2.0%、Niの上限値を1.0%、Bの上限値を0.007%に規定してもよい。
また、上述の特性を考慮し、それぞれの元素の含有量をより狭い範囲に規定してもよい。
従って、Cuを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.02%、好ましくは0.04%に規定してもよく、上限値を2.0%、好ましくは1.5%、より好ましくは1.0%に規定してもよい。
また、Niを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.02%、好ましくは0.04%に規定してもよく、上限値を1.0%、好ましくは0.7%、より好ましくは0.5%に規定してもよい。
また、Bを鋼中に含有させる場合、下限値を0.0003%、好ましくは0.0005%に規定してもよく、上限値を0.007%、好ましくは0.005%、より好ましくは0.003%に規定してもよい。
Cgb/Cgc≧1.2 (式1)
0.5μm未満の粒(極小径結晶粒)はC濃度勾配を与えることが極めて困難であり、極めて不安定な残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒となることからプレス成形性への寄与が低い。0.5μm以上、2μm未満の粒(小径結晶粒)は多量の炭素が隣接粒から流れ込むため、成品で大きな濃度勾配を維持することが可能となり、比較的安定性の高い残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒となる。この小径結晶粒を個数比で40%以上存在させることでこの効果を発揮できる。2μm以上の粒(大径結晶粒)は隣接粒からの炭素流入量が少なく、濃度勾配が小さい、比較的低い安定性を持った残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒となる。この残留オーステナイト相は低プレス域でTRIP効果を起こしやすい。この大径結晶粒を個数比で20%以上存在させることでこの効果を発揮できる。
CgbS/CgcS>1.3 (式2)
1.3>CgbL/CgcL>1.1 (式3)
CgbS/CgcSの値が1.3を超える小径結晶粒が、全小径結晶粒に対する個数比で50%以上であれば、小径結晶粒が高い安定性を有することによりプレス成形初期の低温状態での伸びを高めることができる。一方、このような安定な残留オーステナイトは、プレス成型後期の高温状態での伸びが低下する。これを補償するべく、CgbL/CgcLの値が1.1超1.3未満である大径結晶粒が、全大径結晶粒に対する個数比で50%以上であれば、大径結晶粒が低い安定性を有することにより、プレス後期の高温状態での伸びの改善に効果的である。但し、CgbL/CgcLの値が1.1未満であると更に高い温度の伸びに作用してしまうことから150℃以下の伸びが劣化する。
熱間圧延工程では、連続鋳造された直後の鋳造スラブ(鋳片)、又は、1100℃以下まで冷却された後に1100℃以上に再加熱された鋳造スラブに対して熱間圧延を施し、熱延鋼板を製造する。再加熱された鋳造スラブを用いる場合、再加熱温度が1100℃未満では、均質処理が不十分となり、強度とV曲げ性の低下が生じる。この熱間圧延工程における仕上げ温度は、オーステナイト粒の再結晶・成長の観点からは高い方が望ましいため、850℃以上、970℃以下とする。熱間圧延の仕上げ温度が850℃未満では、(フェライト+オーステナイト)2相域圧延となり、延性の低下をもたらす。一方、熱間圧延の仕上げ温度が970℃を超えると、オーステナイト粒径が粗大になり、フェライト相分率が小さくなって、延性が低下する。
空冷工程では、上述のようにして得られた熱延鋼板に対し1秒以上、10秒以下の冷却(空冷)を行う。空冷時間が1秒未満ではオーステナイト粒の再結晶・成長が不十分となり、最終組織の残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒も小さくなる。一方で、空冷時間が10秒を超えるとオーステナイト粒の粗大化により、均一性が失われ、伸びが劣化する。空冷時間は、好ましくは5秒以下、より好ましくは3秒以下に設定される。
巻取り工程では、空冷された熱延鋼板を650℃以下の温度域まで、10℃/秒以上200℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で冷却した後、650℃以下、好ましくは600℃以下、より好ましくは400℃以下の温度範囲で巻取る。平均冷却速度が10℃/秒未満、又は、巻取り温度が650℃超では、V曲げ性を著しく劣化させるパーライト相が生成する。平均冷却速度が200℃/秒を超えると、パーライト抑制効果は飽和し、また、冷却終点温度のばらつきが大きくなり安定した材質を確保することが難しくなる。
このため、平均冷却速度については、下限が10℃/秒、好ましくは30℃/秒、より好ましくは40℃/秒に設定され、上限が200℃/秒、好ましくは150℃/秒、より好ましくは120℃/秒に設定される。また、巻取り温度については、下限が200℃、好ましくは400℃、より好ましくは650℃に設定され、上限が600℃又は550℃に設定される。
冷間圧延工程では、巻取られた熱延鋼板を、酸洗後、40%以上の圧下率で冷間圧延を施し、冷延鋼板を製造する。圧下率が40%未満では、焼鈍中の再結晶や逆変態が抑制されて、伸びの低下を起こす。ここでの圧下率の上限は特に規定されるものではないが、90%、又は70%であればよい。
焼鈍工程では、冷延鋼板に対し、700℃以上、900℃以下の最高温度で焼鈍を施す。最高温度が700℃未満では、焼鈍中のフェライト相の再結晶が遅れるため、伸びの低下を引き起こす。900℃超では、マルテンサイト分率が増加し、伸びの低下を起こす。
このため、焼鈍最高温度については、下限が700℃、好ましくは720℃、より好ましくは750℃超に設定され、上限が900℃、好ましくは880℃、より好ましくは850℃未満に設定される。
尚、焼鈍工程後には、降伏点伸びを抑制する目的から、約1%のスキンパス圧延を行ってもよい。
過時効処理(以下、OA)を行うために、保持工程では、焼鈍された冷延鋼板を、0.1℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で350℃以上、480℃以下の温度域に冷却し、この温度域で1秒以上、1000秒以下保持する。焼鈍後の冷却において、組織を凍結し、ベイナイト変態を効率的に引き起こすため、平均冷却速度は0.1℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下に設定される。平均冷却速度が0.1℃/秒未満では変態を制御できない。一方、平均冷却速度が200℃/秒を越えると、その効果は飽和し、また、残留オーステナイト生成に最も重要となる冷却終点温度の温度制御性を著しく劣化させる。従って、平均冷却速度については、下限が0.1℃/秒、好ましくは2℃/秒、より好ましくは3℃/秒に設定され、上限が200℃/秒、好ましくは150℃/秒、より好ましくは120℃/秒に設定される。
最終冷却工程では、保持後の冷延鋼板に対し、350℃から220℃までの温度域を5℃/秒以上25℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で一次冷却し、さらに120℃から常温近傍までの温度域を100℃/秒以上または5℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で二次冷却する。
OA後の冷却中に起こる微かな変態は、オーステナイト中の粒界近傍のC濃度を増す上で重要な役割を担う。このため、一次冷却では、350℃から220℃までの温度域を平均冷却速度5℃/秒以上25℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で鋼板を冷却する。350℃から220℃までの温度域の冷却速度が25℃/秒を超えると、この間に変態が進まず、オーステナイト中へのC濃化が起こらない。一方、350℃から220℃までの温度域の冷却速度が5℃/秒未満だと、オーステナイト中でCの拡散が進み、Cの濃度勾配が小さくなる。
従って、一次冷却の平均冷却速度については、下限が5℃/秒、好ましくは6℃/秒、より好ましくは7℃/秒超に設定され、上限が20℃/秒、好ましくは19℃/秒、より好ましくは18℃/秒未満に設定される。
また、120℃以下の低温域では、Cの拡散がさらに限定され、変態が起こりにくくなる。このため、二次冷却では、120℃から常温近傍までの温度範囲を平均冷却速度100℃/秒以上で鋼板を冷却して、オーステナイト相中のC濃度勾配を350℃から220℃で達成したままとする。あるいは、二次冷却では、120℃から常温近傍までの温度範囲を平均冷却速度5℃/秒以下で鋼板を冷却して、オーステナイト相中のC濃度勾配をより著しいものとする。二次冷却において平均冷却速度を5℃/秒超100℃/秒未満とすると、変態が起きないばかりでなく、粒界のC濃度の低下が発生する。
従って、二次冷却の平均冷却速度については、5℃/秒以下、好ましくは4℃/秒以下、より好ましくは3℃/秒以下に設定するか、あるいは、100℃/秒以上、好ましくは120℃/秒以上、より好ましくは150℃/秒以上に設定する。
また、残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒のサイズを分散させて残留オーステナイト相のC濃度勾配を均一に分散させる場合、鋼板のプレス成型安定性を向上させることができる。
Cγ=(格子定数-3.572)/0.033 … (式A)
「V曲げ性」は、V曲げ試験で割れの発生しない最小のRで評価した。V曲げ試験は、30mm×200mmの試験片を、種々のRをもつV字ブロックを用いて、90度に曲げて行った。支え間は95mmとし、支え台でしわ押さえ力(BHF)を98kNとした。割れの判定は、目視又は拡大鏡を用いた観察で行い、表面に亀裂又はくびれが発生したものを割れと判定した。
鋼板D3は、焼鈍時の最高温度が低く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板D4は、最終の一次冷却速度が大きく設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板E3は、最終の二次冷却速度が50℃/秒に設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板F3は、保持温度が低く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板F4は、保持温度が高く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板H3は、保持時間が長く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板H4は、最終一次冷却速度が小さく設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板J2は、空冷時間が長く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
鋼板M2は、空冷時間が短く設定されて製造された鋼板である。
また、図3は、実施例及び比較例に係る鋼板の、引張強度と150℃伸びとの関係を示した図である。図1及び図3から、本発明に係る鋼板及び鋼板製造方法によれば、高い伸びが25℃、150℃の何れの温度においても実現できていることが確認できる。
Claims (12)
- 化学成分が、質量%で:
C:0.05%~0.35%;
Si:0.05%~2.0%;
Mn:0.8%~3.0%;
Al:0.01%~2.0%;
を含有し、
P:0.1%以下;
S:0.05%以下;
N:0.01%以下;
に制限し、
残部が鉄及び不可避的不純物からなり、
フェライト相、ベイナイト相、及び焼き戻しマルテンサイト相を面積率で合計50%以上含有し、
残留オーステナイト相を面積率で3%以上含有し、
個数比で50%以上の前記残留オーステナイト相の結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgc、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbとして、式1を満たす
ことを特徴とする鋼板。
Cgb/Cgc≧1.2 … (式1) - 前記化学成分が質量%で、更に
Mo:0.01%~0.5%;
Nb:0.005%~0.1%;
Ti:0.005%~0.2%;
V:0.005%~0.5%;、
Cr:0.05%~5.0%;
W:0.05%~5.0%;
Ca:0.0005%~0.05%;
Mg:0.0005%~0.05%;
Zr:0.0005%~0.05%;
REM:0.0005%~0.05%;
Cu:0.02%~2.0%;
Ni:0.02%~1.0%;
B:0.0003%~0.007%;
の少なくとも1種を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 前記結晶粒の平均粒径が10μm以下であり、
前記残留オーステナイト相中の平均炭素濃度が0.7%以上、1.5%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 個数比で40%以上の前記結晶粒が、1μm以上、2μm未満の平均粒径を有する小径結晶粒であり、
個数比で20%以上の前記結晶粒が、2μm以上の平均粒径を有する大径結晶粒である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 個数比で50%以上の前記小径結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgcS、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbSとして、式2を満たし、
個数比で50%以上の前記大径結晶粒が、重心位置での炭素濃度をCgcL、粒界位置での炭素濃度をCgbLとして、式3を満たす
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の鋼板。
CgbS/CgcS>1.3 (式2)
1.3>CgbL/CgcL>1.1 (式3) - 前記鋼板が、少なくとも片面に付与された亜鉛めっき皮膜を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の鋼板。 - 前記鋼板が、少なくとも片面に付与された亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の鋼板。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の化学成分を有する鋳片を、850℃以上、970℃以下の仕上げ温度で熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板を製造する熱間圧延工程と;
前記熱延鋼板に対し、1秒以上、10秒以下の空冷を行う空冷工程と;
空冷された前記熱延鋼板を、650℃以下の温度域まで平均で10℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下で冷却した後650℃以下の温度範囲で巻取る巻取り工程と;
巻取られた前記熱延鋼板を、酸洗後、40%以上の圧下率で冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板を製造する冷間圧延工程と;
前記冷延鋼板に対し、700℃以上、900℃以下の最高温度で焼鈍を施す焼鈍工程と;
焼鈍された前記冷延鋼板を、0.1℃/秒以上、200℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で350℃以上、480℃以下の温度域に冷却し、この温度域で1秒以上、1000秒以下保持する保持工程と;
前記冷延鋼板に対し、350℃から220℃までの温度域を5℃/秒以上25℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で一次冷却し、さらに120℃から常温近傍までの温度域を100℃/秒以上または5℃/秒以下の平均冷却速度で二次冷却する最終冷却工程と;
を備えることを特徴とする鋼板製造方法。 - 前記熱間圧延工程では、最終の2パスを各々20%以下のひずみ量にて圧延する
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の鋼板製造方法。 - 前記熱間圧延工程では、1100℃以下まで冷却された後に1100℃以上に再加熱された鋳片を用いる
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の鋼板製造方法。 - 前記保持工程の後に前記鋼板を溶融亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬する浸漬工程を更に備える
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の鋼板製造方法。 - 前記浸漬工程の後に500℃以上、580℃以下の範囲で合金化処理を行う合金化処理工程を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の鋼板製造方法。
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BR112012018697-3A BR112012018697B1 (pt) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | chapa de aço e método de produção da chapa de aço |
MX2012008690A MX2012008690A (es) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Placa de acero y proceso para producir la placa de acero. |
PL11737199T PL2530180T3 (pl) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Blacha stalowa cienka i sposób wytwarzania blachy stalowej cienkiej |
CA2788095A CA2788095C (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Steel sheet and method of manufacturing steel sheet |
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CN102770571A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
CN102770571B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
US20120305144A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
KR101477877B1 (ko) | 2014-12-30 |
ES2705232T3 (es) | 2019-03-22 |
EP2530180A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
EP2530180B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
CA2788095C (en) | 2014-12-23 |
JP4902026B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2530180A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
MX2012008690A (es) | 2012-08-23 |
US9410231B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
BR112012018697A2 (pt) | 2016-05-03 |
CA2788095A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
PL2530180T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
KR20120107003A (ko) | 2012-09-27 |
JPWO2011093490A1 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
BR112012018697B1 (pt) | 2018-11-21 |
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