JP6695863B2 - 調合物と電子素子 - Google Patents
調合物と電子素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6695863B2 JP6695863B2 JP2017512934A JP2017512934A JP6695863B2 JP 6695863 B2 JP6695863 B2 JP 6695863B2 JP 2017512934 A JP2017512934 A JP 2017512934A JP 2017512934 A JP2017512934 A JP 2017512934A JP 6695863 B2 JP6695863 B2 JP 6695863B2
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Description
(1)基板、
(2)電極、多くは、金属もしくは無機であるが、有機もしくはポリマー伝導性材料からも作られる、
(3)電荷注入層もしくは中間層、たとえば、電極の不均性の補償用であり(「平坦化層」)、多くは、伝導性のドープされたポリマーから作られる、
(4)有機半導体、
(5)随意に、さらなる電荷輸送層もしくは電荷注入層もしくは電荷障壁層、
(6)対電極、(2)で言及された材料、
(7)外被。
Xは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、CRまたはNであり;ここで、合計で多くとも2個の基Xは、Nであり:
Rは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、N(R1)2、CN、NO2、C(=O)N(R1)2、Si(R1)3、C(=O)R1、1〜20個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、2〜20個のC原子を有するアルケニルもしくはアルキニル基または3〜20個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R1により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、C=O、NR1、O、SもしくはCONR1で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、D、F、NO2もしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基または1以上の基R1で置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基であって;ここで、2個の隣接する基Rは、互いに、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族、芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造を形成してもよく;
R1は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、N(R2)2、CN、NO2、Si(R2)3、C(=O)R2、1〜20個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、2〜20個のC原子を有するアルケニルもしくはアルキニル基または3〜20個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R2により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、SもしくはCONR2で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、D、F、NO2もしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基または1以上の基R2で置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基であって;ここで、2個以上の隣接する基R1は、互いに、もしくはR1とRは、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族、芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造を形成してもよく;
R2は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、Fまたは1〜20個のC原子を有する脂肪族、芳香族および/または複素環式芳香族炭化水素基であり、さらに、1以上のH原子は、Fで置き代えられてよく;ここで、2以上の置換基R2は、互いに、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族環構造を形成してもよく;
Yは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、基CRであり、
式(1)または(2)の構造中の隣接する基Yは、一緒になって、以下の式(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)および(9)の1つの環を形成し;
A 1 、A 3 は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、C(R3)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
A 2 は、C(R1)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
Gは、1以上の基R2により置換されてよい1、2もしくは3個のC原子を有するアルキレン基、または1以上の基R2により置換されてよい5〜14個の芳香族環原子を有するオルト結合アリーレンもしくはヘテロアリーレン基であり;
R3は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、F、1〜10個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基、3〜10個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R2により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、SもしくはCONR2で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、DもしくはFで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基であって;ここで、同じ炭素原子に結合する2個の基R3は、互いに、脂肪族もしくは芳香族環構造を形成し、こうしてスピロ構造を形成してよく、さらに、R3は、隣接する基RもしくはR1と脂肪族環構造を形成してよく;
ただし、上記言及した基中の2個の同一のヘテロ原子は、互いに直接結合せず、2個の基C=Oは、互いに直接結合しない。
使用される。アルキニル基は、たとえば、エチニル、プロピニル、ブチニル、ペンチニル、ヘキシニル、ヘプチニルおよびオクチニルの意味で使用される。C1〜C40-アルコキシ基は、たとえば、メトキシ、トリフルオロメトキシ、エトキシ、n-プロポキシ、i-プロポキシ、n-ブトキシ、i-ブトキシ、s-ブトキシ、t-ブトキシまたは2-メチルブトキシの意味で使用される。
HOMO(eV)=((HEh*27.212)−0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LEh*27.212)−2.0041)/1.385
本出願の目的のために、これらの値は、材料夫々のHOMOおよびLUMOエネルギー準位とみなすべきである。
発光することのできる化合物は、とりわけ、蛍光エミッターと燐光エミッターである。これらは、特に、スチルベン、スチルベンアミン、スチリルアミン、クマリン、ルブレン、ローダミン、チアゾール、チアジアゾール、シアニン、チオフェン、パラフェニレン、ペリレン、フタロシアニン、ポルフィリン、ケトン、キノリン、イミン、アントラセンおよび/またはピレン構造を含む化合物を包含する。特に好ましいのは、室温でさえも、高効率で三重項状態から発光することのできる、すなわち、電場蛍光発光に代えて、エネルギー効率の増加を引き起こすことが多い電場燐光発光を示す化合物である。この目的のために適するのは、まず、36より大な原子番号を有する重い原子を含む化合物である。好ましい化合物は、上記条件を満足するd−もしくはf−遷移金属を含むものである。ここで、特に好ましいものは、8乃至10属(Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt)からの元素を含む対応する化合物である。適切な機能性化合物は、ここで、たとえば、上記のとおりの種々の錯体であり、たとえば、WO 02/068435 A1、WO 02/081488 A1、EP 1239526 A2およびWO 2004/026886 A2に記載されている。
リガンドを含んでもよいAlQ3(US 2007/0134514 A1)等の8-ヒドリシキノリン誘導体の金属錯体、金属錯体/ポリシラン化合物およびチオフェン、ベンゾチオフェンおよびジベンゾチオフェン誘導体を含む。
群1:正孔注入および/または正孔輸送特性を生成することができる構造要素;
群2:電子注入および/または電子輸送特性を生成することができる構造要素;
群3:群1および群2に関連して記載される特性を組み合わせた構造要素;
群4:発光特性、特に、燐光基を有する構造要素;
群5:いわゆる一重項状態から三重項状態への遷移を改善する構造要素;
群6:得られたポリマーのモルホロジーまた発光色に作用する構造要素;
群7:典型的には骨組として使用される構造要素。
Ar1は、各場合に、相異なる反復単位に対して、同一であるか異なり、単結合または随意に置換されてよいモノ-あるいはポリ環式のアリール基であり;
Ar2は、各場合に、相異なる反復単位に対して、同一であるか異なり、随意に置換されてよいモノ-あるいはポリ環式のアリール基であり;
Ar3は、各場合に、相異なる反復単位に対して、同一であるか異なり、随意に置換されてよいモノ-あるいはポリ環式のアリール基であり;
mは、1,2または3である。
Raは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、置換もしくは非置換芳香族または複素環式芳香族基、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、アラルキル、アリールオキシ、アリールチオ、アルコキシカルボニル、シリルもしくはカルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基もしくはヒドロキシ基であり;
rは、0、1、2、3または4であり、および
sは、0、1、2、3、4または5である。
T1およびT2は、チオフェン、セレノフェン、チエノ[2,3-b]チオフェン、チエノ[3,2-b]チオフェン、ジチエノチオフェン、ピロールおよびアニリンから選択され、ここで、これらの基は1以上のRbにより置換されてよく;
Rbは、ハロゲン、-CN、-NC、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)NR0R00、-C(=O)X、-C(=O)R0、NH2、-NR0R00、-SH、-SR0、-SO3H、-SO2R0、-OH、-NO2、-CF3、-SF3、随意に置換されてよく、1以上のヘテロ原子を随意に含んでよい1〜40個の炭素原子を有する随意に置換されたシリル、カルビルもしくはヒドロカルビル基から出現毎に独立して選ばれ;
R0およびR00は、夫々独立して、H、随意に置換されてよく、1以上のヘテロ原子を随意に含んでよい1〜40個の炭素原子を有する随意に置換されたカルビルもしくはヒドロカルビル基である。
cおよびeは、互いに独立して、0、1、2、3または4であり、ここで、1<c+e≦6であり;
dおよびfは、互いに独立して、0、1、2、3または4である。
A、BおよびB'は、夫々、相異なる反復単位に対して、同一であるか異なり、好ましくは、-CRcRd-、-NRc-、-PRc-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-CO-、-CS-、-CSe-、-P(=O)Rc-、-P(=S)Rc-および-SiRcRd-から選ばれる2価基であり;
RcおよびRdは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、ハロゲン、-CN、-NC、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)NR0R00、-C(=O)X、-C(=O)R0、NH2、-NR0R00、-SH、-SR0、-SO3H、-SO2R0、-OH、-NO2、-CF3、-SF3、随意に置換されてよく、1以上のヘテロ原子を含んでよい1〜40個の炭素原子を有する随意に置換されたシリル、カルビルもしくはヒドロカビル基であり;ここで、基RcおよびRdは、それらが結合するフルオレン基と共にスピロ基を随意に形成してよく;
Xは、ハロゲンであり;
R0およびR00は、夫々、独立して、H、随意に置換されてよく、1以上のヘテロ原子を含んでよい1〜40個の炭素原子を有する随意に置換されたカルビルもしくはヒドロカビル基であり;
gは、各場合に、独立して、0または1であり、hは、各場合に、独立して、0または1であり、ここで、副単位中のgとhの合計は、好ましくは、1であり;
mは、1以上の整数であり;
Ar1およびAr2は、互いに独立して、随意に置換されてよく、インデノフルオレン基の7,8-位もしくは8,9-位で随意に結合してよいモノ環式-あるいはポリ環式のアリールもしくはヘテロアリール基であり;
aおよびbは、互いに独立して、0または1である。
Lは、H、ハロゲンまたは随意にフッ素化された1〜12個のC原子を有する直鎖もしくは分岐アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基であり、好ましくは、H、F、メチル、i-プロピル、t-ブチル、n-ペントキシまたはトリフルオロメチルであり、および、
L'は、は随意にフッ素化された1〜12個のC原子を有する直鎖もしくは分岐アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基であり、好ましくは、n-オクチルまたはn-オクチルオキシである。
これらの層とは別に、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、さらなる層、たとえば、各場合に、1以上の正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、正孔ブロック層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、励起子ブロック層および/または電荷生成層(IDMC 2003, Taiwan; Session 21 OLED (5), T.Matsumoto, T. Nakada, J.Endo, K. Mori, N. Kawamura, A. Yokoi, J.Kido, 電荷生成層を有するマルチフォトン有機EL素子)および/または有機もしくは無機p/n接合をも含んでもよい。ここで、1以上の正孔輸送層が、たとえば、MoO3もしくはWO3等の金属酸化物で、または(過)フッ素化電子不足芳香族化合物でp-ドープされることおよび/または1以上の電子輸送層が、n-ドープされることも可能である。同様に、たとえば、励起子ブロック機能を有するおよび/またはエレクトロルミネッセンス素子の電荷バランスを調節する中間層を、二個の発光層の間に導入することも可能である。しかしながら、これら各層は必ずしも存在する必要はないことが指摘されねばならない。これらの層は、同様に、上記定義されるとおりの本発明による調合物の使用について存在してよい。
本発明による調合物とそれから得ることができる電子素子、特に、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、従来技術を超える1以上の以下の驚くべき優位性により区別される:
1.本発明による調合物を使用して得ることができる電子素子は、通常の方法を使用して得られる電子と比べて、極めて高い安定性と極めて長い寿命を有する。
2.本発明による調合物は、通常の方法を使用して加工することができ、それにより、費用優位性を実現することもできる。
3.本発明による調合物を用いる有機機能性材料は、如何なる特別な制約を受けることなく、本発明のプロセスを包括的に用いることを可能とする。
4.本発明の調合物を使用して得ることができる被覆は、特に、被覆の均一性に関して、優れた品質を示す。
試験では、図1に記載の層配列を有する5つのOLED素子を製造する。エミッター層(G−EML)の調合物の溶媒をここでは、変化させている。3-フェノキシトルエンが参照素子に使用され、例1では混合比が60:40(重量比)の、ヘキサメチルインダン(HMI)と安息香ブチル(BB)との混合物が使用され、例2では50:50比の、HMIとBBとの混合物が使用され、例3では50:50比の、HMIとシクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)との混合物が使用され、例4では60:40比の、HMIとCHBとの混合物が使用されている。表1は、使用する調合物の濃度、粘度、表面張力を要約している。
使用する調合物の粘度を、円錐平板測定形状を有するレオメーターを用いて測定する。表1に示されている粘度は、温度23.4℃とせん断速度500s−1で測定される。
クリーンルーム中で、ITOで被覆されたガラス基板と、バンク構造とを、DI水を使用して超音波浴で清浄にし、乾燥し、その後、プラズマ処理にかける(5秒間の酸素プラズマ、それに続いて40秒間のCF4プラズマ)。PEDOT(PEDOTは、ポリチオフェン誘導体(Baytron P JET HC V2)H.C.Stack,Goslar製、水性分散液として供給される)の80nmの層が、同様に、クリーンルーム中で、インクジェット印刷により適用される。層から残留水を除去するために、基板を、ホットプレート上で180℃で10分間加熱することにより乾燥させる。20nmの中間層(典型的には正孔支配ポリマー、ここではメルク製のHL-X026)を次いで、不活性雰囲気下(窒素またはアルゴン)で、メシチレン溶液(濃度5g/l)から適用する。層を180℃で、少なくとも60分間、加熱により乾燥させる。発光層(G−EML)をその後、インクジェット印刷によって正孔輸送層に適用し、真空で乾燥させ、その後、ホットプレート上で160℃で10分間、加熱することによって乾燥させる。
表2は、「効率」列で、参照素子では、46.9cd/Aの効率が、輝度1000cd/m2で実現され、例1にしたがう素子では、48.0cd/Aの効率が実現され、例2にしたがう素子では、48.1cd/Aの効率が実現され、例3にしたがう素子では、47.5cd/Aの効率が実現され、例4にしたがう素子では、48.1cd/Aの効率が実現されることを示している。
Claims (13)
- 電子素子の機能性層の製造のために用いることができる少なくとも一つの有機機能性材料と、第1の溶媒として式(1)の構造を有する少なくとも一つの芳香族化合物と、補助溶媒として式(1)の化合物とは異なる少なくとも一つのさらなる有機溶媒を含む調合物:
Xは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、CRまたはNであり;ここで、合計で多くとも2個の基Xは、Nであり:
Rは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、N(R1)2、CN、NO2、C(=O)N(R1)2、Si(R1)3、C(=O)R1、1〜20個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、2〜20個のC原子を有するアルケニルもしくはアルキニル基または3〜20個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R1により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、C=O、NR1、O、SもしくはCONR1で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、D、F、NO2もしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R1で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基または1以上の基R1で置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基であって;ここで、2個の隣接する基Rは、互いに、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族、芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造を形成してもよく;
R1は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、N(R2)2、CN、NO2、Si(R2)3、C(=O)R2、1〜20個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、2〜20個のC原子を有するアルケニルもしくはアルキニル基または3〜20個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R2により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、SもしくはCONR2で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、D、F、NO2もしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基または1以上の基R2で置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基であって;ここで、2個以上の隣接する基R1は、互いに、もしくはR1とRは、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族、芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造を形成してよく;
R2は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、H、D、Fまたは1〜20個のC原子を有する脂肪族、芳香族および/または複素環式芳香族炭化水素基であり、さらに、1以上のH原子は、Fで置き代えられてよく;ここで、2個以上の置換基R2は、互いに、モノ-あるいはポリ環式の脂肪族環構造を形成してもよく;
Yは、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、基CRであり、
式(1)の構造中の隣接する基Yは、一緒になって、以下の式(3)の環を形成し;
A 1 、A 3 は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、C(R3)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
A 2 は、C(R1)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
Gは、1以上の基R2により置換されてよい1、2もしくは3個のC原子を有するアルキレン基、または1以上の基R2により置換されてよい5〜14個の芳香族環原子を有するオルト結合アリーレンもしくはヘテロアリーレン基であり;
R3は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、F、1〜10個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基、3〜10個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環式アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基(夫々は、1以上の基R2により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、SもしくはCONR2で置き代えられてよく、また、1以上のH原子は、DもしくはFで置き代えられてよい。)、各場合に1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有する芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、1以上の基R2で置換されてよい5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基であって;ここで、同じ炭素原子に結合する2個の基R3は、互いに、脂肪族もしくは芳香族環構造を形成し、そうしてスピロ構造を形成してよく、さらに、R3は、隣接する基RもしくはR1と脂肪族環構造を形成してよく;
ただし、上記言及した基中の2個の同一のヘテロ原子は、互いに直接結合せず、2個の基C=Oは、互いに直接結合しない。 - 電子素子の機能性層の製造のために用いることができる有機機能性材料は、蛍光エミッター、燐光エミッター、ホスト材料、マトリックス材料、電子輸送材料、励起子ブロック材料、電子注入材料、正孔伝導材料、正孔注入材料、n−ドーパント、p−ドーパント、ワイドバンドギャップ材料、電子ブロック材料および正孔ブロック材料より成る群から選ばれることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の調合物。
- 調合物中の式(1)の構造を有する芳香族化合物の割合が、調合物を基礎として、少なくとも0.1重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の調合物。
- 調合物中の式(1)の構造を有する芳香族化合物の割合が、調合物を基礎として、少なくとも20重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の調合物。
- 式(1)の構造を有する芳香族化合物が、多くとも40mN/mの表面張力を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4何れか1項記載の調合物。
- 式(1)の構造を有する芳香族化合物が、多くとも300℃の沸点を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜5何れか1項記載の調合物。
- 式(1)の構造を有する芳香族化合物が、少なくとも3mPasの粘度を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6何れか1項記載の調合物。
- 式(3)の環構造中で、基A 1 およびA 3 の少なくとも一つは、同一であるか異なり、OまたはNR3であり、A 2 は、C(R1)2であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7何れか1項記載の調合物。
- 式(3)の環構造中で、A 1 およびA 3 は、出現毎に、同一であるか異なり、C(R3)2であり、A 2 は、C(R1) 2 であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8何れか1項記載の調合物。
- 請求項1〜11何れか1項記載の調合物の基板への、および/または基板に間接的にもしくは直接的に適用された層への適用を含むことを含む電子素子の製造方法。
- 調合物をフラッドコーティング、ディップコーティング、スピンコーティング、スクリーン印刷、レリーフ印刷、グラビア印刷、ロータリー印刷、ローラーコーティング、フレキソグラフィック印刷、オフセット印刷もしくはノズル印刷により、基板または基板に適用された層の一つに適用することを特徴とする、請求項12記載の方法。
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EP2872590B1 (de) * | 2012-07-13 | 2018-11-14 | Merck Patent GmbH | Metallkomplexe |
EP3424936B1 (de) * | 2012-08-07 | 2021-04-07 | Merck Patent GmbH | Metallkomplexe |
KR102102103B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-09 | 2020-04-20 | 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 | 금속 착물 |
KR101515814B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-04-30 | 에스에프씨 주식회사 | 융합된 고리 치환기를 갖는 방향족 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 발광 소자 |
EP2935293B1 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2019-08-21 | Merck Patent GmbH | Iridiumkomplexe und deren verwendung in elektronischen vorrichtungen insbesondere in elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen |
CN105706260B (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2019-08-13 | 默克专利有限公司 | 用于有机电子器件中的具有新型六元环结构的化合物 |
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EP3189551A1 (de) | 2017-07-12 |
WO2016034262A1 (de) | 2016-03-10 |
EP3189551B1 (de) | 2021-01-27 |
CN106687563A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
KR102388865B1 (ko) | 2022-04-20 |
TW201625068A (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
TWI711339B (zh) | 2020-11-21 |
US20170294582A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
CN106687563B (zh) | 2023-03-14 |
JP2017535026A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
US10615343B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
KR20170048559A (ko) | 2017-05-08 |
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