JP4862248B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4862248B2 JP4862248B2 JP2004166951A JP2004166951A JP4862248B2 JP 4862248 B2 JP4862248 B2 JP 4862248B2 JP 2004166951 A JP2004166951 A JP 2004166951A JP 2004166951 A JP2004166951 A JP 2004166951A JP 4862248 B2 JP4862248 B2 JP 4862248B2
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Description
該正孔阻止層が下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有し、且つ、該発光層が、下記一般式(B)または一般式(C)からなる化合物群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
4.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(1−4)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
5.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(1−5)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
6.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(1−6)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(1−10)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
10.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(4)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
13.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(11)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
14.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(12)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
15.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(13)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
16.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(14)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
17.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(15)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
18.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(16)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
19.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(17)で表されることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
20.前記構成層として燐光性発光層を有し、該燐光性発光層が、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする前記1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物について説明する。
MS(FAB)m/z:487(M+1)
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ/ppm 7.3−7.5(m、2H)、7.5−7.6(m,4H)、7.7−7.8(m,4H)、7.9−8.0(m,4H)、8.06(d,J=5.1Hz,2H)、8.24(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)、8.56(d,J=5.1Hz,2H)、8.96(s,2H)
《例示化合物74の合成》
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ/ppm 7.37(dd,J=4.7Hz,J=8.3Hz,2H)、7.4−7.5(m,2H)、7.5−7.6(m,4H)、7.7−7.8(m,4H)、7.81(dd,J=1.2Hz,J=8.3Hz,2H)、7.9−8.0(m,4H)、8.48(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),8.65(dd,J=1.2Hz,J=4.6Hz,2H)
《例示化合物60の合成》
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ/ppm 7.4−7.4(m,4H)、7.4−7.5(m,4H)、7.7−7.8(m,4H)7.9−8.0(m,4H)、8.25(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)、8.57(d,J=5.6Hz,2H)、9.42(s,1H)
《例示化合物144の合成》
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ/ppm 1.80(S,12H)、7.27(S,4H)、7.34(dd,J=4.9Hz,J=8.3Hz,2H)、7.3−7.4(m,2H)、7.4−7.5(m,12H)、7.76(dd,J=1.3Hz,J=8.3Hz、2H)、8.45(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)、8.63(dd,J=1.3Hz,J=4.9Hz,2H)
《例示化合物143の合成》
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ/ppm 7.46(d,J=5.7Hz,4H)、7.6−7.7(m,4H)、7.8−7.9(m,4H)、8.67(d,J=5.7Hz,4H)、9.51(S,4H)
《例示化合物145の合成》
例示化合物143の合成において、4,4′−ジクロロ−3,3′−ビピリジルの一方のピリジン環をベンゼンに変更した、3−(2−クロロフェニル)−4−クロロピリジンを用いた以外は同様にして、例示化合物145を合成した。
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ/ppm 7.3−7.4(m,2H)、7.6−7.7(m,4H)、7.7−7.8(m,4H)7.8−7.9(m,4H)、8.06(d,J=5.3Hz,2H)、8.23(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)、8.56(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),8.96(S,2H)
尚、上記の合成例以外に、これらの化合物のアザカルバゾール環やその類緑体は、J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans.1,1505−1510(1999)、Pol.J.Chem.,54,1585(1980)、(Tetrahedron Lett.41(2000),481−484)に記載される合成法に従って合成することができる。合成されたアザカルバゾール環やその類緑体と、芳香環、複素環、アルキル基などの、コア、連結基への導入は、ウルマンカップリング、Pd触媒を用いたカップリング、スズキカップリングなど公知の方法を用いることができる。
本発明に係る一般式(A)で表される化合物について説明する。
本発明に係る一般式(B)で表される化合物について説明する。
本発明に係る一般式(C)で表される化合物について説明する。
本発明に係る一般式(D)で表される化合物について説明する。
(i)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
《陽極》
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また、陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10nm〜1000nm、好ましくは10nm〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm〜5μm、好ましくは50〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。尚、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記のごとく陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び、陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記のごとく、有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば特開平11−204258号公報、同11−204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極または電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子の発光層には、以下に示す、ホスト化合物とリン光性化合物(リン光発光性化合物ともいう)が含有されることが好ましく、本発明においては、ホスト化合物として前述した本発明に係る化合物を用いることが好ましい。これにより、より一層発光効率を高くすることができる。また、ホスト化合物として、上記の本発明に係る化合物以外の化合物を含有してもよい。
発光層に使用される材料(以下、発光材料という)としては、上記のホスト化合物を含有すると同時に、リン光性化合物を含有することが好ましい。これにより、より発光効率の高い有機EL素子とすることができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基体上に形成されているのが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、照明用や露光光源のような1種のランプとして使用してもよいし、画像を投影するタイプのプロジェクション装置や、静止画像や動画像を直接視認するタイプの表示装置(ディスプレイ)として使用してもよい。動画再生用の表示装置として使用する場合の駆動方式は単純マトリクス(パッシブマトリクス)方式でもアクティブマトリクス方式でもどちらでもよい。または、異なる発光色を有する本発明の有機EL素子を3種以上使用することにより、フルカラー表示装置を作製することが可能である。または、一色の発光色、例えば白色発光をカラーフィルターを用いてBGRにし、フルカラー化することも可能である。さらに、有機ELの発光色を色変換フィルターを用いて他色に変換しフルカラー化することも可能であるが、その場合、有機EL発光のλmaxは480nm以下であることが好ましい。
《有機EL素子1−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行なった。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα−NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてH−8を200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにバソキュプロイン(BCP)を200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにIr−12を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子1−1の作製において、発光層のホスト化合物として用いているH−8を表1に示す有機EL素子用材料に置き換えてホスト化合物とし、正孔阻止化合物として用いているBCPを表1に示す正孔輸送材料に置き換えた以外は有機EL素子1−1と同様にして1−2〜1−15を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子1−1〜1−15について下記の評価を行った。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2の一定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(ミノルタ製)を用いた。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度
(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(
τ0.5)として寿命の指標とした。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−100
0(ミノルタ製)を用いた。
《有機EL素子2−1の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子1−1の作製において、発光層のドーパント化合物をIr−1に変更した以外は同様にして有機EL素子2−1を作製した。
続いて、有機EL素子2−1の作製において、発光層のホスト化合物として用いているH−8を表2に示す有機EL素子用材料に置き換えてホスト化合物とし、正孔阻止化合物として用いているBCPの代わりに、表2に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は同様にして有機EL素子2−2〜2−15を作製した。
実施例2で作製した有機EL素子2−2において、発光層に用いたIr−1を、Ir−1、Ir−9、Ir−12の混合物に変更した以外は有機EL素子2−2と同様の方法で作製した有機EL素子2−2Wを用いた。有機EL素子2−2Wの非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、照明装置とした。照明装置は、発光効率が高く発光寿命の長い白色光を発する薄型の照明装置として使用することができた。図5は照明装置の概略図で、図6は照明装置の断面図である。有機EL素子101をガラスカバー102で覆い、電源線(陽極)103と、電源線(陰極)104で接続している。105は陰極で106は有機EL層である。なおガラスカバー102内には窒素ガス108が充填され、捕水剤109が設けられている。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスタ
12 駆動トランジスタ
13 コンデンサ
A 表示部
B 制御部
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
106 有機EL層
105 陰極
102 ガラスカバー
103 電源線(陽極)
104 電源線(陰極)
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (25)
- 構成層として、少なくとも発光層と正孔阻止層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、
該正孔阻止層が下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有し、且つ、該発光層が、下記一般式(B)または一般式(C)からなる化合物群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)において、Z 1 はピリジン環を表し、Z 2 はベンゼン環またはピリジン環を表し、Z 3 は単なる結合手を表し、且つ、前記発光層が前記一般式(B)からなる化合物群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記構成層として燐光性発光層を有し、該燐光性発光層が、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 発光が白色であることを特徴とする請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項24に記載の照明装置と表示手段としての液晶素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
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