CN1961288A - 用于存取过程控制数据的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于存取过程控制数据的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1961288A CN1961288A CNA2005800145279A CN200580014527A CN1961288A CN 1961288 A CN1961288 A CN 1961288A CN A2005800145279 A CNA2005800145279 A CN A2005800145279A CN 200580014527 A CN200580014527 A CN 200580014527A CN 1961288 A CN1961288 A CN 1961288A
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Abstract
用于访问过程控制数据的方法、装置和制品,包括:装载客户对象,和从该客户对象向被配置为与服务器通信的实对象传送数据访问请求。该实对象然后根据该数据访问请求向该服务器传送查询,并且响应于该查询从该服务器获得过程控制数据。然后将该过程控制数据从与服务器模式关联的第一数据布局映射到与客户模式关联的第二数据布局。然后将所映射的过程控制数据传送给应用程序。
Description
相关申请
本申请是2004年5月4日申请的、标题为“用于再现、监控过程控制系统并与之交互的图形用户界面”、序列号为60/567,980的美国临时申请的正规申请,并且要求其优先权,并且本申请在此将其全部内容引作参考。本申请也与2003年7月21日申请的、标题为“图形显示元件、过程模块和控制模块在加工厂中的集成”、序列号为10/625,481的美国专利申请相关,并且其公开文本是2004年8月5日的美国专利公开US2004/0153804,其又是2002年10月22日申请的、标题为“加工厂中的智能过程模块和对象”、序列号为10/278,469的美国专利申请的部分后续申请,并且后者的公开文本是2004年4月22日的美国专利公开US2004/0075689,其全部内容都在此引作参考。本申请也与2003年2月18日申请的、标题为“加工厂配置系统中的模块类对象”、序列号为10/368,151的美国专利申请相关,并且其公开文本是2004年10月7日的美国专利公开US2004/0199925,其全部内容在此引作参考。本申请也涉及下列专利申请,它们是在与本申请的申请日期相同申请的国际申请(PCT),并且其全部内容在此引作参考:“过程环境中的关联图形显示”(代理备案号:06005/41111);“用于过程控制系统的用户可配置报警和报警趋势”(代理备案号:06005/41112);“加工厂的过程模块和专家系统集成”(代理备案号:06005/41113);“在集成化环境中具有用户化过程图形层的加工厂用户界面系统”(代理备案号:06005/41114);“过程环境中的脚本化图形”(代理备案号:06005/41115);“过程配置和过程环境中的图形集成”(代理备案号:06005/41116);“过程环境中具有多个可视功能的图形元素”(代理备案号:06005/41117);“在加工厂中配置图形显示元件和过程模块的系统”(代理备案号:06005/41118);“用于统一的过程控制系统界面的图形显示配置框架”(代理备案号:06005/41124);“加工厂用户界面中的基于标记语言的动态过程图形”(代理备案号:06005/41127);“用于修改过程控制数据的方法和装置”(代理备案号:06005/591622和20040/59-11622);“用于过程控制系统的集成化图形运行期界面”(代理备案号:06005/591628和20040/59-11628);以及“用于过程控制系统的面向服务的架构(Service-Hyphen Oriented Architecture for Process Control Systems)”(代理备案号:06005/591629和20040/59-11629)。
技术领域
本发明公开总的来说涉及一种过程控制系统,更具体而言,涉及用于访问过程控制数据的过程控制装置和方法。
背景技术
诸如在化学、石油或其它过程中所使用的那些过程控制系统典型地包括一个或多个集中过程控制器,其通过模拟、数字、或者模拟/数字组合总线与至少一个主机或操作员工作站以及一个或多个现场设备通信地连接。该现场设备例如可以是阀门、阀门定位器、开关以及变送器(例如温度、压力和流速传感器),其在该过程中执行诸如开启或关闭阀门以及测量过程参数等功能。该过程控制器接收由现场设备所作出的表示过程测量值的信号以及与现场设备相关的其它信息,并使用该信息来实现控制例程,然后产生控制信号,其通过总线或其它通信线路发送到现场设备以控制该过程的操作。来自该现场设备和该控制器的信息可以由该操作员工作站所执行的一个或多个应用程序使用,以使得操作者能够执行想要的关于该过程的功能,诸如查看该过程的当前状态、修改该过程操作等。
在设计阶段和系统操作过程中,系统工程师必须经常访问过程控制数据,以查看、监视、增加、更新、修改该过程控制数据等。例如,过程控制系统典型地使用配置应用程序来进行配置,其使得工程师、操作者、用户等能够定义过程控制系统内的每个现场设备对于特定的过程(例如特定的化学生产过程)应该如何操作。当将现场设备加到特定的过程时,或者当每次对该过程进行改变时,工程师可以产生新的控制程序或新的配置数据,或者可以更新或修改现存的控制程序。每个过程可以使用大量的现场设备、控制器和/或其它控制设备,于是控制程序可以包括大量过程控制数据。某些已知过程控制系统提供有编辑器或过程控制数据查看器,其使得用户在操作期间能够监视过程,和/或查看、创建、和/或更新控制程序。已知的过程控制数据编辑器和查看器典型地将用户限制在由过程控制软件开发者所提供的特征。例如,过程控制软件开发者可以调查其客户,以确定理想的用户界面控件的类型和数据访问功能。然后,使在发布过程控制软件时对客户有用的该用户界面和数据访问特征符合其它客户的一般要求,以包括这些特征。
根据客户而定制的过程控制软件通常相对较贵并且项目复杂。具体地说,如果客户需要特定的或定制的用户界面或数据访问特征,该客户需要理解并修改原始的过程控制软件源代码。在这种情况下,过程控制软件售主必须向希望定制他们的软件的每一客户提供许多资源(例如软件开发者、系统工程师、源代码等)。另外,该软件售主在将源代码提供给客户之前可能需要客户购买源代码许可证或开发许可证。资源和/或许可证对于软件售主和/或客户通常都比较贵。而且,通过发布某些源代码,如果该源代码包括商业秘密、机密或其它有竞争优势的编码技术,售主存在风险。
发明内容
本文公开了用于访问过程控制系统数据的示例方法和系统。根据一个例子,用于访问过程控制数据的方法包括:装载客户对象,和从该客户对象向被配置为与服务器通信的实对象(real object)传送数据访问请求。该实对象然后根据该数据访问请求向该服务器传送查询,并且响应于该查询而从该服务器获得过程控制数据。然后将该过程控制数据从与服务器模式(schema)关联的第一数据布局映射到与客户模式关联的第二数据布局。然后将所映射的过程控制数据传送给应用程序。
根据另一例子,用于访问过程控制数据的另一方法包括:响应于用户界面请求装载第一和第二客户对象。该第一和第二客户对象与访问基于客户模式组织的过程控制数据关联。然后装载与该第一和第二客户对象关联的实对象。该第一和第二实对象被配置用来获得基于服务器模式组织的过程控制数据。然后将该过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织,并将其传送给第一和第二客户对象。然后通过与该第一客户对象关联的第一用户界面和与该第二客户对象关联的第二用户界面获得该过程控制数据。
根据另一例子,用于访问过程控制数据的系统包括:预先产生的部分类和用户产生的部分类。该预先产生的部分类包括与访问过程控制数据关联的预先产生的类元素。该用户产生的部分类与该预先产生的部分类关联,并且包括用户定义的类元素,所述用户定义的类元素可以通过该预先产生的类元素访问过程控制数据。该系统还包括用户界面,其被配置用来基于该预先产生的部分类和该用户产生的部分类来实例化客户对象。该用户界面还被配置用来根据该预先产生的类元素和用户定义的类元素访问过程控制数据。该系统还包括客户模型,其被配置用来装载对象句柄和与该客户对象关联的实对象,并且在该客户对象与服务器之间通过该对象句柄和该实对象传送过程控制数据。
附图说明
图1所述的框图为示例的客户/服务器构架,其包括与过程控制系统机器通信地连接的客户机。
图2详细描述了图1的该客户模型和用户界面的功能框图。
图3和4描述了示例代码配置,其可以用来通过继承在用户产生的与预先产生的部分类之间共用代码。
图5描述了另一个示例代码配置,其可以用来通过聚集在用户产生的与预先产生的部分类之间共用代码。
图6描述了预先产生的部分类与具有两个客户模式的客户应用程序的实对象之间的关系。
图7和8描述了在运行阶段期间,在图1和2的用户界面与客户模型之间形成的数据路径。
图9的方框图描述了图1和2的用户界面与客户对象之间的数据绑定。
图10描述了定义示例服务器模式的示例服务器模式XML源代码。
图11为该过程控制系统数据库服务器响应于由该客户模型所提交的查询而返回给该客户模型的示例XML源代码。
图12描述了可以用来将过程控制数据从服务器模式映射到客户模式的示例客户模式XML源代码。
图13描述了表示对象和包含在其中的角色的示例用户界面。
图14的详细框图描述了客户模式与服务器模式之间的映射配置,以产生图13的该示例用户界面。
图15描述了可以用来产生从图14的服务器模式层次结构到客户模式层次结构的映射的示例XML源代码。
图16描述了示例用户界面,其表示包含功能框和两个属性的复合功能框“PT COMP”。
图17的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次结构与客户模式层次结构之间的映射配置,其将单个客户角色映射到多个服务器角色,以产生图16的示例用户界面。
图18描述了可以用来产生从图17的服务器模式层次结构到客户模式层次结构的映射的示例XML源代码。
图19描述了表示特定工厂区域内多个不同控制设备的示例用户界面。
图20的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次结构与客户模式层次结构之间的映射配置,其将多个客户角色映射到单个服务器角色,以产生图19的示例用户界面。
图21描述了可以用来产生从图20的服务器模式层次结构到客户模式层次结构的角色映射的示例XML源代码。
图22描述的示例用户界面可以用来选择性地显示与控制设备关联的项。
图23的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次结构与客户模式层次结构之间的映射配置,其将客户对象映射到服务器对象的子集,以产生图22的示例用户界面。
图24描述了可以用来产生从图23的服务器模式层次结构到客户模式层次结构的对象映射的示例XML源代码。
图25描述的示例用户界面可以用来将附加项插入到控制设备视图中,即使该附加项并不是用于该控制设备的服务器模式的一部分。
图26的详细方框图描述了服务器模式层与客户模式层之间的映射配置,其将客户对象插入到该客户模式层。
图27描述了用于将客户对象插入到图26的该客户模式层的示例XML源代码。
图28描述的示例用户界面可以用来显示可以通过命令获得的实时过程控制数据的项。
图29的详细方框图描述了作为命令实施客户角色的映射配置。
图30描述了可以用来作为命令在图29的该客户模式层中实施客户角色的示例XML源代码。
图31A和31B所述的流程图是可以用来在运行阶段期间提供通过客户对象对实对象进行客户应用程序访问的示例方法。
图32是可以用来更新客户对象中的修改过程控制数据的示例方法。
图33是示例处理器系统的方框图,其可以用来实施此处所述的该示例装置、方法和制品。
具体实施方式
虽然下面所公开的示例系统包括在硬件上执行的软件和/或固件以及其它组件,但是应该注意到,这些系统仅仅只是说明性的,并且不应该作为限制考虑。例如,可以考虑将任何或所有这些硬件、软件和固件组件专门通过硬件、专门通过软件、或通过硬件和软件的组合来实施。相应地,虽然下面描述了示例系统,但是本领域的普通技术人员可以容易地认识到,所提供的这些示例并不是实施这些系统的唯一方式。
相比于将终端用户限制为预定义的特征和用于访问过程控制数据和与过程控制数据交互的功能这种已知系统,这里所描述的该示例装置、方法和制品可以使用可定制的数据访问工具来访问过程控制系统服务器中的过程控制数据,其使得终端用户能够定制客户应用程序访问、表示以及显示该过程控制数据的方式。过程控制数据典型地包括与控制系统、过程、材料流和成分、控制系统装备、现场设备、以及用来操作、维护、和诊断整个系统的任何工作显示关联的任何数据或信息。过程控制系统服务器典型地位于加工厂中,并且用来存储过程控制数据。为了自动化、管理和配置过程控制系统,企业典型地使用运行于过程控制系统服务器上的过程控制系统软件(即过程控制系统应用程序),并且根据用户定义的过程控制数据管理与该过程控制系统关联的每个操作。用户(例如系统工程师)可以使用客户应用程序与过程控制数据进行交互(例如管理、查看、修改、配置等),其中客户应用程序与过程控制系统应用程序交换命令、请求和过程控制数据。该客户应用程序典型地可以安装于或运行于与该过程控制系统服务器也连接的网络连接的任何工作站(即任何计算机终端)上。
传统的客户应用程序不管是由终端用户还是由向终端用户提供过程控制软件的软件售主开发,通常都是在与该过程控制系统应用程序同时或与其结合在一起开发。传统的客户应用程序典型地提供固定集合的数据访问和数据处理功能,用户通过这些功能被限制于访问、表示和查看过程控制数据。定制该数据访问和数据处理功能通常是一个复杂并且昂贵的过程,因为其需要修改该过程控制系统应用软件、修改该客户应用软件、重新编译所有软件以及重新测试所有软件。
这里所描述的示例方法、装置和制品提供客户模型数据接口层(例如图1的客户模型116),其提供可定制的客户/服务器数据接口,由此客户应用程序(例如图1的该客户应用程序108)可以通过该数据接口与过程控制系统服务器(例如该过程控制系统数据库服务器112)交换数据。该客户模型116使得客户应用程序从该过程控制系统服务器112中提取出来,并且可以在不同的过程控制系统服务器之间移动。该客户模型116包括核心数据访问或数据交换功能,和一套基本的数据访问和数据处理功能,这些功能使得该客户应用程序108能够与该过程控制系统数据库服务器112通信和交互,以及与其交换过程控制数据。该客户模型116可以在软件开发工具包(SDK)中作为多个目标代码文件、头文件、源文件等提供给终端用户(例如消费者、系统工程师等)。终端用户然后可以基于该客户应用程序SDK开发客户应用程序,以与该过程控制系统服务器交互,从而查看、管理和配置过程控制数据。该终端用户可以在任何时候修改或增加数据访问功能,并且每次可以只重新编译该客户应用程序软件,而不需要修改该过程控制系统应用软件。
如下面将要更详细的描述的,使用与面向对象的编程语言关联的部分类(partial class)来实现该客户模型116。部分类用来将类的类型分离、划分或分割成可以驻留于两个或更多个文件中的两个或更多个部分。通过这种方式,程序员可以根据功能、使用频率或任何其它标准将长代码分割或断开成多个小片断或部分代码。如下所述,该部分类可以用来区分用户产生的代码中和预先产生的代码。相应的部分类可以驻留于目标代码和源代码的任何组合中。预先产生的代码包括用于客户模型116的预先产生的部分类,其在过程控制系统应用程序的初始开发被开发,并被编译以产生例如通过如上所述的客户应用程序SDK发送到终端用户的客户模型目标代码。用户产生的代码包括用户产生的部分类,其对应于该预先产生的部分类,并且被用来为随后开发(例如在销售之后)的客户应用程序定义定制功能。
该终端用户可以通过只使用该客户模型目标代码中所提供的那些功能来开发客户应用软件,或者该终端用户可以随后开发源代码,以定义附加的用户定义的数据访问功能,从而按照该终端用户的需要来访问、表示、和/或显示过程控制数据。可以使用该客户模型目标代码的对应预先产生的部分类中所定义的任何资源、元素、或功能来在用户产生的部分类中开发该用户定义的数据访问功能。在编译时间期间,编译者扫描软件过程的每个文件(例如每个目标文件和源文件),并且交叉链接相应的部分类以形成定义该类的每个元素、功能、或方面的完整类(complete class)。在执行期间,该客户应用程序108将所组合的对应部分类识别为完整类,从而使得用户定义的数据访问功能能够与该客户模型116一起工作,就好像该用户定义的数据访问功能最初就是该客户模型目标代码的一部分。
该客户模型116也使得用户能够定义该过程控制数据布局,或者定义当从过程控制系统数据库(例如图1的该过程控制系统数据库110)中检索出该过程控制数据时如何表示该过程控制数据。该过程控制系统数据库110使用表、列、记录、项、字段等组织过程控制数据。当该过程控制系统数据库服务器112从过程控制系统数据中检索过程控制数据时,该服务器根据服务器模式组织该过程控制数据。然而,客户应用程序通常需要使该过程控制数据进行不同组织、表示、或布局,从而该客户应用程序可以按照用户定义来显示该过程控制数据。为了便于通过客户应用程序访问和显示数据,终端用户可以在该客户应用程序的设计阶段为每一客户应用程序定义客户模式。在操作期间,该客户模型116可以从该过程控制系统数据库服务器110中获得按照服务器模式组织或设置的过程控制数据,并按照下面结合图13至30所述根据该用户定义的客户模式将该过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织重新设置成客户模式组织或设置。
现在详细参见图1,客户/服务器架构110包括客户机102和过程控制系统机104。该客户机102一般用来查看、修改、和管理与过程控制数据相关的任何过程控制数据。该客户机102可以使用计算机、工作站终端、便携计算机、膝上计算机、手持个人数字助理(PDA)、或任何其它适当的处理器系统来实现。该过程控制系统机104存储该过程控制数据并根据该过程控制数据对该过程控制系统进行自动化和管理。该过程控制系统机104可以是工作站、主机、服务器、或与过程控制系统中的控制设备通信地连接的任何其它适当的处理器系统(例如图33的示例处理器系统3310)。该过程控制系统机104被配置用来将该过程控制数据提供给该客户机102(或被配置用来与该过程控制系统机104通信的任何其它客户机),并且被配置用来按照该客户机102和/或对应的过程控制系统中的控制设备的请求修改、增加、或更新过程控制数据。
该客户机102可以通过通信网络106与该过程控制系统机104通信地连接。该通信网络106例如可以是局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN),并且可以使用任何适当的通信技术或者各种技术的组合来实现,诸如Ethernet、IEEE 802.11、Bluetooth、任何数字或模拟移动通信系统(即蜂窝通信系统)、数字用户线(DSL)、任何宽带通信系统等。
该客户机102包括让用户能够检索、查看、管理和存储过程控制数据的客户应用程序108。用户可以在实现客户应用程序108的客户机102上安装机器可访问的指令,并随后使用客户应用程序108来访问所存储的过程控制数据和/或实时过程控制数据。所存储的过程控制数据可以包括与控制设备配置参数相关联的信息、以周期性间隔测得的过程控制数据值、历史测量值、或可以被存储用于以后检索的任何其它值。总的来说,实时过程控制数据包括不是存储、而是根据请求所产生或得出的任何过程控制数据。例如,实时过程控制数据可以包括响应于来自该客户应用程序108的请求而测得、获得、产生、或计算得到的过程控制数据值。
所存储的过程控制数据可以从过程控制系统机104中获得。过程控制系统机104包括被配置用来存储过程控制数据(例如所存储的过程控制数据)的过程控制系统数据库110,和与该过程控制系统数据库110通信地连接的过程控制系统数据库服务器112。该过程控制系统数据库服务器112被配置用来在该过程控制系统数据库110与客户应用程序108之间传送所存储的过程控制数据。
客户机102包括运行期(runtime)服务器114,以提供实时过程控制数据。该运行期服务器114可以与该网络106通信地连接,并且被配置用来获得从该数据库服务器112和/或直接从过程控制系统中的控制设备获得过程控制数据。例如,运行期服务器114可以通过从该数据库服务器112请求过程控制数据,并且对所检索到的过程控制数据执行例如数学运算或任何其它操作,从而根据一个或多个所存储的过程控制数据得到实时过程控制数据。如果该客户应用程序108请求与控制设备关联的实时测得的过程控制数据值(例如温度值、压力值、流速值等),那么运行期服务器114可以通过过程控制系统机104和/或该网络106与该控制设备通信,以检索实时测得的该过程控制数据值。
该客户应用程序108包括该客户模型116和用户界面118。该客户模型116与过程控制系统机104和运行期服务器110通信地连接,并使得该客户应用程序108能够与该过程控制系统机104和该运行期服务器110通信,以访问所存储的过程控制数据和实时过程控制数据。具体地说,该客户模型116提供可以被该客户应用程序108使用的数据访问功能,以访问和交换所存储的以及实时的过程控制数据。该数据访问功能包括一套基本的数据访问功能,并且也可以包括用户定义的数据访问功能。如下结合图2的详细所述,通过预先产生的部分类提供该套基本数据访问功能,并且通过与该预先产生的部分类对应的用户产生的部分类提供该用户定义的数据访问功能。
该用户界面118被配置用来产生多个基于图形和/或基于文本的用户界面屏幕,其可以用来对过程控制数据进行访问、查看、管理、修改、更新等。用户可以在设计阶段和/或在运行阶段指定由该用户界面118所要使用的显示布局或显示设置,以显示该过程控制数据。例如,所示的该用户界面118包括树视图界面120和内容视图界面122。该树视图界面120可以用来以分级树结构来显示过程控制数据,该结构具有可以查看所选控制设备的更少或更多详情的扩展和折叠部分。该内容视图界面122可以用来显示层叠到过程控制系统图上的过程控制数据。例如,该内容视图界面122可以显示过程控制系统图中的彼此通信地连接的多个控制设备,并且显示与相应控制设备相邻或其上的过程控制数据。通过这种方式,用户可以在整个过程控制系统的范围内查看过程控制数据。
客户模型116在该用户界面118、运行期服务器114和过程控制系统数据库服务器114之间根据模式、查询和命令传送过程控制数据。模式用来定义特定的数据组织、布置、或应该如何表示过程控制数据的数据布局。例如,客户模式为该用户界面118定义特定的数据布置或用来表示过程控制数据的数据布局。该用户界面118也与多个客户模式关联,每个客户模式都用来布置、组织、或表示不同的过程控制数据。例如,一个客户模式可以用来表示泵控制设备数据,而另一客户模式可以用来表示多个控制设备共用的属性值,而还有的客户模式可以用来表示与特定工厂区域内的控制设备关联的过程控制数据。
服务器模式为过程控制系统数据库服务器112和运行期服务器114定义用来表示或布置过程控制数据的特定数据布置或数据布局。用于该过程控制系统数据库服务器112的服务器模式可以与用于运行期服务器114的服务器模式不同。然而,总的来说,服务器模式用来与客户模式不同地表示、组织、或布置数据。例如,服务器模式可以用来表示与过程控制系统关联的所有过程控制数据,而客户模式可以用来仅表示该过程控制数据的特定部分或片断。
该客户模型116被配置用来在服务器模式与客户模式之间转换或映射过程控制数据,如下面结合图13至30详述的那样。例如,响应于来自该用户界面118的数据请求查询,该客户模型116将该过程控制数据从服务器模式转换或映射到客户模式,以根据由该用户界面118所提供的该客户模式布置该处理数据。该客户模型116也可以响应于来自该客户界面118的更新查询,将修改或更新后的过程控制数据从客户模式转换或映射到服务器模式。
由该用户界面118和/或该客户模型116所产生的查询可以包括数据请求查询和更新查询。该数据请求查询用来检索特定的过程控制数据,该更新查询用来修改或更新例如该过程控制系统数据库110中的过程控制数据。响应于接收到来自该用户界面118的查询,该客户模型110确定该查询是否与所存储的过程控制数据或者与实时过程控制数据关联,并相应地将该查询传送到该过程控制系统数据库服务器112或该运行期服务器114。如果该查询包括与所存储的和实时的过程控制数据关联的部分,该客户模型116可以解析该查询,或将其分解成实时数据查询和存储数据查询,并分别将这些查询传送到该服务器112和114。
该命令可以包括使得服务器112和114检索、修改和/或创建过程控制数据的机器可访问指令。例如,某些命令可以包括与根据这些查询和更新查询来访问(例如检索、修改或创建)该过程控制系统数据库110中的过程控制数据相关联的指令。另外,某些命令可以包括使得运行期服务器114从控制设备测量或获取过程控制数据,或者使得该运行期服务器114根据所存储的过程控制数据得出过程控制数据值(例如平均值、滤波值等)的指令。
图2是图1的客户模型116和用户界面118的详细功能框图。具体地说,图2描述了在运行阶段期间使用部分类来在该用户界面118、该客户模型116以及该服务器112和114之间交换过程控制数据的方式。该用户界面118使用多个客户模式(例如图14、17、20、23、26和29的该多个客户模式分级层)来寻址不同的过程控制数据。例如,所示的该用户界面118包括第一客户模式对象模型202a、第二客户模式对象模型202b和第三客户模式对象模型202c,其中每个对象模型与各自的第一、第二和第三客户模式关联。用户界面118也包括用户I/O控件204,其被配置用来显示用户界面(UI)视图(例如图1的树视图120和内容视图122)中的过程控制数据,并且用来获得与检索、显示、和/或修改过程控制数据相关联的用户输入。该用户I/O控件204例如可以包括文本框、按钮、列表、数据域等,并且可以使用任何适当的控件框架来实现,例如可以包括MicrosoftAvalon控件框架。
每个客户模式对象模型202a-c包括一个或多个预先产生的部分类206和一个或多个用户产生的部分类208,其能够对与各个第一、第二和第三客户模式相关联的过程控制数据进行访问和处理。具体地说,该预先产生的部分类206包括预定义的类元素,而该用户产生的部分类208包括用户定义的类元素。类元素可以包括数据成员、存取器、方法或功能、实现、和/或本领域所熟知的任何其它类元素,每个类元素都可以被指定为私有的、受保护的或公有的。该预先产生的部分类206的类元素可以用来通过如下结合图6详述的实对象(例如下面所述的该实对象216)与该过程控制系统数据库服务器112(图1和2)通信。该用户产生的部分类208的类元素可以被配置用来访问与相应的预先产生的部分类206的类元素关联的数据,并且可以被配置用来通过该预先产生的部分类206中的类元素与该过程控制系统数据库服务器112通信。如图2中所示,该用户产生的部分类108包括用户定义的功能210。由对应的该部分类206和208形成的每个完整类可以与不同类型的过程控制数据关联。例如,示例的类可以包括与特定类型的控制设备关联的数据访问和处理功能,而另一示例的类可以包括与特定的加工厂区域或特定的过程控制子系统关联的数据访问和处理功能。还有的示例类可以包括与对过程控制数据进行数学和/或统计处理(例如平均、滤波等)关联的功能。
在开发阶段期间,对于每个客户模式,终端用户可以选择一个或多个预先产生的部分类来创建该每个预先产生的部分类206。而且在开发阶段期间,该终端用户可以开发该用户定义的功能210,并通过选择与该用户定义的功能210相关联的一个或多个用户产生的部分类来创建每个客户模式对象模型202a-c的用户产生的部分类208。
为第一客户模式对象模型202a所选择的部分类206和208可以不同于为第二客户模式对象模型202b所选择的部分类206和208。例如,为第一客户模式对象模型202a选择的部分类206和208可以用来访问与第一加工厂区域的控制设备关联的过程控制数据,而为第二客户模式对象模型202b选择的部分类206和208可以用来访问与第二加工厂区域的控制设备关联的过程控制数据。
在运行阶段期间,部分类206和208可以用来为每个客户模式对象模型202a-c产生多个客户对象212。该客户对象212符合或对应于该客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)的数据布局或数据部置。每个客户对象212是由部分类206和208之一所定义的类的类型。可以产生该相同类的类型的两个或更多个客户对象212,诸如两个类的类型泵的对象,分别用于该过程控制系统中不同的物理泵控制设备。另外,可以产生两个或更多个客户对象212,以访问与该同一物理控制设备关联的过程控制数据。由两个或更多个该客户对象212对该同一物理控制设备的过程控制数据的访问通过实对象(例如该实对象216)在该客户模型116中进行仲裁或处理,如下所述的那样。该客户对象212可以用来将该用户I/O控件204数据绑定到实时和存储的过程控制数据,如下结合图9详述的那样。通过将该用户I/O控件204数据绑定到该过程控制数据,该客户对象212可以响应于通过该用户I/O控件所提供的用户输入,产生数据请求查询和/或数据更新查询。如上所述,使用这些查询来检索或修改所存储的或实时的过程控制数据。该客户对象212也可以响应于指示例如该过程控制系统数据库210中的至少某些过程控制数据值已经改变或被修改的数据更新事件,来更新通过该用户I/O控件204显示的过程控制数据值。
该客户模型116包括多个第一对象句柄214a、多个第二对象句柄214b、和多个第三对象句柄214c。如图2中所示,多个对象句柄214a-c中的每个对象句柄与客户模式对象模型202a-c中的相应对象模型关联。该客户模型116也包括多个实对象216。该实对象216符合或对应于与图1的过程控制系统数据库服务器114和/或运行期服务器114关联的服务器模式的该数据布局或数据布置。该对象句柄214a-c是存储器中对应于实对象216的位置的地址参考或基本地址。在运行期间,当在存储器堆中创建并存储一个该实对象216时,在存储器栈上也创建并存储句柄214a-c中的一个对应句柄。通过该实对象的对象句柄(例如,句柄214a-c中的一个句柄)向该实对象发送数据访问请求、查询、更新查询、和/或过程控制数据,每个客户对象212与一个实对象216关联,并通过一个实对象216访问过程控制数据。该实对象216响应于从该客户对象212接收到的查询或更新查询来将查询和/或更新查询传送到该过程控制系统数据库服务器112。该实对象216从该过程控制系统数据库服务器112获得基于服务器模式(例如,图14、17、20、23、26和29的服务器模式层次结构中的一个)而组织或布置的过程控制数据。该客户模型116然后将该过程控制数据从服务器模式组织映射、重新布置或转换到客户模式组织,如下结合图13至29中详述的那样。
在某些情况下,两个或更多个客户对象212对应于特定的一个实对象216。例如,当从相同类型的类构建两个或更多个客户对象212来访问该相同的过程控制数据时,就为这两个或更多个客户对象212创建单个实对象216。通过这种方式,一个实对象216可以仲裁由两个或更多个实对象216对该相同的过程控制数据所作出的数据访问请求。
图3和4描述了示例的代码配置,其可以用来通过继承在用户产生的部分类与预先产生的部分类之间共用代码。图3显示的预先产生的文件302的名称为“MODULE_GEN.CS”,第一用户产生的文件304的名称为“MODULE_MANUAL.CS”,第二用户产生的文件306的名称为“MODULE_BASE.CS”。该预先产生的文件302定义名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”308中的部分类,其包含类型“MODULE”310的预先产生的公有部分类(即该预先产生的公有部分类“MODULE”310)。该公有部分类“MODULE”310可以包括被配置用来与图1和2的该过程控制系统数据库服务器112通信的类元素。该公有部分类“MODULE”310可以是图2的预先产生的部分类206的一部分。
该第一用户产生的文件304使用名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER”312,以及名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”310中的部分类定义。在名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EX-PLORER.HIERARCHY”310中,该预先产生的公有部分类“MODULE”310继承该用户产生的类“MODULE_BASE”314的类元素。通过这种方式,该类“MODULE”310和“MODULE_BASE”314可以共用或访问彼此的类元素。例如,在类“MODULE_BASE”314中定义的类元素可以通过类“MODULE”310中所定义的类元素与该过程控制系统数据库服务器112通信。类“MODULE_BASE”314在下面所描述的第二用户产生的文件306中定义,并且其可以是图2的用户产生的部分类208的一部分。
第二用户产生的文件306包括可以用来配置客户应用程序(例如图1的该客户应用程序108)的源代码,以在预先产生的部分类“MODULE”310与用户产生的部分类“MODULE_BASE”314之间共用源代码。在该第二用户产生的文件306中,该名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER”312包含用于用户产生的部分类“MODULE_BASE”314的特定应用方法的实现。该用户产生的部分类“MODULE_BASE”314的特定应用方法由第一用户产生的文件304中的用户产生的部分类“MODULE”310继承。
图4描述的示例运行配置用来在运行阶段期间在两个不同的名称空间之间共用图3的源代码。图4显示了名称空间为“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER”312的实例、名称空间为“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”308的实例和名称空间为“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.CONTENT”402的实例。在名称空间308或402中装载或实例化的部分类的类型“MODULE”310的客户对象可以使用在该预先产生的文件302或用户产生的文件306中定义的源代码或类元素。
名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER”312的实例包括用于该用户产生的部分类“MODULE_BASE”314的第二用户产生的文件306(图3)中所定义的类元素。名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”308的实例包括类的类型“MODULE”(例如部分类的类型“MODULE”310)的第一“MODULE”客户对象404。名称空间“DELTAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.CONTENT”402的实例包括第二“MODULE”客户对象406,其也是类类型“MODULE”(例如该部分类型“MODULE”310)。每个客户对象404和406包括用户产生的部分410(例如用户产生的类元素)和预先产生的部分412(例如预先产生的类元素)。该用户产生的部分410包括在该第二用户产生的文件304的用户产生的类“MODEL_BASE”310中所定义的类元素。该预先产生的部分412包括在该预先产生的文件302的用户产生的部分类型类“MODULE”310中所定义的类元素。
图5描述了另一个示例代码配置,其可以用来通过聚集来在用户产生的与预先产生的部分类之间共用代码。预先产生的部分类代码502包括名称空间“DLETAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”308,其包含预先产生的部分类“MODULE”310。用户产生的部分类代码504包括名称空间“DLETAV.CONFIG.EXPLORER.HIERARCHY”312,其包含用户产生的类“EXPLORER_MODULE”506。为了在该预先产生的部分类“MODULE”310与该用户产生的类“EXPLORER_MODULE”506之间共用源代码或类元素,该用户产生的类“EXPLORER_MODULE”506定义“MODULE”508(例如部分类类型“MODULE”310)类型的客户对象,其可以被该预先产生的部分类代码502中所定义的预先产生的部分类“MODULE”310的所有类元素使用。
图6描述了预先产生的部分类与具有两个客户模式的客户应用程序(例如图1的该客户应用程序108)的实对象之间的关系。第一客户模式602使用多个第一预先产生的部分类604,并且第二客户模式606使用多个第二预先产生的部分类608。该预先产生的部分类604和608基本上与图2的预先产生的部分类206类似或相同。该客户应用程序108使用两个客户模式602和606来寻址不同的需要或不同的过程控制数据。例如,该第一客户模式602与特定工厂区域下的模块关联,并且该第二客户模式606与特定子系统的报警关联。
该客户模型116包括与该第一客户模式602关联的多个第一对象句柄610和与该第二客户模式606关联的多个第二对象句柄612。该对象句柄610和612基本上与图2的对象句柄214a-c类似或相同。该客户模型116为每个客户模式602和606建造或产生对象句柄的单独的组或树。每个预先产生的部分类604和608中预先产生的部分类的层次关系与对应的对象句柄610和612的层次关系相同。
该客户模型116还包括基本上与图2的实对象216类似或相同的多个实对象614。该客户应用程序108通过与预先产生的部分类604和608关联的客户对象(例如图2的客户对象212和图7的710a-d)与实对象614通信。具体地说,与该部分类604和608关联的客户对象通过该对象句柄610和612访问该实对象614。
当该客户应用程序108从第一客户模式602发送数据访问请求(例如查询)到客户模型116时,该客户模型116装载与特定过程控制数据(例如特定的工厂区域)关联的实对象(例如某些实对象614),其中该数据访问请求与上述特定过程控制数据关联。当该客户应用程序108从该第二客户模式606发送数据访问请求(例如查询)时,该客户模型116装载所有报警属性或与该特定子系统关联的一个实对象614的属性,如图6中所示,其中该数据访问请求与上述特定过程控制数据关联。
该客户用于108控制该实对象614的寿命或装载该实对象614的时间。例如,如果该客户应用程序108指示某些实对象614应该保持被装载,那么这些对象就不会被卸载。典型地,通过垃圾收集例程卸载诸如该实对象614之类的对象,其中垃圾收集例程周期性地检测已经被指定为可垃圾收集或可卸载的实对象。例如,如果该客户应用程序118确定应该卸载某些实对象614,那么那些实对象就被指定可垃圾收集。在这种情况下,随后的垃圾收集扫描就会卸载被标记为可垃圾收集的或者没有被标记为当前使用的这些实对象614。
图7和8描述了在运行阶段期间,在图1和2的该用户界面108与该客户模型116之间形成的数据路径。特别地,图7描述了该客户对象212与用于第一用户界面(UI)视图702和第二UI视图704的实对象216之间的数据路径。在图7中,该UI视图702和704共用一个共同的客户模式。图8描述了客户对象212与实对象216之间的数据路径,其中第一UI视图702和第二UI视图704分别具有其自己的客户模式。UI视图702和704可以基本上与图1的树视图120和/或内容视图122类似或相同。
如图7和8中所示,第一和第二UI视图702和704属于客户应用对象706或与其关联。每个UI视图702和704通过一个或更多个实对象216访问过程控制数据。所示实对象216具有父实对象“R”708a,其装载“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b。诸如“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b之类的角色暴露于与该角色关联的多个过程控制数据,或提供对与该角色关联的多个过程控制数据的访问。例如,角色可以提供对与特定工厂区域相关联的,或者与特定类型的控制设备相关联的过程控制数据的访问。该“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b响应于来自UI视图702和704的过程控制数据请求,装载第一实对象“R1”708c和第二实对象“R2”708d。例如,第一实对象708c可以与第一控制设备关联,而第二实对象708d可以与第二控制设备关联。
为了通过该实对象216访问过程控制数据,该UI视图702和704装载该客户对象212,以与该实对象216通信。例如,如图7中所示,为了访问与该“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b关联的过程控制数据,该第一UI视图702装载父客户对象“O”710a。该父客户对象“O”710a引用父对象句柄“H”712a,该父客户对象710a使用父对象句柄“H”712a,以通过第零个掩码“M”704a访问该父实对象“R”708a。诸如第零个掩码“M”714a之类的掩码被配置用来将过程控制数据从服务器模式的数据布局或布置翻译或映射到客户模式的数据布局或布置。例如,父实对象708a可以是提供对多个过程控制数据文件库的访问的库对象。如果父客户对象710a被配置用来只访问与该父实对象708a相关联的多个库对象(例如,该“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b)的子集,那么掩码714a将库访问请求从父客户对象710a翻译或映射到父实对象708a中对应的库。例如,掩码可以包括布置在布局中的多个指针,其对应于客户模式,并且指向或者引用实对象中的过程控制数据。
所示该数据路径为多个活动和未活动的数据路径。实线表示活动的或者UI视图702或704使用的以访问特定对象、句柄或掩码的数据路径。虚线表示未活动的或者UI视图702或704都不再使用的数据路径。例如,起始第一UI视图702使得父客户对象“O”710a实例化或装载第一子客户对象“O1”710b。第一UI视图702可以使用第一子客户对象“O1”710b,以通过第一实对象708c来访问过程控制数据。该第一UI视图702通过第一数据路径716访问该第一子客户对象710b,其起始是表示活动的或“在使用中”的数据路径的实线。该第一子客户对象710b引用第一句柄“H1”712b,并通过第一掩码“M1”714b访问第一实对象708c。
另外,由于第一和第二UI视图702和704共用公用的客户模式,该第二UI视图704也可以通过该第一子客户对象710b访问该第一实对象708c。如图7中所示,该第二UI视图704通过第二数据路径718访问该第一子客户对象710b。当该第一UI视图702结束使用该第一子客户对象710b时,该第一数据路径716变成图7中通过虚线所示的未活动。如果该客户应用程序706没有其它UI视图需要访问该第一子客户对象706b,那么客户对象710b变为可以进行垃圾收集(例如可卸载)。然而,因为该第二UI视图704继续访问该第一子客户对象710b,该数据路径718保持为图7中用实线表示的活动状态,并且该客户对象710b并不变为可用于垃圾收集。从该第一子客户对象710b到该第一实对象708c的数据路径720、722和724也保持为用实线所示的活动状态。
当客户对象不再被客户应用程序的任何用户界面使用时,与该客户对象关联的所有数据路径变为未活动,并且该客户对象和对应的句柄和掩码都被标记为准备用于垃圾收集,并且随后由该客户模型116卸载。另外,如果被该客户对象访问的实对象不再被其它任何客户对象访问时,那么该实对象也被标记为准备用于垃圾收集,并且随后由客户模型116卸载。例如,开始为该第一UI视图702初始化或装载以访问该第二实对象708d的第二子客户对象“O2”710c,当其不再被任何UI视图702或704使用时随后变为未活动状态并被标记为准备用于垃圾收集。第二对象句柄714c和第二掩码714c也变成被标记为用于垃圾收集。在这种情况下,与该第二子客户对象710c关联的所有数据路径都变为图7中用虚线所示的未活动状态。虽然该客户模型116卸载第二子客户对象710c、第二对象句柄712c、以及第二掩码714c,但是如果另一个子客户对象仍然还在使用或者还请求访问该第二实对象708d时,该客户模型116可以不卸载该第二实对象708d。
在特定客户对象的实例被卸载之后,可以为随后任何访问与该客户对象关联的过程控制数据装载该客户对象的另一个实例。例如,如图7中所示,在卸载该第二子客户对象710c之后(例如在垃圾收集期间被卸载),该第一UI视图702可以使得该父对象710a装载或实例化该第二子客户对象“O2”710d的第二个实例,以访问第二实对象708d。
在图8中,每个UI视图702和704都有其自己单独的客户模式,并且使用其自己的子客户对象来访问该实对象216。例如,第二UI视图704实例化或装载客户对象“O1”802,其与被第一UI视图702所使用的所有客户对象都分离。下面结合图31A和31B所述的该示例方法可以用来在UI视图702和704与图7和8中所示的实对象216之间形成通信路径。
图9的框图描述了在图1和2的该用户界面118与基本上与图2的一个客户对象212类似或相同的客户对象902之间的数据绑定。图9中该用户界面118举例来说具有基本上与图2的该用户I/O控件204相同或类似的第一、第二和第三用户I/O控件904a、904b和904c。例如,该用户I/O控件904a-c可以是文本框、列表框、数据域、复选框等。该客户对象902包括用户产生的类元素部分906和预先产生的类元素部分908。该用户产生的元素部分906在用户产生的部分类(例如图2的一个用户产生的部分类208)中定义,并且该预先产生的类元素部分908的类元素在预先产生的部分类(例如图2的一个预先产生的部分类206)中定义。根据该用户产生的和预先产生的部分906和908的类元素创建下面所述的多个属性910a-910e。
该用户产生的部分907包括PROPERTY_A元素910a和PROPERTY_B元素910b。该预先产生的部分908包括PROPERTY_C元素910c、PROPERTY_D元素910d和PROPERTY_E元素910e。使用属性元素910a-c来从该过程控制系统数据库110中检索所存储的过程控制数据。PROPERTY_A元素910a与PROPERTY_C元素910c关联,并且基于该PROPERTY_C元素910c得出值。该客户对象902包括如图9中所示的私有哈希表912,其包括用户产生的元素(例如属性元素910a和910b)与预先产生的元素(例如属性元素910c-e)之间的该映射或关联。可以通过对于对象912私有的类型“HashTable”的变量或指针来引用或访问该私有哈希表912。在该私有哈希表912的行914中所示的为PROPERTY_A元素910a与PROPERTY_C元素910c之间的关联。
该用户I/O控件904a-c分别被数据绑定到PROPERTY_A元素910a、PROPERTY_D元素910d和PROPERTY_E元素910e。通过这种方式来数据绑定该I/O控件904a-c就使得每次当任何这些数据值被更新时,该客户应用程序108在该I/O控件904a-c与它们各自的元素910a、910c和910e之间传送数据值。例如,如下结合图32更加详细所述的,该过程控制系统数据库服务器112和客户模型116可以交换关于过程控制系统数据库服务器112中已经被修改的过程控制数据的更新信息(例如“UpdateNotification”事件和可疑或脏对象列表)。通过这种方式,客户对象902可以确定任何修改的过程控制数据是否与任何其属性元素910c-d关联,其中属性元素910c-d用来访问所存储的过程控制数据,如果是,那么就更新过程控制数据值被修改的对应的每个属性元素910c-d的值。该客户对象902然后可以使用该私有哈希表912来更新使用或与过程控制数据值被修改的对应的任何属性元素910c-d关联的任何用户产生的属性(例如该属性910a和910b)的值。
为了更新该数据绑定的用户I/O控件904a-c的值,该客户模型116解析通过更新通知事件所接收到的更新信息,以产生用于其对应的过程控制数据值已经被修改的任何用户产生的或预先产生的属性的“PropertyChanged”事件。该“PropertyChanged”事件然后使得该数据绑定的用户I/O控件904a-c从各自的属性910a-c中获得修改的过程控制数据,并更新该用户I/O控件904a-c的值。
该客户对象902也可以使用该更新信息来产生脏哈希表916。该脏哈希表916通过类型“HashTable”的变量或指针来引用,并且对于对象902是私有的。该脏哈希表916用来存储客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)的脏的或可疑的对象句柄。在该更新信息中提供该脏对象句柄,并且该脏对象句柄指示某些客户对象的过程控制数据已经处于过程控制系统数据库110中。该客户应用程序108可以使用“PopulateDirtyHashTable”函数来产生具有该脏对象句柄的脏哈希表916。例如,该“PopulateDirtyHashTable”函数首先接收来自该更新通知事件的更新信息,然后解析该更新信息和产生具有脏句柄的该脏哈希表916。
图10描述了定义示例服务器模式的示例服务器模式XML源代码1000。该服务器模式XML源代码1000存储在该过程控制系统数据库服务器112中,并且定义用来通过该过程控制系统数据库服务器112表示过程控制数据的布置或布局。该服务器模式XML源代码1000包含类类型定义和枚举定义。每个类类型具有名称,并包含多个属性、角色和命令。每个属性具有名称和数据类型。
角色具有名称和其包含的类类型。角色中所包含的用于项目的基本类型在角色元素中声明。特定类的子类型被嵌套在该角色元素中。每个所包含的类类型被标记其是否可以通过命令由客户应用程序(例如图1的该客户应用程序108)创建。类类型定义还包含可以通过例如从该客户应用程序108获得的命令脚本来执行的命令。每个命令具有名称并定义其参数和返回类型。
如图10中所示,该服务器模式XML源代码1000指定的类型名称为“ControlModule”(线1002)。该类型名称“ControlModule”(线1002)包含名称为“detailDisplayName”的数据类型为字符串的属性(线1004)和名称为“Blocks”的目的类型“BlockBase”的角色(线1006)。该角色名称“Blcoks”(线1006)包含可以通过该客户应用程序108创建的名称为“ModelUsage”的类型。该类型名称“ModelUsage”(线1008)包含当客户应用程序108装载或实例化对象类型“ModelUsage”时创建的多个创建参数(线1010和1012)。该类型名称“ControlModule”(线1002)还包含名称为“renameTo”的返回类型为空的命令(线1014)。该命令名称“renameTo”(线1014)包含名称为“newName”的数据类型为字符串的参数(线1016)。
该服务器模式XML源代码1000也指定一枚举定义。具体地说,该服务器模式XML源代码1000包括名称为“DbeAttributeType”的枚举(线1018)。该枚举名称“DbeAttributeType”(线1018)包含包括名称为“Float”的条目(线1020)和名称为“FloatWithStatus”的条目(线1022)的多个项。
可以在属性的数据类型字段中引用枚举。例如,类型名称“Attribute”(线1024)包含名称为“attributeType”的属性,其数据类型为“DbeAttributeType”(线1026),该数据类型对应于枚举名称“DbeAttributeType”(线1018)。
图11为由过程控制系统数据库服务器112响应于由客户模型116提交的查询而返回给客户模型116的示例XML源代码1000。具体地说,响应于该查询Site.PlantAreas[name=’AREA_A’](index).Modules(na me),返回该示例XML源代码1000。如图11中所示,该XML源代码1000中的结果包括名称为“PlantAreas”的ModelRole(线1102)。该ModelRole名称“PlantAreas”(线1102)包含名称为“AREAP_A”的PlantArea(线1104)。该PlantArea名称“AREA_A”(线1104)包含被设置为零的属性索引(1106)和名称为“Models”的ModelRole(线1108)。该ModelRole名称“Models”(线1108)包含多个模块和每个模块的对应属性。例如,ModelRole名称“Models”(线1108)包含名称为“EM1”的ModuleInstanceBase(线1110),其包含名称为“EM1”的属性(线1112)。
图12描述了可以用来将过程控制数据从服务器模式(例如图10的服务器模式XML源代码1000或下面结合图14、17、20、23、26和29所述的服务器模式层次中的一个)映射到客户模式(例如下面结合图14、17、20、23、26和29所述的客户模式层次中的一个)的示例客户模式XML源代码1200。客户模式按照基本上与服务器模式定义类型相似的方式来定义属性、角色和命令的类型。对于每个类型、属性、和角色,客户模式XML源代码(例如客户模式XML源代码1200)指示了到服务器模式的映射,从而客户模式116(图1)可以在客户模式与服务器模式之间重新布置或映射过程控制数据。
如图12中所示,客户模式中名称为“Module”的类型被映射到服务器模式中名称为“Module”的类型(线1202)。在这种情况下,客户模式中名称为“Module”的该类型在服务器模式中名称也为“Module”。然而,客户模式中的类型名称可以映射到服务器模式中具有不同名称的类型名称。例如,类型名称“ModuleOne”可以映射到类型名称“Module Two”。
属性元素(线1204)可以包含一个或多个属性元素。每个属性元素定义该客户类型的一个或多个客户属性,并且包含每个客户属性的名称、该客户属性与其关联的该域、以及到服务器模式的映射。如图12中所示,属性名称“desc”与该数据库域关联(例如该属性对应于存储在该过程控制系统数据库110中的存储过程控制数据),并且被映射到服务器模式中名称为“description”(线1206)的属性。属性名称“rtValue”与运行域关联(例如该属性对应于可以从图1的运行期服务器114中获得的实时过程控制数据),并被映射到服务器模式中名称为“ST”(线1208)的属性。该属性映射与该包含的类型有关。例如,如果包含的类型为“Module”,其位于包含的类型“Site”内,那么产生用来检索用于MOD_X的“desc”属性的查询为Site.Modules[name=’MOD_X’](description)。
角色元素(线1210)包含一个或多个Role元素。每个Role元素定义关联客户类型的客户角色,并包含该客户角色的名称、该客户角色关联的域、用来得到该客户角色的映射、以及该客户角色的对象类型。如图12中所示,该角色元素(线1210)包含与该数据库域关联的名称为“attributes”的角色(例如该角色对应于存储在该过程控制系统数据库110中的存储过程控制数据),并且被映射到服务器模式中名称为“Attributes”的角色(线1212)。该属性映射与该包含的类型有关。例如,如果包含的类型为“Module”,其位于该包含的类型“Site”内,那么产生用来检索用于MOD_X的“attributes”角色的查询为Site.Modules[name=’MOD_X’].Attributes。
图13至29描述了示例用户界面、模式映射配置、和示例XML源代码,XML源代码可以用来将诸如对象和角色的类元素从驻留于服务器(例如图1的该过程控制系统数据库服务器112或该运行期服务器114)上的服务器模式映射到驻留于客户应用程序(例如图1的该客户应用程序108)中的客户模式。下面描述的该映射配置可以通过客户模型116来实现,以从过程控制系统服务器中提取客户应用程序。通过将类元素通过该客户模型116从服务器模式映射到客户模式,可以配置客户应用程序来与多个服务器通信地连接并与其一起工作。进一步,下面描述的基于使用模式映射配置的客户模型116对客户应用程序进行开发可以使得分别具有特定过程控制数据需要的多个应用程序能够与过程控制系统服务器通信地连接并与其一起工作。
图13描述了表示对象和包含在其中的角色的示例用户界面1300。该示例用户界面1300所示的单元模块“AREA_A”1302作为一个完整对象。然而,在过程控制系统数据库110(图10)中,作为两个分开的对象存储该单元模块“AREA_A”1302。第一对象包含该单元模块“AREA_A”1302的行为,第二对象包含定义可以如何在单元模块“AREA_A”1302中嵌套其它模块的模块容器行为。
图14的详细框图描述了客户模式与服务器模式之间的映射配置1400,以产生图13的示例用户界面1300。可以通过客户模型116(图1)来实现映射配置1400。具体地说,图14显示了服务器模式层次1402、客户模式层次1404、和一对一映射配置形式的客户模型层次1406。该服务器模式层次1402指示了存储在过程控制系统数据库110(图1)中的“Unit”1408类型的服务器对象与“UnitModule”1410类型的服务器对象之间的区别。该客户模型层次1406的层次符合该服务器模式层次1402的层次,或基本上与其相似或与其相同。客户模式层次1404通过使用将指针提供到该客户模型层1406中的掩码1410a、1410b和1410c来仅表示服务器模式层1402中所关心的那些对象和角色。
服务器模型层1402包括类型“AREA”的服务器对象1412,该服务器对象包含类型“Units”的服务器角色1414。该服务器角色“Units”1414指向服务器对象“Unit”1408,其包含类型“UnitModule”的服务器角色1418和类型“Modules”的服务器角色1420。服务器角色“UnitModule”1418指向该服务器对象“UnitModule”1410,并且该服务器角色“Modules”1420指向类型“Module”的服务器角色1422。
客户模式层1404包括类型“AREA”的客户对象1424,该客户对象包含类型“UnitModules”的客户角色1426。该客户角色“UnitModules”1426指向类型“UnitModules”的客户对象1428,其包含类型“Modules”的客户角色1430。客户角色“Modules”1430指向类型“Module”的客户对象。该客户对象和客户角色通过下面结合图15所描述的客户模型层次1406的实对象和角色以及掩码1410a-c被映射到该服务器对象和服务器角色。
客户模型层次1406包括多个实对象和实角色,其设置基本上与该服务器模式层次1402相似或相同。客户模型层次1406包括对应于该服务器对象“AREA”1412的类型“AREA_A”的实对象1434。该实对象“AREA_A”1434包含对应于该服务器角色“Units”1414的类型“Units”的实角色1436。该实角色“Units”1436指向对应于该服务器对象“Unit”1408的类型“ABC”的实对象1438。该实对象“ABC”1438包含对应于该服务器角色“UnitModule”1418的类型“UnitModule”的实角色1440,和对应于该服务器角色“Module”1420的类型“Modules”的实角色1442。该实角色“UnitModule”1440指向对应于该服务器对象“UnitModule”1410的实对象“ABC”1444。该实“Module”1442指向对应于该服务器对象“Module”1442的实对象“SSS”1446。
图15描述了可以用来产生从图14的服务器模式层次1402到客户模式层次1404的映射的示例XML源代码1500。该XML源代码1500显示了该客户对象“AREA”1424(图14)被映射到该服务器对象“AREA”1412(图14)(线1502)。为了将该客户对象“AREA”1424映射到该服务器对象“AREA”1412,该客户模型116通过该掩码“AREA_A”1410a将该实对象“AREA_A”1434映射到该客户对象“AREA”1424。通过这种方式,该客户对象“AREA”1424通过该实对象“AREA_A”1434访问该服务器对象“AREA”1412,就好像是该客户对象“AREA”1424在直接访问该服务器对象“AREA”1412。
客户对象“AREA”1424包含客户角色“UnitModules”1426(图14),其映射到该服务器角色“Units”1414(图14)并且指向该客户对象“UnitModules”1428(图14)(线1504)。该客户模式层次1404中的客户对象可以具有与该服务器模式层次1402中的服务器对象相同的名称,即使该客户对象并不映射到该相同名称的服务器对象。例如,该客户对象“UnitModules”1428被映射到该服务器对象“Unit”1408(图14)(线1506)。在这种情况下,客户模型116将客户对象“UnitModules”1428通过该掩码“ABC”1410b映射到实对象“ABC”1438。
客户对象“UnitModules”1428包含名称为“scanRate”的属性,其映射到该服务器对象“UnitModules”1410的“scanRate”属性(即‘UnitModule(scanRate)’)(线1508)。在这种情况下,该客户模型116将实对象“ABC”1444的“scanRate”通过该掩码“ABC”1410b映射到客户对象“UnitModule”1428的“scanRate”属性。通过将实对象“ABC”1444的“scanRate”属性通过该掩码“ABC”1410b映射到客户对象“UnitModule”1428的“scanRate”属性,该客户模型116从该服务器对象“Unit”1408遍历该服务器角色“Unitmodule”1418(图14),以将该客户对象“UnitModule”1428的“scanRate”属性映射到该服务器对象“UnitModules”1410的“scanRate”属性。
对象“UnitModules”1426包含客户角色“Models”1430(图14),其映射到服务器角色“Modules”1420(图14)并且指向该客户对象“Modules”1432(图14)(线1510)。
图16描述的示例用户界面1600表示包含功能框和两个属性的复合功能框“PT_COMP”1602。如该用户界面1600中所示,该复合功能框“PT_COMP”1602包括包含功能框“CALC1”1606、属性“ABS_PRESS_CF”1608、和属性“ABS_TEMP_CF”1610的项的统一列表1604。如果用户选择显示对象的统一列表,该客户模型116可以被配置用来将客户角色映射到两个或多个服务器角色。如下结合图17所述,在服务器模式(例如图17的该服务器模式层次1702)中,对应于该功能框“CALC1”1606的对象关联于与对应于属性“ABS_PRESS_CF”1608和属性“ABS_TEMP_CF”1610的对象不同的服务器角色。然而,在客户模式(例如图17的客户模式层次1704)中,对应于该功能框“CALC1”1606、属性“ABS_PRESS_CF”1608和属性“ABS_TEMP_CF”1610的对象被表示作为该同一客户角色的一部分。
图17的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次1702与客户模式层次1704之间的映射配置1700,其将单个客户角色映射到多个服务器角色,以产生图16的该示例用户界面1600。在该映射配置中所描述的映射可以由客户模型116(图1)执行。映射配置1700通过客户模型层次1706和多个掩码1708a-d将该客户模式层次1704映射到该服务器模式层次1702。该服务器模式层次1702包括类型“Composite Function Block”的服务器对象1710,其包含两个服务器角色:类型“Blocks”的服务器角色1712和类型“Attributes”的服务器角色1714。该服务器角色“Blocks”1712指向类型“BlockUsage”的客户对象1716,并且该服务器角色“Attributes”1714指向类型“AttributeDefinitions”的客户对象1718。如图所示,该客户模型层次1706符合该服务器模式层次1702。
该客户模式层1704包括类型“Composite”的客户对象1720,其包含类型“Children”的客户角色1722。该客户角色“Children”1722指向类型“Blocks”的客户对象1724和类型“Attributes”的客户对象1726。
图18描述了可以用来产生从图17的服务器模式层次1702到客户模式层1704的映射的示例XML源代码1800。该XML源代码1800将客户对象“Composite”1720(图17)映射到该服务器对象“Composite Function Block”1710(图17)(线1802)。包含在该客户对象“Composite”1720(线1804)内的该客户角色“Children”1722映射到两个服务器角色。特别地,该客户角色“Children”1722映射到该服务器角色“Blocks”1712(线1806),并映射到该服务器角色“Attributes”1714(线1808)。为了映射到该服务器角色“Blocks”1712,该客户角色“Children”1722指向该客户对象“Block”1724(线1806)。为了映射到该服务器角色“Attributes”1714,该客户角色“Children”1722指向该客户对象“Attribute”1726(线1808)。该客户角色“Block”1724映射到该服务器对象“BlockUsage”1716(线1810),并且该客户角色“Attribute”1726映射到该服务器对象“AttributeDefinition”1718(线1812).
图19描述了表示特定工厂区域“AREA_A”1902内多个不同控制设备的示例用户界面1900。具体地说,该工厂区域“AREA_A”1902包括“LIC-549”控制设备1904、“PLM1”控制设备1906、和“EM1”控制设备1908。如下结合图20和21所述,该控制设备1904、1906和1908在客户模式(例如图20的该客户模式层次2004)中表示为映射到服务器模式(例如图20的该服务器模式层次2002)中的单个服务器角色的三个独立的客户角色。
图20的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次2002与客户模式层次2004之间的映射配置2000,其将单个客户角色映射到多个客户角色,以产生图19的示例用户界面1900。该映射配置2000通过客户模型层次2006和多个掩码2008a-d将该客户模式层次2004映射到该服务器模式层次2002。该服务器模式层次2002包括类型“Area”的服务器对象2010,其包含类型“Modules”的服务器角色2012。该服务器角色“Modules”2012指向类型“Phase LogicModule”的服务器对象2014、类型“Equipment Module”的服务器对象2016、和类型“ControlModule”的服务器对象2018。该客户模型层次2006包括类型“PLM1”的实对象2020、类型“EM1”的实对象2022、和类型“LIC-459”的实对象2024,其分别对应于服务器对象“Phase Logic Module”2014、服务器对象“Equipment Module”2016、以及服务器对象“Control Module”2018。该实对象“PLM1”2020、实对象“EM1”2022、以及实对象“LIC-459”也分别对应于该用户界面1900中所示的该“LIC-549”控制设备1904、“PLM1”控制设备1906、和“EM1”控制设备1908。
该客户模式层次2004包括类型“Area”的客户对象2026,其指向类型“ControlModules”的客户角色2028、类型“PhaseLogicModules”的客户角色2030、和类型“EquipmentModules”的客户角色2032。该客户角色“ControlModules”2028指向类型“Control Module”的客户对象2034。该客户角色“PhaseLogicModules”2030指向类型“Phase Logic Module”的客户对象2036。该客户角色“EquipmentModules”2032指向类型“EquipmentModule”的客户对象2038。
图21描述了可以用来产生从图20的该服务器模式层次2002到客户模式层次2004的角色映射的示例XML源代码2100。如该XML源代码2100中所示,该客户角色“ControlModules”2028被映射到该服务器角色“Modules”2006(线2102)。而且,该客户角色“PhaseLogicModules”2030被映射到该服务器角色“Modules”2006(线2104)。另外,该客户角色“EquipmentModules”2032被映射到该服务器角色“Modules”2006(线2106)。
图22描述的示例用户界面2200可以用来选择性地显示与控制设备关联的项。例如,该用户界面2200示出了“CH01”控制设备2202并仅显示了一个属性,即属性“CTLR1C01CH01”2004,其该“CH01”控制设备2202关联,尽管该“CH01”控制设备2202与服务器模式(例如图23的服务器模式层次2302)中的至少两个属性关联。如下进一步详述的,客户模式(例如图23的客户模式层次2304)可以被映射到服务器模式(例如服务器模式层次2302)中的服务器对象的子集,使得客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)仅显示如用户界面2200中所示对象的该子集。
图23的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次2302与客户模式层次2304之间的映射配置2300,其将客户对象映射到服务器对象的子集,以产生图22的该示例用户界面2200。客户模式层次2306包括类型“CTLR1C01”的实对象2308,其对应于图22的属性“CTLR1C01CH01”2204。该服务器模式层次2302包括类型“Device”的服务器对象2310和类型“DST”的服务器对象2312。该客户模式层次2304包括类型“DST”的客户对象2314。如图24的该示例XML源代码2400中所示,该客户对象“DST”2314被映射到该服务器对象“DST”2312(线2402)。该客户对象“DST”2314通过该实对象“CTLR1C01CH01”2308和掩码“CTLR1C01CH01”2316被映射到该服务器对象“DST”2312。
图25描述的示例用户界面2500可以用来将附加项插入到控制设备视图中,即使该附加项并不是用于该控制设备的服务器模式的一部分。该用户界面2500包括“CTLR1”控制设备2502,其所示具有“Assigned Modules”项2504和“TIC-205”项2506。如下面结合图26所述的,服务器模式(例如图26的服务器模式2602)并不包括对应于该“Assigned Modules”项2504的服务器对象。相反,对应于该“Assigned Modules”项2504的客户对象被插入到客户模式(例如图26的该客户模式2604)中。
图26的详细框图描述了服务器模式层次2602与客户模式层次2604之间的映射配置2600,其将客户对象插入到该客户模式层次2604中。服务器模式层次2602和客户模式层次2604中的每个都包括单个对象。具体而言,服务器模式层次2602包括类型“Module”的服务器对象2608,并且客户模型层次2606包括对应于该服务器对象“Module”2608和该“TIC-205”项2506(图25)的类型“TIC-201”的实对象2610。该客户模式层次2604包括对应于该服务器对象2608和客户模型对象2610的客户对象“Module”2612。另外,客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)已经插入类型“AssignedModules”的客户对象2614。
图27描述了用于将客户对象“AssignedModules”2614(图26)插入到客户模式层次2604(图26)的示例XML源代码2700。具体地说,为了创建该客户对象“Assigned Modules”2614,该示例XML源代码2700规定:类型“AssignedModules”的客户角色2616(图26)不具有服务器模式映射(例如Role name=”AssignedModules”mapping=“”),并且该客户角色“AssignedModules”2616指向该客户对象“AssignedModules”2614(线2702)。为了将该客户对象“AssignedModules”2614插入到该客户模式层次2604,该示例XML源代码2700规定:该客户对象“Assigned Modules”2614假装映射到类型“Control”的服务器对象2618(例如该服务器模式层次2602的父对象)。该客户对象“AssignedModules”2614包含类型“Modules”的客户角色2620(图26),其映射到类型“AssignedModules”的服务器角色2622(图26)(线2706)。
图28描述的示例用户界面2800可以用来显示可以通过命令为其获得实时过程控制数据的项。该用户界面2800包括现场总线端口“P01”2802,其包含可以从其中通过该运行期服务器114获得实时过程控制数据的控制设备(图1)。具体地说,该现场总线端口“P01”2802包含“DecommissionedFieldbus Devices”2804,其包括控制设备“D1”2806。该控制设备“D1”2806在客户模式(例如图29的该客户模式层2902)中作为如下结合图29所述的命令来实现。
图29的详细框图描述了作为命令实现的客户角色的映射配置。客户模式层次2902包括作为命令实现的类型“Devices”的客户角色2904。该客户角色“Devices”2904可以用来从图1的运行期服务器114中获得实时过程控制数据。图30的示例XML源代码3000规定:类型“DecommissionedDevices”的客户对象2906(图29)(图30的线30)包含该客户角色“Devices”2904(图29)。该示例XML源代码3000还规定:使用存储在文件“commands.dll”(例如assembly=”commands.dll”)中的命令指令来实现该客户角色“Devices”2904,并且规定实现客户角色“Devices”2904的指定命令是“GetDecommissionedDevices”(线3004)。该客户角色“Devices”2904指向类型“FieldbusDevices”的客户对象2908(图29)(图30的线3004),其并不映射到服务器模式层次2901(图29)(图30的线3006)。
图31A、31B和32所述的流程图表示用于实现图1和2的示例客户应用程序108、示例客户模型116、和示例用户界面118的示例机器可读并可执行的指令。在这些例子中,该机器可读指令包括用于由处理器执行的程序,诸如图33的该示例处理器系统3310中所示的处理器3312。该程序可以实施在存储于有形介质上的软件中,其中有形介质诸如CD-ROM、软盘、硬盘驱动、数字万能盘(DVD)、或与处理器3312相关联的存储器,和/或该程序可以以已知的方式实施于固件或专用硬件中。例如,图1和2的示例客户应用程序108、示例客户模型116和示例用户界面118内的任何或所有结构都可以通过软件、硬件和/或固件实现。进一步,虽然参照图31A、31B和32中所述的流程图描述了该示例程序,但是本领域的普通技术人员会容易认识到,可替换地可以使用许多其它方法来实现图1和2的示例客户应用程序108、示例客户模型116、和示例用户界面118。例如,这些方框的执行顺序可以改变,和/或可以改变、消除或组合某些所述方框。
图31A和31B所述的流程图是可以用来在运行阶段期间提供通过客户对象(例如图2、7和8的客户对象212)对实对象(例如图2、7和8的实对象216)进行客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)访问的示例方法。起始,该客户应用程序108引用第一和第二UI视图(例如图7的第一和第二UI视图702和704)(方框3102)。该第一UI视图702然后请求通过父客户对象(例如图7的父客户对象“O”710a)以及对应的父对象句柄和掩码(例如图7的父对象句柄“H”712a和第零个掩码“M”714a)访问父实对象(例如图7的父实对象“R”708a)(方框3104)。例如,该第一UI视图702可以发送调用来使用该父客户对象“O”710a。该父客户对象“O”710a然后可以通过引用该父对象句柄“H”712a进行响应,该父对象句柄又引用该第零个掩码“M”714a。该第零个掩码“M”714a然后引用该父实对象“R”708a,并且在该第一UI视图702与该父实对象“R”708a之间建立通信路径,如图7中所示。
该第一UI视图702然后使得该父实对象“R”708a装载实角色(例如图7的“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b)(方框3106)。例如,该第一UI视图702调用该父客户对象“O”710a上的装载角色并传送该角色名称“ModuleLibrary”。该父客户对象“O”710a然后从该父对象句柄“H”712a中提取该实角色,并且该父对象句柄“H”712a使得该第零个掩码“M”714a装载该“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b。
该父实对象“R”708a然后装载该“ModuleLibrary”实角色708b下的第一和第二实对象708c和708d(方框3108)。该第零个掩码“M”714a然后为第一和第二实对象708c和708d创建掩码(例如图7的第一和第二掩码714b和714c),并将这些掩码返回到该父对象句柄“H”712a(方框3110)。该父对象句柄“H”712a然后为该第一和第二掩码714b和714c创建对象句柄(例如图7的第一和第二对象句柄712b和712c),并将对象句柄返回到该父客户对象“O”710a(方框3112)。
该父客户对象“O”710a然后实例化第一和第二子客户对象710b和710c(图7),并将每个子客户对象710a-b引用到对应的对象句柄(方框3114)。具体地说,该第一子客户对象710b被引用到该第一对象句柄712b,并且该第二子客户对象710c被引用到该第二对象句柄712c。该第一UI视图702然后引用该第一和第二子客户对象710b和710c(方框3116),这就形成了如图7中所示第一UI视图702与第一和第二实对象708c和708d之间的通信路径。
如图31B中所示,该第二UI视图然后请求访问该第一实对象708c(方框3118)。该客户模型116然后确定该第一和第二视图702和704是否共用客户模式(例如图14、17、20、23、26和29中的客户模式层次中的一个)(方框3120)。如果该UI视图702和704的确共用客户模式,那么该第一UI视图702将第一子客户对象710b传送到第二UI视图704(方框3122)。在这种情况下,如图7中所示,在该第二UI视图704与该第一子客户对象710b之间建立数据路径,并且该第一UI视图702与该第一子客户对象710b之间的数据路径未被激活,因为该第一UI视图702不再引用该第一子客户对象710b。
如果该第一和第二UI视图702和704并不共用客户模式,那么该第一UI视图702将该第二UI视图704传送到对应于该第一子客户对象710b的服务器路径(方框3124)。该第二UI视图704然后将该服务器路径传送到该客户模型116,并发送请求给该客户模型116来查找该服务器路径上的项(方框31260)。该客户模式116然后创建第三掩码804(图8)和第三对象句柄806(图8),其引用该第一实对象708c(方框3128)。该第二UI视图704然后从该客户模型116接收该第三对象句柄804(图8)(方框3130)。该第二UI视图704然后实例化该第三子客户对象804(方框3132)。该第三子客户对象804然后引用该第三对象句柄804(方框3134)。然后在该第二UI视图704与该第一实对象708c之间形成通信路径,如图8中所示。当该第一UI视图702结束访问该第一实对象708c时,该客户模型指示该第一子客户对象710b、第一对象句柄712b和第一掩码714b不再被使用或未活动,并准备用于垃圾收集(方框3136)。
在该客户模型116指示哪些客户对象、句柄和掩码准备用于垃圾收集之后,或者在方框3122该第一UI视图702将该第一子客户对象710b传送到该第二UI视图704之后,该客户模型116确定该第一UI视图702是否需要再次访问该第一实对象708c(方框3138)。如果该第一UI视图702的确需要再次访问该第一实对象708c,那么就将控制传送回到方框3104(图31A),并且重复上面结合方框3104至3116所述的操作,以在该第一UI视图702与该第一实对象708c之间建立通信路径。在这种情况下,如图7中所示,通过该第一子客户对象“O1’”的第二实例710e、第一对象句柄“H1’”的第二实例712d、和第一掩码“M1’”的第二实例714d建立从该第一UI视图702到第一实对象708c之间的通信路径。如果该客户模型116在方框3138确定该第一UI视图702并不需要再次访问该第一实对象708c,那么该过程就结束。
图32是可以用来更新客户对象(例如图9中的客户对象902)中的修改的过程控制数据的示例方法。初始,该客户模型116(图1)获得更新通知事件(方框3202)。该客户模型116从该过程控制系统数据库服务器112和/或该过程控制系统数据库110中接收该更新通知事件。例如,当修改了该过程控制系统数据库110中的存储过程控制数据时,该过程控制系统数据库110发布更新通知事件(例如“UpdateNotification”事件)和可疑实对象或脏实对象(例如图2和图7中与该数据库110中被修改的过程控制数据相关联的某些实对象216)的列表。响应于该“UpdateNotification”事件,该客户模型116识别一个或多个可疑客户对象(例如图2和图7中的某些客户对象212),其对应于通过该“UpdateNotification”事件提供给该客户模型116的可疑实对象(方框3204)。该客户模型116然后例如通过“QuestionableUpdateNotification”事件将可疑客户对象的列表传送到客户应用程序(例如图1的客户应用程序108)(方框3206)。该可疑客户对象的列表可以包括每个可疑客户对象的句柄或标识。
该客户应用程序108然后从该客户模型116接收该可疑客户对象的列表,并根据该可疑客户对象的列表产生脏哈希表(例如图9的该脏哈希表916)(方框3208)。例如,该客户应用程序108的预先产生的部分类(例如图2的预先产生的部分类206)可以包括用来监视该“QuestionableUp-dateNotification”事件和可疑客户对象的列表的方法或事件。该客户应用程序108然后通知任何可视UI视图(例如图7的UI视图702和704以及图9的UI视图118):已经接收到更新通知事件(方框3210)。例如,为了减少更新用户可以看到的过程控制数据所需要的时间量,该客户应用程序108可以不告知最小化在用户界面显示器上的任何UI视图。该可视UI视图然后根据该脏哈希表916确定它们这些客户对象是否有脏的(方框3212)。例如,该可视UI视图的客户对象确定任何他们这些句柄或标识符是否对应于该脏哈希表916中的可疑客户对象的句柄或标识符。
该可视UI视图然后标志出处于该脏哈希表916中的任何使用的对象句柄(方框3124)。例如,如果该UI视图118仍然在使用该客户对象902,并且对应于该客户对象902的对象句柄在该脏哈希表916中,那么该对象902标志出该脏哈希表916中其对应的对象句柄,以指示该客户对象902仍然“在使用”,并从而不准备用于垃圾收集。该脏哈希表916中任何没有被标志的对象句柄都被标定或指定为未活动或未被使用,并可以用于垃圾收集。该客户模型116然后删除或卸载所有未活动或未被使用的脏对象句柄(方框3216)。例如,该客户模型116可以使用垃圾收集例程来删除或卸载该脏哈希表916中所列出的、但是没有被标志为在使用或活动的所有脏对象句柄。
该客户模型116然后为该脏哈希表916中被标志为在使用的脏对象句柄检索更新的或修改的过程控制数据(方框3218)。例如,该客户模型116产生对应于“在使用”的脏对象的过程控制数据的查询,并将该查询传送到过程控制系统数据库服务器112(图1)。该过程控制系统数据库服务器112然后从该过程控制系统数据库110检索该修改的过程控制数据,并将该修改的过程控制数据返回到该客户模型116。
该客户模型116然后将该更新的或修改的过程控制数据从服务器模式转换到客户模式(方框3220)。例如,该客户模型116可以使用上面结合图14、17、20、23、26和29所述的任何映射配置来将该修改的过程控制数据从该服务器模式(例如图14、17、20、23、26和29的服务器模式层次中的一个)转换或映射到客户模式(例如图14、17、20、23、26和29的客户模式层次中的一个)。
该客户模型116然后确定哪些当前为该可疑客户对象所装载的过程控制数据值不同于所接收到的修改的过程控制数据,并只将不同的修改的过程控制数据(例如实际上已经改变的数据)传送到该客户应用程序(方框3222)。通过这种方式,该客户模型116并不必将标志为修改的、但是实际上与当前装载在客户应用程序108中的过程控制数据没有变化的任何过程控制数据传送到客户应用程序108。该客户应用程序108然后将更新通知发送到与已使用的脏对象句柄关联的、并且从客户模式116接收到修改的过程控制数据的客户对象(方框3224)。例如,该客户应用程序108可以发送通知到该客户对象902,并传送与任何PROPERTY_C元素910c、PROPERTY_D元素910d、以及PROPERTY_E元素910e(图9)关联的修改的过程控制数据。每个客户对象然后根据所接收到的修改的过程控制数据更新其数据(方框3226)。例如,该客户对象902可以根据所接收到的修改的过程控制数据更新元素910c、910d和910e的值。
图33是示例处理器系统的框图,其可以用来实施此处所述的示例装置、方法和制品。如图33中所示,该处理器系统3310包括与互连总线3314连接的处理器3312。该处理器3312包括寄存器组或寄存器空间3316,其在图33中所示为与芯片一体,但是其可替换地可以全部或部分不在芯片上,并通过专用电子连接和/或通过互连总线3314与该处理器3312直接连接。该处理器3312可以是任何适当的处理器、处理单元或微处理器。虽然在图33中没有示出,但是该系统3310可以是多处理器系统,并于是可以包括一个或多个附加处理器,其与该处理器3312相似或相同,并与该互连总线3314通信地连接。
图33的处理器3312与芯片组3318连接,其包括存储器控制器3320和输入/输出(I/O)控制器3322。如所熟知的,芯片组典型地提供I/O和存储器管理功能以及可以被一个或多个与该芯片组3318连接的处理器访问或使用的多个通用和/或专用的寄存器、定时器等。该存储器控制器3320执行使得处理器3312(或如果有多个处理器就是多个处理器)能够访问系统存储器3324和大容量存储器3325的功能。
该系统存储器3324可以包括任何所想要类型的易失性和/或非易失性存储器,诸如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、快速存储器、只读存储器(ROM)等。该大容量存储器3325可以包括任何所想要类型的大容量存储设备,包括硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、磁带存储设备等。
该I/O控制器3322执行使得处理器3312能够通过I/O总线3332与外围输入/输出(I/O)设备3326和3328以及网络接口3330通信的功能。该I/O设备3326和3328可以是任何想要类型的I/O设备,诸如键盘、视频显示器和监视器、鼠标等。该网络接口3330例如可以是使得该处理器系统331O能够与另一个处理器系统通信的以太网设备、异步传输模式(ATM)设备、802.11设备、DSL调制解调器、线缆调制解调器、蜂窝调制解调器等。
虽然在图33中该存储器控制器3320和I/O控制器3322所示为该芯片组3318内的不同功能块,但是由这些功能块所执行的功能可以集成在单个半导体电路内,或者可以使用两个或更多个分开的集成电路来实现。
虽然这里已经描述了某些方法、装置以及制品,但是本专利的覆盖范围并不限于此。相反,本专利范围覆盖落入所附权利要求书字面意思或等同物的范围内的所有方法、装置和制品。
Claims (62)
1、一种用于访问过程控制数据的方法,包括:
装载客户对象;
从该客户对象向被配置成与服务器通信的实对象传送数据访问请求;
根据该数据访问请求从该实对象向该服务器传送查询;
响应于该查询,从该服务器获得过程控制数据;
将该过程控制数据从与服务器模式关联的第一数据布局映射到与客户模式关联的第二数据布局;和
将所映射的过程控制数据传送给应用程序。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该过程控制数据以可扩展标记语言形式从该服务器获得。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该过程控制数据是存储的过程控制数据或实时过程控制数据中的至少之一。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该客户对象通过应用程序装载。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局的步骤包括:将与该客户模式关联的多个客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的服务器角色元素。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局的步骤包括:将与该客户模式关联的客户对象映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器对象。
7、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局的步骤包括:将与该客户模式关联的客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器角色元素。
8、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局的步骤包括:将客户角色元素和客户对象插入到该客户模式,其中该服务器模式不包括对应于该客户角色元素和该客户对象的服务器角色元素和服务器对象。
9、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局的步骤包括以命令方式实现客户角色元素。
10、根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括在将该映射的过程控制数据传送给该应用程序之后卸载该客户对象。
11、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中卸载该客户对象的步骤包括指定该客户对象未被使用。
12、一种用于访问过程控制数据的装置,包括:
处理器系统;和
与该处理器系统通信连接的存储器,该存储器包括存储的指令,其使得该处理器系统能够:
装载客户对象;
从该客户对象向被配置为与服务器通信的实对象传送数据访问请求;
根据该数据访问请求从该实对象向该服务器传送查询;
响应于该查询,从该服务器获得过程控制数据;
将该过程控制数据从与服务器模式关联的第一数据布局映射到与客户模式关联的第二数据布局;和
将所映射的过程控制数据传送给应用程序。
13、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该过程控制数据以可扩展标记语言形式从该服务器获得。
14、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该过程控制数据是存储的过程控制数据或实时过程控制数据中的至少之一。
15、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该客户对象通过应用程序装载。
16、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过将与该客户模式关联的多个客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的服务器角色元素,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
17、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过将与该客户模式关联的客户对象映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器对象,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
18、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过将与该客户模式关联的客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器角色元素,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
19、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过将客户角色元素和客户对象插入到该客户模式中来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局,其中该服务器模式不包括对应于该客户角色元素和该客户对象的服务器角色元素和服务器对象。
20、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过以命令方式实现客户角色元素来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
21、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够在将该映射的过程控制数据传送给该应用程序之后卸载该客户对象。
22、根据权利要求21所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够通过指定该客户对象未被使用来卸载该客户对象。
23、一种机器可访问介质,其上存储有指令,当执行该指令时使得机器:
装载客户对象;
从该客户对象向被配置为与服务器通信的实对象传送数据访问请求;
根据该数据访问请求从该实对象向该服务器传送查询;
响应于该查询,从该服务器获得过程控制数据;
将该过程控制数据从与服务器模式关联的第一数据布局映射到与客户模式关联的第二数据布局;和
将所映射的过程控制数据传送给应用程序。
24、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中该过程控制数据以可扩展标记语言形式从该服务器获得。
25、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中该过程控制数据是存储的过程控制数据或实时过程控制数据中的至少之一。
26、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中该客户对象通过应用程序装载。
27、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过将与该客户模式关联的多个客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的服务器角色元素,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
28、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过将与该客户模式关联的客户对象映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器对象,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
29、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过将与该客户模式关联的客户角色元素映射到与该服务器模式关联的多个服务器角色元素,来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
30、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过将客户角色元素和客户对象插入到该客户模式中来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局,其中该服务器模式不包括对应于该客户角色元素和该客户对象的服务器角色元素和服务器对象。
31、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过以命令方式实现客户角色元素来将该过程控制数据从该第一数据布局映射到该第二数据布局。
32、根据权利要求23所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器在将该映射的过程控制数据传送给该应用程序之后卸载该客户对象。
33、根据权利要求32所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时,使得该机器通过指定该客户对象未被使用来卸载该客户对象。
34、一种用于访问过程控制数据的方法,包括:
响应于用户界面请求装载第一和第二客户对象,其中该第一和第二客户对象与访问基于客户模式组织的过程控制数据关联;
装载与该第一和第二客户对象关联的实对象,该实对象被配置用来获得基于服务器模式组织的过程控制数据;
将过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织,并将该过程控制数据传送到该第一和第二客户对象;和
通过与该第一客户对象关联的第一用户界面和与该第二客户对象关联的第二用户界面获得该过程控制数据。
35、根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中基于至少一个掩码将该过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织。
36、根据权利要求34所述的方法,进一步包括在该第一用户界面结束使用该第一客户对象之后将该第一客户对象指定为未活动状态。
37、根据权利要求36所述的方法,进一步包括卸载该第一客户对象句柄。
38、根据权利要求34所述的方法,进一步包括响应于更新通知,更新与该第一用户界面或该第二用户界面关联的过程控制数据。
39、一种用于访问过程控制数据的装置,包括:
处理器系统;和
与该处理器系统通信地连接的存储器,该存储器包括存储的指令,所述指令使得该处理器系统能够:
响应于用户界面请求装载第一和第二客户对象,其中该第一和第二客户对象与访问基于客户模式组织的过程控制数据关联;
装载与该第一和第二客户对象关联的实对象,该实对象被配置用来获得基于服务器模式组织的过程控制数据;
将过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织,并将该过程控制数据传送给该第一和第二客户对象;和
通过与该第一客户对象关联的第一用户界面和与该第二客户对象关联的第二用户界面获得该过程控制数据。
40、根据权利要求39所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够基于至少一个掩码将该过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织。
41、根据权利要求39所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够在该第一用户界面结束使用该第一客户对象之后将该第一客户对象指定为未活动状态。
42、根据权利要求41所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够卸载该第一客户对象句柄。
43、根据权利要求39所述的装置,其中该指令使得该处理器系统能够响应于更新通知,更新与该第一用户界面或该第二用户界面关联的过程控制数据。
44、一种机器可访问介质,其上存储有指令,当执行所述指令时使得机器:
响应于用户界面请求装载第一和第二客户对象,其中该第一和第二客户对象与访问基于客户模式组织的过程控制数据关联;
装载与该第一和第二客户对象关联的实对象,该实对象被配置用来获得基于服务器模式组织的过程控制数据;
将过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织,并将该过程控制数据传送给该第一和第二客户对象;和
通过与该第一客户对象关联的第一用户界面和与该第二客户对象关联的第二用户界面获得该过程控制数据。
45、根据权利要求44所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时使得该机器基于至少一个掩码将该过程控制数据从该服务器模式组织映射到该客户模式组织。
46、根据权利要求44所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时使得该机器在该第一用户界面结束使用该第一客户对象之后将该第一客户对象指定为未活动状态。
47、根据权利要求46所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时使得该机器卸载该第一客户对象句柄。
48、根据权利要求44所述的机器可访问介质,其中当执行该指令时使得该机器响应于更新通知,更新与该第一用户界面或该第二用户界面关联的过程控制数据。
49、一种用于访问过程控制数据的系统,包括:
预先产生的部分类,其包括与访问过程控制数据关联的预先产生的类元素;
用户产生的部分类,其与该预先产生的部分类关联,并且具有能通过该预先产生的类元素来访问过程控制数据的用户定义的类元素;
用户界面,其被配置用来基于该预先产生的部分类和该用户产生的部分类来实例化客户对象,并且被配置用来根据该预先产生的类元素和用户定义的类元素访问过程控制数据;和
客户模型,其被配置用来装载对象句柄和与该客户对象关联的实对象,并且在该客户对象与服务器之间通过该对象句柄和该实对象传送过程控制数据。
50、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该预先产生的部分类和该用户产生的部分类形成完整类。
51、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该预先产生的部分类和该用户产生的部分类的该预先产生的类元素和用户产生的类元素通过继承和聚集进行共用。
52、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该预先产生的部分类和该用户产生的部分类被配置用来跨名字空间共用该预先产生的类元素和用户定义的类元素。
53、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该用户界面包括I/O控件,其被配置成被数据绑定到与所述预先产生的类元素或用户定义的类元素关联的属性。
54、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该客户模型被配置用来将与修改的过程控制数据关联的更新信息传送给客户应用程序。
55、根据权利要求54所述的系统,其中该用户界面被配置用来确定该更新信息中所指定的任何修改的过程控制数据是否与该客户对象关联。
56、根据权利要求54所述的系统,其中如果任何修改的过程控制数据与该客户对象关联,并且如果该用户界面需要使用该客户对象,那么该用户界面被配置用来将该客户句柄标记为已使用过。
57、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该客户模型被配置用来基于该实对象与多个服务器通信。
58、根据权利要求57所述的系统,其中所述多个服务器包括与存储的过程控制数据关联的数据库服务器或者与实时过程控制数据关联的运行期服务器。
59、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该实对象被配置用来获得基于服务器模式层次结构组织的过程控制数据。
60、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该客户对象被配置用来获得基于客户模式层次结构组织的过程控制数据。
61、根据权利要求49所述的系统,其中该客户模型被配置用来将该过程控制数据从服务器模式层次结构映射到客户模式层次结构。
62、一种用于修改过程控制数据的方法,包括:
获得与修改的过程控制数据相关联的更新通知事件;
根据该更新通知事件识别与该修改的过程控制数据相关联的对象;
检索与该对象相关联的修改的过程控制数据;
确定该修改的过程控制数据是否不同于所装载的与该对象关联的过程控制数据;和
如果该修改的过程控制数据不同于所装载的过程控制数据,那么就根据该修改的过程控制数据来更新与客户应用程序关联的值。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101424941B (zh) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-05-25 | 北京北方微电子基地设备工艺研究中心有限责任公司 | 一种控制实现方法和系统 |
CN102859512A (zh) * | 2010-04-29 | 2013-01-02 | 微软公司 | 可远程处理的项目 |
US9990192B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2018-06-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Remotable project |
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