CN114127147A - 聚氨酯组合物、用所述聚氨酯组合物制备的产品和所述产品的制备方法 - Google Patents
聚氨酯组合物、用所述聚氨酯组合物制备的产品和所述产品的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114127147A CN114127147A CN201980098586.0A CN201980098586A CN114127147A CN 114127147 A CN114127147 A CN 114127147A CN 201980098586 A CN201980098586 A CN 201980098586A CN 114127147 A CN114127147 A CN 114127147A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyol
- polyurethane
- groups
- ester
- block copolymer
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- IFYYFLINQYPWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-decalactone Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1 IFYYFLINQYPWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/14—Manufacture of cellular products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/3275—Hydroxyamines containing two hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
提供了一种聚氨酯组合物。所述聚氨酯组合物包括:(A)一种或多种聚氨酯‑预聚物,所述一种或多种聚氨酯‑预聚物是通过使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应来制备的;以及(B)第二多元醇组分;其中所述第一多元醇组分和所述第二多元醇组分中的至少一种包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇是通过使起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4‑C20内酯反应而合成的。通过使用所述聚氨酯组合物制备的聚氨酯泡沫可以实现得以抑制的内热积聚、高热稳定性和优异的撕裂强度。还提供了一种用所述泡沫制备的聚氨酯产品、用于制备所述聚氨酯泡沫的方法以及用于改进所述聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性的方法。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种聚氨酯组合物、通过使用所述组合物制备的聚氨酯泡沫和模制产品、用于制备所述聚氨酯泡沫的方法以及用于改进所述聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性的方法。聚氨酯组合物表现出降低的粘度,并且聚氨酯泡沫表现出优异的特性,如得以抑制的内热积聚、高热稳定性、优异的撕裂强度、增强的耐磨性和良好的耐水解性。
背景技术
微孔聚氨酯泡沫是密度为约100-900kg/m3的发泡性聚氨酯材料,并且通常是通过包括使第一组分与第二组分反应的步骤的双组分过程制造而成的,所述第一组分主要包括多元醇和如发泡剂、催化剂、表面活性剂等任选的添加剂,所述第二组分包括通过使多元醇与聚异氰酸酯反应而获得的一种或多种聚氨酯-预聚物。将所述两个组分以高速度共混并且然后转移到具有期望的形状的各种模具中。在过去的几十年中,微孔聚氨酯泡沫已经用于宽范围的最终用途应用,如制鞋(例如,鞋底)和汽车工业(例如,由整皮泡沫构成的保险杠和扶手)。最近,已经在实心轮胎应用中探究了微孔聚氨酯泡沫。这些微孔聚氨酯实心轮胎之所以具有吸引力是因为可以消除所有充气橡胶轮胎固有的并且可能会引起潜在的安全问题和增加的维护成本的放气风险。
由于聚氨酯的产生“内热”的固有属性,聚氨酯在轮胎应用中的使用一直具有挑战性。内热积聚源自于机械能转变成聚氨酯内部的热量,并且特征在于在滚动期间,尤其是在较高的速度和负载下,轮胎温度显着升高。随着温度升高,通常会观察到材料失效,包含疲劳开裂和/或熔融。因此,聚氨酯轮胎可以进行操作的速度和负载的上限是通过内热积聚确定的,并且当然,也会通过聚氨酯轮胎的热稳定性来确定。已经做出了巨大努力以通过引入官能部分,例如异氰脲酸酯基团、噁唑烷酮基团、草酰胺基团或硼酸酯基团来提高聚氨酯的热稳定性,或通过使用特殊的异氰酸酯,如1,5-萘二异氰酸酯来减少聚氨酯中的“内热积聚”。然而,通过使用具有特殊基团或特殊异氰酸酯的化学品进行的上述改性通常太过昂贵而无法商业化。
值得注意的是,据报告,基于聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇的混合物的调配物是用于制造聚氨酯实心轮胎的良好候选者。这些轮胎示出了良好的模态、耐磨性、耐穿刺性、高回弹性和低压缩永久变形。然而,聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的共混物往往会带来加工特性方面的缺点,如由于分段而导致的操作时间较短和可能由于聚醚结构与聚酯结构之间的不相容性而造成的撕裂强度、内热积聚与热稳定性之间的性能平衡退化。
出于上述原因,聚氨酯制造行业仍需要开发一种能够以经济实惠的方式使其上述性能特性得以改进的聚氨酯组合物。在持续的探索之后,发明人已经令人惊讶地开发了一种可以实现上述目标中的一个或多个目标的聚氨酯组合物。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种独特的聚氨酯组合物、通过使用所述组合物制备的聚氨酯泡沫和模制产品、用于制备所述聚氨酯泡沫的方法以及用于改进所述聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性的方法。
在本公开的第一方面,本公开提供了一种聚氨酯组合物,所述聚氨酯组合物包括:
(A)一种或多种聚氨酯-预聚物,所述一种或多种聚氨酯-预聚物是通过使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应来制备的;以及
(B)第二多元醇组分;
其中所述第一多元醇组分和所述第二多元醇组分中的至少一种包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇是通过使起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4-C20内酯反应而合成的,所述C4-C20内酯任选地被选自由以下组成的组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C12烷基、C2-C12烯基、含氮基团、含磷基团、含硫基团和卤素。根据本公开的优选实施例,所述起始材料聚醚多元醇是聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇、多个(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇的共聚物或具有基于聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物的核相和壳相的聚合物多元醇,所述聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物的实例可以包含聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)和聚(环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷)二醇,其中所述起始材料聚醚多元醇的分子量为100到5,000,优选地200到3,000并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0;所述C4-C20内酯选自由以下组成的组:β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-己内酯、γ-辛内酯、γ-癸内酯、γ-十二内酯和其任何组合,所有上述内酯可以任选地被取代,如被由以下组成的组取代:C1-C12烷基、C2-C12烯基、含氮基团、含磷基团、含硫基团和卤素。根据本公开的另一个优选实施例,所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的分子量为至少800g/mol并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0,并且所述起始材料聚醚多元醇与所述C4-C20内酯之间的重量比为0.05/0.95到0.95/0.05。
在本公开的第二方面,本公开提供了一种用如上所述的聚氨酯组合物制备的微孔聚氨酯泡沫,其中衍生自所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元包含在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中。
在本公开的第三方面,本公开提供了一种由上述微孔聚氨酯泡沫制备的模制产品,其中所述模制产品选自由以下组成的组:轮胎、鞋类、鞋底、家具、枕头、坐垫、玩具和衬里。
在本公开的第四方面,本公开提供了一种用于制备所述微孔聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应以形成所述聚氨酯-预聚物;以及
ii)使聚氨酯-预聚物与第二多元醇组分反应以形成所述微孔聚氨酯泡沫;
其中衍生自所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元共价连接在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中。
在本公开的第五方面,本公开提供了一种用于改进微孔聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将衍生自通过使起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4-C20内酯反应而合成的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元包含在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中,其中所述性能特性包含以下中的至少一个:内热积聚、热稳定性、撕裂强度、粘度、耐磨性和耐水解性。
应当理解,前面的一般性描述和以下的详细描述均仅为示例性和解释性的,而非对如所要求保护的本发明的限制。
附图说明
图1示出了用于制备酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的反应方案;
图2-3示出了通过使用不含酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的材料制备的聚氨酯实心轮胎的照片;
图4-7示出了通过根据本公开的实施例制备的聚氨酯实心轮胎的照片。
具体实施方式
除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。此外,本文所提及的所有公开案、专利申请、专利以及其它参考文献均以引用的方式并入。
如本文所公开的,“和/或”意指“以及,或作为替代方案”。除非另外指示,否则所有范围均包含端点。除非另有指示,否则所有百分比和比例均按重量计算,并且所有分子量均为数均分子量。在本公开的上下文中,衍生自起始材料聚醚多元醇与任选地经取代的C4-C20内酯之间的反应的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇被简称为“酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇”。
根据本公开的一实施例,聚氨酯组合物是包括至少一个聚氨酯-预聚物组分(A)和异氰酸酯反应性组分(B)的“双组分”、“两部分”或“双包装”组合物,其中所述聚氨酯-预聚物包括游离异氰酸酯基团并且是通过使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应而制备的,并且所述异氰酸酯反应性组分(B)是第二多元醇组分。聚氨酯-预聚物组分(A)和异氰酸酯反应性组分(B)分开运输和储存,在如实心轮胎等聚氨酯产品的制造期间在施加之前不久或立即组合。一旦所述两个组分组合,组分(A)中的异氰酸酯基团就会与组分(B)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团(具体地,羟基)反应以形成聚氨酯。在不受任何特定理论限制的情况下,据信衍生自起始材料聚醚多元醇与任选地经取代的C4-C20内酯之间的反应的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇包含在第一多元醇组分和第二多元醇组分中的至少一种中以将所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元(残基部分)掺入最终聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中,因此所述聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性可以有效地得以改进。根据本公开的一个实施例,第一多元醇组分包括衍生自起始材料聚醚多元醇与任选地经取代的C4-C20内酯之间的反应的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,而第二多元醇组分不包括所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇。根据本公开的替代性实施例,第二多元醇组分包括衍生自起始材料聚醚多元醇与任选地经取代的C4-C20内酯之间的反应的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,而第一多元醇组分不包括所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇。根据本公开的替代性实施例,第一多元醇组分和第二多元醇组分两者都包括衍生自起始材料聚醚多元醇与任选地经取代的C4-C20内酯之间的反应的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇。图1中展示了用于制备酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的开环聚合反应方案,其中将聚醚多元醇和内酯在存在催化剂的情况下组合并加热以产生具有多于一个游离羟基末端基团以及聚醚多元醇和内酯的残基部分的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇。应当特别强调的是,现有技术中尚未公开在聚氨酯主链中包含此种酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇部分。例如,由于异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯反应性基团之间的反应性较高,因此聚异氰酸酯化合物与例如聚醚多元醇/内酯物理共混物、聚醚多元醇/聚酯多元醇物理共混物或聚醚多元醇/多元醇/多元羧酸物理共混物之间的反应永远不会形成酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的上述残基部分。
在各个实施例中,用于制备酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的起始材料聚醚多元醇的分子量为100到5,000g/mol,并且分子量可以在通过将以下端点值中的任何两个端点值组合获得的数值范围内:120、150、180、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、700、800、900、1000、1100、1200、1300、1400、1500、1600、1700、1800、1900、2000、2100、2200、2300、2400、2500、2600、2700、2800、2900、3000、3100、3200、3300、3400、3500、3600、3700、3800、3900、4000、4100、4200、4300、4400、4500、4600、4700、4800、4900和5000g/mol。在各个实施例中,用于制备酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的起始材料聚醚多元醇的平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0,并且平均羟基官能度可以在通过将以下端点值中的任何两个端点值组合获得的数值范围内:1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、2.0、2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.5、2.6、2.7、2.8、2.9、3.0、3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9、4.0、4.1、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9和5.0。根据本公开的优选实施例,起始材料聚醚多元醇选自由以下组成的组:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)和其任何共聚物,如聚(环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷)二醇。根据本申请的另一个实施例,起始材料聚醚多元醇可以是具有基于聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物的核相和壳相的聚合物多元醇。优选地,所述聚合物多元醇具有基于聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物的核相和壳相,所述聚合物多元醇的固体含量为1-50%、OH值为10-149并且羟基官能度为1.5-5.0。在本公开的上下文中,用于起始材料聚醚多元醇的上述聚合物多元醇是指具有核壳结构的复合颗粒。壳相可以包括至少一个聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物,例如,多元醇可以选自由以下组成的组:聚乙烯、(甲氧基)聚乙二醇(MPEG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚(丙二醇)、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)或具有伯羟基封端基团或仲羟基封端基团的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物(聚乙二醇-丙二醇)。核相可以是微小尺寸的并且可以包括与壳相相容的任何聚合物。例如,核相可以包括与壳相的聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、聚烯烃或聚醚(在组成或聚合度方面)不同的聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、聚烯烃或聚醚。根据本申请的优选实施例,聚合物多元醇是具有核壳结构的复合颗粒,其中核是由SAN(苯乙烯和丙烯腈)构成的微小尺寸的核,并且壳相由PO-EO多元醇构成。此种聚合物多元醇可以通过苯乙烯、丙烯腈和包括烯键式不饱和基团的聚(EO-PO)多元醇的自由基共聚来制备。
根据本公开的一实施例,聚醚多元醇可以通过在存在催化剂的情况下使选自环氧丙烷(PO)、环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇和其混合物的一种或多种直链或环状氧化烯与适当的起始分子聚合来制备。典型的起始分子包含在分子中具有至少1个、优选地1.5到3.0个羟基或者具有一个或多个伯胺基的化合物。在分子中具有至少1个和优选地1.5到3.0个羟基的合适的起始分子例如选自包括以下的组:乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁烯二醇、1,4-丁炔二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-双(羟甲基)-环己烷、1,2-双(羟甲基)环己烷、1,3-双(羟甲基)-环己烷、2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇、甲基戊二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、二丁二醇、聚丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、蓖麻油、糖化合物,例如葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和蔗糖、多元酚、甲阶段酚醛树脂,如苯酚和甲醛的低聚缩合产物和苯酚、甲醛和二烷醇胺的曼尼希缩合物(Mannich condensates)以及三聚氰胺。在分子中具有1个或多个伯胺基的起始分子可以例如选自由苯胺、EDA、TDA、MDA和PMDA组成的组,更优选地选自包括TDA和PMDA的组,并且最优选地为TDA。当使用TDA时,所有异构体可以单独使用或以任何期望的混合物使用。例如,可以使用2,4-TDA、2,6-TDA、2,4-TDA和2,6-TDA的混合物、2,3-TDA、3,4-TDA、3,4-TDA和2,3-TDA的混合物以及所有上述异构体的混合物。用于制备聚醚多元醇的催化剂可以包含用于阴离子聚合的碱性催化剂,如氢氧化钾,或用于阳离子聚合的路易斯酸催化剂(Lewis acid catalyst),如三氟化硼。合适的聚合催化剂可以包含氢氧化钾、氢氧化铯、三氟化硼或双氰化物络合物(DMC)催化剂,如六氰基钴酸锌或季磷腈鎓化合物。在本公开的优选实施例中,起始材料聚醚多元醇包含聚乙烯、(甲氧基)聚乙二醇(MPEG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚(丙二醇)、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)或具有伯羟基封端基团或仲羟基封端基团的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物(聚乙二醇-丙二醇)。
在各个实施例中,所述C4-C20内酯可以选自由以下组成的组:β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-己内酯、γ-辛内酯、γ-癸内酯、γ-十二内酯和其任何组合,所有这些内酯可以任选地被选自由以下组成的组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C12烷基、C2-C12烯基、含氮基团、含磷基团、含硫基团和卤素。在本公开的各个实施例中,含氮基团包含氨基、亚氨基、胺基、酰胺基、酰亚胺基或硝基;含磷基团包含膦基团、磷酸(phosphoricacid/phosphate)基团或膦酸(phosphonic acid/phosphonate)基团;含硫基团包含硫醇、磺酸(sulfonic acid/sulfonate)基团或磺酰基团;并且卤素包含氟、氯、溴或碘。
根据优选实施例,聚醚多元醇是唯一与内酯反应的反应物,并且在用于制备酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的体系中不包含其它反应物,如单体氧化烯。具体来说,聚醚多元醇与内酯之间的反应将会形成“嵌段共聚物”,而单体氧化烯与内酯之间的反应将会形成“无规共聚物”。
在酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的生产中可以使用催化剂。催化剂的实例包含对甲苯磺酸;基于钛(IV)的催化剂,如钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四(正丁基)酯、钛酸四辛酯、钛乙酸盐、二异丙氧基双(乙酰丙酮)钛和二异丙氧基双(乙酰乙酸乙酯)钛;基于锆的催化剂,如四乙酰丙酮酸锆、六氟乙酰丙酮酸锆、三氟乙酰丙酮酸锆、四(乙基三氟乙酰-丙酮酸)锆、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-庚二酮酸)锆、二丁氧基双(乙基乙酰乙酸)锆和二异丙氧基双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-庚二酮酸)锆;和基于锡(II)和锡(IV)的催化剂,如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二乙基己酸锡、二月桂酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、二新癸酸二甲基锡、二甲基羟基(油酸)锡和二月桂酸二辛基锡;和基于铋的催化剂,如铋辛酸酯。
根据本公开的一实施例,通过起始材料聚醚多元醇与内酯之间的反应制备的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的分子量可以为大于800g/mol。根据本公开的一实施例,起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4-C20内酯之间的重量比为0.05/0.95到0.95/0.05,优选地0.25/0.75到0.75/0.25。重量比可以根据这些反应物的特定官能度和分子量进行适当调整,条件是所产生的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇包括多于一个游离羟基并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0,如在通过将以下端点值中的任何两个端点值组合获得的数值范围内:1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、2.0、2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.5、2.6、2.7、2.8、2.9、3.0、3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9、4.0、4.1、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9和5.0。
在各个实施例中,聚异氰酸酯化合物是指具有至少两个异氰酸酯基团的脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族或杂芳基化合物。在优选实施例中,聚异氰酸酯化合物可以选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合。在另一个优选的实施例中,合适的聚异氰酸酯化合物包含间苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的各种异构体、碳化二亚胺改性的MDI产物、六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯、氢化MDI、萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或其混合物。通常,聚异氰酸酯化合物的量可以基于聚氨酯泡沫和聚氨酯轮胎的实际需求而有所不同。例如,作为一个说明性实施例,按聚氨酯组合物的总重量计,聚异氰酸酯化合物的含量可以为15wt%到60wt%、或20wt%到50wt%、或23wt%到40wt%、或25wt%到35wt%。根据本公开的优选实施例,聚异氰酸酯化合物的量被适当地选择成使得异氰酸酯基团以相对于第一多元醇组分、第二多元醇组分和任何另外的添加剂或改性剂中包含的羟基的总摩尔量的化学计量摩尔量存在。
另外或可替代地,第一多元醇组分和第二多元醇组分可以包括除酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇之外的多元醇(下文简称“多元醇”)。根据本申请的一实施例,第一多元醇组分仅包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,而第二多元醇组分包括多元醇。根据本申请的另一个实施例,第二多元醇组分仅包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,而第一多元醇组分包括多元醇。根据本申请的另一个实施例,第一多元醇组分和第二多元醇组分两者都仅包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇并且不包括任何其它多元醇作为反应物。根据本申请的另一个实施例,第一多元醇组分包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇和多元醇,而第二多元醇组分包括多元醇。根据本申请的另一个实施例,第二多元醇组分包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇和多元醇,而第一多元醇组分包括多元醇。根据本申请的另一个实施例,第二多元醇组分包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇和多元醇,并且第一多元醇组分包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇和多元醇。
根据本申请的各个实施例,除酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇之外的多元醇可以选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为100到5,000并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0的聚酯多元醇、固体含量为1-50%、OH值为10-149并且羟基官能度为1.5-5.0的具有基于多元醇的核相和壳相的聚合物多元醇、补充聚醚多元醇和其组合,所述补充聚醚多元醇是聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或多个(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇的共聚物;其中所述补充聚醚多元醇可以与所述第一聚醚多元醇相同或不同。在本公开的上下文中,除酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇之外的多元醇的上述聚合物多元醇是指具有核壳结构的复合颗粒。壳相可以包括至少一个除酯/醚无规共聚物多元醇之外的多元醇,例如,多元醇可以选自由以下组成的组:聚乙烯、(甲氧基)聚乙二醇(MPEG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚(丙二醇)、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)或具有伯羟基封端基团或仲羟基封端基团的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物(聚乙二醇-丙二醇)。核相可以是微小尺寸的并且可以包括与壳相相容的任何聚合物。例如,核相可以包括与壳相的聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、聚烯烃或聚醚(在组成或聚合度方面)不同的聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、聚烯烃或聚醚。根据本申请的优选实施例,聚合物多元醇是具有核壳结构的复合颗粒,其中核是由SAN(苯乙烯和丙烯腈)构成的微小尺寸的核,并且壳相由PO-EO多元醇构成。此种聚合物多元醇可以通过苯乙烯、丙烯腈和包括烯键式不饱和基团的聚(EO-PO)多元醇的自由基共聚来制备。
通过使聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应而制备的聚氨酯-预聚物的NCO基团含量为2到50wt%,优选地6到49wt%。
聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分之间的反应以及聚氨酯-预聚物与第二多元醇组分之间的反应可以在存在一种或多种可以促进异氰酸酯基团与羟基之间的反应的催化剂的情况下发生。在不受理论束缚的情况下,催化剂可以包含例如甘氨酸盐;叔胺;叔膦,如三烷基膦和二烷基苄基膦;吗啉衍生物;哌嗪衍生物;各种金属的螯合物,如可以由乙酰丙酮、苯甲酰丙酮、三氟乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸乙酯等以及如Be、Mg、Zn、Cd、Pd、Ti、Zr、Sn、As、Bi、Cr、Mo、Fe、Co和Ni等金属获得的那些螯合物;强酸的酸性金属盐,如氯化铁和氯化锡;有机酸与如碱金属、碱土金属、Al、Sn、Pb、Mn、Co、Ni和Cu等各种金属的盐;有机锡化合物,如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如二乙酸锡(II)、二辛酸锡(II)、二乙基己酸锡(II)和二月桂酸锡(II),和有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡;有机羧酸的铋盐,例如辛酸铋;三价和五价As、Sb和Bi和铁和钴的金属羰基的有机金属衍生物;或其混合物。
叔胺催化剂包含含有至少一个叔氮原子并且能够催化羟基/异氰酸酯反应的有机化合物。叔胺、吗啉衍生物和哌嗪衍生物催化剂可以包含,例如但不限于,三亚乙基二胺、四甲基亚乙基二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺、三戊胺、吡啶、喹啉、二甲基哌嗪、哌嗪、N-乙基吗啉、2-甲基丙二胺、甲基三亚乙基二胺、2,4,6-三二甲基氨基-甲基)苯酚、N,N',N”-三(二甲基氨基-丙基)sym-六氢三嗪或它们的混合物。
通常,按聚氨酯组合物的总重量计,本文所用的催化剂的含量大于零并且为至多3.0wt%,优选地至多2.5wt%,更优选地至多2.0wt%。
在本公开的各个实施例中,聚氨酯组合物包括选自由以下组成的组的一种或多种添加剂:扩链剂、交联剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、增粘剂、增塑剂、流变改性剂、抗氧化剂、填料、着色剂、颜料、水清除剂、表面活性剂、溶剂、稀释剂、阻燃剂、防滑剂、抗静电剂、防腐剂、杀生物剂、抗氧化剂和其两种或多种的组合。这些添加剂可以作为独立的组分运输和储存,并在组分(A)和组分(B)组合之前不久或立即掺入聚氨酯组合物中。可替代地,当组分(A)和组分(B)对异氰酸酯基团或异氰酸酯反应性基团呈化学惰性时,这些添加剂可以包含在组分(A)和组分(B)中。
形成聚氨酯泡沫的反应物中可以存在扩链剂。扩链剂是每分子具有两个异氰酸酯反应性基团且每异氰酸酯反应性基团的当量重量小于300、优选地小于200并且特别地31到125的化学品。异氰酸酯反应性基团优选地为羟基、脂肪族或芳香族伯氨基或脂肪族或芳香族仲氨基。代表性扩链剂包含乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、环己烷二甲醇、乙二胺、苯二胺、双(3-氯-4-氨基苯基)甲烷、二甲基硫代甲苯二胺和二乙基甲苯二胺。
形成聚氨酯泡沫的反应物中也可以存在一种或多种交联剂。出于本发明的目的,“交联剂”是每分子具有三个或更多个异氰酸酯反应性基团且每异氰酸酯反应性基团的当量重量小于300的材料。优选地,交联剂每分子含有3到8个,特别地3到4个羟基、伯胺基、仲胺基或叔胺基并且当量重量为30到约200,特别地50到125。合适的交联剂的实例包含二乙醇胺、单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、单、二、或三(异丙醇)胺、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等。
扩链剂和交联剂适合少量使用,因为硬度会随着这些材料中任一种材料的量的增加而增加。每100重量份的多元醇组分适合使用0到25重量份的扩链剂。优选的量为每100重量份多元醇组分1到15份。每100重量份的多元醇组分适合使用0到10重量份的交联剂。优选的量为每100重量份多元醇组分0到5份。
聚氨酯组合物中可以存在填料。包含填料主要是为了降低成本。微粒橡胶材料是特别有用的填料。此种填料可以占聚氨酯组合物的重量的1到50%或更多。
合适的发泡剂包含水、空气、氮气、氩气、二氧化碳和各种烃、氢氟烃和氢氯氟烃。反应混合物中可以存在表面活性剂。例如,如果需要多孔轮胎填充物,则可以使用表面活性剂,因为所述表面活性剂会使发泡反应混合物稳定,直到所述发泡反应混合物可以硬化以形成多孔聚合物为止。表面活性剂也可以可用于润湿填料颗粒,并且由此有助于将所述填料颗粒分散到反应性组合物和弹性体中。有机硅表面活性剂广泛用于此目的,并且也可以可用于此处。所使用的表面活性剂的量通常为每100重量份多元醇组分0.02重量份与1重量份之间。
本发明适用于制备用于可以用于多种应用的宽范围的轮胎的材料。轮胎可以用于例如自行车、如高尔夫手推车或购物手推车等手推车、机动或非机动轮椅、汽车或卡车、包含飞机在内的任何其它类型的运输工具以及各种类型的农业、工业和建筑设备。内部容积为0.1立方米或更大的大型轮胎特别受到关注。
根据本公开的各个实施例,聚氨酯泡沫的密度为至少100kg/m3,如100到950kg/m3、200到850kg/m3、300到800kg/m3、400到750kg/m3、500到700kg/m3、550到650kg/m3或580到620kg/m3或约600kg/m3。
根据本公开的优选实施例,聚氨酯组合物基本上不含有意添加到其中的水或水分。例如,“不含水”或“无水”意指,按用于制备聚氨酯组合物的原材料的混合物的总重量计,所有原材料的混合物包括小于3重量%、优选地小于2重量%、优选地小于1重量%、更优选地小于0.5重量%、更优选地小于0.2重量%、更优选地小于0.1重量%、更优选地小于100ppm重量分、更优选地小于50ppm重量分、更优选地小于10ppm重量分、更优选地小于1ppm重量分的水。
根据本公开的另一个优选实施例,聚氨酯组合物不包括与聚氨酯主链共价连接的改性基团,如异氰脲酸酯基团、噁唑烷酮基团、草酰胺基团或硼酸酯基团。根据本公开的另一个优选实施例,聚氨酯组合物不包括特殊且昂贵的异氰酸酯,如1,5-萘二异氰酸酯。根据本申请的各个方面,在不需要在聚氨酯主链中掺入任何特殊且昂贵的改性官能团的情况下,已经成功地实现了对性能特性的改进。
实例
现在将在以下实例中描述本发明的一些实施例。然而,本公开的范围当然不限于这些实例中所述的调配物。相反,实例仅仅是本公开的说明。
下表1中列出了实例中使用的原材料的信息:
表1:实例中所用的原材料
表征技术
使用粘度分析仪(CAP,Brookfield)在不同温度下确定不同多元醇和预聚物的粘度。分别根据ASTMD4662、ASTMD4274和ASTM D5155确定酸值、羟值和NCO值。根据测试方法DIN 53543在Gotech AI-7000S1万能试验机(Gotech AI-7000S1 universal testingmachine)上确定拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度。在应变控制模式下以1Hz的频率在TARSA G2分析仪(TA RSA G2 analyzer)上进行动态力学分析(DMA)。在空气气氛中在0℃到600℃的温度范围内在TA-Q500分析仪(TA-Q500 analyzer)上进行热重量分析(TGA)。在N2气氛下以10℃/分钟的冷却速率和20℃/分钟的加热速度在TA Q1500分析仪上进行差示扫描量热计(DSC)。
制备实例1-2:酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的合成
通过使用表2中所列出的配方,根据以下通用程序,通过使用聚醚多元醇作为大分子引发剂进行的ε-己内酯的开环反应合成根据本公开的两种酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇:将聚醚多元醇(Voranol 1000LM或Voranol WD2104,50wt%)、内酯(ε-己内酯,50wt%)和酯化催化剂(钛酸正丁酯TBT,基于酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇总重量的25ppm)在室温下在氮气气氛下进料到配备有真空泵和油浴的低价反应器中。将体系在120℃下在搅拌下保持17小时,然后在150mbar下施加真空,并且在135℃下进一步加热3小时。将产品冷却到80℃,过滤,包装,并采样以确定酸值、羟值和粘度。在这两个制备实例1-2中制备的产品分别被称为PCPC2000-1和PCPC2000-2。所有表征结果也汇总于表2中。
表2:酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的合成的配方和表征
在本发明中使用聚酯多元醇聚己二酸丁二醇酯(Mn=2000,PEBA2000)和PTMEG2000作为对照,并且这两种对照的表征结果也在表2中列出。可以出乎意料地看到,与两个对照相比,PCPC2000-1和PCPC2000-2表现出显著更低的粘度。
制备实例3-6:聚氨酯-预聚物的合成
通过将在上述实例中制备的多元醇以及具有MDI的PTMEG2000根据以下通用程序与表3中所示出的配方反应来制备四种不同的预聚物。首先,将MDI(ISONATE 125MH)和抑制剂(苯甲酰氯)装载到配备真空泵和油浴的罐式反应器中,并且然后在搅拌下保持处于60℃的温度。在填装到反应器中之前,将多元醇在60℃下预加热12小时。在所述多元醇的进料期间,将反应器保持处于低于75℃的温度。然后,将混合物加热到80℃并在搅拌下反应150分钟。然后,将体系冷却到50℃,向其中添加Isonate 143LP和Isonate PR 7020,并将反应器中的内容物搅拌另外20分钟。随后,在对NCO含量进行定量并在真空下脱气30分钟后获得最终的预聚物产品。所产生的预聚物的NCO含量为约19wt%。表征结果汇总于表3中。在预聚物中掺入两种碳二亚胺改性的MDI Isonate 143LP和Isonate PR7020,以提高所述预聚物在低温下的储存稳定性。
表3:预聚物的配方和表征。
如表3中所示出的,与基于聚酯多元醇和PTMEG2000的预聚物-1和预聚物-2相比,基于本公开的共聚物多元醇的预聚物-3和预聚物-4示出了最低的25℃下的粘度。
实例1-6:微孔聚氨酯泡沫的制备
根据表4中所示出的配方通过将多元醇、扩链剂、催化剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂和其它添加剂混合在一起来预先制备多元醇组分。将在上述制备实例中合成的聚氨酯-预聚物在50℃下与多元醇组分混合,并使用低压机(Green)将混合物在50℃下注射到金属模具中。在混合后立即发生多元醇组分与预聚物之间的反应,并将模制样品在50℃下固化5分钟后脱模。在测试前,将固化后的聚氨酯泡沫样品在室温下储存至少24小时。
如从表4中所示出的配方可以看出,实例1和实例2是不包括根据本公开的酯/醚共聚物多元醇的比较实例。具体地,实例1和实例2的多元醇组分是多种聚醚多元醇的共混物,并且实例1和实例2的聚氨酯-预聚物组分是分别通过使用聚酯多元醇PEBA2000和聚醚多元醇PTMEG2000制备的预聚物-1和预聚物-2。
在本发明实例3到6中采用了三种策略。实例3和4展示了本公开的具体实施例,其中聚氨酯-预聚物(预聚物-3和预聚物-4)是通过使用酯/醚嵌段多元醇、纯的MDI、改性的MDI、副反应抑制剂和包括聚醚多元醇、扩链剂、发泡剂、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂和其它添加剂的多元醇组分制备的;即,实例3和4仅包括聚氨酯-预聚物组分中的酯/醚嵌段多元醇。实例5展示了本公开的另一个具体实施例,其中聚氨酯-预聚物(预聚物-1)是通过使用聚酯多元醇、纯的MDI、改性的MDI、副反应抑制剂和包括酯/醚嵌段多元醇、扩链剂、发泡剂、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂和其它添加剂的多元醇组分制备的;即,实例5仅包括多元醇组分中的酯/醚嵌段多元醇。实例6展示了本公开的具体实施例,其中聚氨酯-预聚物(预聚物-3)是通过使用酯/醚嵌段多元醇、纯的MDI、改性的MDI、副反应抑制剂和包括酯/醚嵌段多元醇、扩链剂、发泡剂、催化剂、稳泡剂和其它添加剂的多元醇组分制备的;即,实例6包括聚氨酯-预聚物组分和多元醇组分两者中的酯/醚嵌段多元醇。
将在实例1到6中制备的聚氨酯泡沫形成密度为约600kg/m3的样品板,并且表征结果汇总于下表4中。
表4:实例1到6的调配物和表征
注释:a.热稳定性是通过使用TGA和DSC测量的;和
b.内热积聚由DMA表征。
关于撕裂强度,从表4可以看出,与仅采用传统的聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的比较实例1的撕裂强度值相比,在实例3-6中制备的在聚氨酯主链中包括根据本公开的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的样品表现出显著更高的撕裂强度值。此外,与实例1-2的热稳定性相比,实例3-6表现出更高的如用TGA和DSC表征的热稳定性,这指示热稳定性的改进可以归因于更多含量的硬结构域分散到软相中。硬结构域起到了“增强点”的作用,使得撕裂强度得以极大提高。实例1和2表现出类似的相分离特性,如由类似的热特性所指示的,这可能归因于实例1中的聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇之间的不相容性。通过使用聚醚多元醇制备的实例2在高温下示出最差的热稳定性。换句话说,与比较实例2的热稳定性相比,在本发明实例3-6中制备的样品可以实现改进的热稳定性。
通常,与实例1相比,在聚氨酯主链中包括根据本公开的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的本发明实例3-6示出显著更低的内热积聚。此外,实例3与实例4之间的比较示出,实例3表现更低的内热积聚,这可以归因于实例3中较好的相分离,如由显著更高的热稳定性所指示的。
聚氨酯轮胎的制备和表征。
通过使用在上述实例1到6中获得的样品在客户现场制造了直径为24英寸且模制密度为350kg/m3的聚氨酯实心轮胎,并通过滚动测试对所述聚氨酯实心轮胎进行表征以对所述聚氨酯实心轮胎的综合性能进行评价。滚动测试以30公里/小时的线速度、65kg的负载和两个10mm高的障碍物进行并在室温下持续1小时。测试条件和表征结果汇总于表5中。
表5:用实例1-6的材料制备的土制轮胎的滚动测试结果。
通过使用实例1和实例2的聚氨酯泡沫制备的轮胎样品在滚动测试后示出熔融芯。实例1的芯熔融可能归因于高内热积聚倾向,如高滞后值所指示的。实例2的芯熔融可能归因于高温下较差的热稳定性,如TGA结果所指示的。通过使用本发明实例3-6的聚氨酯泡沫制备的轮胎样品由于撕裂强度、内热积聚与高温下热稳定性之间的性能平衡良好而通过了滚动测试。
结论
鉴于上述内容,酯/醚无规共聚物多元醇赋予聚氨酯体系优异的加工和储存稳定性并且赋予最终聚氨酯材料高撕裂强度、高耐磨性、低内热积聚与高热稳定性之间的出色的性能平衡,从而有利于微孔部件的生产并且可用于许多相关应用,如实心轮胎。
Claims (11)
1.一种聚氨酯组合物,其包括:
(A)一种或多种聚氨酯-预聚物,所述一种或多种聚氨酯-预聚物是通过使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应来制备的;以及
(B)第二多元醇组分;
其中所述第一多元醇组分和所述第二多元醇组分中的至少一种包括酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇,所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇是通过使起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4-C20内酯反应而合成的,所述C4-C20内酯任选地被选自由以下组成的组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C12烷基、C2-C12烯基、含氮基团、含磷基团、含硫基团和卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述聚异氰酸酯化合物选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其任何组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述起始材料聚醚多元醇是聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇、多个(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇的共聚物或由所述聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或其共聚物组成的具有核相和壳相的聚合物多元醇,其中所述起始材料聚醚多元醇的分子量为100到5,000并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述起始材料聚醚多元醇选自由以下组成的组:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亚甲基二醇、聚(2-甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇)和其任何共聚物,并且其中所述起始材料聚醚多元醇的分子量为200到3,000并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述C4-C20内酯选自由以下组成的组:β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-己内酯、γ-辛内酯、γ-癸内酯、γ-十二内酯和其任何组合,上述内酯任选地被选自由以下组成的组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C12烷基、C2-C12烯基、含氮基团、含磷基团、含硫基团和卤素。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的分子量为至少800g/mol并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0,并且所述起始材料聚醚多元醇与所述C4-C20内酯之间的重量比为0.05/0.95到0.95/0.05。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其中所述第一多元醇组分和所述第二多元醇组分中的至少一种包括除所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇之外的选自由以下组成的组的多元醇:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为100到5,000并且平均羟基官能度为1.5到5.0的聚酯多元醇、具有基于多元醇的核相和壳相的聚合物多元醇、补充第二聚醚多元醇和其组合,所述补充第二聚醚多元醇是聚(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇或多个(C2-C10)亚烷基二醇的共聚物;其中所述补充聚醚多元醇与所述起始材料聚醚多元醇相同或不同。
8.一种用根据权利要求1到7中任一项所述的聚氨酯组合物制备的微孔聚氨酯泡沫,其中衍生自所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元共价连接在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中,并且所述微孔聚氨酯泡沫的密度为100-900kg/m3。
9.一种用根据权利要求8所述的微孔聚氨酯泡沫制备的模制产品,其中所述模制产品选自由以下组成的组:轮胎、鞋类、鞋底、家具、枕头、坐垫、玩具和衬里。
10.一种用于制备根据权利要求8所述的微孔聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)使至少一种聚异氰酸酯化合物与第一多元醇组分反应以形成所述聚氨酯-预聚物;以及
ii)使所述聚氨酯-预聚物与所述第二多元醇组分反应以形成所述微孔聚氨酯泡沫;
其中衍生自所述酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元共价连接在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中。
11.一种用于改进微孔聚氨酯泡沫的性能特性的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将衍生自通过使起始材料聚醚多元醇与C4-C20内酯反应而合成的酯/醚嵌段共聚物多元醇的重复单元共价连接在所述聚氨酯微孔聚氨酯泡沫的聚氨酯主链中,其中所述性能特性包含以下中的至少一个:内热积聚、热稳定性、撕裂强度、粘度、耐磨性和耐水解性。
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WO2021012140A1 (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-28 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyurethane compositions, products prepared with same and preparation methods thereof |
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2019
- 2019-07-22 WO PCT/CN2019/097014 patent/WO2021012140A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-07-22 US US17/596,331 patent/US20220251281A1/en active Pending
- 2019-07-22 JP JP2022504188A patent/JP7464693B2/ja active Active
- 2019-07-22 CN CN201980098586.0A patent/CN114127147B/zh active Active
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2020
- 2020-07-14 JP JP2022502453A patent/JP2022541894A/ja active Pending
- 2020-07-14 WO PCT/CN2020/101771 patent/WO2021012985A1/en unknown
- 2020-07-14 KR KR1020227005353A patent/KR20220040465A/ko unknown
- 2020-07-14 CN CN202080051670.XA patent/CN114207032A/zh active Pending
- 2020-07-14 EP EP20844802.7A patent/EP4004114A4/en active Pending
- 2020-07-14 US US17/596,322 patent/US20220306858A1/en active Pending
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2021012140A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
EP4004114A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
US20220306858A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
JP2022548196A (ja) | 2022-11-17 |
WO2021012985A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
EP4004114A4 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
US20220251281A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
JP2022541894A (ja) | 2022-09-28 |
CN114127147B (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
CN114207032A (zh) | 2022-03-18 |
JP7464693B2 (ja) | 2024-04-09 |
KR20220040465A (ko) | 2022-03-30 |
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