CN106632677B - 对hla-a2呈递的wt1肽特异的t细胞受体样抗体 - Google Patents
对hla-a2呈递的wt1肽特异的t细胞受体样抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供与维尔姆斯瘤蛋白(WT1)特异性结合的抗原结合蛋白,包括针对WT1的人源化抗体、嵌合抗体和完全的人抗体、其抗体片段、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)、融合蛋白和缀合物。抗原结合蛋白和抗体与HLA‑A0201限制型WT1肽结合。此类抗体、其片段、融合蛋白和缀合物对于治疗WT1相关癌症是有用的,所述WT1相关癌症包括例如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、慢性髓细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、急性淋巴母细胞白血病(ALL)、急性髓样/骨髓性白血病(AML)和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)。在更具体的实施方案中,抗WT1/A抗体可以包含设计的用来改善蛋白质稳定性、抗体结合和/或表达水平的一个或多个构架区氨基酸置换。
Description
本申请是中国专利申请201280026656.X的分案申请,原申请的申请日是2012年4月2日,发明名称是“对HLA-A2呈递的WT1肽特异的T细胞受体样抗体”。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求来自2011年4月1日提交的美国临时申请号61/470,635和2011年5月31日提交的美国临时申请号61/491,392的优先权。这些临时申请在此通过引用的方式完整并入本公开中作为参考。
联邦资助研究的权利声明
本发明借助美国政府支持在美国国家健康研究所资助的基金P01CA23766和R01CA55349下做出。美国政府享有本发明中的某些权利。
序列表
本申请含有2012年3月29日创建的序列表;将处于ASCII格式的该文件命名为3314013AWO_Sequence Listing_ST25.txt。该文件在此通过引用方式完整地并入本申请中作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及针对胞质蛋白的抗体。更具体地,本发明涉及针对维尔姆斯瘤癌基因蛋白(WT1)的抗体,特别地是识别与主要组织相容性抗原结合的WT1肽的抗体。
发明背景
维尔姆斯瘤癌基因蛋白(WT1)是针对大多数白血病和广泛类型癌症的吸引人的免疫治疗靶。WT1是胚发生期间正常情况下在中胚层组织中表达的锌指转录因子。在正常成年组织中,WT1表达限于CD34+造血干细胞中的低水平,但是在多个谱系的白血病和广泛类型的实体瘤中过量表达(1-2)。最近,已经报道WT1表达成为最小残留疾病的标志物。处于形态学缓解的急性髓样白血病(AML)患者中增加的转录物水平已经预示明显的临床复发(3,4)。另外,在患有造血系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤的患者中检测到针对WT1的抗体,这表明WT1是一种高度免疫原性抗原(7)。
就绝大部分而言,临床批准的治疗性单克隆抗体(mAb)识别细胞表面蛋白的结构。然而,WT1是一种核蛋白并且因此是经典抗体疗法不可接近的。直至现在,靶向WT1的免疫疗法限于细胞方法,排他地旨在产生识别由MHC I类分子在细胞表面上呈递的肽的WT1特异性细胞毒CD8T细胞(CTL)反应。
为了诱导CTL反应,胞内蛋白通常由蛋白酶体或内体/溶酶体降解,并且所产生的肽片段与MHC I或II类分子结合。这些肽-MHC复合体展示在细胞表面,在细胞表面它们通过肽-MHC(pMHC)-T细胞受体(TCR)相互作用为T细胞识别提供靶(8,9)。用源自WT1蛋白的肽接种诱导HLA限制型细胞毒CD8T细胞,后者能够杀伤肿瘤细胞。
为了改善功效,可以采用单克隆抗体疗法靶向癌抗原。单克隆抗体(mAb)疗法已经显示通过多种机制产生强有力的抗肿瘤作用,所述机制包括补体依赖的细胞毒性(CDC)、抗体依赖的细胞毒性(ADCC)和直接细胞抑制或凋亡诱导针对过量表达靶分子的肿瘤细胞的作用。另外,mAb可以用作向肿瘤细胞特异性递送细胞毒部分如放射性核素、细胞毒药物或毒素的载体(18)。
如果除细胞免疫疗法方案之外,还能获得体液免疫疗法方案来靶向非细胞表面肿瘤抗原,将存在巨大的益处。因此,模拟T细胞受体的单克隆抗体(mAb)将单独是一种新颖和有效的治疗药或作为能够递送强力抗癌剂如药物、毒素和放射性元素的运载体,原因在于所述单克隆抗体是对包含与MHC分子结合的胞内蛋白片段的靶(例如,WT1肽/HLA-A2复合体)特异的。这类种mAb也将可用作诊断工具或预测工具。
发明概述
本公开鉴定并表征了能够靶向胞质/胞内蛋白(例如,WT1癌蛋白)的抗原结合蛋白,如抗体。所公开的抗体靶向肽/MHC复合体,因为在WT1蛋白由细胞进行抗原加工和呈递后,它一般将出现在细胞的表面上。在这个方面,抗体模拟T细胞受体,原因在于该抗体具有特异性识别并结合于MHC限制形式的肽(即,该肽与MHC抗原结合时)的能力。肽/MHC复合体重现抗原,因为在WT1蛋白受到抗原加工和呈递给细胞后,它一般将出现在细胞的表面上。
所公开的抗体特异性识别并结合至肽/HLA-A2复合体、尤其WT1/HLA-A0201复合体的表位。由本发明的抗原结合蛋白作为HLA-肽复合体的部分所识别的肽的例子包括但不限于表7中显示的那些,例如,具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽。
因此,在一个方面,当具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL的肽与MHC抗原如HLA-A2结合时,本发明涉及与所述肽结合的分离抗体或其抗原结合片段。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及分离的抗原结合蛋白、抗体、或其抗原结合片段,包含:(A)(i)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:2、3和4的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:8、9和10的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3;(ii)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:20、21和22的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:26、27和28的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3;(iii)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:38、39和40的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:44、45和46的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3;(iv)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:56、57和58的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:62、63和64的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3;(v)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ IDNOS:74、75和76的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:80、81和82的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3;或(vi)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:92、93和94的HC-CDR1、HC-CDR2和HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含分别含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NOS:98、99和100的LC-CDR1、LC-CDR2和LC-CDR3。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及分离的抗原结合蛋白、抗体、或其抗原结合片段,其包含分别含有选自SEQ ID NOS:14和16;32和34;50和52;68和70;86和88;以及104和106的第一和第二氨基酸序列的VH和VL。
在又一个方面,本发明涉及分离的抗原结合蛋白、抗体、或其抗原结合片段,其包含选自SEQ ID NOS:18、36、54、72、90和108的氨基酸序列。
在一个相关方面,分离的抗原结合蛋白包含如表1-8的任一个中公开的抗原结合区域。抗原结合蛋白可以是融合蛋白。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及包含第一组分的免疫缀合物,所述第一组分是如本文中公开的抗原结合蛋白、抗体或其抗原结合片段。免疫缀合物包含第二组分,所述第二组分是细胞毒素、可检测标记物、放射性同位素、治疗药、结合蛋白或具有第二氨基酸序列的分子。在第二组分是结合蛋白或第二抗体的情况下,结合蛋白或第二抗体对靶具有结合特异性,其中所述靶是与第一组分特异的HLA-肽复合体不同的靶。
因此,在一个相关方面,本发明涉及包含如本文所述的抗原结合蛋白或其功能性片段的双特异性抗体。
在又一个方面,本发明涉及核酸,所述核酸编码抗原结合蛋白,包括对WT1肽/HLA复合体、尤其WT1肽RMFPNAPYL/HLA-A0201复合体特异的抗体和嵌合抗原受体。
在另一个相关方面,本发明涉及包含本文中公开的核酸或抗原结合蛋白的细胞,包括重组免疫效应细胞,如,经遗传修饰以表达包含本公开的抗原结合区的嵌合抗原受体的T细胞。本发明也包括已经被工程化以产生本公开的抗体的细胞。
在一个相关方面,本发明涉及载体,所述载体包含编码本文中公开的抗原结合蛋白的核酸,包括利于抗原结合蛋白(如本公开的抗体或嵌合抗原受体)表达和/或分泌的载体。
在一个相关方面,本发明涉及药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含本文中公开的抗原结合蛋白、抗体、核酸、包含所述核酸或抗原结合蛋白的载体或细胞,以及可药用载体。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种使用本发明的WT1抗体检测细胞或组织的表面上WT1的方法。
在又一个方面,本发明涉及用于治疗患有WT1阳性疾病的受试者的方法,包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中公开的抗原结合蛋白、抗体或其抗原结合片段、编码所述抗原结合蛋白或抗体的核酸或包含所述核酸或蛋白质的细胞。WT1阳性疾病是慢性白血病、急性白血病或选自慢性髓细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性淋巴母细胞白血病(ALL)、急性髓样/骨髓性白血病(AML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、间皮瘤、卵巢癌、胃肠道癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和成胶质细胞瘤的WT1+癌症。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合蛋白或抗体是具有与抗原结合蛋白或抗体连接的细胞毒部分的缀合物。
附图简述
图1显示维尔姆斯瘤蛋白的氨基酸序列(GenBank登录号P19544),其中一些HLA限制型肽以粗体表示。121-140肽进一步包括9聚物(加下划线),为RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1),所述9聚物和其类似物也已经显示诱导WT1特异性细胞毒T细胞活性。
图2是显示WT1肽接种诱导针对WT1+白血病细胞的细胞毒T细胞的图。
图3显示WT1/A2(WA)相对于PBS对照或R3/HLAA0201(R3)而言特异性结合的噬菌体ELISA的结果。
图4显示仅选择与WT1A肽脉冲的T2细胞结合的WT1噬菌体抗体的特异性结合。
图5显示WT1抗体的全长IgG1针对RMF/A0201复合体的结合亲和力,所述结合亲和力通过滴定处于各种浓度的抗体进行测试。显示了用50μg/ml RMF脉冲的T2细胞的结果(上部小图)。下部小图中显示对照抗体。
图6显示对T2细胞上由WT1抗体识别的RMF/HLA-A0201复合体的密度的依赖性,其中所述T2细胞用RMF(上部小图)或对照RHAMM-R3(下部小图)脉冲。
图7显示表达人抗体的表达载体。
图8显示在还原和非还原条件下SDS-PAGE分析WT1/A2抗体的结果。
图9显示了对WT1/A2展示抗体亲和力的WT1/A2抗体的动力学结合分析的结果。
图10显示与WT1/A2复合体结合的抗体的亲和力(KD)。
图11显示借助流式细胞术时,对一些实施方案:mAb克隆5(上部小图)、克隆15(中部小图)和对照(下部小图)与活T2细胞结合的肽滴定的平均荧光强度(MFI),所述的活T2细胞用不同浓度的肽:WT1-A、WT1-A1或对照脉冲。
图12显示对WT1抗体、mAb 5(上部小图)、mAb 15(下部小图)与活T2细胞结合的肽滴定的结果,所述的活T2细胞用不同浓度的WT1A肽脉冲。
图13显示一个实施方案mAb 5在不同浓度(50μg/ml上部小图;25μg/ml中部小图;和12.5μg/ml下部小图)的肽(R3、WT1-A1、WT1-A或无肽)时的结合特异性。
图14显示一个实施方案mAb 15在不同浓度(50μg/ml上部小图;25μg/ml下部小图)的肽(R3、WT1-A1、WT1-A或无肽)时的结合特异性。
图15显示mAb 5(上部小图)和15(下部小图)与WT1-A,WT1-A1或RHAMM-R3肽脉冲的T2细胞的剂量依赖性结合。
图16显示mA 5和15与骨髓瘤细胞系U266的结合。
图17显示mAb 15与源自患有(Ph1)阳性急性白血病的个体的细胞系BV173的结合。
图18显示WT1肽脉冲的T2细胞的表面上ESK1(#13)与WT1/A2复合体的特异性结合。
图19和图20显示,WT1抗体能够识别其中用丙氨酸置换RMF肽的不同位置的RMF肽(也见表10)并且随丙氨酸(WT1-A1-B)或酪氨酸(WT1-A1)置换位置1所见到的结合作用丧失不归因于针对HLA-A2分子的肽结合亲和力降低,因为在使用HLA-A2分子特异的mAb,即克隆BB7的T2稳定测定法中,两种肽均显示最强烈结合。
图21显示WT1抗体识别在人间皮瘤细胞系JMN(WT1+/A0201+)的表面上天然呈递的RMF/HLA-A0201复合体,但不识别MSTO(WT1+/HLA-A0201-)呈递的复合体。
图22显示WT1抗体与人CML衍生的细胞系BV173结合。
图23是基于WT1抗体与JMN细胞结合的斯卡查德分析并且显示约0.2nM的亲合力常数。
图24显示WT1抗体与一组间皮瘤细胞和白血病细胞结合。
图25显示对来自HLA-A2阳性患者的CD33和CD34双阳性AML母细胞设门的流式细胞分析结果。ESK1与白血病母细胞结合。
图26显示对来自HLA-A2阴性患者的CD33和CD34双阳性AML母细胞设门的流式细胞分析结果。WT1 mAb ESK1不与母细胞结合。
图27显示WT1 mAb ESK1介导的针对RMF肽脉冲的T2细胞的ADCC。
图28显示WT1抗体借助人效应子在JMN和白血病细胞系BV173(下部小图)中但是不在MSTO细胞中介导ADCC的能力。
图29显示WT1 mAb有效对抗人白血病细胞系BV173,但是未有效对抗不是HLA-A2+的HL60细胞。
图30显示WT1抗体诱导针对来自HLA-A2阳性患者的原代AML母细胞的ADCC。
图31显示使用本发明的抗体治疗NSG小鼠中人BV173的结果。
图32显示在较晚时间点,仅用WT1抗体治疗的小鼠开始复发,而使用抗体加效应子治愈5只小鼠中的2只。
图33显示WT1抗体以剂量依赖性方式显著地降低肿瘤负荷。
图34显示在Fc(MAGE)中具有糖改变的抗体比原始抗体在ADCC方面更有效。
本发明的详细描述
本文所援引的全部出版物、专利和其他参考文献均通过引用的方式完整地并入本公开。
在实施本发明中,使用分子生物学、微生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学和免疫学中的许多常规技术,它们处于本领域技术人员的能力范围内。这些技术更详细地在例如Molecular Cloning:a Laboratory Manual第3版,J.F.Sambrook和D.W.Russell编著.ColdSpring Harbor Laboratory Press 2001;Recombinant Antibodies for Immunotherapy,Melvyn Little编著,Cambridge University Press2009;"Oligonucleotide Synthesis"(M.J.Gait编著,1984);"Animal Cell Culture"(R.I.Freshney编著,1987);"Methods inEnzymology"(Academic Press,Inc.);"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology"(F.M.Ausubel等人编著,1987及定期更新);"PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction",(Mullis等人编著,1994);"A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning"(Perbal BernardV.,1988);"Phage Display:A Laboratory Manual"(Barbas编著,2001)中描述。这些参考文献的内容和含有本领域技术人员广泛已知并遵循的标准方案的其他参考资料,包括制造商的说明书,因而通过引用方式作为本公开的部分并入作为参考。在本申请通篇范围内使用以下缩写:
Ab:抗体
ADCC:抗体依赖的细胞毒性
ALL:急性淋巴细胞白血病
AML:急性髓样白血病
APC:抗原呈递细胞
β2M:β2微球蛋白
BiTE:双特异性T细胞结合抗体
CAR:嵌合抗原受体
CDC:补体依赖的细胞毒性
CMC:补体介导的细胞毒性
CDR:互补决定区(也见下文HVR)
CL:轻链的恒定域
CH1:重链的第一恒定域
CH1、2、3:重链的第一、第二和第三恒定域
CH2、3:重链的第二和第三恒定域
CHO:中国仓鼠卵巢细胞
CTL:细胞毒T细胞
E:T比率:效应子:靶比率
Fab:抗体结合片段
FACS:流式辅助细胞术的细胞分选
FBS:胎牛血清
FR:构架区
HC:重链
HLA:人白细胞抗原
HVR-H:高变区-重链(也见CDR)
HVR-L:高变区-轻链(也见CDR)
Ig:免疫球蛋白
IRES:内部核糖体进入位点
KD:解离常数
koff:解离速率
kon:结合速率
MHC:主要组织相容性复合体
MM:多发性骨髓瘤
scFv:单链可变片段
TCR:T细胞受体
VH:可变重链包括重链高变区和重链可变构架区域
VL:可变轻链包括轻链高变区和轻链可变构架区域
WT1:维尔姆斯瘤蛋白1
在随后的描述中,将就术语使用方面遵循某些惯例。总体上,本文所用的术语意在按照与本领域技术人员已知的那些术语的含义相一致的方式解释。
“抗原结合蛋白”是包含抗原结合区域或抗原结合部分的蛋白质或多肽,即其对与之结合的另一个分子具有强亲和力。抗原结合蛋白包括抗体、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)和融合蛋白。
“抗体”作为本领域已知的那些术语,指免疫系统的抗原结合蛋白。如本文提到的术语“抗体”包括具有抗原结合区域的完整的全长抗体及其中“抗原结合部分”或“抗原结合区域”保留的其任何片段、或其单链例如单链可变片段(scFv)。天然存在的“抗体”是包含由二硫键相互连接的至少两条重链(H)和两条轻链(L)的糖蛋白。每条重链包含重链可变区(本文中缩写为VH)和重链恒定区(CH)。重链恒定区包含3个结构域CH1、CH2和CH3。每条轻链包含轻链可变区(本文中缩写为VL)和轻链恒定区CL。轻链恒定区包含一个结构域CL。VH和VL区可以进一步再划分为超变区,命名为互补决定区(CDR),其间插入较保守的区域,名为构架区(FR)。每个VH和VL由从氨基端至羧基端按以下顺序:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4排列的3个CDR和4个FR的组成。重链的可变区和轻链的可变区含有与抗原相互作用的结合结构域。抗体的恒定区可以介导免疫球蛋白与宿主组织或因子(包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如,效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一组分(C1q))结合。
如本文所用,术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”或“抗原结合区域”指抗体中与抗原结合并且向抗体赋予抗原特异性的区域或部分;抗原结合蛋白(例如,抗体)的片段包括保留与抗原(例如,肽/HLA复合体)特异性结合的能力的一个或多个抗体片段。已经显示抗体的抗原结合功能可以由全长抗体的片段执行。在术语抗体的“抗体片段”中所涵盖的抗原结合片段的例子包括Fab片段,一种由VL、VH、CL和CH1结构域组成的单价片段;F(ab)2片段,一种包含由二硫键在铰链区连接的两个Fab片段的双价片段;由VH和CH1结构域组成的Fd片段;由抗体单臂的VL和VH结构域组成的Fv片段;由VH结构域组成的dAb片段(Ward等人,1989Nature341:544-546);和分离的互补决定区(CDR)。
另外,虽然Fv片段的两个结构域VL和VH由独立的基因编码,但是使用重组方法,可以将它们通过能够使这两个结构域作为单条蛋白链产生的合成性接头连接,在所述单条蛋白链中VL区和VH区配对以形成单价分子。这些单价分子称作单链Fv(scFv);见例如,Bird等人,1988Science 242:423-426;和Huston等人,1988Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.85:5879-5883。使用本领域技术人员已知的常规技术,获得这些抗体片段,并且按照与完整抗体相同的方式筛选所述片段来应用。
“分离的抗体”或“分离的抗原结合蛋白”是已经鉴定过并且从其天然环境的组分中分离和/或回收的。“合成抗体”或“重组抗体”通常使用重组技术或使用本领域技术人员已知的肽合成技术产生。
常规地,MHC-肽复合体仅可由T细胞受体(TCR)识别,这限制了我们使用基于T细胞的读出测定法检测目的表位的能力。在本公开中,描述了具有基于scFv的抗原结合区域的抗原结合蛋白,包括抗体,其中使用重组HLA-肽复合体,从人scFv噬菌体展示文库选择scFv。这些分子展示精细的特异性,例如,如采用仅识别HLA-A2-RMFPNAPYL复合体的抗WT1抗体所显示。此外,连同它们不能与含有其他肽的HLA-复合体结合,所述分子还不能与肽本身结合,这进一步展示它们的TCR样特异性。
最初测试了通过噬菌体展示所选择的本公开scFv与HLA阳性细胞表面上呈递的肽结合的能力。在肽存在下温育T2细胞后,使用流式细胞术,荧光标记的抗体可以用来选择性地识别抗原脉冲的细胞。
在一些实施方案中,本发明包括具有scFv序列的抗体,所述scFv序列与一个或多个重链恒定域融合以形成具有人免疫球蛋白Fc区的抗体以产生双价蛋白,从而增加抗体的总体亲合力和稳定性。此外,Fc部分允许将其他分子(包括但不限于荧光染料、细胞毒素、放射性同位素等)与例如用于抗原定量研究中的抗体直接缀合,以便固定抗体用于亲和力测量、用于定向递送治疗药、使用免疫效应细胞测试Fc介导的细胞毒性和许多其他应用。
本文提供的结果突出本发明抗体在靶向MHC-肽复合体时的特异性、灵敏性和效用。
本发明的分子基于使用噬菌体展示鉴定和选择单链可变片段(scFv),所述单链可变片段的氨基酸序列赋予分子针对目的MHC限制型肽的特异性并且形成本公开的全部抗原结合蛋白的基础。因此,所述scFv可以用来设计一系列不同“抗体”分子,包括例如全长抗体、其片段如Fab和F(ab')2、微型抗体、融合蛋白(包括scFv-Fc融合物)、多价抗体,即,具有针对相同抗原或不同抗原的多于一种特异性的抗体,例如,双特异性T细胞接合抗体(BiTe)、三体抗体等(见Cuesta等人,Multivalent antibodies:when design surpassesevolution,Trends in Biotechnology 28:355-362 2010)。
在抗原结合蛋白是全长抗体的一个实施方案中,本发明抗体的重链和轻链可以是全长(例如,抗体可以包括至少一条并优选地两条完整重链,和至少一条并优选地两条完整轻链)或可以包括抗原结合部分(Fab、F(ab')2、Fv或单链Fv片段(“scFv”))。在其他实施方案中,抗体重链恒定区选自例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgM、IgA1、IgA2、IgD和IgE。在一些实施方案中,免疫球蛋白同种型选自IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4,更具体地选自IgG1(例如,人IgG1)。抗体类型的选择将取决于所设计的抗体欲引发的免疫效应子功能。
在构建重组免疫球蛋白时,各种免疫球蛋白同种型的恒定区的适宜氨基酸序列和用于产生广泛种类抗体的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
在一个实施方案中,抗体或其他抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1/HLA-A2scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:18并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在一些实施方案中,抗WT1抗体是具有选自表1的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表1
在另一个实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1 scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:36并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在其他实施方案中,抗WT-1抗体是具有选自表2的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表2
在另一个实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1 scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:54并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在其他实施方案中,抗WT-1抗体是具有选自表3的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表3
在另一个实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1 scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:72并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在其他实施方案中,抗WT-1抗体是具有选自表4的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表4
在另一个实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1 scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:90并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在其他实施方案中,抗WT-1抗体是具有选自表5的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表5
在另一个实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合蛋白是抗WT1 scFv或其具有抗原结合区的抗原结合片段,其包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:108并且与缀合有HLA-A0201的具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽特异性结合。在其他实施方案中,抗WT-1抗体是具有选自表6的VH和VL区或CDR的scFv-Fc融合蛋白或全长人IgG。
表6
公开的抗体和抗原结合蛋白的其他实施方案包括包含轻链和重链的高变区和恒定区(例如表7(重链)、8(轻链)和9(恒定区)中所显示的那些抗体和抗原结合蛋白。
表7
表8
表9
本发明涉及特异性识别衍生自胞内蛋白的肽/蛋白质片段和MHC I类分子的复合体的表位的重组抗原结合蛋白、抗体和其抗原结合片段,例如,当所述复合体可能在抗原呈递期间展示在细胞表面处。本发明抗体的重链和轻链可以是全长(例如,抗体可以包括至少一条并优选地两条完整重链,和至少一条并优选地两条完整轻链)或可以包括抗原结合部分(Fab、F(ab')2、Fv或单链Fv片段(“scFv”))。在其他实施方案中,抗体重链恒定区选自例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgM、IgA1、IgA2、IgD和IgE,特别地选自例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4,更特别地IgG1(例如,人IgG1)。在另一个实施方案中,抗体轻链恒定区选自例如κ或λ,尤其κ。
本发明的抗体和抗原结合蛋白意在包括双特异性抗体,包括双特异性T细胞接合抗体,即,在单条多肽链上包含能够结合两种独立抗原的两个抗体可变域的抗体。在双特异性抗体的第一部分例如结合肿瘤细胞上的抗原并且双特异性抗体的第二部分识别人免疫效应细胞表面上的抗原的情况下,该抗体能够通过与人免疫效应细胞上的效应抗原特异性结合而召集这种效应细胞的活性。因此,在一些情况下,双特异性抗体能够在效应细胞例如T细胞和肿瘤细胞之间形成连接,由此增强效应子功能。
在一个实施方案中,改变恒定区/构架区,例如通过氨基酸置换,以修饰抗体的特性(例如,以增加或减少以下的一项或多项:抗原结合亲和力、Fc受体结合作用、抗体糖类,例如糖基化,岩藻糖基化等、半胱氨酸残基数目、效应细胞功能、效应细胞功能、补体功能或引入缀合位点)。另外,也构思抗体与药物、毒素、放射性同位素、细胞因子、炎性肽或细胞毒性剂缀合。
在一个实施方案中,抗体是抗WT1/A2抗体并且包含表9中显示的人IgG1恒定区和Fc结构域。在一个实施方案中,抗WT1/A2抗体包含具有表9中所述序列的人κ序列或人λ序列。表1-8中显示本发明抗体的一些互补决定区(CDR)的氨基酸序列。
本发明基于鉴定到了抗原特异性结合序列,由其可以产生多种抗原结合蛋白。除对抗原特异的抗体之外,所述抗原代表与蛋白质的抗原加工和呈递至T细胞后一般由T细胞受体识别的复合体相似的蛋白质片段(肽)/HLA复合体,为制备抗体而鉴定如本文中公开的氨基酸和核酸序列也可以用来产生其他抗原结合分子,包括对蛋白质片段(肽)/HLA复合体具有特异性的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)。可以将这些抗原结合分子掺入细胞中,以使得这些细胞对表达抗原的细胞具有特异细胞毒性。
本发明采用新方案以获得针对任何蛋白质(包括因为在细胞表面上不表达而不可及的那些蛋白质)的治疗性抗体。几乎任何胞质内或核内蛋白质(除细胞表面蛋白之外)均是本文所述方案的潜在靶。这包括但不限于致癌蛋白、转录因子、酶等。
为了靶向衍生自胞内或核蛋白质的肿瘤抗原,需要开发作为不同寻常方案的治疗性抗体。这种方案旨在产生以与T细胞受体(TCR)相同的特异性识别细胞表面上表达的肽/MHC复合体的重组mAb。这类mAb与TCR共有关于靶识别的功能同源性,但是赋予更高亲和力和武装抗体表征的强力细胞毒性剂的能力。在技术上,TCR样mAb可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规的杂交瘤技术产生,以产生人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体。
另外,对于人类中的治疗性使用,全长人mAb是优选的,因为鼠抗体引起免疫原性反应,称作HAMA(人抗小鼠抗体)应答(24,25),当施用至人时,造成严重副作用,包括过敏反应和超敏反应。这种免疫原性反应由通过人免疫系统将鼠抗体识别为外来物触发,原因在于与天然人抗体略微不同的氨基酸序列。可以使用本领域已知的人源化方法(26,27)减少鼠衍生抗体的免疫原性(28)。
最近,噬菌体展示文库的使用已经使得针对很好定义的表位选择庞大数目的Ab库以得到独特和罕见Ab成为可能(关于噬菌体展示的更多细节,参见McCafferty等人,Phageantibodies:filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains(噬菌体抗体:展示抗体可变域的丝状噬菌体).Nature,348:552-554)。快速鉴定对肿瘤抗原衍生的肽-MHC复合体分子高度特异的人Fab或单链Fv(scFv)片段因此已经变得可能(19-22)。最近,已经显示通过对黑素瘤Ag MART-1 26-35/A2或gp100 280-288/A2特异的TCR样Fab与截短形式的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)内毒素融合所产生的免疫毒素抑制人黑素瘤体外和体内生长(23)。此外,通过使用Fab片段工程化设计全长mAb,可能直接产生治疗性人mAb,绕过正常情况下开发治疗性mAb所需要的耗时多月的工作。本发明涉及开发识别例如WT1肽/HLA-A2复合体(RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的TCR样、全长人mAb用于癌症疗法。
具有TCR样特异性的重组抗体代表一种用于肿瘤免疫学和免疫疗法中研究和治疗性应用的新且有价值的工具。WT1是已经在世界上作为标记物、预后因子和治疗靶研究的充分建立和验证过的肿瘤抗原。最近NCI任务组将它优先划归为顶级优先肿瘤抗原(29)。
鉴定与HLA分子预示高结合的肽
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于产生与HLA限制型肽特异性结合的抗体的方法,当作为肽/MHC复合体的部分呈递时,所述抗体能够引发特异性细胞毒T细胞反应。HLA I类分子呈递约8-12个氨基酸长度的内源衍生肽至CD8+细胞毒T淋巴细胞。待用于本发明方法中的肽通常是约6-22个氨基酸长度,并且在一些实施方案中,在约9和20个氨基酸之间并且包含衍生自目的蛋白(例如,人WT1蛋白(GenBank登录号P19544)或其类似物)的氨基酸序列。
可以使用本领域技术人员已知的计算机预测模型,基于HLA-A0201结合基序以及蛋白酶体和免疫蛋白酶体切割位点的存在确定适用于根据本发明方法产生抗体的肽。为预测MHC I类结合位点,这类模型包括但不限于ProPred1(在Singh和Raghava,ProPred:prediction of HLA-DR binding sites(ProPred:HLA-DR结合位点的预测).BIOINFORMATICS 17(12):1236-1237 2001)和SYFPEITHI(见Schuler等人,SYFPEITHI,Database for Searching and T-Cell Epitope Prediction(用于检索和T细胞表位预测的数据库SYFPEITHI),引自Immunoinformatics Methods in Molecular Biology,vol 409(1):75-93 2007)。
HLA-A*0201在39-46%的全部高加索人中表达并且因此代表用于本发明方法中的MHC抗原的适合选项。为制备WT1肽抗原的一个实施方案,使用SYFPEITHI数据库的预测性算法鉴定针对HLA-A0201分子的推定性CD84+表位的氨基酸序列和预测结合作用(见Schuler等人,SYFPEITHI,Database for Searching and T-Cell Epitope Prediction(用于检索和T细胞表位预测的数据库SYFPEITHI),引自Immunoinformatics Methods in MolecularBiology,vol 409(1):75-93 2007)。
一旦已经鉴定到适宜的肽,可以根据本领域技术人员熟知的方案进行肽合成。因为它们的尺寸相对小,所以本发明的肽可以根据常规的肽合成技术在溶液中或在固相支持物上直接合成。多种自动的合成仪是可商业获得的并且可以根据已知的方案使用。溶液相中的肽合成已经成为充分建立的用于大规模生产合成肽的方法并且同样是制备本发明肽的合适备选方法(见例如John Morrow Stewart和Martin等人的Solid Phase PeptideSynthesis,Application of Almez-mediated Amidation Reactions to Solution PhasePeptide Synthesis,Tetrahedron Letters Vol.39,第1517-1520页,1998)。
用于本文所述的方案中的每种肽均购自Genemed Synthesis,Inc.(San Antonio,TX)并由该公司使用芴基甲氧羰基化学和固相合成法合成和通过高压液相色谱纯化。通过高效液相色谱分析评估肽的质量,并且使用基质辅助激光解吸附质谱法观察预期的分子量。肽是无菌的并且纯度70%至90%。将肽溶解于DMSO中并于PBS(pH7.4)或盐水中稀释为5mg/ml和贮存在-80℃。
肽选择后,使用抗原加工缺陷型T2细胞系测试所选择肽的结合活性,其中当HLA-A被抗原呈递沟的肽稳定时,所述细胞系增加HLA-A的表达。简而言之,用肽脉冲T2细胞足以诱导HLA-A表达的时间。随后通过用荧光标记的对HLA-A特异的单克隆抗体(例如,BB7.2)免疫染色和流式细胞术测量T2细胞的HLA-A表达。使用式FI=(MFI[具有肽的T2细胞])/MFI[不具有肽的T2细胞]-1,将荧光指数(FI)计算为如通过荧光激活细胞分选分析所测定的HLA-A0201在T2细胞上的平均荧光强度(MFI)。
使用本文中公开的方法,产生了针对维尔姆斯瘤癌基因蛋白(WT1)的全长人T细胞受体(TCR)样抗体。通过噬菌体展示技术产生的TCR样抗WT1抗体是对与诱导HLA限制型细胞毒CD8T细胞的复合体相似的WT1肽/HLA复合体特异的。
使用SYFPEITHI算法筛选WT1蛋白序列并且鉴定到预测与高加索人群中高度表达的多种HLA分子以高亲和力结合的WT1肽(例如,命名为428、328和122的肽)。肽428涵盖WT1氨基酸428-459,肽328涵盖WT1氨基酸328-349,并且肽122涵盖WT1氨基酸122-140(参见图1)。
也可以通过保守性氨基酸置换MHC结合残基设计不规则(heteroclitic)肽,其中期望保守性氨基酸置换增强针对MHC I类等位基因的亲和力,如通过预测算法预测的那样。WT1肽122在其内部包含一个已知的CD8+表位(126-134)。在一个实施方案中,因此,可以使用下述肽的修饰肽,所述肽涵盖WT1氨基酸残基126-134并在多个位置含有修饰的氨基酸。用于丙氨酸诱变WT1A的肽(另外命名为RFM)基于产生置换的位置命名。表10中显示可以使用的WT1肽的例子以及无关肽RHAMM-R3和EW。
表10
一旦已经鉴定合适的肽,通过使肽和组织相容性抗原在溶液中一起形成复合体,制备待用于噬菌体展示文库筛选的靶抗原,即,肽/HLA复合体(例如,WT1肽/HLA-A0201)。
选择针对WT1肽的高亲和力scFv
下一个步骤是将以高亲和力与目的靶抗原结合的噬菌体与人噬菌体展示文库中不结合或以较低亲和力结合的噬菌体分选开。这通过噬菌体与结合于固相支持物(例如,珠或哺乳动物细胞)的抗原反复结合,随后移除未结合的噬菌体和洗脱特异性结合的噬菌体来实现。在一个实施方案中,将抗原首先生物素酰化用于固定至例如链霉亲和素缀合的Dynabeads M-280。将噬菌体文库与细胞、珠或其他固相支持物温育并且通过洗涤移除未结合的噬菌体。选择和测试结合的克隆。
一旦选出,则通过间接流式细胞术对阳性scFv克隆测试它们与活T2细胞表面上的HLA-A2/肽复合体的结合。简而言之,噬菌体克隆与已经用Wt1-A肽或无关肽(对照)脉冲的T2细胞温育。将细胞洗涤并随后与小鼠抗M13外壳蛋白mAb温育。将细胞再次洗涤并且用FITC-山羊(Fab)2抗小鼠Ig标记,之后进行流式细胞术。
在其他实施方案中,抗WT1/A抗体可以包含设计成改善蛋白质稳定性、抗体结合、表达水平或引入治疗剂缀合位点的一个或多个构架区氨基酸置换。这些scFv随后用来根据本领域技术人员已知的方法产生重组人单克隆Ig。
也包括用于减少白血病细胞增殖的方法,所述方法包括使白血病细胞与本发明的WT1抗体接触。在一个相关方面,本发明的抗体可以用于白血病的预防或治疗。治疗性抗体的施用是本领域已知的。
具有抗癌剂的抗体缀合物
单克隆抗体代表定向递送生物活性物质至癌症部位的优选运载体,所述定向递送包括基于抗体递送细胞毒物质、放射性核素或免疫调节细胞因子。本发明涵盖本发明抗体与治疗剂的缀合物,所述治疗剂包括但不限于药物(如卡里奇霉素(calecheamicin)、aureastatin、多柔比星)或毒素(如蓖麻毒蛋白、白喉毒素、多花白树毒蛋白)或发射α或β粒子的放射性同位素(如90Y、131I、225Ac、213Bi、223Ra和227Th)、炎性肽(如IL2、TNF、IFN-γ)。
药物组合物和治疗方法
可以将本发明的WT1抗体以足以防止、抑制或减少肿瘤或病理学疾病的进展的量施用至患有肿瘤或WT1相关病理学疾病的患者用于治疗性治疗。进展包括例如肿瘤或病理学疾病的生长、侵袭、转移和/或复发。有效用于这个用途的量将取决于疾病的严重性和患者自身免疫系统的总体状态。给药方案将也随疾病状态和患者状态变动并且一般将范围从单次快速浓注(bolus)剂量或连续输注至每天多次施用(例如,每4-6个小时),或如治疗医师和患者状况所指示。
可由本发明WT1抗体治疗的医学疾病的鉴定完全处于本领域技术人员的能力和知识范围内。例如,正患有临床明显的白血病或存在形成临床明显症状的风险的人类个体适合施用本发明的WT1抗体。本领域熟练的临床医生可以例如通过利用临床试验、体格检查和就医/家族史,轻易地确定某个体是否为这种治疗的候选者。
以WT1表达为特征的病理学疾病的非限制性例子包括慢性髓细胞白血病、急性淋巴母细胞白血病(ALL)、急性髓样/骨髓性白血病(AML)和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)。额外地,实体瘤,总体上并且尤其地是与间皮瘤、卵巢癌、胃肠道癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和成胶质细胞瘤相关的肿瘤,是使用WT1抗体可治疗的。
因此,在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供通过施用与一种或多种其他药剂组合的本发明WT1抗体治疗医学疾病的方法。例如,本发明的实施方案提供通过施用本发明WT1抗体连同抗肿瘤剂或抗血管生成剂来治疗医学疾病的方法。WT1抗体可以与一种或多种抗肿瘤剂或抗血管生成剂化学地或生物合成地连接。
可以用任何适合的方法或途径施用本发明的WT1抗体,并且任选地,用来共施用抗肿瘤剂和/或其他受体的拮抗剂。施用途径包括例如经口、静脉内、腹内、皮下或肌内施用。然而,应当强调本发明不限于任何特定方法或施用途径。
应指出本发明的WT1抗体可以作为缀合物施用,所述缀合物与受体特异性结合并在配体-毒素内化后递送有毒的、致死性有效载荷(payload)。
可以理解本发明的WT1抗体将以额外包含可药用载体的组合物形式施用。适合的可药用载体包括包括例如水、盐水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、右旋糖、甘油、乙醇等中的一种或多种以及其组合。可药用载体可以还包含增强结合蛋白的货架期或有效性的少量辅助物质,如润湿剂或乳化剂、防腐剂或缓冲剂。如本领域熟知,可以配制注射组合物,从而在施用至哺乳动物后提供有效成分的快速、持续或延迟释放。
本发明的其他方面包括但不限于抗体和编码它们的核酸用于治疗WT1相关疾病、用于诊断和预后应用以及用作检测细胞和组织中WT1的研究工具的用途。本发明涵盖包含所公开的抗体和核酸的药物组合物。本发明也构思了通过采用载体的免疫疗法,包含本发明核酸的载体用于基于抗体的治疗。载体包括使抗体表达和分泌成为可能的表达载体以及涉及抗原结合蛋白(如嵌合抗原受体)的细胞表面表达的载体。
本公开也涵盖包含所述核酸的细胞,例如已经用本发明载体转染的细胞。
为了诊断和研究应用,也提供了试剂盒,其含有本发明的WT1抗体或核酸、测试试剂、缓冲剂等。
本发明的方法现在将在下文就代表性实施方案更详细地描述。
材料
细胞样品、细胞系和抗体:在知情同意Memorial Sloan-Kettering癌症中心机制审查委员会批准的操作方案后,通过Ficoll密度离心从HLA分型的健康供体和患者获得外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)。先前描述过获得人间皮瘤细胞系的来源(29)。细胞系包括:H-Meso1A、JMN、VAMT、H2452、H2373、H28、MSTO、Meso 11、Meso 34、Meso 37、Meso 47和Meso56。全部细胞均由位于Memorial Sloan-Kettering癌症中心的细胞免疫学系进行HLA分型。白血病细胞系LAMA81、BV173、和697(WT1+,A0201+)由H.J.Stauss博士(伦敦大学,伦敦,英国)馈赠。黑素瘤细胞系Mewo(WT1-,A201+),SKLY16(B细胞淋巴瘤;WT1-,A0201+);K562、RwLeu4和HL60、全部WT1+白血病以及TAP缺陷型T2细胞系从美国典型培养物保藏中心获得。细胞系在补充有5%FCS、青霉素、链霉素、2mmol/L谷氨酰胺、和2-巯基乙醇的RPMI 1640中于37℃/5%CO2培养。
购买了针对人或小鼠CD3、CD19、CD56、CD33、CD34的与FITC或APC缀合的针对人HLA-A2的单克隆Ab(克隆BB7.2)及其同种型对照小鼠IgG2b/FITC或APC(BD Biosciences,San Diego)、缀合了PE或FITC的山羊F(ab)2抗人IgG和与荧光素缀合的山羊F(ab)2抗小鼠Ig(In Vitrogen,City)。从MSKCC单克隆抗体Core Facility获得针对HLA I类的小鼠mAb(W6/32)。
肽:全部肽均购自Genemed Synthesis,Inc.(San Antonio,TX)并由其合成。肽纯度是>90%。(表1)将肽溶解于DMSO中并于盐水中稀释为5mg/ml并冷冻在-180℃。生物素酰化的单链WT1肽/HLA-A0201和RHAMM-3/HLA-A0201复合体通过在MSKCC的Tetramer机构,将所述肽与重组HLA-A2和β2-微球蛋白(β2M)一起再折叠来合成。
动物:8至10周龄NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid IL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ小鼠(称作NOD scidγ(NSG))购自Jackson实验室(Bar Harbor,ME)或从MSKCC动物繁育机构获得。
方法
流式细胞术分析:对于细胞表面染色,将细胞与适宜的mAb在冰上温育30分钟,洗涤,并且当需要时,与第二抗体试剂温育。流式细胞术数据在FACS Calibur(BectonDickinson)上采集并且用FlowJo V8.7.1和9.4.8软件分析。
选择和表征对WT1肽/HLA-A0201复合体特异的scFv:将人scFv抗体噬菌体展示文库用于选择mAb克隆。为了减少因固定至塑料表面所引入的MHC1复合体的构象变化,使用溶液淘选方法替代常规平板淘选法。简言之,将生物素酰化的抗原首先与人scFv噬菌体文库混合,随后抗原-scFv抗体复合体通过磁性分离架链霉被亲和素缀合的Dynabeads M-280拉下。随后将结合的克隆洗脱并用来感染大肠杆菌XL1-Blue。纯化细菌中表达的scFv噬菌体克隆(35,36)。将淘选进行3-4个循环以富集与HLA-A0201/WT1复合体特异性结合的scFv噬菌体克隆。通过针对生物素酰化的单链HLA-A0201/WT1肽复合体的标准ELISA方法确定阳性克隆。进一步使用TAP缺陷型HLA-A0201+细胞系T2,通过流式细胞术对阳性克隆测试它们与活细胞表面上的HLA-A2/肽复合体的结合。T2细胞在无血清RPMI 1640培养基中在20μg/mlβ2M ON存在下用肽(50μg/ml)脉冲。将细胞洗涤,并且在后续步骤中进行染色。
细胞首先用纯化的scFv噬菌体克隆染色,并且随后用小鼠抗M13mAb染色,并最后用与FITC缀合的山羊F(ab)2抗小鼠Ig染色。每个染色步骤在冰上进行30-60分钟并且在每个染色步骤之间洗涤细胞2次。
使用选择的scFv片段工程化全长mAb:如所述那样,在HEK293和中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞系中产生选择的噬菌体克隆的全长人IgG1(37)。简言之,将抗体可变区亚克隆至哺乳动物表达载体中,所述表达载体具有匹配的人λ或κ轻链恒定区和人IgG1恒定区序列。通过电泳在还原和非还原条件下测量纯化的全长IgG抗体的分子量。
工程化嵌合抗原受体和免疫效应细胞:编码本文鉴定的抗体和抗原结合蛋白的核酸可以用来工程化重组免疫效应细胞。例如产生基因修饰的T细胞的方法和载体是本领域已知的(见Brentjens等人,Safety and persistence of adoptively transferredautologous CD19-targeted T cells in patients with relapsed or chemotherapyrefractory B-cell leukemias(过继转移的靶向自体CD19的T细胞在复发性或化疗难治性B细胞白血病患者中的安全性和持续性),引自Blood 118(18):4817-4828,2011年11月)。
针对WT1p/A2复合体的全长人IgG1的表征:起初,通过将采用或不采用RMF或RHAMM-R3对照肽脉冲的T2细胞染色,随后用与PE或FITC缀合的第二山羊F(ab)2抗人IgGmAb染色,确定针对WT1肽/A2复合体的全长人IgG1mAb的特异性。通过流式细胞术测量荧光强度。相同方法用来测定mAb与新鲜肿瘤细胞和细胞系的结合。
放射免疫测定法:使用氯胺-T方法,将WT1 ab1用125-I标记(Perkin Elmer)(38)。100μg抗体与1mCi125-I和20μg氯胺-T反应,用200μg偏亚硫酸氢钠猝灭,随后使用10DG柱(公司)与游离125-I分离,所述10DG柱用PBS中的2%牛血清白蛋白平衡。产物的比活性处于7-8mCi/mg范围内。
如所述那样从正常供体和AML患者获得造血细胞系、贴壁细胞系(用非酶促细胞剥离器(名称)收获)、PBMC。将细胞用PBS洗涤1次并且以107个细胞/ml在0℃重悬在2%人血清的PBS中。将细胞(106个细胞/管,一式两份)与25-I-标记的WT1 AB1(1μg/mL)在冰上温育45分钟,随后在0℃用含1%牛血清白蛋白的PBS充分洗涤。为确定特异性结合,将重复组的细胞在50倍过量的未标记WT1 AB1存在下于冰上预温育20分钟后测定。通过γ计数器测量结合的放射性活度,测定特异性结合,并且从比活性计算结合抗体数目/细胞。
抗体依赖的细胞毒性(ADCC):用于ADCC的靶细胞是采用或不采用WT1或RHAAM-3肽脉冲的T2细胞和不采用肽脉冲的肿瘤细胞系。处于各种浓度的WT1 ab1或其同种型对照人IgG1与靶细胞和新鲜的PBMC以不同的效应子:靶(E:T)比率温育16小时。收获上清液并且使用来自Promega的Cytotox 96非放射活性试剂盒,遵照其说明书,通过LDH释放测定法测量细胞毒性。还通过标准的4小时51Cr-释放测定法测量细胞毒性。
萤光素酶/GFP阳性细胞的转导和选择:使用含有编码luc/GFP的质粒的慢病毒载体,将BV173细胞和JMN细胞经工程化以表达高水平GFP-萤光素酶融合蛋白(39)。使用单细胞克隆法,通过流式细胞术分析选择仅显示高水平GFP表达的细胞并且将这些细胞维持并用于动物研究。
WT1 ab1在人白血病异种移植NSG模型中的治疗性试验:将两百万个BV173人白血病细胞静脉内注射至NSG小鼠中。在第5日,通过在待治疗的全部小鼠中的萤火虫萤光素酶成像证实肿瘤移入作用;随后将小鼠随机分入不同的治疗组。在第6日和第10日,静脉内注射mAb WT1 ab1或同种型对照mAb。在mAb存在或不存在的情况下还接受人效应细胞的动物中,将细胞(CD34和CD3耗尽的健康供体人PBMC)在mAb注射之前4小时静脉内注射至小鼠(107个细胞/小鼠)中。通过一周发光成像1至2次评估肿瘤生长,并且每日评估临床活动。
选择和表征对WT1肽/HLA-A0201复合体特异的scFv:使用包含WT1的氨基酸126-134(RMFPNAPYL(SEQ ID NO:1)的9聚物WT1衍生肽实现WT1特异性scFv的选择。已经显示这种肽由HLA-A0201加工并呈递以诱导能够杀伤WT1阳性肿瘤细胞的细胞毒CD8+T细胞。
图2中显示来自用WT1RMF肽接种6次后的AML患者的代表性数据作为WT1肽在人类中有免疫原性的证据。以WT1-A肽(氨基酸126-134)刺激CD3T细胞并使用标准51Cr释放测定法针对697(A0201+WT1+)或SKLY-16(A0201+WT1-)细胞系测量细胞毒性。使用以WT1-A或无关肽EW脉冲的SKLY-16细胞作为杀伤作用特异性的阳性对照和阴性对照。效应子:靶(E:T)比率在X-轴上显示。数据表明,T细胞以HLA-A0201限制型方式杀伤WT1+肿瘤细胞。
将本领域技术人员已知的充分建立的噬菌体展示文库和筛选方法用来选择对WT1-A肽/HLA-A2复合体高度特异的scFv片段。在一个实施方案中,将人scFv抗体噬菌体展示文库(7x1010个克隆)用于选择mAb克隆。为了减少因固定至塑料表面所引入的MHC1复合体的构象变化,使用溶液淘选方法替代常规平板淘选法。简言之,将生物素酰化的抗原首先与人scFv噬菌体文库混合,随后抗原-scFv噬菌体抗体复合体通过磁性分离架被链霉亲和素缀合Dynabeads M-280拉下。
随后将结合的克隆洗脱并用来感染大肠杆菌XL1-Blue。纯化细菌中表达的scFv噬菌体克隆(35,36)。将淘选进行3-4个循环以富集与HLA-A0201/WT1复合体特异性结合的scFv噬菌体克隆。通过针对生物素酰化的单链HLA-A0201/WT1肽复合体的标准ELISA方法确定阳性克隆(图3)。进一步使用TAP缺陷型HLA-A0201+细胞系T2,通过流式细胞术对阳性克隆测试它们与活细胞表面上的HLA-A2/肽复合体的结合。T2细胞在无血清RPMI 1640培养基中在20μg/mlβ2M存在下用肽(50μg/ml)脉冲过夜。将细胞洗涤,并且如下进行染色。
细胞首先用纯化的scFv噬菌体克隆染色,随后用小鼠抗M13mAb染色,并且最后用与FITC缀合的山羊F(ab)2抗小鼠Ig染色。每个染色步骤在冰上进行30-60分钟。在每个染色步骤之间洗涤细胞2次。在图4中显示结果。显示WT1 ab1的噬菌体克隆与仅用WT1-A肽(RMFPNAPYL:下文缩写为RMF)脉冲的T2细胞结合,但是不与单独的T2细胞、用对照EW肽或不规则肽WT1-A脉冲的T2细胞结合。
通过以所示浓度滴定WT1 ab1测试全长IgG1 WT1 ab1与肽/A0201复合体的结合亲和力。将T2细胞用50μg/ml或10μg/ml脉冲,随后用第二山羊F(ab)抗人IgG/PE脉冲。在图5中显示结果。
图6显示由WT1 ab识别的肽/HLA-A0201复合体的密度。将T2细胞用RMF(上部小图)或RHAMM-R3(下部小图)肽以所示浓度脉冲过夜(ON),并且通过流式细胞术分析1μg/ml浓度的WT1 ab1、WT1 ab3和WT1 ab5的结合。
表11:噬菌体淘选WTI/A2的总结
通过间接流式细胞术在以下细胞上测试阳性scFv克隆与活细胞表面上HLA-A2/肽复合体的结合:(i)用WT1肽或无关肽脉冲的TAP缺陷型HLA-A0201+T2细胞;(ii)WT1+HLA-A0201+细胞系如BV173、U266和对照WTI-HLA-A0201+细胞系SKLY16,或WT1+HLA-A0201-细胞系、K562,不采用肽脉冲。后者测定scFv对肿瘤细胞上天然地加工的WT1p/A2复合体的识别和结合亲和力。
总计对28个噬菌体克隆筛选它们产生对WTI-A肽/A2复合体特异的mAb的能力。通过噬菌体scFv与用WTI-A肽和其他HLA-A2结合肽(50μg/ml)脉冲的T2细胞的结合测量对活细胞上WT1p/A2复合体的识别。这些包括:单独的T2细胞;用WTI-A肽脉冲的T2细胞;用不规则肽WT1-A1脉冲的T2细胞;用无关EW肽(结合HLA-A0201的9聚物肽,源自Ewing肉瘤)或RHAMM-R3脉冲的T2细胞(图4)。
表12:
使用选择的scFv片段工程化全长mAb
噬菌体展示技术允许快速选择和产生抗原特异性scFv和Fab片段,所述抗原特异性scFv和Fab片段本身有用或可以经进一步开发以提供完整抗体、抗原结合蛋白或其抗原结合片段。具有Fc结构域的完整mAb具有胜出scFv和Fab抗体的众多优点。首先,仅全长Ab产生借助Fc结构域介导的免疫功能,如CDC和ADCC。其次,双价mAb比单体Fab Ab提供更强的抗原结合亲和力。第三,Fab和双价mAb血浆半寿期和肾清除率是不同的。各自的具体特征和优点可以匹配于计划的效应子策略。第四,双价mAb可以按照不同于scFv和Fab的速率内化,从而改变免疫功能或载体功能。例如,α发射体不需要内化以杀伤靶,但是许多药物和毒素将得益于免疫复合体的内化。因此,在一个实施方案中,一旦从噬菌体展示文库获得对WT1p/A2特异的scFv克隆,则使用scFv片段产生全长IgG mAb。
为了在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中产生重组人单克隆IgG,基于本领域技术人员已知的方法将全长IgG mAb工程化(Tomomatsu等人,Production of human monoclonalantibodies against FceRIa by a method combining in vitro immunization withphage display(通过组合体外免疫与噬菌体展示的方法产生针对FceRIa的人单克隆抗体).Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73(7):1465-1469 2009)。简言之,将抗体可变区亚克隆至哺乳动物表达载体中,所述表达载体具有匹配的λ或κ轻链恒定区序列和IgG1亚类Fc(例如见表9)(33,34)。纯化的全长IgG抗体在还原和非还原条件下显示预期的分子量(图8)。动力学结合分析(35)证实全长IgG与WT1/A2以纳摩尔范围的KD特异性结合(图9和10)。
实施例1
使用全长人噬菌体展示文库选择对WT1p/A2复合体特异的scFv。
将针对HLA-A0201/WT1肽复合体的噬菌体展示进行3-4轮淘选以富集与HLA-A0201/WT1肽复合体特异性结合的scFv噬菌体克隆。通过ELISA确定针对WT1肽/A2复合体阳性的各个scFv噬菌体克隆并且对拥有独特DNA编码序列的克隆进行进一步表征。为了测试scFv是否与活细胞上的WT1p/A2复合体结合,对阳性噬菌体克隆测试与TAP缺陷型HLA-A0201阳性细胞系T2的结合。T2细胞仅可以呈递外源肽并且因此已经广泛用于检测HLA-A2分子呈递的特定表位。在T2细胞上筛选总计35个噬菌体并且15个克隆显示与仅用WT1 RMF肽脉冲的T2细胞特异性结合,但是不与单独的T2细胞或用对照RHAMM-3肽脉冲的T2细胞结合(图4)。scFv噬菌体克隆不能与WT1-和HLA-A2阳性的几个肿瘤细胞系结合,显示与全长双价mAb相比,scFv的亲和力弱。
实施例2
全长人IgG1的产生。
免疫功能如CDC和ADCC依赖于双价IgG的Fc结构域。此外,双价mAb比单体scFv Ab提供更强的抗原结合亲合力。因此,选择15阳性噬菌体克隆中的6个scFv噬菌体克隆以在HEK293和中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中产生全长人单克隆IgG1。简言之,将mAb的可变区亚克隆至哺乳动物表达载体中,所述表达载体具有连同匹配的人λ或κ轻链恒定区和人IgG1恒定区序列。纯化的全长IgG抗体在还原和非还原条件下显示预期的分子量(图8)。5个克隆成功地工程化为人IgG1。
实施例3
IgG1mAb的特异性和结合亲合力
与人细胞系结合
用或不用RMF或RHAMM-3肽脉冲的T2细胞起初用来确定mAb的结合特异性。5种人IgG1(包括WT1 ab1)中有三种显示与仅用WT1肽脉冲的T2细胞特异性结合,但是不与单独的T2结合或用对照肽RHAMM-R3脉冲的T2结合。所述mAb的结合亲合力与其亲本scFv噬菌体克隆相比大幅度增强(50至100倍)。5种mAb中的两种mAb显示与单独的或用对照肽RHAMM-R3脉冲的T2细胞结合,不过这种结合作用通过采用RMF肽脉冲细胞而大大增强。这表明,这两种mAb也对仅HLA-A2分子上的表位具有高亲合力并且因此从进一步的研究中排除。这并不出乎意料,因为鉴于MHC I类分子表位在复合体内部占据优势,这已经是针对肽/MHC复合体产生这种mAb的常见问题。这还表明,mAb对复合体的精确特异性可能在scFv阶段不容易确定,原因在于与双价IgG1 mAb相比亲和力较低。
首先在用或不用RMF和对照RHAMM-R3肽(50μg/mL)脉冲的T2细胞上通过滴定mAb研究对WT1p/A2复合体特异的剩余三种mAb的结合亲和力。Mab WT1 ab1显示最强的结合作用,低至浓度0.01μg/ml。同种型对照人IgG1在测试的任何浓度均不显示结合(图5)。除WT1 ab1之外,其他两种mAb即WT1 ab3和WT1 ab5在<1μg/mL所用mAb浓度的范围显示特异性结合。mAb的特异性识别也取决于细胞表面上的抗原性密度。T2细胞用RMF或R3肽以50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13和1.6μg/mL脉冲;并且对于T2结合测定法,受试mAb以1μg/ml使用。WT1 ab1可以在低至1.6μg/mL的浓度以浓度依赖性方式检测到T2细胞上的RMF肽/A2复合体,荧光强度显著高于其他2种mAb(图6)。这些结果进一步证实WT1 ab1针对RMFp/A0201复合体拥有最高亲合力。
实施例4
表位定位
为了以更高精度研究WT1 ab1识别的表位,将RMF肽在位置1、3、4、5、6、7和8用丙氨酸置换并且对T2细胞脉冲和测试WT1 ab1的结合。完整留下RMF的位置2和9,因为这些位置是肽与HLA-A0201分子结合的锚残基。与天然RMF肽相比,除了位置1之外,在其他位置处的丙氨酸置换均不明显影响WT1 ab1的结合(图19)。然而,丙氨酸(WT1-A1-B)或酪氨酸(WT1-A1)置换位置1彻底地取消WT1 ab1的结合。结合作用的丧失不归因于针对HLA-A2分子的肽结合亲和力降低,因为在使用HLA-A2分子特异的mAb克隆BB7的T2稳定测定法中,两种肽均显示最强烈结合(图20)。这些结果显示在RMF肽的位置1处的精氨酸是对WT1 ab1识别作用最重要的一种残基。不能评估在位置#2和9处残基的作用。
下一个重要问题在于WT1 ab1是否能够识别由HLA-A0201分子在细胞表面上呈递的天然加工的WT1表位RMF。基于WT1 mRNA的表达和HLA基因分型选择一组细胞系(表12)。
表12:
根据先前研究(Rena),通过定量RT-PCR估计WT1 mRNA表达水平。
在对HLA-A0201和WT1 mRNA均为阳性的7种人间皮瘤细胞系中,WT1 ab1与7种细胞系中的6种结合,但是不与HLA-A0201阴性(MSTO和VAMT)或WT1 mRNA阴性的细胞(如黑素瘤细胞系Mewo)结合(图21)。
类似地,在测试的9种白血病细胞系当中,WT1 ab1与WT1 mRNA和HLA-A0201均阳性的3种细胞系BV173(图22)、BA25和ALL-3结合,但是不与已经在众多研究中展示表达高水平WT1转录物的HLA-A2阴性细胞系HL60和K562结合。
如预期的那样,WT1 AB1结合的强度似乎也与HLA-A0201分子的表达水平直接相关,如间皮瘤细胞H2373、白血病细胞系697和LAMA、以及骨髓瘤细胞系U266中所显示。虽然这些细胞系是WT1转录物阳性和HLA-A2阳性,但是HLA-A2的表达水平低(表12)并且mAb不显示结合作用。在另一方面,采用T2细胞获得的结果反对WT1 ab1与单独HLA-A0201结合的可能性,因为T2细胞表达高水平的HLA-A2分子。值得注意地,WT1 ab1的确不与单独的T2细胞或用R3和其他结合HLA-A0201的肽(如Ewing肉瘤(EW)衍生肽或RMF肽的不规则肽WT1-A1)脉冲的T2细胞结合;已经显示这两种肽在T2稳定测定法中对HLA-A0201分子具有较高亲和力(28)。这些结果提供有力证据:WT1 ab1识别作用是对复合体中包含RMF肽和A0201分子联合的表位特异的。其他两种mAb即WT1 ab3和WT1 ab5与BV173和JMN细胞的结合作用也弱于WT1ab1。
实施例5
对细胞上WT1 ab1结合位点的定量
使用125I-标记的WT1 ab1的放射免疫测定法用来证实针对WT1+HLA-A0201+细胞系的抗体的特异性,用来确定亲和力常数并且用来评估一组细胞系上每个细胞的抗体结合位点数目。基于与JMN细胞结合的斯卡查德分析显示约0.2nM的亲合力常数(图23)。使用ForteBio装置,通过干涉测定法(interferometry)证实这个数值。125I-标记的WT1 ab1用来证实针对WT1+HLA-A0201+细胞系的抗体的特异性,并且用来评估一组细胞系上的抗体结合位点数目(图24)。因为我们不能确定双价mAb是否与表面上的1或2种复合体结合,所以每细胞的总表位数可以高达mAb结合位点数目的2倍。再次,WT1 ab1与HLA-A0201和WT1 mRNA均为阳性的JMN、ALL-3、BA25、BV173结合,但是不与HLA-A0201阴性(HL60)或WT1 mRNA阴性(SKLY-16)细胞结合。WT1 ab1不与HLA-A0201和WT1阳性,但是含有低水平HLA-A0201的697细胞结合(表12),这证实需要某个水平的总MHC复合体呈递足够的WT1肽用于WT1 ab1结合。用RMF脉冲的T2结合最高数目的mAb(50,000个/细胞),随后是JMN细胞,其结合每个细胞约6x103个WT1 ab1分子,转换成6x103个和1.2x104个之间的RMF肽/A2复合体/细胞,分别推定为是一价或双价抗体结合。三种阳性白血病细胞系结合1x103个和2x103个之间的WT1 ab1分子或2x103个-4x103个结合位点(图24)。这些结果由定量流式细胞术证实。
实施例6
与白血病患者样品结合的WT1 ab1
我们接下来研究WT1 ab1是否能够检测原代AML细胞上的RMF表位。放射免疫测定法显示WT1 AB1与HLA-A2阳性和WT1 mRNA+的患者1的AML母细胞明显结合。WT1 ab1与占据整个细胞群体多于83%的CD33+和CD34+双阳性细胞结合(图25)。WT1 ab1不与呈现HLA-A2阳性但是mRNA阴性的或者呈现HLA-A2阴性的3位其他患者的细胞结合。WT1 ab1不与来自HLA-A2阳性或阴性健康供体的PBMC结合。结果由流式细胞术分析证实。WT1 AB1不与来自A0201阴性患者的母细胞显著结合(图26)。结果与存在细胞mRNA表达时获得的结果一致。这些数据证实,RMFp/HLA-A0201在白血病细胞表面上的水平足以允许与WT1 ab1的反应性并且在WT1阴性健康细胞上的水平是不显著的。
实施例7
WT1 AB1介导针对肿瘤细胞的ADCC
认为ADCC是人类治疗性mAb的主要效应子机制之一。在人PBMC存在的情况下,WT1ab1介导针对荷有RMF肽的T2细胞的剂量依赖性PBMC ADCC,但是不介导针对单独T2细胞或用对照R3肽脉冲的T2细胞的剂量依赖性PBMC ADCC(图27)。重要地,WT1 ab1能够介导针对肿瘤细胞(如间皮瘤细胞系JMN(图33)和白血病细胞系BV173(图34))上由HLA-A0201分子天然呈递的RMF表位的ADCC,但是不介导HLA-A2阴性细胞MSTO(图28)或HL-60(图29)上的ADCC。使用来自多位健康供体的PBMC作为效应细胞,在1μg/ml或以下的WT1 ab1上一致地观察到杀伤作用。重要地,WT1 ab1也杀伤对WT1 ab1结合为阳性的原代A0201阳性AML母细胞,但是不杀伤呈现HLA-A0201阴性的母细胞(图30)。这些结果显示,WT1 ab1介导针对以生理水平天然表达RMF和HLA-A0201复合体的细胞以及细胞系的特异性ADCC。
实施例8
WT1 AB1消除NSG小鼠中的人白血病细胞
在事先静脉内异种移植BV173 bcr/abl阳性急性淋巴母细胞性白血病6日的NODSCIDγ(NSG)小鼠中测试WT1 ab1体内功效。在治疗时,小鼠在肝、脾和BM中具有通过萤光素酶成像法可看见的白血病。NSG小鼠缺少成熟B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞,并且我们假设引入人效应细胞(CD3-,CD34-,PBMCs)连同WT1 ab1治疗一起将重现体外观察到的ADCC介导的体内抗肿瘤作用。与对照相比,注射效应子连同两个100μg剂量的WT1 ab1几乎消除肿瘤生长(图31)。这种作用在整个实验过程期间是持久的(图32)。有趣地,在试验早期,单独或与对照IgG组合的效应细胞似乎相对于注射单独白血病的小鼠而促进白血病的更快速增长,表明这种抗肿瘤作用与效应子本身不相关。几只给予效应子的小鼠(在对照MAb存在或不存在的情况下)在实验中早期死亡,存在BV173的大量浸润。
令人惊讶地,不伴有人效应子的WT1 ab1治疗也大幅度降低肿瘤负荷以及与效应子组合的WT1 ab1大幅度降低肿瘤负荷大约30日(图32),尽管相比于与效应子组合的WT1ab1组时,肿瘤最终在单独WT1 ab1组中远更迅速地复发(图32)。我们证实单独的WT1 ab1的作用并且滴定剂量以评价效力。单独的WT1 ab1在早期时间点在测试的全部剂量(25-100μgx 2剂量)上均导致明显的肿瘤负荷降低。全部治疗组中的肿瘤均在抗体疗法停止后缓慢复发;和在第23日(最后一次抗体注射后13日),与100μg剂量组相比,可以在25μg组中观察到明显更多的肿瘤复发,这显示针对WT1 ab1疗法的剂量-反应(图33)。在治疗之前,小鼠在肝脏中显示最大肿瘤负荷,所述肿瘤负荷由WT1 ab1迅速清除。当复发时,最高剂量组中的肿瘤似乎主要在骨髓中形成,而肿瘤在用最低剂量治疗的小鼠中更迅速地返回肝脏。
实施例9
使抗体工程化以增强它们的细胞毒能力
如所述(43,44)构建了具有人IgG1Fc的识别免疫T细胞上的WT1/A2复合体和CD3的双特异性抗体。双特异性抗体预期招募细胞毒T细胞并且将其靶向至WT1/A2阳性癌细胞,同时维持Fc效应子功能和体内长半寿期。三种机制参与双特异性抗体介导的癌细胞的特异性杀伤:i)由活化的T细胞杀伤;ii)ADCC活性;iii)CDC活性。可以构建其他形式的双特异性抗体,如串联scFv分子(taFv)、双体抗体(Db)或单链双体抗体(scDb)和与人血清白蛋白的融合蛋白(45,46,47,48),但是缺少Fc效应子功能,具有不同的药物代谢动力学持性。
如美国专利8,025,879;8,080,415;和8,084,022中所述,通过在乙二醇工程化的CHO细胞中重组表达抗体而增强WT1/A2靶特异的ADCC活性。在Asn297上修饰的低聚糖N-聚糖改变如下效应子功能:1)与CD16/FcRIIIa更高的亲和力结合作用,以改进人天然杀伤细胞介导的ADCC活性;2)对CD32b/FcRIIb(一种在多个类型免疫细胞(NK细胞除外)中表达的抑制性受体)降低的结合亲和力,以便改进效应细胞如嗜中性粒细胞介导的ADCC活性和由巨噬细胞和DC细胞进行的抗原呈递(50,51,52)。增强的抗体预期实现更好的体内癌症治疗功效。
可以使用美国专利8,025,879;8,080,415;和8,084,022中所述的宿主表达细胞和方法产生IgG Fc的糖基化(尤其岩藻糖基化)变体,所述文献的内容通过引用的方式并入作为参考。简而言之,通过使用标准RNA分离纯化技术获得编码本文中公开的抗体重链或轻链的信使RNA(mRNA),并且将它们任选地基于大小分离。随后使用本领域已知的技术(如cDNA文库构建、噬菌体文库构建和筛选或使用特异性相关引物的RT-PCR)产生并分离与编码重链或轻链的mRNA相对应的cDNA。在一些实施方案中,cDNA序列可以完全或部分使用产生特定所需cDNA的已知体外DNA操作技术制造。所述cDNA序列可以随后安置在载体中,所述载体含有与基因处于可读框连接并且与低岩藻糖修饰的宿主细胞相容的启动子。
含有适宜启动子、控制序列、核糖体结合位点和转录终止位点以及任选地便利标记物的众多质粒是本领域已知的,这些质粒包括但不限于美国专利号4,663,283和4,456,748中所述的载体。在一个实施方案中,可以将编码轻链和编码重链的cDNA插入分别的表达质粒中。在一个备选实施方案中,可以将编码轻链和编码重链的cDNA一起插入相同的质粒中,只要每个cDNA处于适合的启动子和翻译控制下。在图34中显示结果。
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Claims (24)
1.重组抗体,其包含:
(i)第一抗原结合部分,其中所述第一抗原结合部分对结合于HLA-A2的WT1肽具有结合特异性,包含
(a)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:2所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:3所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:4所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:8所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:9所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:10所示的LC-CDR3;
(b)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:20所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:21所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:22所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:26所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:27所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:28所示的LC-CDR3;
(c)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:38所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:39所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:40所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:44所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:45所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:46所示的LC-CDR3;
(d)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:56所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:57所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:58所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64所示的LC-CDR3;
(e)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:74所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:75所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:76所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:80所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:81所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:82所示的LC-CDR3;或
(f)重链(HC)可变区和轻链(LC)可变区,所述重链(HC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:92所示的HC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:93所示的HC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:94所示的HC-CDR3,所述轻链(LC)可变区包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:98所示的LC-CDR1、氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:99所示的LC-CDR2和氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:100所示的LC-CDR3;和
(ii)第二抗原结合部分,所述第二抗原结合部分具有对CD3的结合特异性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述WT1肽具有氨基酸序列RMFPNAPYL(SEQ IDNO:1)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的重组抗体,其中所述HLA-A2是HLA-A0201。
4.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述第一抗原结合部分与结合于HLA-A2的位于肿瘤细胞表面的WT1肽结合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述第二抗原结合部分与人免疫效应细胞表面上表达的CD3结合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的重组抗体,其中所述人免疫效应细胞是T细胞。
7.根据权利要求5所述的重组抗体,其中所述人免疫效应细胞是细胞毒T细胞。
8.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述重组抗体是双特异性T细胞结合抗体(BiTe)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述重组抗体是串联scFv分子、双体抗体或单链双体抗体。
10.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述重组抗体在免疫效应细胞和肿瘤细胞之间形成连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的重组抗体,其中所述免疫效应细胞是细胞毒T细胞。
12.根据权利要求10所述的重组抗体,其中所述癌细胞是WT1/A2阳性癌细胞。
13.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述重组抗体还包含人IgG1 Fc。
14.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗体,其中所述重组抗体与治疗剂缀合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的重组抗体,其中所述治疗剂是药物。
16.根据权利要求14所述的重组抗体,其中所述治疗剂是毒素。
17.根据权利要求14所述的重组抗体,其中所述治疗剂是放射性同位素。
18.根据权利要求14所述的重组抗体,其中所述治疗剂是蛋白质。
19.根据权利要求14所述的重组抗体,其中所述治疗剂是肽。
20.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至19中任一项所述的重组抗体和可药用载体。
21.权利要求1至19中任一项所述的重组抗体的用途,用于制备治疗WT1阳性疾病的药物,其中所述WT1阳性疾病是慢性白血病或急性白血病或间皮瘤。
22.用于杀死WT1阳性细胞的非治疗性体外方法,所述方法包括将细胞与权利要求1至19中任一项所述的重组抗体接触。
23.编码权利要求1至19中任一项所述的重组抗体的核酸。
24.根据权利要求23所述的核酸,其中第一抗原结合部分由选自SEQ ID NOS:5、6和7;23、24和25;41、42和43;59、60和61;77、78和79;以及95、96和97的第一、第二和第三核苷酸序列;和选自SEQ ID NOS:11、12和13;29、30和31;47、48和49;65、66和67;83、84和85;以及101、102和103的第四、第五和第六核苷酸序列编码。
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