Supply Chain Network Design & logistics

An optimization-based control framework that simultaneously determines the optimal inventory and product pricing policies is developed for multi-product, multi-echelon supply chain networks. The optimization problem aims at adjusting the available manufacturing resources, product transportation, inventories and prices for the entire supply chain network to satisfy demand while maximizing network's revenues and service level, through the minimization of unsatisfied demand, over a specified rolling time horizon. The control scheme employs model predictive control principles with local feedback inventory controllers for the satisfaction of the overall objectives. Customer demand responses to product prices are taken directly into consideration through the explicit utilization of demand elasticity. The optimal manipulation of the product prices acts as an additional instrument for the efficient operation of the supply chain through the direction of product demand in less congested parts of the network

Companies strive to position themselves to maximize the value they add to the supply chains in which they are embedded. This raises strategic questions such as: Which durable resources should be developed to enhance current core competencies? Which activities should be externalized and to which potential partner should they be given? Which internal activities should be preserved and developed? How should the resources of the enterprise be allocated to activities? The aim of this paper is to propose a mathematical programming model of the extended enterprise which can be used to investigate this type of strategic networking issues. A number of general network modeling constructs are ®rst proposed. A model to optimize the supply chain structure under speci®c assumptions on the nature of production, cost and value functions in typical production/distribution companies is then derived. A heuristic to obtain solutions from the model is also presented. Finally, an example based on a refrigerator company is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach.

This paper proposes a stochastic programming model and solution algorithm for solving supply chain network design problems of a realistic scale. Existing approaches for these problems are either restricted to deterministic environments or can only address a modest number of scenarios for the uncertain problem parameters. Our solution methodology integrates a recently proposed sampling strategy, the sample average approximation (SAA) scheme, with an accelerated Benders decomposition algorithm to quickly compute high quality solutions to large-scale stochastic supply chain design problems with a huge (potentially infinite) number of scenarios. A computational study involving two real supply chain networks are presented to highlight the significance of the stochastic model as well as the efficiency of the proposed solution strategy.

In this paper, an equilibrium model of a competitive supply chain network is developed. Such a model is sufficiently general to handle many decision-makers and their independent behaviors. The network structure of the supply chain is identified and equilibrium conditions are derived. A finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation is established. Qualitative properties of the equilibrium model and numerical examples are given. Ó

The integration of entire supply and value chain into a closed loop network is gaining more im-portance in recent times in order to ensure a business to be economically and environmentally sustainable with the changing trends in business and social environments, growing environmental consciousness in the society and government legislations to protect the environment as well as the business. In this context, this paper considers a multi-echelon closed loop supply chain network design with forward and reverse logistics components. An attempt has been made to develop a mixed integer non-linear programming model for this problem with different costs so that the sum of the total cost is minimized subject to different constraints pertaining to capacities of the entities of the system, demands of first customers and second customers. A generalized model is presented and then its application is illustrated using an example problem by solving the model using LINGO14. This model forms as a to...

A supply chain network perspective for electric power production, supply, transmission, and consumption is developed. The model is sufficiently general to handle the behavior of the various decision-makers, who operate in a decentralized manner and include power generators, power suppliers, the transmitters, as well as the consumers associated with the demand markets. The optimality conditions are derived, along with the equilibrium state for the electric power supply chain network. The finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation of the equilibrium state is derived, whose solution yields the equilibrium electric power flows transacted between the tiers of the supply chain network as well as the nodal prices. The variational inequality formulation is utilized to provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium electric power flow and price patterns and to propose a computational scheme. The algorithm is then applied to compute the solutions to several numerical examples.

This research develops a framework for organizational value creation from agile IT applications. Based on the four themes in the business value research—business process perspective, complementarities, application level of analysis, and extent of use—three antecedents (organizational fit, process assimilation, and network adoption) are identified as pre-requisites for realizing the value of agile supply chain applications. Advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems are used as examples, and two case studies for their implementation in the electronics and consumer goods industry are reported to support the propositions. The theories of diffusion of innovation, complementarities, network externalities, and technology structuration are applied to develop the propositions for fit, assimilation, and network effects. Information sharing and industry clockspeed are identified as the moderating factors in the proposed model. The framework has both managerial and research relevance. The research guides managers regarding ways to more fully realize the value of agile applications and forms a basis for future research on the business value of IT applications.

The traditional supply chain network planning problem is stated as a multi-period resource allocation model involving 0±1 discrete strategic decision variables. The MIP structure of this problem makes it fairly intractable for practical applications, which involve multiple products, factories, warehouses and distribution centres (DCs). The same problem formulated and studied under uncertainty makes it even more intractable. In this paper we consider two related modelling approaches and solution techniques addressing this issue. The ®rst involves scenario analysis of solutions to``wait and see'' models and the second involves a two-stage integer stochastic programming (ISP) representation and solution of the same problem. We show how the results from the former can be used in the solution of the latter model. We also give some computational results based on serial and parallel implementations of the algorithms. Ó

Green supply chain management Carbon footprint Lagrangian box model Eulerian box model Heat link a b s t r a c t Environmental consciousness has become critical in the design and operation of globally integrated supply chain networks. This research examines the carbon footprint across supply chains and thus contributes to the knowledge and practice of green supply chain management. The analytical model uses the long-range Lagrangian and the Eulerian transport methods. Analytical and finite difference methods are used to approximate the three-dimensional infinite footprint model. A simplified numerical example validates and illustrates the proposed approach. The results show that carbon emissions across stages in a supply chain can constitute a significant threat that warrants careful attention in the design phase of supply chains.

This paper proposes a goal-programming modeling approach to address three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3D-CE) problems involving product, process and supply chain design. The model enables straightforward representation of the interrelations among multiple objectives and analysis of tradeoffs among those that exhibit conflicts. The model is demonstrated through a discussion of integrality versus modularity in product and supply chain designs that is motivated by events that took place in the automotive industry over the last decade. A numerical example is used to illustrate the model and the paper concludes with possible extensions and guidelines for implementation. #

Currently the Dutch pot plant sector has a dominant international position fulfilling about 44% of European market demand. However, emerging markets positioned at greater distances call for new logistics concepts to allow them to be reached, new marketing channels appear that require increased responsiveness and product diversification, and finally new competitors like Spain and Italy are entering the arena. If no action is taken, the Dutch might loose their renowned international position. What actions should the Dutch pot plant sector take? Can network collaboration or logistics orchestration provide an answer? This paper aims to support the development of logistics orchestration concepts in the pot plant network by presenting literature reviews and developing a typology of orchestration concepts using case studies from different sectors. The paper is concluded with an overview of recommendations regarding design and management of the international supply chain network of the Dutch pot plant sector.

M uch of the early research in the hydrogen supply chain area was focused on individual technologies of the supply chain, such as production, storage, or distribution, rather than dealing with the supply chain as a whole. The motivation behind this paper is the need to: (1) design a hydrogen supply chain that integrates the previously mentioned components within a single framework, (2) understand the important trade-offs in such a supply chain, and have a full understanding of the data requirements and uncertainties in such an exercise. Optimization techniques were implemented to develop the hydrogen supply chain for the transport sector, therefore, determining the optimum infrastructural and operational costs. Of course, cost is not likely to be the sole determinant of performance in practice. The network of interest was formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Also, the network is presented as a steady state 'snapshot' problem using Great Britain as a backdrop. The model and assumptions presented in this paper reveal that the optimum future hydrogen supply chain might consist of medium-to-large, centralized methane steam reforming plants. The hydrogen produced from these plants will then be delivered as a liquid via tanker trucks and stored in centralized storage facilities.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose a common framework for the empirical analysis of supply chain performance measurement systems used in different supply chain contexts.

Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper, which includes an extensive literature review and an illustrative case study. The content, context, process framework is applied to structure the body of knowledge and the case study.

Findings – Supply chain performance measurement is a context-dependent process, tailored to specific supply chain requirements. To understand how a performance measurement system in a supply chain has developed and is used there is a need to capture its context, process and content.

Research limitations/implications – The framework is illustrated by a single case study. Further empirical research is required to fully appreciate the breadth of application of this framework.

Practical implications – The proposed framework can help to develop performance measurement systems that are suitable for certain organisational and supply chain contexts in which a company operates, as well as to compare different systems used across different supply chains.

Originality/value – The paper demonstrates an approach for analysing existing supply chain performance measurement systems that can be applied across different supply chains and sectors. This will create an opportunity to use a consistent data collection process across a variety of supply chain situations and thus generate data for further theory development.

The study sought to establish the influence of sustainable procurement practices on the performance of procurement in food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four specific objectives guided this study, namely: to establish the influence of reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering on the performance of procurement in food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study was grounded on organization theory, system theory, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory. The study used descriptive cross-sectional survey research design to survey one hundred and eight firms sampled stratifically from two hundred and seventeen food and beverage manufacturing firms registered members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers under Nairobi County. Procurement managers were used as the unit of observation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The questionnaires were self-administered with assistance from the research assistants. The study used descriptive statistics such as standard deviation, medium and mean to describe data while multiple regression model was used to test the hypothesised model. The data analysis was facilitated by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The findings were presented on tables and figures. The study revealed that reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering are practiced across the manufacturing firms across Nairobi County. Importantly, the study established that the four sustainable procurement practices (reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering) significantly positively affect procurement performance through reduction of cost, clean environment and increased quality of supplies. Therefore the study concludes that sustainable procurement significantly increase procurement performance with the ultimate positive impact on firm performance. The study therefore recommends that manufacturing firms should institutionalise sustainable procurement practices through formulation and implementing of green procurement policies and procedures in order to manage their operational costs, comply with environmental regulatory authority requirements and increase quality of supplies. Secondly, management should proactively sensitise the general employees on befits of sustainable practices and specifically in regard to procurement function in order to create green culture with consequential performance benefits. Further, the government should take a deliberate step through policy interventions to encourage firms to green their operations as a way of

In this paper, we identify through the use of empirical data collected from Taiwan and Hong Kong, the factors that influence supply chain quality management. The data was collected from practicing managers. The findings for the two sets of data were consistent. The data showed that Quality Management (QM) practices are significantly correlated with the supplier participation strategy and this influences tangible business results, and customer satisfaction levels. The data also showed that QM practices are significantly correlated with the supplier selection strategy. The empirical results presented could be used to improve the management of supply chain networks in the economies studied. r

8 th International Conference of Managing Value and Supply Chains (MaVaS 2022) is a peer-reviewed forum for presenting articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The conference provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the management of value and supply chain management, looking across both product and service-based businesses.

The pressures from free trade in year 2005 has urged all Thailand's textile manufacturers to improve their competitiveness. The benchmarking survey depicts Thailand's On Time Performance index (OTP) as a problem and that it lags behind Asian leaders such as Singapore and Indonesia. Supply Chain Management, as a new industrial-wide management strategy, has become a solution to improve competitiveness as well as reduce lead time. From our pilot study in supply chain implementation project under the Thailand Textile Institute, it has shown that there are three major uncertainties-demand, supplier, process and control uncertainties-affecting customer lead time. Apart from that, information sharing within an organization and between supply chain echelons, particularly in order processing, raw material sourcing and production planning process are significant in managing efficient supply chain.

In recent years, the rapid technological advancements, the increased economic uncertainty, and the globalization of economic activities have resulted in fierce competition, and more sophisticated and demanding customers. These characteristics of the new economic environment are translated to short product life cycles, increased demand for customized products, and quick response to customers’ and market’s needs in terms of quality and quantity, posing significant pressure to supply chain participants. Several strategies for supply chain design have been proposed by researchers and employed in practice in order to aid enterprises to cope successfully and effectively and sustain their competitive advantage. This paper
presents an overview of postponement, flexibility and new inventory control tactics that have attracted significant attention.

Technological advancement and the highly competitive nature of business have forced organizations to use multiple strategies to streamline their business operations. Current research investigates the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and business performance, focusing on operational and financial performance. It provides insights into the operational structure, resource utilization, and the identification of strategic tools needed to strengthen organizational performance. The researchers conducted unstructured interviews with 41 industrialists and analyzed them via open-source coding and deducing reasoning. A questionnaire was developed by analyzing critical scientific literature and unstructured interviews. Empirical responses were taken from 202 industrial corporations. The structural analyses indicate that the effective execution of SSCM significantly improves firms’ operational and financial performance. The findings also provide detailed informatio...

Industries around the world are now all rushing the territory of globalization and specialization. Cooperating with good strategic partners is the sure way to tackle the potential problems arising from competition.The efficient and effective movement of goods from raw material sites to processing facilities, component fabrication plants, finished goods assembly plants, distribution centers, retailers and customers are critical in today's competitive environment.. This paper addresses design of network model for facility location and capacity allocation where in a set of customer locations with demands and a set of candidate facility locations will be known in advance. If a facility is located at a candidate site, a known fixed location cost is incurred. There is a known unit shipment cost between each candidate site and each customer location. The problem is to find the locations of the facilities and the shipment pattern between the facilities and the customers to minimize the combined facility location and shipment costs subject to a requirement that all customer demands be met. To optimize this, the distribution network model is mathematically represented and solved using hybrid PSO algorithm.

In this paper, we consider a supply chain network design problem with popup stores which can be opened for a few weeks or months before closing seasonally in a marketplace. The proposed model is multi-period and multi-stage with multi-choice goals under inventory management constraints and formulated by 0-1 mixed integer linear programming. The design tasks of the problem involve the choice of the popup stores to be opened and the distribution network design to satisfy the demand with three multi-choice goals. The first goal is minimization of the sum of transportation costs in all stages; the second is to minimization of set up costs of popup stores; and the third goal is minimization of inventory holding and backordering costs. Revised multi-choice goal programming approach is applied to solve this mixed integer linear programming model. Also, we provide a realworld industrial case to demonstrate how the proposed model works.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to review and structure the literature on the integration between marketing and supply chain management (SCM) and to contribute to the body of knowledge by developing a framework for integrating marketing and supply chain strategies. Design/methodology/approach -The paper draws its insights and conclusions from a review of the literature in both fields, marketing and SCM, followed by an interaction research approach which helped to refine and validate the theory-derived framework from the perspective of practitioners. Findings -In the existing body of literature on marketing and SCM integration, three perspectives can be differentiated: the interfunctional perspective, the process perspective and the perspective of integrated business concepts. The proposed framework builds on these perspectives and moves them onto a strategic level. Integrating marketing and supply chain strategies involves the management of four integration levels: corporate integration; strategic customer integration; strategic supplier integration and marketing and supply pipeline strategy integration. Practical implications -The proposed framework points managers at the managerial issues of marketing and supply chain strategy integration and illustrates the need for an interaction approach which challenges the traditional view of marketing in the demand creation and SCM in the demand fulfilment role. Originality/value -Marketing and SCM integration is a topic which has received considerable interest in both fields for the last 30 years. Despite the notion that a close integration can contribute to the company and even supply chain success, no contribution to date addresses the integration from a strategy perspective. This paper leverages existing knowledge and advances our understanding of the strategic integration issues companies are facing in today's supply chain network-based competition.

W ubiegłych latach łańcuchy logistyczne przedsiębiorstw były skoncentrowane głównie na logistyce produkcji lub dostaw do klientów. Analizując logistykę zaopatrzenia własnego przedsiębiorstwa, mogą nie tylko sprawować silniejszą kontrolę nad całym własnym łańcuchem dostaw, ale mogą także realizować synergię i w ten sposób osiągnąć redukcje kosztów. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza przedsiębiorstw mających wiele zakładów produkcyjnych rozsianych w różnych krajach. Właśnie poprzez postępującą internacjonalizacje sieci produkcyjnych tworzenie wydajnych sieci zaopatrzenia staje się coraz ważniejsze. W artykule przedstawiono poszczególne moduły i elementy projektu całościowej optymalizacji logistyki zaopatrzenia, która stanowi integrator pomiędzy dostawcami a szczupłą i wydajną produkcją.

In the last years the focus of supply chain was mainly on production logistics and supplying the customers. With an analysis of the inbound streams of the own enterprise, the enterprises can achieve a more firm control of the whole own supply chain and additionally harvest synergies and generate cost savings. This is the case especially for multinational enterprises with multiple plants in several countries within one geographical region, e.g. Europe. The ongoing internationalization of production networks puts pressure on the optimization of inbound logistics networks. The article presents a detailed overview on the modules and elements of a holistic inbound supply chain optimization, which is an interface between suppliers and a lean and effective production.

The intent of this survey was to conduct an appraisal of the impact of Project Aquila on the Oil and gas
industry of Nigeria with particular interest on PEF(M)B. The data were sourced from primary and secondary
sources. Analysis of result revealed 70 % of respondents are familiar with the Aquila technology and have
explored the opportunities with significant impacts made on the efficacy (55 %) of stakeholders as regards loading
and discharge of petroleum products, reduction in complaints has achieved 80 % [35 % of end-users and 40 % of
PEF(M) staff ] and prompt payment of claims to marketers which hitherto were challenges. The paper submits an
all-inclusive synergy among stakeholders, development of hard and softwares required to drive the technology and
human resource development hinged on innovations for better impact. Imperative to improving on these impact
made by Project Aquila also is the need to translate the pamphlets to the three (3) major Nigerian languages to
facilitate penetration of the technology to the grassroots.

As for recent years researches, it could be stated that facility location decision has been the first step of strategic programming that is targeting utilize supply chain management and just in time production for betterment of business performance when the plan is reached to the production. It is rational that emprise to planning for high performance from beginning of projects. Making the appropriate facility location decision is a proper way to approach to standing inside a reasonable supply chain network and it will be able to decline time, and as a result, minimize the risk of preparing raw material according demand. Beside it will be good opportunity for logistic managers to decrease the coast of transportation and find the best out for it. Recently, large number of high level managers following various tools and strategies to recovery production performance and even they gain good success but stopped in one place, since their facility location does not give clearance to move on because of some weaknesses such as absence of transportation infrastructures or lack of the zone capacities and so on. In this paper, after a review on facility location, supply chain management, just in time and their concepts, linkages between facility location-supply chain management and then facility location -just in time are studied.

The article's cognitive goal is to derive consistency and guidance on the application of supply chain finance (SCF) based on critical literature review. In the authors' opinion, there is a need to systematize and critically evaluate current research into the finances of supply chains. The article consists of an outline of the concept of supply chain finance and leading methods of managing the supply chain finances such as reverse factoring, e-crediting, accounting engineering, variant accounting, crowdfunding and venture capital. Subsequently there is presented analysis of the selected SCF performance measures developed so far. Summing up the considerations, the authors suggest directions for further research. The proposed methods of assessing the results of supply chain finance presented in the article are: the EVA index (Economic Value Added), a cube of supply chain finance, so-called SCF Cube proposed by H. Ch. Pfohl, as well as a C2C (Cash-to-Cash Cycle, cash conversion cycle).

In this paper, a strategic location-allocation model is developed for the simultaneous design of forward and reverse supply chains. Strategic decisions such as network design are accounted for together with tactical decisions, namely, production, storage and distribution planning. The integration between strategic and tactical decisions is achieved by considering two interconnected time scales: a macro and a micro time. At macro level, the supply chain is designed in order to account for the existing demands and returns, whose satisfaction is planned simultaneously at the micro level where tactical decisions are taken. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation is obtained which is solved to optimality using standard Branch & Bound techniques. Finally, the model accuracy and applicability is illustrated through the resolution of a case study.

We focus on the problem of designing a supply chain for a new product. We propose a stochastic dynamic program based on a Stochastic Bass Model of the product demand dynamics. We heuristically solve our model using Monte Carlo simulation and math programming techniques. We apply our approach to the case of a new distribution service for Made-in-Italy wine and food products, benchmarking the performance of our heuristic policy against the performance of an easier to compute heuristic policy and a lower bound.

Integration of reverse logistics processes into supply chain network design can help to achieve a network that incorporates environmental factors as well as economic factors. In this study, a new integrated approach is proposed to address designing a multi-product, multi-period supply chain network with reverse logistics. The framework of the proposed approach includes green supplier evaluation and a mathematical model in an uncertain environment. To the best of our knowledge, integration of green supplier evaluation into the designing supply chain network with reverse logistics has not been considered in the literature. This integration can help to incorporate experts’ opinions about environmental impact of suppliers in the network design. Minimization of total cost and maximization of total greenness score of purchased raw materials/components are two objectives of the model. The fuzzy EDAS method is used to determine the greenness scores of suppliers. Also, demand of customers and capacity of suppliers are defined using fuzzy numbers and a fuzzy method is used to obtain trade-off solutions. The proposed approach is applied to designing the supply chain network of a home appliance company. The results show that the proposed approach is feasible and efficient to obtain solutions to design the supply chain network.

Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to identify Supply chain vulnerabilities in organizations that face Economic Sanctions and develop strategies to adapt and improve the resilience of the Supply Chain. The findings can potentially assist Supply Chain managers in making decisions to reduce the negative impact of economic sanctions in the organization using a holistic approach.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative approach with case studies is used in this dissertation. Iran, North Korea and Qatar are the countries analyzed in the research that are targeted by Economic Sanctions.

Findings: Economic Sanctions aim to isolate a targeted organization; however these organizations can adopt several strategies to counter Economic Sanctions effectively starting from the financial flow to the product flow in the Supply Chain. These strategies are also ranked according to their effectiveness in low-middle income organizations. The research is exploratory in nature as previous papers gave more focus on the efficacy of ES on targeted countries and how ES has become a tool of coercion. Hence, additional research is required in this field and some recommendations are also provided by the author for future topics of research.

In this paper we present a real-world case study involving the re-location of a combined manufacturing and distribution (warehousing) facility. The relocation decision was called to adapt to dynamic changes in business environments surrounding the ®rm's supply chain operations. Such changes include changes in supplier and customer bases, distribution networks, corporate re-engineering, business climate and government legislation. To aid management in formulating a more ecient and eective relocation strategy, we designed the con®guration of supply chain networks and assessed the viability of the proposed sites from supply chain perspectives using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). #

In today's market increased level of competitiveness and uneven fall of the final demands are pushing enterprises to make an effort for optimization of their process management. It involves collaboration in multiple dimensions viz. information sharing, capacity planning, and reliability among players. One of the most important dimensions of the supply chain network is to determine its optimal operating conditions incurring minimum total costs. However, this is even a tough job due to the complexities involved in the dynamic interaction among multiple facilities and locations. In order to resolve these complexities and to identify the optimal operating condition we have proposed a hybrid approach incorporating simulation, Taguchi method, robust multiple non-linear regression analysis and the Psychoclonal algorithm. The Psychoclonal algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm that inherits its traits from Maslow need hierarchy theory and the Artificial Immune System (AIS). The results obtained using the proposed hybrid approach is compared with those found out by replacing Psychoclonal algorithm with the Artificial Immune System (AIS) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), respectively. This research makes it possible for the firms to understand the intricacies of the dynamics and interdependency among the various factors involved in the supply chain. It provides guidelines to the manufacturers for the selection of appropriate plant capacity and also proposes a justified strategy for delayed differentiation.

As in the agri-food business supply chain networks are evolving in our paper we want to elaborate on managerial questions regarding them. In this context our first aim is to advance the concept of chain management by introducing a more differentiated view. Since many articles highlight the pivotal role of communication the second aim of our paper refers to the role of communication for the management of supply chain networks. Because the agri-food business is still dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises our third aim is to apply our thoughts of chain management on small and medium-sized enterprises.

This work presents a novel approach that addresses the management of chemical supply chains (SCs) under demand uncertainty. One of the main objectives is to overcome the numerical difficulties associated with solving the underlying large-scale mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP). The approach that is proposed relies on a simulation-based optimization strategy that uses a discrete-event system to model the SC. Within this framework, each SC entity is represented as an agent whose activity is described by a collection of states and transitions. The overall system is coupled with an optimization algorithm that is designed to improve its operation. This strategy is a very attractive alternative in the field of decision-making processes under uncertainty, the advantages of which are highlighted with some cases of SC networks that are composed of several plants, warehouses, distribution centers, and retailers.