Brazil History

Este breve texto apresenta as diferentes viagens e estadias deste militar e escritor que foi governador no Pará e em Goiás e um herói da Guerra do Paraguai. Trata-se de texto a partir da obra "Grandes Expedições à Amazônia Brasileira 1500-1930" (Editora Metalivros, 2009). Esta obra, com 41 capítulos, assim como a seguinte, "Grandes Expedições à Amazônia Brasileira Século XX" (Editora Metalivros, 2011), com 21 capítulos, reúne algumas das mais importantes expedições do período. Em conjunto, são 500 páginas, com quase mais de 400 ilustrações, um panorama sobre a Amazônia desde o século XVI. É autorizada a reprodução total ou parcial sem fins lucrativos do texto, desde que citada a fonte. Referência bibliográfica: MEIRELLES FILHO, J.C.S. Grandes expedições à Amazônia Brasileira – 1500 - 1930. São Paulo: Metalivros, 2009. 240 p. 29,5 x 30,0 cm. ISBN: 8585371781.

Analizamos los niveles salariales alcanzados bajo la lucha sindical por los trabajadores de la construcción de la Compañía Siderúrgica del Pecém (2012-2016). Como resultado de esa lucha sindical, en un agudo proceso de conflictividad laboral, y con la mediación del Estado, los salarios fueron aumentando de manera paulatina. Sin embargo, al evaluar críticamente los salarios obtenidos, notamos que la fuerza de trabajo de dichos obreros no consiguió, en general, venderse por su valor. Por eso, problematizamos e identificamos algunos de los motivos por los cuales la acumulación de capital en Brasil impone salarios a los trabajadores que realizan este tipo de actividades, que no alcanzan al mínimo necesario para reproducirse en condiciones normales. Compañía Siderúrgica del Pecém, Conflictividad laboral, Lucha de clases, Salarios, Sociología del Trabajo. We analyze the wages levels achieved under the union struggle by the construction workers of the Compañía Siderúrgica del Pecém (2012-2016). As a result of this union struggle, in an acute process of labor unrest and with the mediation of the State, the wages of these workers were gradually increasing. However, in critically assessing the wages obtained, we note that the labor force of these workers did not, in general, sell for its value. For this reason, we problematize and identify some of the reasons why capital accumulation in Brazil imposes wages on workers who carry out these types of activities that do not reach the minimum necessary to reproduce under normal conditions.

The following essay provides a detailed history of Brazil's development narrative from 1930 to the present with Rostow's five stages of economic growth as its framework. It aims to demonstrate how Brazil's emphasis on high-mass consumption and global influence is similar to and different from the United States.

The memory of the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil is inextricably bound up with Brazil's defeat against Uruguay in the tournament's deciding game. Known afterwards as the Maracanazo, it was a source of national collective grief. Literature on the topic has mainly adopted an internal perspective, highlighting the significance of the Maracanazo and this sporting event in terms of nation building. However, drawing on archives (FIFA, Brazil's ministry of foreign affairs) and European newspapers, this article addresses the visibility and prestige that the 1950 World Cup brought to Brazilian football. An analysis of the tournament's organization in the postwar context reveals its dimensions and international impact and raises two questions: Did the Brazilian organizers and authorities, particularly the diplomatic service, envision this World Cup as an opportunity to promote their country? And what representations of Brazil and Brazilian football were conveyed by the European journalists dispatched to South America to cover the competition?

7. Auflage mit neuem Vorwort von Franz Obermeier und Wolfgang Schiffner.

Stadens Werk war nicht nur wegen des Berichts über ein in Europa weitgehend unbekanntes Land von großem Einfluss. Denn abgesehen von wenigen Nachrichten in den Briefberichten von Amerigo Vespucci und anderen ephemeren Texten war damals nichts über Brasilien bekannt. Seine Bedeutung liegt auch darin, dass er durch eine geschickte literarische Strategie eines Authentizitätsdiskurses den zu der Zeit noch unpersönlichen Reisebericht auf die Ebene einer persönlichen Erzählung (Narrratio) hebt, auch wenn diese noch stark von erbaulichen Texten geprägt ist. Er verbindet damit religiöse Elemente als Rechtfertigung dafür, überhaupt einen solchen Bericht geschrieben zu haben,  mit der zeitgenössischen Realität des von ihm erlebten Landes. Dies war ein in der Geschichte der Reiseliteratur zentraler Schritt. Es genügt einen der mittelalterlichen Pilgerberichte nach Jerusalem zu lesen, oder selbst Marco Polos Chinabericht (Il Milione, entstanden um 1298/99), um den Unterschied zu solchen unpersönlichen Texten zu verstehen. Dabei ist Staden als Erzähler und in den beigegebenen Texten wie der Widmung an Landgraf Philipp auch als Autor in seiner Jetztzeit der Reformation und damit seiner eigenen Realität und der seiner Leser präsent. Seinen moralischen Anspruch untermauert der Protestant Staden durch einen starken Bezug auf lutherische Elemente und seine des Öfteren thematisierte Zeugenschaft für den Glauben. Es gelingt ihm, sein doch recht großes Verständnis für die Fremdkultur, der er mit einem offenen Blick begegnet ist, mit dem christlich-moralischen Urteil so zu verbinden, so dass sich in seiner Darstellung beide Elemente der Angst vor der Fremdheit des ihn bedrohlichen Kannibalismus und der für das Fremde offenen Wahrnehmung nach seinen eigenen Wertmaßstäben einander die Waage halten. Das geschilderte Erleben wird damit für seine ersten Leser wie für den Erzähler des Texts erlebbar, was allerdings diskursiv durch Wahrheitsbeteuerungen erarbeitet werden muss. Diese erfolgen auf der Text- und Bildebene. Die Trennung von seiner persönlichen Erzählung im ersten Teil und dem ethnographischen Bericht im zweiten untermauert diesen Wahrheitsanspruch, sachlich objektiv zu berichten. Der im Text erhobene Anspruch auf Augenzeugenschaft verleiht dem Referierten damit einen neuen Status, den in diversen Berichten erwähnten Kannibalismus dieser Indianer selbst erlebt zu haben. Er schildert ihn in einer nie gekannten Ausführlichkeit, der Vergleich mit zeitgenössischen französischen und portugiesischen Quellen erweist diese genauen Schilderungen als wahrheitsgetreu. Verschiedene Versuche, dies unter diversen Promissen als fake news zu erweisen, müssen heute als methodisch überholt gelten, auch wenn das Thema in der Populärpresse immer wieder auftaucht.

Auch die Ebene der sehr einfachen, nach Stadens Vorgaben von unbekannten Künstlern erstellten Bebilderung dient dieser bewundernswert ausgeklügelten Struktur. Diese einfachen, aber in der Rezeption außergewöhnlich einflussreichen Holzschnitte zeigen nicht nur das indigene Leben, real nachweisbare Küstenlinien und Elemente der indigenen Kultur, sondern auch den Zeugen Staden mit moralisch-verurteilenden Gesten oder als Gefangenen in einem Tupinamba-Dorf, wo er kannibalistische Szenen abbildet. Vor allem durch diese Bebilderung wurde das Buch zu einem Markstein der Reiseliteratur und  ist in Brasilien durch zahlreiche Bearbeitungen als Kinder – und Jugendliteratur sowie durch zwei Filme im kulturellen Imaginarium des Landes als erstes Brasilienbuch und Gründungstext präsent.

RESUMO: This article studies the borrowing of severa{ elements from the ancient Egyptian civilization, its using and adaptation for other purposes in Brazil. the poster of an Egyptian exhibition. in Brazil, are good examples of this practice.

Die Eisenbahnstrecke Madeira-Mamoré, Baubeginn 1907 sollte  von dem Ort Santo Antonio auf dem Rio Madeira bis zu Guajará-Merim am Guaporé führen. Dies entspricht 366 Kilometern. Der Ingenieur Joaquim Catramby gewann den Wettbewerb, verkaufte die Konzession aber bald an den aus den USA stammenden Unternehmer Percival Farquar (York, Pennsylvania, 1864 - New York 1953) der stark im brasilianischen Schienenverkehr engagiert, die Firma  May & Jekyll beauftragt,
die sich mit John Randolph, zusammentut. Es entstand die Firma May Jekyll & Randolph, zur Finanzierung wird von der Madeira - Mamoré Railway Co. eine Aktiengesellschaft nach den Gesetzen  des  US-Bundesstaates  Maine  ins  Leben  gerufen.  Die  Arbeiten  vor  Ort  beginnen 1907. Die Arbeitsbedingungen führten durch Gelbfieber, Malaria und Beriberi zum Tod mehrerer Tausend Arbeiter, die genaue Zahl ist nicht bekannt. Im Jahr 1910 wird ein erstes Teilstück eingeweiht, 1912 die ganze Strecke. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte aber der brasilianische Kautschuk,  der  inzwischen  durch  nach  Malaisia  illegal  ausgeführte  Samen  an  Bedeutung verloren  hat,  keine  Monopolstellung  mehr.  Der  die  Madeira-Mamoré  Company  kontrollierende Percival Farquhar geht 1913 bankrott. 

Die heute stillgelegte Eisenbahnstrecke an den Flüssen Madeira-Mamoré ist am ehesten noch in Erinnerung als ein Beispiel menschlicher Hybris, die die Natur des brasilianischen Urwalds und die Unüberwindbarkeit der Stromschnellen und Wasserfälle der Amazonaszuflüsse durch die  Technik  in  einer  Landverbindung  zu  umgehen  versucht  hat.  In  diesem  Beitrag  soll  die Episode dargestellt werden, auch als Beitrag zur brasilianisch-deutschen Industriegeschichte und anhand neu bekannt gewordener fotografischer Dokumente deutscher Provenienz zu ihrer
Entstehungsgeschichte.

Este breve texto apresenta as diferentes viagens de Charles Hartt , que percorreu diversas vezes a Amazônia. Trata-se de texto a partir da obra "Grandes Expedições à Amazônia Brasileira 1500-1930" (Editora Metalivros, 2009). Esta obra, com 41 capítulos, assim como a seguinte, "Grandes Expedições à Amazônia Brasileira Século XX" (Editora Metalivros, 2011), com 21 capítulos, reúne algumas das mais importantes expedições do período. Em conjunto, são 500 páginas, com quase mais de 400 ilustrações, um panorama sobre a Amazônia desde o século XVI. É autorizada a reprodução total ou parcial sem fins lucrativos do texto, desde que citada a fonte. Referência bibliográfica: MEIRELLES FILHO, J.C.S. Grandes expedições à Amazônia Brasileira – 1500 - 1930. São Paulo: Metalivros, 2009. 240 p. 29,5 x 30,0 cm. ISBN: 8585371781.

PARTE I-A HISTORIOGRAFIA DAS DITADURAS 1. Pensar as ditaduras: introdução ao caleidoscópio interpretativo 19 César Tcach e María Clara Iribarne 2. Historiografias da ditadura chilena 49 Claudio Barrientos 3. Cinco décadas de estudo sobre crise, democracia e autoritarismo no Uruguai 79 Aldo Marchesi e Vania Markarian 4. A história recente na Argentina. Repensando a história crua 123 Federico Lorenz 5. Historiografia paraguaia sobre a ditadura de Stroessner: os percalços de um ofício ingrato 149 Ceres Moraes e Evaristo Colman Duarte J0992-01-(CIV. BRAS.).indd 5 J0992-01-(CIV. BRAS.).

No final deste livro deve ficar claro quais foram as influências do contexto econômico sobre a vida dos negros livres e quais foram as escolhas e estratégias financeiras que eles desenvolveram para procurar resolver os desafios e as oportunidades que esse contexto lhes oferecia e, assim, tentar melhorar suas condições de vida. Já veremos até onde eles conseguiram atingir esse objetivo e até onde eu consegui atingir o meu.

Commissioned by Maria de los Angeles Picone (Boston College) Frontiers of Citizenship recounts how the experiences of black and indigenous people of the Atlantic forest reconfigured the concepts of race and citizenship in postcolonial Brazil (1822-89). Yuko Miki insists that the violent formation of frontier settlements in this region influenced the ideas and practices of race and nation. Settlers encroached on three interconnected frontiers: those of black quilombos, Botocudo territories, and the forest itself. They intended to establish wage labor until engendering war against Botocudo groups (1808-31), at which point they enslaved indigenous prisoners of war instead. Settlers also captured afrodescendientes but many soon escaped, formed quilombo communities, and increasingly undermined plantations. In this frontier region, settler conflict with both groups broadly shifted practices of exclusion and inclusion. This exclusion and inequality for Miki was "embedded in the very construction of an inclusive nationhood and citizenship ," and, as a result, the "frontier was the very space in which the relationship between race, nation , and citizenship [was] daily tested and de-fined" (pp. 5, 8). Slavery is the pivot around which Miki connects black, indigenous, and settler experiences in this period of postcolonial Brazil. The historiogra-phy of slavery in Brazil tends to ignore many indigenous experiences in postcolonial Brazil, but Miki tracks Botocudo trials through war, enslave-ment, and resistance. More than merely highlight a region with indigenous slavery, Miki also demonstrates how the latter affected enslaved black people and quilombolas. Foregrounding slavery helps Miki show the "contingent and surprising ways in which black and indigenous and histories overlapped shaped each other" (p. 12). By focusing on postcolonial laws and settler expansion, Miki shows how legal and spatial paths to citizenship that appear parallel actually separate at critical times and places. Therefore, by taking indigenous slavery seriously, Miki connects two subaltern histories through law, violence, and space-making processes. Chapter 1 sets the tone through a legal analysis of land seizure, enslavement, and resettlement. Liberals hoped to settle "forbidden lands" with Swiss and German coffee growers, but pacification preceded planting. They imagined settlement could save their new nation from slavery, but the "violence of frontier incorporation" created settlements built by enslaved afrodescendientes on the land of the reenslaved Indians (p. 98). From frontier settlements, such as Colônia Leopoldina and São Mateus, Miki shifts to parliamentary debates to demonstrate how a region touted for settler-grown coffee propagated slavery instead. Formal war (1808-31) against the Botocudo inhabitants of

W polskim dyskursie o emigracji wychodźstwo osadnicze nie zajmuje należytego miejsca. Uwaga badaczy koncentruje się głównie na emigracji zarobkowej oraz politycznej. Szczególnie ta ostatnia jest gloryfikowana, gdyż wpisuje się w martyrologiczną wizję dziejów Polski. Ponadto była ona udziałem głównie szlachty (później ziemiaństwa i arystokracji) i osób z tych środowisk się wywodzących. Tymczasem emigracja zarobkowa i osadnicza objęła głównie niższe warstwy społeczne. Najliczniejszą grupą społeczną tej emigracji byli chłopi. W poniższym artykule koncentrujemy się na specyfice polskiej emigracji do Brazylii. Nadal obowiązuje bowiem w społeczeństwie polskim wiele mitów z nią związanych. Jeden z nich głosi, że ze względu na chłopski rodowód imigracji polskiej w Brazylii polska diaspora w tym kraju dysponowała niewielkim potencjałem twórczym i intelektualnym. Dorobek ten jednak-co prawda rozproszony po znacznych obszarach czasu i przestrzeni Brazylii - jest całkiem spory zarówno w sensie znaczenia, jak i rozmiarów.

Índice e Introdução. Summary and Introduction.
São Paulo: Annablume, 474 pp. 2nd revised ed. (ISBN: 978-85-391-0660-8).
https://www.annablume.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=518:de-caboclos-a-bem-te-vis-segunda-edicao&catid=6:site

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é entender de que forma as ações antirracistas relacionadas à beleza negra estão acontecendo na cultura digital, com ênfase no YouTube.
Para tanto, propomos uma análise interpretativa dos vídeos dos canais das youtubers negras – Camila Nunes e Gabi de Oliveira – e dos comentários de suas seguidoras a partir dos conceitos de empoderamento (BERTH, 2018) e lugar de fala (RIBEIRO, 2018). Como
hipótese central, entendemos que a plataforma tem papel essencial nas dinâmicas de (re)construção antirracista da beleza negra. Nossa proposta é de extrema relevância considerando que a população negra representa mais da metade da população do Brasil, mas esta proporcionalidade não se reflete nas representações da mulher negra nas mídias hegemônicas. Quando essas mulheres aparecem midiaticamente, em geral a representação hegemônica é repleta de estereótipos que refletem, em sua maioria, a estrutura racista do
nosso país. Essa representação propaga um padrão de beleza negra remediado (BOLTER; GRUSIN, 1999) que além de ajustado ao padrão de beleza branco, propaga preconceitos e auto-ódio desde os tempos a escravidão. Em certa medida, na contramão desse fenômeno, o YouTube tornou-se uma possibilidade não só de representatividade como, também, de uma nova etapa no processo histórico de elaboração do que é a beleza negra. Demonstramos que, apesar das formas diferentes de tratar do tema, ambas as influenciadoras apresentam, no
YouTube, importantes expressões contemporâneas de reconhecimento, empoderamento e conscientização antirracista.

The Mandigo Chart of Kukuran Fuka and de Kama-Bolon (Mali)

The city of Kangaba in Mali was the capital of the Kingdom and Empire of Mali.

There was built in 1653 the sacred house of Kama-Bolon.

Every seven years a ceremony is held there : Re-roofing of the ceiling and the presentation of sacred objects. Griots reminisce, among other performances, the Epic of Sundiata founder of the Kingdom and Empire of Mali.

This ceremony can be understood in the spirit of African saying "If you do not know where you go, you go back and look from where you come."

This is also a moment for initiation and secret transmission reserved for specially chosen people.
Under these conditions, all observers, even scientific and authorised can only express hypotheses, having only partial access.

Near Kangaba is the plain of Kukuran Fuka where was created a Mandingo Charter in 1236, whose very existence is challenged by some "scientifics". The charter defines the code of moral and social functioning of the Kingdom and the Empire of Mali.

On 16 March 2011 the Government of Mali had this ceremony classified "Cultural and Immaterial" heritage.

Charter of Kukuran Fuka governs, among other things, social relations between the components of society. As for the slaves,
-They should be treated well.
-Raids to procure slaves are prohibited.
-The owners do not have the power of life and death over their slaves, merely because they are slaves.
-Finally, these slaves were entitled to one day off a week.

The Empire of Mali had many Universities introduced by Muslims and where teaching that was not limited to the teaching of the Koran but also sciences.

These universities have produced hundreds of thousands of manuscripts. First written in Arabic and then to local African languages. Many of them in Timbuctu owned by private persons in secrecy.

They came out in the public in the recent advance of Islamist on Timbuctu. Hundreds of thousands of these manuscripts were evacuated to Bamako.

It is only now that efforts are made to scan and translate them. There is a reservoir of information of great value to humanity.

Many slaves taken from this region where educated and could read and write while most of the plantation owner who used them were illiterate. These literate slaves certainly made reference
to the Charter of Kukuran Fuka without beeing understood.

In Brazil, these Muslim scholars, and their descendants have strongly influenced the resistance and revolts of the slaves, culminating with that of 1888, so powerful that it forced the Brazilian government to abolish slavery in order to not loose face and keep control.

It should be noted that these scholars passed from written culture to oral culture, more suitable for the preservation and transmission of secret knowledge.

In-depth study of Brazil in Children and Young adult literature from the mid-18th century to the mid-20th century. The examined texts are French, German and English, from the end of the 19th century on we also some have Portuguese texts, mainly directly written for schools in Brazil. Even though nearly all genres of young adult literature are represented in the chosen segment, early 19th century texts rather focus on sentimental stories, later in the 19th century on adventure-stories. The fictional texts nevertheless are based on authentic travel literature and natural histories. French texts are sometimes sentimental stories about slavery or adventure stories. US-American texts, some of them dime novels, focus on the masculinity of the young US-Americans going to Brazil in search of adventure and personal development. In German texts the personal experience of young adults coming from the bourgeoisie or striving often to reconquer a lost place in good society is central. Later the German colonization in Southern Brazil becomes an important motive, however from a European perspective, even if some authors had lived in Brazil. There is only one German text written by a German living permanently in Brazil (Wolfgang Ammon, Hansel Glückspilz, Curitiba 1926). The Portuguese texts representing republican values of the recently created Republic (abdication of Emperor Pedro II in 1889, Republican constitution 1891) are part of a Republican project of writing morally adequate fictious and informative reading books for school children  and giving them basic information about their own country. Despite all prejudices some texts exhibit about foreign people, black, mestizo or indigenous population and the often prevailing idea of Brazil as uncivilized land (mainly the Amazonian region), all these texts are important for the Brazilian image abroad or among young Brazilians. Some books are also adressed to adult people, for instance some German novels in the 19th century, warning about the difficult situation German settlers had to face in Brazil.




Vorliegende in zwei Teilen nur online erschienene Arbeit versucht das Brasilienmotiv in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur von den Anfängen im 18. Jahrhundert bis circa 1920 (die deutschen  Bücher  bis  1945)  zu  untersuchen.  Dabei  werden  Texte  in  Deutsch,  Französisch,
Englisch ausgewählt, ab dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts liegen auch portugiesischsprachige Bücher  vor,  aus  Portugal  und  Brasilien,  überwiegend  für  den  Schulunterricht  vor  Ort geschrieben. Eine eigenständige Kinder- und Jugendliteratur gibt es in Brasilien erst mit dem Werk von Monteiro Lobato, das ab den 1920er Jahren entstand und kurz als Ausblick behandelt wird. In Brasilien selbst erschienen in dem Zeitraum nur ein deutschsprachiges Jugendbuch Hansel Glückspilz von Wolfgang Ammon, Curitiba 1926 und einige englische Jugendsachbücher. 

Die  Analyse  mündet  in  einen  komparatistischen  Versuch,  die  wesentlichen  Motive  und Erzählstränge zu gewichten und dabei  vor allem  die  Frage zu klären,  inwieweit die soziale Realität  des  Landes  verarbeitet  wird,  oder  nur  Stereotypen  vor  der  Folie  einer  skizzierten
couleur locale tradierte Motive der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in brasilianischem Ambiente situiert haben. Es wird sich  im  Übrigen zeigen,  dass die zahlreichen Bücher  mit  Brasilienthema durchaus einen repräsentativen Querschnitt  der Entwicklung des Genres Kinder- und
Jugendbuch in dem Zeitraum darstellen. Natürlich sagen die Texte auch viel über das europäische  bzw.  us-amerikanische  Selbstbild  und  das  als  Erziehungsziel  propagierte  Ideal  einer gewünschten Entwicklung von Heranwachsenden aus.

Teil 1 behandelt die theoretischen Grundlagen der Studie und die Analye der Werke, in Teil 2 (in derselben Datei) finden sich inhaltliche Zusammenfassungen der wichtigsten behandelten Werke und ihrer Hauptmotive.  Eigene Kapitel sind der Geschichte Brasiliens und der Illustrationsgeschichte der Bücher gewidmet.

Concepts of sharing and commons are normatively and historically ambivalent. Some forms of sharing, such as sharecropping or alms-giving, proceed from and sustain asymmetrical relations to the means of life. Access to commons in other social contexts merely serves to make unequal forms of life more bearable. In other words, some expressions of sharing and commons are “functional” within hierarchical societies. Departing from these observations, this contribution traces contests over the logic of sharing, and apportioned shares of common land, from Brazil’s slave period through contemporary land rights movements in the northeastern state of Bahia. For former slaves and their descendants, “freedom” often meant sharecropping on the same plantations from which they had been released. However, rural Brazilians have also succeeded in transforming shared land into more equal and equitable distributions, from “peasant breaches” that emerged in slave gardens from the early colonial period through the abolition of slavery, to land occupations that occurred in the late twentieth century. By sharing land and other material resources—especially tree seeds, seedlings, and cuttings—rural laborers have established unexpected reconfigurations in distributions of property and social recognition that exceed institutionalized norms of sharing common land. With such outcomes in view, this contribution distinguishes socially replicative and transformative sharing.

Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Dec 2021

Corrected!

I am leaving the bibliography out--please check out JAAR website to download the full article--also have a look at the whole issue, it is great! https://academic.oup.com/jaar/issue/89/4

The aim of this graduate thesis is to investigate how deaf educators became members of the permanent teaching staff at the Brazilian National Deaf Education Institute (INES) and to understand how their integration as deaf individuals occurred. Specific objectives were: to understand the accounts of deaf educators at INES, where deaf educators themselves analyzed how they became permanent teaching staff members; to analyze the accounts of students from Colégio de Aplicação (CAp/INES) and of deaf students from INES Department of Higher Education (DESU), in order to understand the likely impact of deaf educators' admission, as permanent teaching staff members, on the academic community; to investigate the inclusion of LIBRAS [Brazilian Sign Language] in INES Basic and Higher Education curricula; to investigate  the memory of the administrative paths from the inclusion of LIBRAS in the Basic and Higher Education curricula offered by INES, until the admission of deaf educators as permanent teaching staff members. The qualitative research was designed as a case study and based on Historical-Cultural Psychology. Our approach of account is based on Benjamin (1987), Cunha (1997), Joutard (2000), Thomson (2000), Vilanova (2000), Bruner (2001) and Grohs (2015). As research tools we adopted the narrative interview (BAUER & GASKELL, 2002), biographical and documentary questionnaires, and netnography approaches (KOZINETS, 1998; PERLIN & SOUZA, 2015). We presented the History of Education for the Deaf written in the 19th century, by Ferdinand Berthier, a deaf educator at the National Institute for the Deaf in Paris. We interviewed two retired deaf educators from INES and presented their archives and documents, which they kindly shared with us. We described the Civil Service Entrance Examination nr. 09/2012, LIBRAS deaf educators' profile and presented the results of interviews with four of those educators. In addition, weabade interviewed two students from CAp/INES and three deaf students from DESU. We compared INES educators’ results and accounts with those of the French educator, interpreting the Intersections, Lessons and Doubts. We enquired how INES can become more and more the House of the Deaf, and at the same time, a common house, as defined by Nóvoa (2017).

In: José Vicente SERRÃO (org.). A terra num império ultramarino. Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais-no prelo O Estado do Maranhão e Pará: territorialidade e ocupação (séculos XVII e XVIII)
O objetivo deste capítulo é o de dar conta das dinâmicas mais gerais da ocupação do espaço e da territorialidade no norte da América portuguesa.

ABSTRACT: Oswaldo Costa was a key member of the Brazilian modernist Antropofagia (Anthropophagy) movement of the late 1920s, yet he has been largely forgotten by critics and marginalized from national cultural history. Costa articulated —as no other member of the movement did, including his famous leader Oswald de Andrade— an Antropofagia intellectually engaged in what we call a cannibal critique of colonial modernity and Occidentalism.  Costa’s Antropofagia cannibalized the historical archive, reading against the grain of a triumphant Western imperial history. Throughout his contributions to the Revista de Antropofagia, he questioned Brazil’s cultural allegiance to Europe, pointed out the existence of asynchronous temporalities within Brazil, and defied Eurocentric notions of civilization and progress that ideologically structure Brazilian nationalism in the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. He also enacted an anthropophagous re-reading of Brazilian historiography against its celebration of colonialism and proposed the necessity of a cultural decolonization. This article analyzes Costa’s principal contributions to Antropofagia and rescues his hitherto overlooked countercolonial thought from the oblivion of collective forgetting. Moreover, it examines Costa’s significant view of Brazilian modernity as a perfidious armistice with other barbarous temporalities, and of the Westernization of Brazil as a deceptive appearance that hides ever-present colonial antagonisms. ARTICLE AVAILABLE. LINK  @ URL  https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/82/294

"Si la doctrina católica no es ésta, condénenme; si la doctrina católica es ésta, ¡condénense!" - Estudio de Juan Gonzalo Larrain Campbell sobre el libro del Prof. Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira que marcó profundamente la historia de la Iglesia.

As clerical sexual abuse scandals hit the news and the crisis of
vocations worsens each year, debate about the merits of
mandatory clerical celibacy continues to grow. The fact remains,
however, that supposedly celibate priests have been sexually
active in significant numbers throughout history and that their
sexual activity has barely affected the power of the Church. In this
article, I focus on the ‘everyday’ nature of sexual ‘incontinence’
among a group of Northeast Brazilian priests and analyse the
relative systematicity with which vow-breaking is accommodated.
Such systematicity, I suggest, reveals an ongoing stable-instability
at the heart of the Church as an institution; a dynamic which, if
better understood, can help to explain the most characteristic (but
often overlooked) feature of institutions more generally: their
impressive longevity.

Das Buch erforscht die Beteiligung Brasiliens an den Weltausstellungen des 19. Jahrhunderts, mit denen das tropische Kaiserreich potenzielle Einwanderer und Investoren ködern wollte. Die Inszenierung einer modernen Nation im Ausland hatte nur wenig mit der von wirtschaftlicher Rückständigkeit und Sklaverei geprägten Realität gemein. So konnten die idealisierten Exponate in den Ausstellungspavillons die Spannungen im Inneren des Kaiserreichs nur bedingt verdecken. Auf den Weltausstellungen wird somit in kondensierter Form sichtbar, welche Widersprüche sich im Nationsbildungsprozess auftaten, welche globalen Einflüsse dabei eine Rolle spielten und wie bis heute nachwirkende kollektive Selbst- und Fremdbilder entstanden.

Introducción a Historia del Fútbol, nro completo: https://www.istor.cide.edu/revistaNo57.html
1. Una pincelada de fútbol e historia
2. Entrevista con Emmanuel Petit, campeón del mundo en Francia 1998
3. Reseña del libro Traidores a la Nación.

This article shows how the rise of printed news media during the opening decades of the seventeenth century fomented and fragmented authority in the polycentric Spanish Habsburg empire. Analyzing the making, dissemination, and reception of transatlantic news from Madrid to Mexico and from Lisbon to Lima, the article explores how the influx of fragments of unverifiable information from overseas undermined the possibility of complete knowledge. While the Spanish Crown exploited news media to create a sense of a unified imperial space, the dynamics of distance resulted in uncertainty and the spread of conflicting narratives that fractured central control.

A história dos povos e dos indivíduos flui, muda sempre, como um curso d’água em caudal contínuo. Ninguém vê duas vezes a mesma cena ou vive várias vezes os mesmos eventos. “Não é possível mergulhar duas vezes no mesmo rio”, escreveu o filósofo grego Heráclito no final do século VI a.C.
Todavia, a mutação nem sempre é percebida na sua dimensão. O peso das tradições, a contingência dos fatos e a abrangência das rupturas embacia o sentido das transformações da vida das pessoas e da sociedade. Refletindo sobre estes temas, Fernand Braudel, num texto que se tornou um clássico das Ciências Humanas, distingue os três arcos concêntricos do tempo histórico.

Tese inédita apresentada ao Instituto de História da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (INHIS/UFU) para promoção na Carreira do Magistério Superior da Classe D, Associado, nível IV, para a Classe E, Titular.

Versão apresentada à banca examinadora, formada pelo/as professore/as, Dra. Luciene Lehmkuhl (UFPB), Dra. Beatriz Helena Domingues (UFJF), Dr. Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari (UNICAMP) e Dra. Joana Luiza Muylaert de Araújo (UFU).

Resumo:

Este trabalho resulta da reflexão sobre um conjunto de atividades de pesquisa e extensão que articulam prática de arte marcial chinesa, educação integral e desenvolvimento cultural (humanidades). Tais atividades vêm ocorrendo desde 2015 e envolvem tanto a reconstrução, estudo e problematização da memória das artes marciais chinesas na região do Triângulo Mineiro quanto a proposição de projetos educacionais que as utilizam como meio de promover formas corporificadas de diálogo entre culturas e de abertura à alteridade.
Na primeira parte, focalizamos os desafios da escrita acadêmica e semi-acadêmica sobre a história das artes marciais chinesas no Brasil, levando em conta questões teóricas, metodológicas, conceituais e de linguagem, tendo em vista o caráter “híbrido” ou “ampliado” do público a que se destina. Busca-se refletir a respeito de uma escrita de fronteira, que não seja pura divulgação científica, mas produção original de conhecimentos, análises e interpretações sobre temática em diálogo, ao mesmo tempo, com a academia e com os entusiastas de artes marciais. Contextualizamos esta proposta no interior de tendências transnacionais (também verificáveis no Brasil) de tratamento da história e da memória das artes marciais, cujo lugar epistemológico e institucional de origem é híbrido e fronteiriço desde a sua base.
Na segunda parte, outra fronteira é tomada como foco para reflexão: aquela entre os processos de educação “não-formais”, típicos do ensino-aprendizagem das artes marciais, e os de educação escolar, conforme as políticas públicas brasileiras. A partir de experiências concretas de trabalho em projetos de extensão, realizados junto a crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos em interface com diversos níveis de escolaridade, problematizamos criticamente modelos educacionais focalizados em “projetos de vida”. Alternativamente, propomos modelos experienciais com ênfase em artes de viver, nas quais corpo, mente e cultura não se separem, e no convívio ético, livre e prazeroso entre os indivíduos em desenvolvimento.

Abstract:

This work results from considering a set of researches and extensionist activities which articulate Chinese martial arts practice, integral education and cultural development (humanities). This activities has been occurring since 2015 and they encompass not only rebuilding, studying and problematising the Chinese martial art’s memory in Triangulo Mineiro region but also the proposition of educational projects which take them as ways to promote bodly means of intercultural dialogues and openness towards the alterity.
In its first part, this work focus on the challenges for writing about the history of Chinese martial arts in Brazil in both an academic and a demi-academic way. It takes theoretical, methodological, conceptual and stylistic issues into account to comply with the demands of the ‘hybrid’ or ‘wider’ public of such texts. We aim to reflect about this frontier way of writing not as scientific divulgation but rather as an authentic production of knowledge, analysis and interpretation on the subject, that dialogues both with the academic field and with martial arts enthusiasts. This proposal is contextualized within transnational tendencies (Brazil included) of considering the memory and the history o the martial arts. Such tendencies originate from an epistemological and institutional locus which is borderer and hybrid in its basis.
In its second part, our attention is driven towards another frontier: that between the process of non-formal education, typical of martial arts teaching and learning, and those of the scholar education in accordance with the Brazilian public policies. We critically problematize educational models focused on ‘projects of life’ by reflecting on concrete experiences of extensionist projects for children, teenagers, youngsters and adults in interface with various levels of schooling. Alternatively, we propound experiential models with emphasis on the arts of living, in which body, mind and culture are interwoven, and on the ethical, free and pleasant convivence among developing individuals.

Portuguese colonists carried their conceptions of social organization to the Americas.
Their ideal was to “live like a gentleman,” that is, to own land and command laborers in
order to distance themselves from manual labor and exercise patriarchal authority over a
large household. Their property also allowed them the time and resources to be active in
local politics and serve the Crown. They intended to reproduce in the New World the
lifestyle of the Portuguese provincial nobility. There were, however, huge differences,
since in Brazil the elite lorded over enslaved persons instead of peasants. The first elite
families made their fortunes through the conquest and enslavement of Native Americans
in the second half of the 16th century, but many of them did not manage to maintain their
position during the transition to enslaved African labor in the following decades. Especially
in the most dynamic areas, such as Pernambuco and Bahia, the first half of the 17th
century was a period of flux in elite composition. By mid-century, however, a small number
of families controlled most local offices, slowly fashioning themselves into local nobilities
and wielding these claims to negotiate with the Crown and its representatives.
Planter elites also established broad patron-client networks that included even their enslaved
property. Nevertheless, their preeminence was threatened by the rise of merchant
power in the 18th century, boosted by the huge demographic and economic expansion derived
from gold discoveries in the southeast and the development of the internal market.
Nevertheless, the noble ideal did not lose its appeal, and many rich merchants linked
themselves to old noble families through marriage and the adoption of an aristocratic
lifestyle.
Keywords: elites, slavery, landowners, nobility, Brazil, Portuguese Empire, inequality, power, city councils

Slaves have never been mere passive victims of slavery. Typically, they have responded with ingenuity to their violent separation from their native societies, using a variety of strategies to create new social networks and cultures. Religion has been a major arena for such slave cultural strategies. Through participation in religious and ritual activities, slaves have generated important elements of identity, shared humanity, and even resistance, within their lives.

This volume presents selected papers from a conference of the University of Nottingham’s Institute for the Study of Slavery – the only UK centre studying the history of slavery from antiquity to the present. It breaks new ground by juxtaposing slave religious activities within two different religious environments. After a wide-ranging historiographical introduction, eleven international experts discuss diverse aspects of the subject, shedding particular new light on the neglected subject of the religious behaviour of Graeco-Roman slaves and on slavery in early modern Brazil.

Uma corrente teológica dita ”da libertação” , explicitada pelos teólogos Gustavo Gutiérrez e Hugo Assmann e impulsionada pela Conferência do Episcopado Latino-americano de Medellin, em 1968, se expandiu largamente em círculos teológicos de todo o mundo. Ela procura fundamento na Sagrada Escritura para erros veiculados por duas correntes doutrinárias distintas, mas intimamente conjugadas entre si: uma constituída pelo progressismo  no campo da Teologia, da Filosofia e da Moral, com os conseqüentes reflexos entre os estudiosos do Direito Canônico, da História Eclesiástica etc. E a outra pelo esquerdismo  no campo da sociologia católica, também com reflexos conseqüentes nos estudos de Economia e de Política promovidos sob a influência católica, bem como na vida, no pensamento e na ação das correntes políticas denominadas democratas-cristãs , socialistas cristãs , socialistas católicas , etc.

A doutrina da Teologia da Libertação foi condenada em vários de seus aspectos por João Paulo II, em sua Alocução de Puebla (1979). Não obstante, ela continuou a se expandir tranqüilamente por todo o Brasil.

As potencialidades de ação suscitadas ou estimuladas pelo progressismo pedem, por sua própria natureza, uma organização que dê, no plano concreto, unidade de metas e de métodos aos clérigos e fiéis engajados no empreendimento de reformar o Brasil  num sentido socializante.

Esta organização é constituída pelas CEBs.

Para alertar o Brasil contra essa ameaça, os irmãos Gustavo Antonio Solimeo e Luiz Sérgio Solimeo, e eu escrevemos o livro intitulado As CEBs... das quais muito se fala, pouco se conhece — A TFP as descreve como são .

For nearly twenty-five years, the Dutch West India Company (WIC) occupied part of the northeast of Brazil. This situation long ago, pertaining to the distant past of the XVII century, remains to the present day one of the most discussed and studied subjects both within and outside the academic world. In the Netherlands, the topic is attracting ever more research. A wide range of themes concerning the period called “Dutch-Brazil” has been broached in academic papers, magazines, newspapers, books, TV programs, novels, academic meetings, and so on. The sugar trade, society, religion, and slave trade, as well as the life and work of individuals such as the ex-governor Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen and his court of artists and scientists, are all discussed. Although the most important battles on land and sea in the area were regularly described in many historical narratives, some of the most important protagonists in the process of the conquest and occupation of Brazil were forgotten: the soldiers of the WIC.
The present research was designed with the objectives of reconstructing the life history of a selection of the many anonymous characters who participated in the conquest and occupation of Brazil and investigating the conditions of everyday life of the soldiers and other people of war sent to Brazil between 1629 and 1653. Determining who the recruits were, where they came from, why they joined the WIC’s army, and how this trade company hired them were basic questions underlying the reconstruction of part of the daily life of these men. Themes such as housing, food provision, work, health conditions, and the payment system were chosen to address the subject. Aspects unrelated to the material life of the WIC’s soldiers were selected too, such as a career in the army, social mobility, training, and rules of conduct. Since the WIC was close to bankruptcy during practically all of its operational years and did not have the financial means to adequately provide for the troops, the impact of this problem on the army and the reactions of its conscripts to these difficulties were also studied.
Many primary and secondary sources — governmental and private letters, chronicles, notary statements, diaries, memoires, pamphlets, letters of attorney, governmental acts, and travel accounts — were used to construct the history of this military personnel. Some of these documents came from the WIC’s administration in Brazil and from the United Provinces. The others were produced by WIC employees and persons without a relationship to the company who lived in Brazil. This group of documents is mostly available in Dutch archives and libraries or is printed in collections of documents collated and translated by Brazilian researchers.