WO2013133070A1 - ばね加工性に優れた高強度ばね用鋼線材およびその製造方法、並びに高強度ばね - Google Patents
ばね加工性に優れた高強度ばね用鋼線材およびその製造方法、並びに高強度ばね Download PDFInfo
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention is used for automobile valve springs and the like, and has a high workability (drawing property, coiling property, and SV property described later), a high-strength spring steel wire, a manufacturing method thereof, and the high-strength spring.
- the present invention relates to high-strength springs (hard pull springs, oil temper springs) and the like obtained from steel wire rods.
- valve springs mainly used in engines are known, but this valve spring mainly uses wire tempered wire for oil temper treatment (hereinafter referred to as “OT treatment”).
- OT treatment oil temper treatment
- a quenching and tempering process for improving the spring characteristics is performed, and then processing (coiling) into a spring shape is performed.
- major factors that reduce production efficiency include disconnection during wire drawing and disconnection (breakage) during coiling after wire drawing. Since these manufacturing troubles are accompanied by a long stoppage of the apparatus, the production efficiency is greatly reduced.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a wire rod is subjected to a surface treatment before OT treatment (that is, after wire drawing), and a surface scale at the time of manufacturing the OT treatment wire rod is left. It has been proposed to reduce the surface wrinkles and reduce the surface layer roughness, thereby reducing the surface roughness of the OT-treated wire and improving the coiling property.
- a surface treatment before OT treatment that is, after wire drawing
- a surface scale at the time of manufacturing the OT treatment wire rod is left. It has been proposed to reduce the surface wrinkles and reduce the surface layer roughness, thereby reducing the surface roughness of the OT-treated wire and improving the coiling property.
- the coiling property is improved by reducing undissolved carbides by controlling the nitrogen of the heat-treated wire.
- reducing undissolved carbide is effective in improving the toughness and workability of the structure, but there is a limit to the suppression of coiling breakage starting from handling wrinkles and cracks.
- a valve spring it is processed into a round wire having a predetermined wire diameter by hot rolling, wound into a coil shape, cooled, and then softened by annealing at around 700 ° C.
- the skin removal process hereinafter sometimes referred to as “SV process”
- SV property workability during this SV process
- the present invention has been made in order to solve such problems in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide high strength capable of exhibiting good characteristics in wire drawing, coiling, and SV at the time of spring manufacture. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spring steel wire, a useful method for producing such a high-strength spring steel wire, and a high-strength spring obtained using the high-strength spring steel wire as a raw material.
- the steel wire for high-strength springs of the present invention that has solved the above problems is a steel wire after hot rolling, and C: 0.4 to 0.8% (meaning “mass%”, chemical composition The same applies to the composition below), Si: 1.5 to 3.5%, Mn: 0.3 to 1.5%, Cr: 0.03 to 0.4%, and Al: 0.005% or less.
- the balance is composed of iron and inevitable impurities, the pearlite area ratio is 90% or more, and the pearlite nodule particle size number (hereinafter referred to as “pearlite nodule particle size number” or “pearlite nodule” at a depth of 0.5 mm from the surface).
- the average value Pave and its standard deviation P ⁇ (sometimes referred to as “size”) have the gist that they satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2), respectively. 8.0 ⁇ Pave ⁇ 12.0 (1) 0.0 ⁇ P ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 (2)
- the steel wire after hot rolling is coiled at a mounting temperature of 750 to 1000 ° C., and then 1 ° C./second on a cooling conveyor.
- the wire material is rapidly and uniformly cooled to a temperature of 750 ° C. or less at the above cooling rate, and the starting temperature of the subsequent slow cooling is within the range of 650 to 750 ° C. for both the dense and sparse portions of the coil, and the coil
- the temperature difference between the dense part and the sparse part may be 50 ° C. or less.
- region to cool slowly.
- the annealing time t of the said steel wire material shall be 50 second or more.
- V (° C./second) (Tin ⁇ Tout)/t (3)
- Tin Steel wire temperature (° C.) on the entry side of the slow cooling region
- Tout Steel wire temperature (° C.) on the exit side of the slow cooling region
- t Residence time of the steel wire in the slow cooling region (seconds)
- the present invention includes a high-strength spring obtained from the steel wire for a high-strength spring as described above.
- the present invention by appropriately adjusting the chemical component composition and making the manufacturing conditions appropriate, a structure mainly composed of pearlite is obtained, and the average value Pave of the pearlite nodule particle size number and its standard deviation P ⁇ are predetermined. Since the relational expression is satisfied, it is possible to realize a steel wire for high-strength springs that can exhibit good characteristics in wire drawing, coiling, and SV properties at the time of spring manufacture. Such a high-strength spring Steel wire rods are extremely useful as materials for producing high-strength springs.
- the present inventors examined in detail the cause of coiling breakage. As a result, it was found that most of the coiling breakage originates from a microcrack existing on the surface of the wire, and this microcrack occurs during the wire drawing process before the OT treatment. It has also been found that many of such microcracks are also generated when passing through a correction roller provided in the wire drawing process, or that the crack depth is increased when passing through the correction roller.
- Improvement of requirements such as die schedule, wire drawing speed, wire temperature during wire drawing, and other techniques to improve wire drawing are also important in order to suppress microcracks that occur on the wire surface during wire drawing or passing through the straightening roller. It is thought that. As a result of investigations by the present inventors, it has been found that, apart from these requirements, the variation in the pearlite nodule size on the surface of the wire drawing material greatly affects the generation of microcracks.
- the hot-rolled steel wire rods are wound in a coil shape, placed on a cooling conveyor, and cooled by air cooling or the like.
- the state of the coil on the cooling conveyor is shown in FIG.
- the steel wire rods are relatively densely overlapped (referred to as “dense part”) and relatively sparse (referred to as “sparse part”). A difference occurs in the cooling rate, and a difference occurs in the structure after cooling, which seems to adversely affect the spring workability.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the rolled material structure of high-strength spring steel and spring workability (drawing property, coiling property, SV property). As a result, by controlling the rolled material structure to a fine and uniform pearlite-based structure, the occurrence of microcracks during the wire drawing process is suppressed (that is, the wire drawing property is also improved). As a result, the coiling property and the SV It has been found that the property is also improved.
- the grain size variation of the structure the variation in the longitudinal direction, i.e., the coil dense portion / sparse portion, is larger than the variation in the wire cross section, and the influence on the spring workability is increased. It is important to reduce the directional tissue variation.
- the present inventors further examined the conditions for satisfying these requirements.
- the structure is mainly composed of pearlite, and the average value Pave of the pearlite nodule particle size number at a depth of 0.5 mm from the surface and the standard deviation P ⁇ thereof satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2), respectively.
- the present invention was completed. 8.0 ⁇ Pave ⁇ 12.0 (1) 0.0 ⁇ P ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 (2)
- the average value Pave of the pearlite nodule particle size number and its standard deviation P ⁇ are preferably 8.5 ⁇ Pave ⁇ 11.5 and 0.0 ⁇ P ⁇ ⁇ 0.4.
- tissue which has pearlite as a main body means the structure
- the procedure for producing a steel wire for high strength springs is as follows. First, a steel billet having a predetermined chemical composition is hot-rolled and processed into a desired wire diameter.
- the heating temperature at the time of rolling is not particularly limited, but processing at as low a temperature as possible is preferable from the viewpoint of refining the structure. However, when the temperature is lowered, the deformation resistance of the steel material increases and the equipment load increases. Therefore, the temperature is appropriately set according to the equipment owned.
- the heating temperature (steel billet heating temperature) at the time of hot rolling is about 950 to 1000 ° C.
- the steel wire after hot rolling is coiled and placed on the cooling conveyor.
- the temperature (placement temperature) at this time exceeds 1000 ° C., the structure becomes coarse, and when it becomes less than 750 ° C.
- the mounting temperature is set to 750 to 1000 ° C. in order to increase deformation resistance and cause poor packaging. This mounting temperature is preferably 775 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower.
- the pearlite transformation start temperature range if the temperature is too high, coarsening of the pearlite nodule size is promoted, and the drawing ratio (area reduction rate) of the rolled material becomes extremely bad. If the temperature is too low, overcooling occurs and partly Bainite and martensite are likely to occur. Therefore, the pearlite transformation start temperature range was set to 650 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower (preferably 670 ° C. or higher and 730 ° C. or lower).
- the dense part and the sparse part of the coil are cooled at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./second or more respectively, and the wire temperature when starting the slow cooling is in the range of 650 to 750 ° C. for both the dense part and the sparse part of the coil.
- the temperature difference between the dense part and the sparse part of the coil is controlled to be 50 ° C. or less.
- the standard deviation P ⁇ of the pearlite nodule size can be significantly improved.
- the region for starting slow cooling is usually performed by installing a slow cooling cover in that region, hereinafter, the slow cooling region is referred to as “in the slow cooling cover” and the slow cooling start position is set.
- slow cooling cover inlet sometimes called “slow cooling cover inlet”.
- the air volume of the cooling blower to the coil dense part and sparse part is adjusted respectively. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between the coil dense part and the sparse part on the entry side of the slow cooling region.
- the recommended cooling rate difference is 1.0 ° C./second or less, preferably 0.5 ° C./second or less. Since the cooling rate of the coil dense part and the sparse part varies depending on the rolling line speed, the conveyor speed, etc., it is necessary to set the air volume according to each rolling condition.
- the cooling rate V in the slow cooling cover is defined by the following equation (3), but the cooling rate V is preferably less than 1 ° C./second. In addition, it is about all the parts (a dense part and a sparse part are included) that the cooling rate V in a slow cooling cover must satisfy
- V (° C./second) (Tin ⁇ Tout)/t (3)
- Tin Steel wire temperature (° C.) on the entry side of the slow cooling region
- Tout Steel wire temperature (° C.) on the exit side of the slow cooling region
- t Residence time of the steel wire in the slow cooling region (seconds)
- the installation of the slow cooling cover as described above is also useful for suppressing temperature variation of the wire and preventing local tissue variation.
- the stay time in the slow cooling cover (slow cooling region stay time, slow cooling time) is too short, the slow cooling ends before the transformation is completed, and the subsequent cooling (usually water cooling) causes bainite or martensite. Since the overcooled structure such as a site may be generated, it is preferable to secure the stay time of 50 seconds or more.
- the steel wire rod for high-strength springs of the present invention needs to be appropriately adjusted in terms of its chemical component composition in order to exhibit the characteristics of the final product (high-strength spring).
- the reason for the range limitation by each component (element) in the chemical component composition is as follows.
- C is an element effective in increasing the strength and sag resistance after spring processing, and for that purpose, it is necessary to contain 0.4% or more. As the C content increases, the strength and sag resistance of the spring are improved. However, if the C content is excessive, the ductility and toughness are reduced.
- the preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.5% or more, and the preferable upper limit is 0.7% or less.
- Si is an element necessary for deoxidation of steel, and also exhibits an effect of increasing its strength by dissolving in ferrite. In order to exhibit these effects, it is necessary to contain 1.5% or more. However, when the Si content is excessive, in addition to reducing ductility and toughness, surface decarburization increases and fatigue characteristics are reduced, so it is necessary to make it 3.5% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the Si content is 1.7% or more (more preferably 1.8% or more), and the preferable upper limit is 3.0% or less (more preferably 2.5% or less).
- Mn 0.3 to 1.5%
- Mn is an element necessary for deoxidation of steel, and contributes to improvement of spring strength by improving hardenability. In order to exhibit these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.3% or more. However, if the Mn content is excessive, the transformation time becomes long and it becomes difficult to control the structure in hot rolling, so it is necessary to make it 1.5% or less.
- a preferable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.35% or more (more preferably 0.40% or more), and a preferable upper limit is 1.4% or less (more preferably 1.3% or less).
- Cr 0.03-0.4%
- Cr has the effect of improving the spring strength by causing secondary precipitation hardening during quenching / tempering treatment and strain relief annealing after coiling.
- it is necessary to contain 0.03% or more.
- the content needs to be 0.4% or less.
- it is 0.35% or less (more preferably 0.30% or less).
- the minimum with preferable Cr content is 0.05%, and a more preferable minimum is 0.10%.
- Al 0.005% or less
- Al is a deoxidizing element, but forms inclusions of Al2O3 and AlN in the steel. Since these inclusions significantly reduce the fatigue life of the spring, Al should be reduced as much as possible. From such a viewpoint, the Al content needs to be 0.005% or less. More preferably, it is 0.004% or less.
- the basic components in the steel wire for high-strength spring according to the present invention are as described above, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities (for example, P, S, etc.).
- V 0.5% or less (not including 0%)
- Nb 0.5% or less (not including 0%)
- Ni One or more selected from the group consisting of 2.0% or less (excluding 0%) and Mo: 0.5% or less (not including 0%)
- Cu 0.7% or less
- the reason for setting a preferable range of these elements is as follows.
- V 0.5% or less (not including 0%), Nb: 0.5% or less (not including 0%), Ni: 2.0% or less (not including 0%), and Mo: 0.0. 1 or more selected from the group consisting of 5% or less (excluding 0%)]
- V, Nb, Ni, and Mo all have the effect of improving the ductility and toughness of the spring and the wire, and the effect is exhibited by containing a predetermined amount of one or more of these.
- V has the effect of refining crystal grains in hot rolling and quenching / tempering treatments, and has the effect of increasing workability after rolling and improving the ductility and toughness of the spring.
- secondary precipitation hardening occurs during strain relief annealing after spring formation, contributing to improvement of spring strength.
- the V content is preferably 0.5% or less, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.45% or less (more preferably 0.40% or less).
- the minimum with preferable V content for exhibiting said effect effectively is 0.05% or more, More preferably, it is 0.06% or more (more preferably 0.07% or more).
- Nb also has the effect of refining crystal grains in hot rolling and quenching / tempering treatments, and has the effect of increasing workability after rolling and improving the ductility and toughness of the spring.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.5% or less, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.45% or less (more preferably 0.40% or less).
- the minimum with preferable Nb content for exhibiting said effect effectively is 0.05% or more, More preferably, it is 0.06% or more (more preferably 0.07% or more).
- Ni has the effect of increasing ductility and toughness after quenching and tempering. It also improves the corrosion resistance. However, if it is excessively contained, the hardenability increases, the transformation time becomes longer, and the structure control in hot rolling becomes difficult. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably 2.0% or less, and a more preferable upper limit is 1.9% or less (more preferably 1.8% or less). In addition, the minimum with preferable Ni content for exhibiting said effect effectively is 0.05% or more, More preferably, it is 0.10% or more (more preferably 0.15% or more).
- Mo has the effect of increasing ductility and toughness after quenching and tempering. In addition, it enhances hardenability and contributes to higher spring strength. However, excessive inclusion increases hardenability and makes it difficult to control the structure, and also increases the price of steel. Therefore, the Mo content is preferably 0.5% or less, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.45% or less (more preferably 0.40% or less). In addition, the minimum with preferable Mo content for exhibiting said effect effectively is 0.05% or more, More preferably, it is 0.10% or more (more preferably 0.15% or more).
- Cu 0.7% or less (excluding 0%)
- Cu has an effect of suppressing decarburization. It also contributes to improved corrosion resistance. However, if excessively contained, the hot ductility is lowered and there is a risk of cracking during hot rolling, so 0.7% or less is preferable.
- the preferable minimum when containing Cu is 0.05% or more, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.6% or less.
- B 0.01% or less (excluding 0%)
- B has an effect of improving ductility and toughness.
- the content is preferably 0.01% or less, more preferably 0.0080% or less (more preferably 0.0060% or less).
- the preferable lower limit when B is contained is 0.001% or more, more preferably 0.0015% or more (more preferably 0.0020% or more).
- the steel wire for high-strength springs of the present invention is assumed to have been hot-rolled, but this steel wire for high-strength springs is then formed into a high-strength spring by being spring processed. There is a spring that exhibits good characteristics.
- Example 1 After melting steel ingots having the chemical composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 below in a converter, this steel ingot is subjected to ingot rolling to produce a steel billet having a cross section of 155 mm ⁇ 155 mm and heated to 1000 ° C.
- Wire diameter Processed (hot rolled) into a round wire of 5.0 to 8.0 mm ⁇ .
- coils with a single weight of 2 ton were manufactured under the manufacturing conditions shown in Tables 3 and 4 below (Test Nos. 1-31), and their structure, mechanical properties, and spring workability (drawing property, coiling property, SV property) investigated. Adjustment of the cooling rate in Tables 3 and 4 was performed by adjusting the conveyor speed.
- one ring is cut out from the non-defective part terminal of each coil, and the sample obtained by dividing into 8 pieces in the circumferential direction (corresponding to 8 divisions in the longitudinal direction of the wire) as shown in FIG.
- a tensile test was performed, and the maximum tensile strength TS and the drawing value (reduction area) RA were measured.
- a pearlite nodule means a region in which ferrite crystal grains in a pearlite structure have the same orientation.
- the pearlite area ratio is embedded and polished in resin or the like at the position of the surface layer (4 fields of view), D / 4 (4 fields of view), and D / 2 (1 field of view) of the cross section of the hot-rolled wire (D is the diameter of the wire). Then, after carrying out chemical corrosion using picric acid, a structure photograph of 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m region at a magnification of 400 ⁇ was taken with an optical microscope at four locations where the crystal grain orientations made 90 ° to each other. The image was binarized using analysis software ("Image Pro Pro Plus" Media Media), and then the pearlite area ratio was determined, and the average value was calculated.
- the “total decarburized part” defined by 4 of JIS G 0558 was excluded from the measurement site.
- a structure having a pearlite area ratio of 90% or more is expressed as “P”, and when the pearlite area ratio is less than 90% and bainite or martensite is generated, it is expressed as “P + B” or “P + B + M”. .
- the P nodule size is measured in accordance with “Measurement of austenite grain size” described in JISJG 0551.
- the ferrite area ratio is 40% or less, the area of pro-eutectoid ferrite can be excluded.
- P nodule size can be measured.
- the average value Pave and the standard deviation P ⁇ were calculated.
- the wire drawability is that the coil after the SV process is annealed at 600 ° C for 3 hours, then pickled and bonded, and drawn to a surface reduction rate of 85% with a single pot wire drawing machine.
- the evaluation was based on the presence or absence of disconnection during wire drawing. A coil having no wire breakage was evaluated as having good drawability ( ⁇ ), and a coil having wire breakage was evaluated as having poor wire drawability (x).
- Coiling property was evaluated by the number of breaks (the number of self-winding winding breaks) when the self-winding winding was performed 1000 times on the wire after drawing. By observing the fracture surface, it was evaluated that the coil that did not break due to the microcrack had good coiling property, and the coil that had breakage that originated from the microcrack had poor coiling property (Tables 5 and 6 below) The number of breaks shown in (1) starts from microcracks).
- SV property was evaluated based on the presence or absence of disconnection in the SV process by performing a skinning process (SV process) without applying heat treatment to the coil.
- a coil having no disconnection was evaluated as having good SV characteristics ( ⁇ ), and a coil having a disconnection was evaluated as having poor SV characteristics (x).
- Test No. in Table 5 Examples Nos. 1 to 12 are examples satisfying the requirements defined in the present invention, test Nos. For those of 13-20, the chemical composition satisfies the range specified in the present invention (steel types A1, A2, C1, E1, G1, J1-J3), but the production conditions do not satisfy the requirements specified in the present invention.
- Example, Test No. Nos. 21 to 31 are those whose chemical composition is outside the range specified in the present invention (steel grades M to W).
- test no. Nos. 1 to 12 have a fine pearlite structure in which P nodules satisfy the requirements defined by the above formulas (1) and (2). Therefore, all of these steel wires are drawn, coiled, and SV. Good results have been obtained for both sexes.
- Test No. No. 13 since the mounting temperature after rolling is high, the crystal grains grow up to the slow cooling region (slow cooling cover inlet), the P nodule size of the rolled material is also rough, and the drawability and coiling properties are poor. It has become.
- Test No. No. 14 has insufficient cooling after placing, so the temperature of the coil dense part at the inlet of the slow cooling cover is high, crystal grains grow in the slow cooling cover, and the P nodule size of the rolled material is also coarse. The drawability is getting worse.
- Test No. No. 15 because the cooling after mounting was excessive, the temperature of the coil sparse part at the inlet of the slow cooling cover was low, bainite was partially generated before the inlet of the slow cooling cover, and disconnection occurred during the SV process .
- Test No. No. 16 has a slow cooling rate after placing, crystal grains grow up to the entrance of the slow cooling cover, and the P nodule size of the rolled material is also rough, and the wire drawing and coiling properties are poor.
- Test No. Nos. 17 and 18 have insufficient adjustment of the cooling rate of the coil dense part and the coil sparse part from the placement to the slow cooling cover inlet, and the difference in cooling rate is 2.0 ° C./second, 2.5 ° C./second. Therefore, since the temperature difference between the dense part and the sparse part at the entrance of the slow cooling cover is 70 ° C. and deviates from the regulations of the present invention, the standard deviation P ⁇ of the P nodule size becomes large and the coiling property is deteriorated.
- Test No. No. 19 does not have a pearlite single-phase structure because the cooling rate in the slow cooling cover is high, bainite is generated, and disconnection occurs during SV.
- Test No. No. 20 does not have a pearlite single-phase structure because the annealing time in the annealing cover is short, and bainite and martensite are generated, and disconnection occurs during SV.
- Test No. 21, 22, 25 to 27 are examples in which steel types (steel types M, N, Q, R, and S in Table 2) having an excessive content of each component (C, Si, Cr, V, Cu) are used. Yes, the wire drawing and coiling properties are poor.
- Test No. 23, 24, 28, 29, and 31 use steel types (steel types O, P, T, U, and W in Table 2) in which the content of each component (Mn, Ni, Mo, Nb, B) is excessive. For example, since the hardenability is improved, it does not become a pearlite single phase, but bainite and martensite are generated, and disconnection occurs during SV.
- Test No. No. 30 is an example in which a steel type with excessive Al content (steel type V in Table 2) is used. Inclusions such as AlN are generated, and coiling breakage starting from these inclusions occurs. It is getting worse.
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Abstract
Description
8.0≦Pave≦12.0 …(1)
0.0<Pσ≦0.5 …(2)
V(℃/秒)=(Tin-Tout)/t …(3)
但し、Tin:徐冷領域入り側における鋼線材温度(℃)、Tout:徐冷領域出側における鋼線材温度(℃)、t:鋼線材の徐冷領域滞在時間(秒)
8.0≦Pave≦12.0 …(1)
0.0<Pσ≦0.5 …(2)
V(℃/秒)=(Tin-Tout)/t …(3)
但し、Tin:徐冷領域入り側における鋼線材温度(℃)、Tout:徐冷領域出側における鋼線材温度(℃)、t:鋼線材の徐冷領域滞在時間(秒)
Cは、ばね加工後の強度・耐へたり性の上昇に有効な元素であり、そのためには0.4%以上含有させる必要がある。C含有量の増加に伴ってばねの強度・耐へたり性は向上するが、過剰になると延性・靱性が低下するため、0.8%以下とする必要がある。C含有量の好ましい下限は0.5%以上であり、好ましい上限は0.7%以下である。
Siは、鋼の脱酸のために必要な元素であり、またフェライト中に固溶してその強度を高める効果も発揮する。これらの効果を発揮させるためには、1.5%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、Si含有量が過剰になると、延性・靱性を低下させる他、表面の脱炭が増加して疲労特性を低下させるため、3.5%以下とする必要がある。Si含有量の好ましい下限は1.7%以上(より好ましくは1.8%以上)であり、好ましい上限は3.0%以下(より好ましくは2.5%以下)である。
MnもSiと同様に、鋼の脱酸のために必要な元素であり、また焼入れ性を高めてばね強度の向上に貢献する。これらの効果を発揮させるためには、0.3%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、Mn含有量が過剰になると、変態時間が長時間化して熱間圧延での組織制御を困難にするため、1.5%以下とする必要がある。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.35%以上(より好ましくは0.40%以上)であり、好ましい上限は1.4%以下(より好ましくは1.3%以下)である。
Crは、焼入れ・焼戻し処理、およびコイリング後の歪み取り焼鈍時に二次析出硬化を起こしてばね強度を向上させる効果がある。この効果を発揮させるためには、0.03%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、Crの含有量が過剰になると延性・靱性を低下させ、コイリング性を低下させるため、その含有量は0.4%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.35%以下(より好ましくは0.30%以下)である。尚、上記の効果を発揮させるためには、Cr含有量の好ましい下限は0.05%であり、より好ましい下限は0.10%である。
Alは、脱酸元素であるが、鋼中でAl2O3やAlNの介在物を形成する。これらの介在物は、ばねの疲労寿命を著しく低減させるため、Alは極力低減すべきである。こうした観点から、Al含有量は0.005%以下とする必要がある。より好ましくは0.004%以下とするのが良い。
V、Nb、NiおよびMoは、いずれもばねや線材の延性・靱性を向上する効果があり、これらの1種以上を所定量含有させることによって、その効果が発揮される。
Cuは脱炭を抑制する効果がある。また、耐腐食性の向上にも寄与する。しかしながら、過剰に含有させると熱間延性を低下させ、熱間圧延時に割れを生じる危険があるため、0.7%以下とすることが好ましい。尚、Cuを含有させるときの好ましい下限は0.05%以上であり、より好ましい上限は0.6%以下である。
Bは延性・靱性を向上する作用がある。しかしながら、過剰に含有させるとFeとBの複合化合物が析出し、熱間圧延時の割れを引き起こすため、0.01%以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.0080%以下(更に好ましくは0.0060%以下)である。尚、Bを含有させるときの好ましい下限は0.001%以上であり、より好ましいくは0.0015%以上(更に好ましくは0.0020%以上)である。
下記表1、2に示す化学成分組成の鋼塊を転炉で溶製した後、この鋼塊を分塊圧延して断面が155mm×155mmの鋼ビレットを作製し、1000℃に加熱した後、線径:5.0~8.0mmφの丸線に加工(熱間圧延)した。次いで、下記表3、4に示した製造条件で単重2tonのコイルを製造し(試験No.1~31)、それらの組織・機械特性・ばね加工性(伸線性、コイリング性、SV性)を調査した。表3,4における冷却速度の調整は、コンベア速度を調整することにより行った。
Claims (7)
- 熱間圧延後の鋼線材であり、C:0.4~0.8%(「質量%」の意味、化学成分組成について以下同じ)、Si:1.5~3.5%、Mn:0.3~1.5%、Cr:0.03~0.4%およびAl:0.005%以下を夫々含有し、残部が鉄および不可避不純物からなり、パーライト面積率が90%以上である組織であり、且つ表面から0.5mm深さにおけるパーライトノジュールの粒度番号の平均値Paveおよびその標準偏差Pσが、夫々下記(1)式、(2)式を満足することを特徴とするばね加工性に優れた高強度ばね用鋼線材。
8.0≦Pave≦12.0 …(1)
0.0<Pσ≦0.5 …(2) - 更に、V:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、Nb:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、Ni:2.0%以下(0%を含まない)およびMo:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の高強度ばね用鋼線材。
- 更に、Cu:0.7%以下(0%を含まない)を含有する請求項1に記載の高強度ばね用鋼線材。
- 更に、B:0.01%以下(0%を含まない)を含有する請求項1に記載の高強度ばね用鋼線材。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度ばね用鋼線材を製造する方法であって、熱間圧延後の鋼線材を載置温度:750~1000℃としてコイル状に巻き取った後、冷却コンベア上にて1℃/秒以上の冷却速度で750℃以下の温度まで急速且つ均一に線材を冷却し、引き続き行う徐冷の開始温度を、コイルの密部と疎部のいずれも650~750℃の範囲内で、且つコイルの密部と疎部の温度差を50℃以下となるようにして、
前記徐冷する領域において、下記(3)式で規定される冷却速度Vを1℃/秒未満とすることを特徴とする高強度ばね用鋼線材の製造方法。
V(℃/秒)=(Tin-Tout)/t …(3)
但し、Tin:徐冷領域入り側における鋼線材温度(℃)、Tout:徐冷領域出側における鋼線材温度(℃)、t:鋼線材の徐冷領域滞在時間(秒) - 前記鋼線材の徐冷領域滞在時間tを50秒以上とする請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度ばね用鋼線材から得られた高強度ばね。
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JP2013185203A (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
CN104145037B (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
EP2824205A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
BR112014021227A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
KR101660616B1 (ko) | 2016-09-27 |
MX354426B (es) | 2018-03-05 |
CN104145037A (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
KR20140120935A (ko) | 2014-10-14 |
EP2824205A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
MX2014010659A (es) | 2014-10-13 |
JP5796781B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
EP2824205B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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