JP2018154614A - Opglへの抗体 - Google Patents
Opglへの抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018154614A JP2018154614A JP2017247287A JP2017247287A JP2018154614A JP 2018154614 A JP2018154614 A JP 2018154614A JP 2017247287 A JP2017247287 A JP 2017247287A JP 2017247287 A JP2017247287 A JP 2017247287A JP 2018154614 A JP2018154614 A JP 2018154614A
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Abstract
Description
組換えDNA、オリグヌクレオチド合成並びに組織培養および形質転換(例えば、電気穿孔法、リポ移入)用の標準的技術を用いることができる。酵素的反応および精製技術を、製造者の仕様に従って、または当分野で一般的に行われるように、もしくはここで記載のように行うことができる。前記技術および手順は、通常、当分野で良く知られている従来法に従って、また、本明細書全体において引用および記載されている種々の一般的およびより具体的な引例に記載のように行うことができる。例えば、Sambrookら著、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(第2版、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、Cold Spring Harbor、N.Y.(1989年))が参照され、ここで任意の目的のために参考として取り込まれる。特定の定義が無い限り、分析化学、合成有機化学および医学および薬学的化学に関して利用される命名法およびその実験室的手順および技術は、当分野においてよく知られていると共に一般的に用いられるものである。化学的合成、化学的分析、薬学的調製、処方、および送達、および患者の治療用の標準的技術を用いてよい。
ここで用いられる「単離ポリヌクレオチド」という用語は、ゲノム、cDNA、または合成起源またはそれらの組み合わせのポリヌクレオチドを意味し、その起源に依り、その「単離ポリヌクレオチド」は、(1)「単離ポリヌクレオチド」が天然に見られるポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を伴わず、(2)天然には結合していないポリヌクレオチドに結合している、または(3)より大きな配列の一部として天然に存在しない。
アルゴリズム:Needlemanら著、J.Mol.Biol.、第48巻:443〜453頁(1970年);
比較マトリクス:Henikoffら著、前掲書(1992年)からのBLOSUM62
ギャップ・ペナルティ:12
ギャップ・レングス・ペナルティ:4
類似性の閾値:0
2)中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
5)鎖方向付けに影響する残基:Gly、Pro;および
6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
天然に存在する抗体の構造単位は、典型的に、四量体を含む。各々のそのようなテトラマーは、典型的に、二つの同一対のポリペプチド鎖を含み、各対は一つの全長L鎖(ある実施形態において、約25kDa)と一つの全長H鎖(ある実施形態において、約50kDaから70kDa)を有する。各鎖のアミノ末端部分は、典型的に抗原認識を担当する約100〜110またはそれ以上のアミノ酸の可変領域を典型的に含む。各鎖のカルボキシ末端部分は、エフェクター機能を担当し得る定常領域を典型的に規定する。ヒトL鎖は、典型的に、κおよびλL鎖とに分類される。H鎖は、典型的に、μ、δ、γ、αまたはεと分類され、それぞれIgM、IgD、IgG、IgAおよびIgEとして抗体アイソタイプを定義する。IgGは、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3およびIgG4を含む幾つかのサブクラスを有するが、これらに制限されない。IgMは、IgM1およびIgM2を含むサブクラスを有するが、これらに限定されない。IgAは同様にIgA1およびIgA2を含むサブクラスに下位分割されるが、これらに限定されない。全長L鎖およびH鎖中では、典型的に、可変領域と定常領域が、約12以上のアミノ酸からなる「J」領域により連結され、H鎖は、約10以上のアミノ酸からなる「D」領域も含む。例えば、Fundamental Immunology 第7章(Paul,W.編、第2版、Raven Press、N.Y.(1989年))を参照されたい(全ての目的のために、その全体を参考のために取り入れる)。各L/H鎖対からなる可変領域は、典型的に、抗原結合部位を形成する。
二重特異的または二重機能的抗体は、典型的には、二つの異なるH/L鎖対と二つの異なる結合部位を有する人工的ハイブリッド抗体である。二重特異的抗体は、限定はされないがハイブリドーマの融合またはFab’断片の結合を含む種々の方法により製造することができる。例えば、Songsivilai & Lachmann Clin.Exp.Immunol.第79巻:315〜321頁(1990年)、Kostelnyら著、J.Immunol.第148巻:1547〜1553頁(1992年)を参照のこと。
ある実施形態によれば、OPGLに特異的に結合する特定の抗体が本発明に含まれる。ある実施形態において、全長OPGL、OPGLの可溶性形態、またはその断片を用いて免疫化することにより抗体を製造することができる。ある実施形態において、本発明の抗体はポリクローナルまたはモノクローナル、および/または組換え抗体であってよい。ある実施形態において、本発明の抗体は、例えば、ヒト型抗体を生成することができるトランスジェニック動物の免疫化により調製されるヒト型抗体である(例えば、PCT公開出願番号WO93/12227参照)。
骨粗鬆症、例えば、原発性骨粗鬆症、内分泌性骨粗鬆症(甲状腺機能亢進症、副甲状腺機能亢進症、クッシング症候群および先端巨大症が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)、骨粗鬆症の遺伝性および先天性型(骨形成不全症、ホモシスチン尿症、メンケズ症候群、ライリー−ダイ症候群が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)、および端部の不動化による骨粗鬆症(これらに限定されない);
成人および若年者における骨のページェット病(変性性骨炎);
骨髄炎、すなわち、骨損失につながる、骨における感染性病変;
高カルシウム血症、例えば、充実性腫瘍(乳、肺および腎臓を含むがこれらに限定されない)および血液悪性病変(多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫および白血病を含むがこれらに限定されない)から生じる高カルシウム血症、特発性高カルシウム血症、および甲状腺機能亢進症および腎機能障害に関わる高カルシウム血症(これらに限定されない);
骨減少症、例えば、手術に続く骨減少症、ステロイド投与により誘発される骨減少症、小腸および大腸の疾患に関わる骨減少症、および慢性肝臓および腎臓疾患に関わる骨減少症(これらに限定されない);
骨壊死、すなわち、骨細胞死であって、外傷に関わる骨壊死、ゴーシェ病に関わる骨壊死、鎌状赤血球貧血に関わる骨壊死、全身性エリテマトーデスに関わる骨壊死、リューマチ性関節炎に関わる骨壊死、歯周病に関わる骨壊死、骨溶解性転移に関わる骨壊死、および他の症状に関わる骨壊死(これらに限定されない);および
リューマチ性関節炎に関わる軟骨の損失および関節侵食。
全長ヒトOPGL cDNAを発現するCHO細胞を用いて、ヒトイムノグロブリン遺伝子を含むトランスジェニックマウスを免疫する。免疫されたマウスからのリンパ節をネズミ骨髄腫細胞に融合させてハイブリドーマを発生させる。ハイブリドーマ系統からの上澄みを、ヒトOPGLと反応する抗体についてELISAアッセイにおいて試験する。抗OPGL発現ハイブリドーマ系統AMG6.5、AMG6.4およびAMG6.1は、OPGLに対する高い親和性を有する抗体を発現することがわかり(Kdがそれぞれ0.28nM、0.29nMおよび0.23nM)、AMG6.5をクローニングのために選択する。AMG6.5およびAMG6.4からのH鎖およびL鎖cDNAクローンは同一であり、AMG6.5を用いて、αOPGL−1 L鎖cDNAをクローン化し、AMG6.4を用いて、αOPGL−1 H鎖cDNAをクローン化する。
AMG6.5全RNA調製される第1のストランドcDNAから、PCR増幅方法を用いて、αOPGL−1κL鎖可変領域を得る。第1のストランドcDNAは、拡張5’−アダプタ(5’−GGCCGGATAGGCCTCACNNNNNNT−3’(配列番号15)を有するランダムプライマーおよび材料を用い、Gibco SuperScript II(登録商標)Preamplification System for First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit(カタログ番号18089−011)により提供される方法を使用して、AMG6.5全RNAから調製する。PCRには以下のオリゴヌクレオチドを用いる:
5’κRACEプライマー:
5’−GAT GAC CCA GTC TCC AGC CAC CCT G−3’(配列番号5)
3’κRACEプライマー:
5’−AAG GGT CAG AGG CCA AAG GAT GG−3’(配列番号6)
αOPGL−1 IgG2 H鎖を、Clontech Marathon(登録商標)cDNA Amplification Kit(カタログ番号K1802−1)を用いて作製したAMG6.4ハイブリドーマ二本鎖cDNAからクローニングする。AMG6.4H鎖cDNAの増幅は、ヒト生殖細胞系IgG2 H鎖定常領域即位的プライマー(図示せず)およびRACEプライマーおよび他の材料ならびにMarathon(登録商標)cDNA増幅キットで提供される方法を用いて行われるcDNA末端(RACE)技術の5’および3’迅速増幅により達成される。
5’−GGC ACG GTC ACC ACG CTG CTG AG−3’(配列番号9)
3’−IgG2 RACEプライマー
5’−CCT CCA CCA AGG GCC CAT TGG TCT−3’(配列番号10)
αOPGL−1抗体の安定発現を、ジヒドロフォレートリダクターゼ欠損(DHFR−)チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞(CHO AM−1/D、米国特許第6,210,924号)中へのαOPGL−1−κ/pDSRα19およびαOPGL−1−IgG2/pDSRα19プラスミドの共形質移入およびその後の個々のクローンの単離および試験により達成する。
細胞系125Qの調製および形成
αOPGL−1を生成するCHO細胞を、血清非含有条件下に96ウエルプレート中で2回限界希釈することによりクローニングする。クローンを、種々の懸濁容器中での生成および成長特性に基づいて選択する。EIAを行って、最高水準のαOPGL−1を生成するクローンを選択する。次に、倍加時間および密度を含む成長特性を、100ml、250ml、500ml、1L、および3Lのスピナフラスコ中、および3LのAplikon生物反応容器中でクローンを成長させることにより測定する。培地中で最高密度を達成する倍加時間が最も速いクローンを選択し、Cell Line 125Qとする。クローンが拡張して、約1×107cells/mLで360個のアンプルを凍結するのに充分な細胞を作製し、細胞を低温保存用の血清非含有培地(10ml/L可欠アミノ酸および10ml/L L−グルタミン(Gibco/LTI/Invitrogen)を付加した90% VM−Soy Batch Medium(詳細は表3を参照)、および10%ジメチルスルホキシド(JT Baker))中に再懸濁し凍結する。アンプルを、接触制限装置中に貯蔵し、液体窒素デューア瓶中の液体窒素に漬ける。
αOPGL−1−κ/pDSRα19およびαOPGL−1−IgG2/pDSRα19からαOPGL−1を発現するCHO細胞のクローン系であるCell Line125Q中で発現することによりαOPGL−1を生産する。αOPGL−1用の細胞培養プロセスを図19に示す。各生産ランについて、Cell Line125Qのバイアルからの細胞を、先ず、125mlエルレンマイエルシェーカー中で10ml/L非必須アミノ酸と10ml/L L−グルタミン(Gibco/LTI/Invitrogen)(VM−Soy Supp)を補足したVM−Soy Batch Medium(組成については表3を参照)50ml中で100rpmで5日間成長させる。次に、培地全体を用いて500mlスピナフラスコ中のVM−Soy Suppに接種して3×105バイアル細胞/ml(3E5 vc/ml)とし、70rpmで3日から4日間回転させつつ成長させる。次に、500mlスピナフラスコからの培地全体を用いて、3Lスピナフラスコ中のVM−Soy Suppに接種して3E5 vc/mlとし、70rpmで3日から4日間回転させつつ成長させる。
全細胞培養プロセスを通して用いるための細胞培養培地は、Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium/Ham’s Nutrient F12(DMEM/F12、1:1)に基づき、補足水準のアミノ酸、さらなる栄養および塩、大豆加水分解物および組換えヒトインスリン(Nucellin(登録商標)Zn、Eli Lilly)を含む。成分を表3に列挙する。この培地をVM−Soyと呼ぶ。培地溶液を、使用前に0.2μm孔寸法の薄膜フィルターを通して濾過する。
CHO細胞中に発現されたαOPGL−1は、細胞外培地中に分泌される。一連の工程を用いて純粋な物質を生産することができる。このプロセスは、疎水性電荷誘導、カチオン交換、および低pH工程およびバイアルフィルターを用いる疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィーを用いる。これらの手順を以下に記載する。
このクロマトグラフィー工程は、大部分の宿主細胞蛋白およびDNAを除去する。濃縮培養上清(CCM)を、Cuno 30SPフィルター、次にCuno VR07荷電セルロース系フィルターを通して濾過し、次に、MEPHyperCel樹脂上に乗せる。負荷後、カラムを、平衡緩衝液(20mM Tris pH7.2)で洗う。抗体を、低pH緩衝液(20mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0)を用いて樹脂から溶離する。カラムから溶離されると、生産物を、カラム溶出液の280nmでの吸収に基づいて集める。
MEPプールを、pH3.7まで滴定し、約60分間保持して汚染の可能性あるレトロウイルスを不活化する。保持工程に続いて、pHを約6.0に調節する。
pH調節したプールを、Millipore Viresolve NFRフィルターまたは同等物を通して濾過する。抗体がフィルターを通過し、汚染可能性ウイルス50nmより大は維持される。
抗体を、SP Sepharose HP(Amersham Pharmacia)または同等物を用いるカチオン交換クロマトグラフィーによりさらに精製する。カチオン交換クロマトグラフィー工程は、さらなるCHO細胞蛋白、DNA、低分子量蛋白、およびαOPGL−1の凝集形状を除去する。ウイルス濾過プールを、カチオン交換樹脂上に負荷する。負荷後、カラムを平衡緩衝液(20mM NaMES pH6.2)で洗う。次に、抗体を、塩が増加するリニアグラジエント(20mM NaMES pH6.2、0M NaCl〜20mM NaMES pH6.2、0.3M NaCl)で溶離する。カラムから溶離すると、カラム溶出液の280nmでの吸収に基づき生産物を集める。
抗体は、Phenyl Toyopearl 650S(Tosoh Biosep)または同等物を用いる疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィーによりさらに精製される。疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー工程は、仕上げ工程として用いられ、さらなるCHO細胞蛋白、DNA、低分子量蛋白および、αOPGL−1の凝集形を除去する。カチオン交換プールを条件付けしてから、15℃から25℃で硫酸アンモニウムを添加して105mS/cmを超える導電性にすることによりカラムに負荷する。負荷後、カラムを平衡緩衝液(1M リン酸カリウム pH8)で洗う。次に、抗体を、塩濃度が減少するリニアグラジエント(1Mリン酸カリウム、0mM Tris pH8〜0Mリン酸カリウム、20mM Tris pH8)で溶離する。カラムから溶離すると、カラム溶出液の280nmでの吸収に基づき生成物を集める。
HICカラムプールを濃縮し、50kD NMWL薄膜(Millipore Biomax 50)を用いて接線フロー限外濾過により製剤緩衝液中にダイアフィルトレーションする。製剤緩衝席は、10mM酢酸塩、5%ソルビトール、pH5.2およびαOPGL−1を30mg/mLで含む。
精製されたバルクを、0.22μm PVDFフィルター(Millipore)を通し、サンプルを得、固定冷凍器において約−30℃で貯蔵する。
実施例1および2に記載のように二つの発現ベクターを形質移入したCHO細胞中において生産された抗体を、以下の実施例4、5および6において用いることができる。
破骨細胞形成の阻害
RAW264.7(ATCC No.TIB−71、Manassas、VA)は、Abelsonネズミ白血病ウイルス誘発腫瘍から誘導されたネズミマクロファージ細胞系である。RAW264.7細胞は、OPGLの存在下に、破骨細胞様細胞に分化する。OPGLの存在下におけるRAW細胞からの培養中の破骨細胞の生成についての基本的アッセイが、Simonetら著(1997年)Cell第89巻、309頁およびLaceyら著(1998年)Cell第93巻、165頁に詳細に記載されており、これを任意の目的のために参照してここに組み込まれる。
αOPGL−1の性能を、OPGリガンドの、その同族受容体である、破骨細胞分化および活性化受容体(ODAR、RNAKとしても知られている)への結合を阻害する性能により示す。このアッセイは、均質時間分解蛍光共鳴(HTRF)を用いて、ユーロピウム結合オステオプロテゲリンリガンド(Eu−OPGL)へのαOPGL−1の結合を検出する。αOPGL−1が、ODARへのEu−OPGLの結合を阻害すると、蛍光出力は減少し、存在するαOPGL−1の量は、蛍光量と逆相関する。
4.5歳以下で2kgから4kgの6匹の雄および6匹の雌のカニクイザルを、四つの投与群に割り当てる。第1群は3匹の雄と3匹の雌からなる。第2、第3および第4群は、各々、1匹の雄と1匹の雌からなる。第1群の動物は、1mg/kg αOPGL−1の単一SC投与量を投与し、第2、第3および第4群の動物は、それぞれ0.1、1.0または10.0mg/kg αOPGL−1の単一IV投与量を投与する。
Claims (29)
- H鎖は配列番号2で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含み、L鎖は配列番号4で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- H鎖は配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む可変領域を含み、L鎖は配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む可変領域を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- H鎖とL鎖とを可撓性リンカーにより接続して一本鎖抗体を形成する、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- 一本鎖Fv抗体である、請求項3に記載の抗体。
- Fab抗体である、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- Fab’抗体である、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- (Fab’)2抗体である、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- 完全ヒト型である、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- OPGLの、破骨細胞分化および活性化受容体(ODAR)への結合を阻害する、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号2で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含むH鎖。
- 配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含むH鎖。
- 配列番号4で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含むL鎖。
- 配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含むL鎖。
- H鎖は配列番号2で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- H鎖は配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む可変領域を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- L鎖は配列番号4で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- L鎖は配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列またはその断片を含む可変領域を含む、H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。
- (a)H鎖は第1の可変領域を含み、第1の可変領域は、配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有する配列を含み、
(b)L鎖は第2の可変領域を含み、第2の可変領域は、配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有する配列を含み、および
(c)抗体が、オステオプロテゲリンリガンド(OPGL)と相互反応する、
H鎖およびL鎖を含む抗体。 - 第1の可変領域が、配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも95%の同一性を有する配列を含み、第2の可変領域が、配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも95%の同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項18に記載の抗体。
- 第1の可変領域が、配列番号13で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも99%の同一性を有する配列を含み、第2の可変領域が、配列番号14で示すアミノ酸配列に少なくとも99%の同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項18に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1から9または14から20のいずれかに記載の抗体を含んでなる医薬組成物。
- 骨形態発生因子、形質転換成長因子−β(TGF−β)、インターロイキン−1(IL−1)阻害因子、IL−1ra、キネレト(Kineret)(登録商標)、TNFα阻害因子、可溶性TNFα受容体、エンブレル(Enbrel)(登録商標)、抗−TNFα抗体、レミケード(Remicade)(登録商標)、D2E7抗体、副甲状腺ホルモン、副甲状腺ホルモン類似体、副甲状腺ホルモン関連蛋白、副甲状腺ホルモン関連蛋白類似体、プロスタグランジン、ビスホスホネート、アレンドロネート、フッ化物、カルシウム、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)、COX−2阻害因子、セレブレックス(Celebrex)(登録商標)、ビオックス(Vioxx)(登録商標)、免疫抑制薬、メトトレキセート、レフルノミド、セリンプロテアーゼ阻害因子、分泌性白血球プロテアーゼ阻害因子(SLPI)、IL−6阻害因子、IL−6への抗体、IL−8阻害因子、IL−8への抗体、IL−18阻害因子、IL−18結合性蛋白、IL−18抗体、インターロイキン−1転化酵素(ICE)調節因子、線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)、FGF調節因子、PAF拮抗薬、ケラチノサイト成長因子(KGF)、KGF−関連分子、KGF調節因子、マトリクスメタロプロテアーゼ(MMP)調節因子、一酸化窒素シンターゼ(NOS)調節因子、グルココルチコイド受容体の調節因子、グルタメート受容体の調節因子、リポ多糖類(LPS)水準の調節因子、ノルアドレナリン、ノルアドレナリン模倣体およびノルアドレナリン調節因子から選択される少なくとも一つの治療剤をさらに含む、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 上記少なくとも一つの治療剤が、キネレト(Kineret)(登録商標)、エンブレル(Enbrel)(登録商標)、レミケード(Remicade)(登録商標)、D2E7抗体およびメトトレキセートから選択される、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- サンプルを、請求項2の抗体に接触させることを含んでなる、生物学的サンプル中のOPGLの水準を検出する方法。
- 請求項21の医薬組成物を投与することを含んでなる、患者の骨減少疾患を治療する方法。
- 請求項22の医薬組成物を投与することを含んでなる、患者の骨減少疾患を治療する方法。
- 請求項22の医薬組成物を投与することを含んでなる、患者の骨損失を伴う炎症性症状を治療する方法。
- 請求項22の医薬組成物を投与することを含んでなる、患者の骨損失を伴う自己免疫症状を治療する方法。
- 請求項22の医薬組成物を投与することを含んでなる、患者のリューマチ性関節炎を治療する方法。
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