CN106757773B - 一种抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布及其织造方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布及其织造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布及其织造方法,包括30‑40重量份的抗菌除臭纤维、60‑70重量份的丙纶纤维,抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维混合后经梳理和交叉铺网后形成混纺纤维网;阻燃纤维经梳理和交叉铺网后形成阻燃纤维网;导电长丝上下表面分别为混纺纤维网、阻燃纤维网,混纺纤维网、导线长丝、阻燃纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加形成复合纤维网,复合纤维网经过针刺加固形成针刺非针织布,工艺流程短,制造简单,防静电和防臭的效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造布技术领域,尤其涉及抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布及其织造的方法。
背景技术
随着人们健康、环保意识的提升,对于纺织品的追求已不仅仅局限于其耐用性,而更注重其功能性。抗菌除臭、阻燃、防静电是纺织品的三大重要性能,一些家居装饰用织物、汽车船舶内装饰织物等都特别强调此功能性。近年来,多功能非织造布以其低廉的价格、优良的性能深受大众青睐,已被广泛应用于家居织物、装饰用壁纸、桌布、座椅床垫罩布、车饰织物等。目前市面上出现的功能性非织造布多采用在非织造布基材上涂层或浸轧一种或几种功能性整理剂,来获得抗菌、阻燃、防静电等功能性特征。但此类非织造布存在以下缺点:
(1)大多数非织造布具备的功能性单一,仅具备某一方面的功能;
(2)浸轧方法一般采用水溶液,同浴中只能配制性能相近的功能性整理剂,多功能整理难度大,使获得的非织造布产品功能多样性受限,且织物的透气性能差;
(3)在织物表面涂层功能性整理剂,此种方法的整理剂只能停留在织物表面,难以渗透到织物内部,在长期使用过程中整理剂容易流失,使功能失效。
发明内容
本发明提供一种织造方法简单、同时抗菌、阻燃、防静效果好的织造布及其制备方法,实现上述目的的技术方案如下:
(1)抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维的开松混合及梳理铺网:将不同重量份数的抗菌除臭纤维原料和丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合形成混合纤维料;再将混合均匀的混合纤维料在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,形成混纺纤维网;
(2)阻燃纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的阻燃纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,形成阻燃纤维网;
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行位置,导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,以3cm间距等距排列,并随纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:抗菌除臭纤维与丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网在上层、导电长丝在中层、阻燃纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定强力的针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型使其获得一定的尺寸;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
本发明通过多种功能性纤维的混纺,实现非织造布的抗菌、阻燃及防静电性能,实现了非织造布的抗菌、阻燃及防静电性能,由于纤维的功能性是纤维自身具备的,因此功能性和而非织造布的寿命等同,避免了通过浸轧和涂层整理得到的功能性保持时间有限的缺点。
附图说明
图1为本发明织造流程示意图
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种中间层为纵向等距排列的导电长丝,表面层为抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网,底层为阻燃纤维网,三层纤维网在梳棉机梳理成网并进行交叉铺网后直接叠加复合再通过针刺加固而制成非织造布,主要解决了现有功能性非织造布功能多样性受限、功能持续时间有限,制造工艺繁杂的问题,制造工艺简单,实用性强。本发明中使用到的设备混棉机、开包机、梳棉机、交叉铺网机、针刺机、退绕架等设备采用现有设备即可。
下面结合附图对本发明做详细的说明。
图中,纤维原料I为丙纶短纤;纤维原料II为抗菌除臭纤维或抗菌除臭短纤,抗菌除臭短纤可以是甲壳素纤维、纳米银离子纤维、竹炭纤维等具有抗菌除臭性能的纤维;纤维原料III为阻燃纤维,例如芳砜纶纤维、阻燃粘胶纤维、阻燃涤纶纤维等具有阻燃性能的纤维;导电长丝采用以金属氧化物为导电介质制成的涤纶基白色导电长丝。抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布中,抗菌除臭纤维占有30-40重量份,丙纶纤维占有60-70重量份,其中,抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维混合后经梳理和交叉铺网后形成混纺纤维网
上述三种三维通过下述步骤形成抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布的制造过程:
(1)抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维的开松混合及梳理铺网:将不同重量份的抗菌除臭纤维原料和丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合,形成混合纤维料。纤维在松散的状态下能够充分混合,避免混合不均匀的缺陷;之后再将混合均匀的混合纤维料在梳棉设备(例如梳棉机,下同)上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网设备(例如交叉铺网机,下同)上进行交叉铺网,形成混纺纤维网,基于抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维的原料特性,混纺纤维网形成抗菌除臭混纺层;
(2)阻燃纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,形成阻燃纤维网;阻燃纤维在松散的状态下能够均匀的在梳棉设备,例如梳棉机上成网。
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行的位置,这样纤维在移动的过程中能够同步移动,织造的布料光滑、均匀。涤纶基白色导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,每根导电长丝之间以3cm间距等距排列,并随混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:抗菌除臭纤维与丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网在上层、涤纶基导电长丝在中层、阻燃纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加形成复合纤维网,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过针刺机的预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定强力的针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型,使其获得一定稳定性的尺寸;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
下面再通过具体的实施方法来介绍本发明的织造步骤:
实施例一
抗菌除臭纤维采用甲壳素纤维,甲壳素纤维和丙纶纤维进行混纺,阻燃纤维采用阻燃粘胶纤维:
(1)抗菌除臭甲壳素纤维和丙纶纤维的开松混合及梳理铺网:将重量份为30份的甲壳素纤维原料和70份的丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合;再将混合均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,混纺纤维网的重量为40g/m2;
(2)阻燃粘胶纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃粘胶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,阻燃纤维网的重量为40g/m2;
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行位置,涤纶基白色导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,以3cm间距等距排列,并随纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:甲壳素纤维与丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网在上层、涤纶基导电长丝在中层、阻燃粘胶纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定的强力针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型使其获得一定稳定性的尺寸;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
本实施例生产的功能性非织造布,经过检测:抗菌除臭混纺层对大肠杆菌的抗菌率为42%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率为40%;阻燃粘胶层的极限氧指数为32%;在干燥的环境中使用不容易产生静电,且吸湿透气,舒适感佳,可用于座椅罩布、被褥枕套中填充物的内层罩布等。
实施例二
抗菌除臭纤维采用纳米银离子纤维,纳米银离子纤维和丙纶纤维进行混纺,阻燃纤维采用阻燃芳砜纶纤维:
(1)抗菌除臭纳米银离子纤维和丙纶纤维的开松混合及梳理铺网:将重量份35份的纳米银离子纤维原料和65份的丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合;再将混合均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,混纺纤维网的重量为50g/m2;
(2)阻燃芳砜纶纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃芳砜纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,阻燃纤维网的重量为50g/m2;
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行位置,涤纶基白色导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,以3cm间距等距排列,并随纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:纳米银离子纤维与丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网在上层、涤纶基导电长丝在中层、阻燃芳砜纶纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定的强力针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型使其获得一定稳定性的尺寸;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
本实施例生产的功能性非织造布,经试验检测:抗菌除臭混纺层对大肠杆菌的抗菌率为77%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率为77%;阻燃层的芳砜纶纤维没有熔点,在400℃以上高温下分解,但不熔融,离焰后立即自熄,无阴燃或余燃现象;含导电长丝具有优异的防静电功能,可用于制作床垫布、桌布等。
实施例三
抗菌除臭纤维采用竹炭纤维,竹炭纤维和丙纶纤维进行混纺,阻燃纤维采用阻燃涤纶纤维:
(1)抗菌除臭竹炭纤维和丙纶纤维的开松混合及梳理铺网:将重量份40份的竹炭纤维原料和60份的丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合;再将混合均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,混纺纤维网的重量为60g/m2;
(2)阻燃涤纶纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃涤纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网,阻燃纤维网的重量为60g/m2;
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行位置,涤纶基白色导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,以3cm间距等距排列,并随纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:竹炭纤维与丙纶纤维的混纺纤维网在上层、涤纶基导电长丝在中层、阻燃涤纶纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过针刺机的预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定的强力针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型使其获得一定的尺寸稳定性;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
本实施例生产的功能性非织造布,将试验、检测:抗菌除臭混纺层对大肠杆菌的抗菌率为36%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率为38%;阻燃涤纶层的极限氧指数为35%;含导电长丝具有优异的防静电功能,竹炭纤维还可以吸附空气中的有害气体,可用于制作家装用壁纸、车饰织物等。
其中,上述实施例中,丙纶纤维可以选取的参数是:长度38mm,细度为2.78dtex;抗菌除臭纤维的长度为36mm,细度为1.67dtex;阻燃纤维的长度为38mm,细度为3.33dtex;导电长丝的细度为22dtex;
其中,梳理机的工艺参数:道夫转速为27r/min,刺辊转速为720r/min,锡林转速为340r/min,盖板速度为99mm/min;
其中,针刺机的针刺参数:预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米。
本发明步骤制作的非织造布,通过把抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维混纺的纤维网、等距排列的导电长丝、阻燃纤维网直接复合叠加,再通过针刺加固,最后定型收卷即可制成抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布,工艺流程短,制造简单,防静电和防臭的效果好。
以上仅为本发明实施例的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明实施例,凡在本发明实施例的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明实施例的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于家居装饰的抗菌、阻燃、防静电非织造布,包括阻燃纤维、导电长丝,其特征在于:还包括30-40重量份的抗菌除臭纤维、60-70重量份的丙纶纤维;所述抗菌除臭纤维为甲壳素纤维、纳米银离子纤维、竹炭纤维中的任意一种;所述阻燃纤维为芳砜纶纤维、阻燃粘胶纤维、阻燃涤纶纤维中的任意一种;所述导电长丝为以金属氧化物为导电介质制成的涤纶基白色导电长丝;
所述丙纶纤维的长度为38mm,细度为2.78dtex;所述抗菌除臭纤维的长度为36mm,细度为1.67dtex;所述阻燃纤维的长度为38mm,细度为3.33dtex;所述导电长丝的细度为22dtex;
所述非织造布的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将抗菌除臭纤维和丙纶纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,然后将松散的纤维在混棉机中进行充分混合;再将混合均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网;
(2)阻燃粘胶纤维的开松及梳理铺网:将阻燃纤维原料在开包机上进行开松,使纤维原料由原来的压紧状态开松成松散状态,再将开松均匀的纤维在梳棉机上进行梳理成网,并在交叉铺网机上进行交叉铺网;
其中,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中梳理机的工艺参数:道夫转速为27r/min,刺辊转速为720r/min,锡林转速为340r/min,盖板速度为99mm/min;
(3)导电长丝退绕:退绕架安置在与输网帘平行位置,涤纶基白色导电长丝在退绕架上退绕,以3cm间距等距排列,并随纤维网的运动等速前移;
(4)三层纤维网的复合叠加:混纺纤维网在上层、涤纶基导电长丝在中层、阻燃粘胶纤维网在下层,三层纤维网在输网帘上复合叠加,其中混纺纤维网和阻燃纤维网在输网帘上呈十字交叉排列,导电长丝与混纺纤维网呈同向排列;
(5)复合纤维网的针刺加固:复合纤维网经过预针刺、第一道主针刺和第二道主针刺来进行加固,从而得到具备一定强力针刺非织造布,预针刺的植针密度为9000枚/米,主针刺的植针密度为14000枚/米;
(6)轧光及拉幅定型:对针刺非织造布经过热轧机和拉幅定型机进行轧光和拉幅定型使其获得一定稳定性的尺寸;
(7)裁剪及收卷:根据需求将定型后的非织造布分切成不同幅宽的产品并收卷储存。
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