CN103974967A - 用于杂草控制的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
用于杂草控制的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103974967A CN103974967A CN201280050609.9A CN201280050609A CN103974967A CN 103974967 A CN103974967 A CN 103974967A CN 201280050609 A CN201280050609 A CN 201280050609A CN 103974967 A CN103974967 A CN 103974967A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1137—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
- A01H3/04—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by treatment with chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于增强杂草控制的新颖组合物。具体地说,本发明提供了调节杂草种类中的原卟啉原IX氧化酶的方法和组合物。本发明还提供了增强杂草控制的组合物与方法的组合。
Description
本申请依据35USC§119(e)要求2011年9月13日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/534,086的权益,该案以引用的方式整体并入本文中。文件中所含的名为“40_21(58640)B seq listing.txt”的序列表为862,548个字节(在操作系统MS-Windows中测量)并且于2012年9月4日创建,与本案一起提交并以引用的方式并入本文中。
表1是作为本美国专利申请的一部分经由USPTO的EFS系统与本案一起提供,其文件名为“40_21(58640)Btable1.doxc”,大小为61,788个字节(在MS-中测量)。表1(文件“40_21(58640)Btable1.doxc”)包含71个序列并且以引用的方式整体并入本文中。
表2是作为本美国专利申请的一部分经由USPTO的EFS系统与本案一起提供,其文件名为“40_21(58640)Btable2.doxc”,大小为161,884个字节(在MS-中测量)。表2(文件“40_21(58640)Btable2.dox”)包含1268个序列并且以引用的方式整体并入本文中。
表3是作为本美国专利申请的一部分经由USPTO的EFS系统与本案一起提供,其文件名为“40_21(58640)Btable3.txt”,大小为41,120个字节(在MS-中测量)。表2(文件“40_21(58640)Btable3.txt”)包含832个序列并且以引用的方式整体并入本文中。
领域
所述方法和组合物大体上涉及杂草管理领域。更具体地说,涉及植物中的原卟啉原IX氧化酶(PPG氧化酶)基因以及含有供调节和/或调控其表达的多核苷酸分子的组合物。还提供了可用于杂草控制的方法和组合物。
背景
杂草是在农艺环境中与耕种的植物竞争的植物,并且农场主每年在作物损失和控制杂草尝试方面要花费上亿美元。杂草还充当作物疾病和虫害的宿主。在农业生产环境中由杂草引起的损失包括作物产量降低、作物质量下降、灌溉成本增加、收割成本增加、土地价值降低、损伤牲畜以及由杂草携带的昆虫和病害所引起的作物损害。杂草造成这些影响的主要手段有:1)与作物竞争水、养分、阳光以及供生长和发育的其它必需要素;2)产生有毒或刺激性化学物质,这些化学物质引起了人类或动物健康问题;3)产生极大量的种子或营养繁殖部分或两者,从而污染了农业产品并且使这些物种在农业用地中长期存在;以及4)在农业和非农业用地上产生大量必须除掉的植被。耐除草剂的杂草是几乎所有正在使用的除草剂所面临的一个问题,需要有效地管理这些杂草。目前有超过365种杂草生物型被除草剂抗性行动委员会(Herbicide Resistance Action Committee,HRAC)、北美除草剂抗性行动委员会(North American Herbicide Resistance Action Committee,NAHRAC)和美国治草科学学会(Weed Science Society of America,WSSA)鉴别为对一种或多种除草剂具有除草剂抗性。
发明概述
在一个方面中,本发明提供一种植物控制方法,该方法包括向植物外部施用一种包含多核苷酸和转移剂的组合物,其中该多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段的RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,由此使该植物生长或发育或繁殖能力降低,或使得似杂草植物对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂的敏感性高于未用所述组合物处理的植物。以此方式,可以使已经对施用含PPG氧化酶抑制剂的除草剂产生抗性的植物更易于受含PPG氧化酶抑制剂的除草剂的除草作用影响,由此加强该除草剂的作用。该多核苷酸片段为至少18个连续核苷酸、至少19个连续核苷酸、至少20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一,并且该转移剂是一种有机硅酮组合物或化合物。该多核苷酸片段还可以是有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA,或dsDNA/RNA杂交体。该组合物可以包括超过一个多核苷酸片段,并且该组合物可以包括PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂和/或增强该组合物的杂草控制活性的其它除草剂。
在另一个方面中,提供了用于调节似杂草植物物种中PPG氧化酶基因表达的多核苷酸分子和方法。该方法降低、阻遏或以其它方式延迟似杂草植物中PPG氧化酶基因的表达,包括向似杂草植物外部施用一种包含多核苷酸和转移剂的组合物,其中该多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段,或与该PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段的RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中该PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段。该多核苷酸片段为至少18个连续核苷酸、至少19个连续核苷酸、至少20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一,并且该转移剂是一种有机硅酮组合物或化合物。该多核苷酸片段还可以是有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA,或dsDNA/RNA杂交体。
在又一方面中,该包含多核苷酸分子的组合物可以与其它除草用化合物组合以提供对于耕种植物的田地中不想要的植物的额外控制。
在又一方面中,该多核苷酸分子组合物可以与任一种或多种其它的农用化学品组合,以形成多组分杀虫剂,从而得到甚至更广谱的农业保护,这些农用化学品诸如为杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、生长调控剂、化学绝育剂、化学信息素、驱避剂、引诱剂、信息素、取食剌激剂、生物杀虫剂、微生物杀虫剂或其它生物活性化合物。
附图简述
以下图式形成了本说明书的一部分并且被包括用来进一步说明某些方法、组合物或结果。通过参照一个或多个附图并结合本文所呈现的具体实施方案的详细说明,可以更好地对其进行理解。由以下附图说明,可以更完整地理解本发明:
图1.用ssDNA触发多核苷酸(trigger polynucleotide)和PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)处理长芒苋(Amaranthus palmeri)。
图2.用ssDNA触发多核苷酸和PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)处理长芒苋。
图3.用汇集的低聚核苷酸和ssDNA触发多核苷酸以及PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂(氟磺胺草醚)处理长芒苋。
发明详述
本发明提供了调控、阻遏或延迟PPG氧化酶(原卟啉原IX氧化酶)基因表达并且增强对似杂草植物物种和重要的是PPG氧化酶抑制剂抗性杂草生物型的控制的方法和含多核苷酸的组合物。该方法的各个方面可以用于管理农艺和其它耕种环境中的各种似杂草植物。
提供以下定义和方法以更好地定义本发明并且指导本领域技术人员实践本发明。除非另作注释,否则各术语应根据相关领域技术人员的常规用法来理解。在一个术语以单数形式提供的情况下,本发明人也预期由该术语的复数形式所描述的本发明的各个方面。
“不可转录的”多核苷酸意思指,这些多核苷酸不包含完整的聚合酶II转录单元。
如本文所使用,“溶液”是指均匀混合物和不均匀混合物,诸如悬浮液、胶体、胶束及乳液。
似杂草植物是与耕种的植物竞争的植物,特别重要的那些包括但不限于,苋属物种(Amaranthus species)-白苋(A.albus)、北美苋(A.blitoides)、绿穗苋(A.hybridus)、长芒苋(A.palmeri)、鲍威氏苋(A.powellii)、反枝苋(A.retroflexus)、刺苋(A.spinosus)、糙果苋(A.tuberculatus)及皱果苋(A.viridis);豚草属物种(Ambrosia species)-三裂叶豚草(A.trifida)、美洲豚草(A.artemisifolia);黑麦草属物种(Lolium species)-多花黑麦草(L.multiflorum)、硬直黑麦草(L.rigidium)、多年生黑麦草(L.perenne);马唐属物种(Digitariaspecies)-两耳草(D.insularis);大戟属物种(Euphorbia species)-白苞猩猩草(E.heterophylla);地肤属物种(Kochia species)-扫帚草(K.scoparia);高粱属(Sorghum species)-约翰逊草(S.halepense);白酒草属(Conyza species)-香丝草(C.bonariensis)、小蓬草(C.canadensis)、苏门白酒草(C.sumatrensis);虎尾草属物种(Chloris species)-截头虎尾草(C.truncate);稗草属物种(Echinocholaspecies)-光头稗(E.colona)、大骨草(E.crus-galli);穇属物种(Eleusinespecies)-牛筋草(E.indica);早熟禾属物种(Poa species)-一年生早熟禾(P.annua);车前属物种(Plantago species)-长叶车前草(P.lanceolata);燕麦属物种(Avena species)-野燕麦(A.fatua);藜草属物种(Chenopodium species)-灰蓼头草(C.album);狗尾草属物种(Setaria species)-灰藜(S.viridis)、苘麻(Abutilontheophrasti)、番薯属物种(Ipomoea species)、田菁属物种(Sesbania species)、决明属物种(Cassia species)、黄花稔属物种(Sida species)、臂形草属物种(Brachiaria species)及茄属物种(Solanum species)。
耕种区中所见的其它似杂草植物物种包括大穗看麦娘(lopecurusmyosuroides)、不实燕麦(Avena sterilis)、长颖燕麦(Avena sterilis ludoviciana)、车前臂形草(Brachiaria plantaginea)、双雄雀麦(Bromus diandrus)、硬雀麦(Bromus rigidus)、洋狗尾草(Cynosurus echinatus)、升马唐(Digitaria ciliaris)、止血马唐(Digitaria ischaemum)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、稻稗(Echinochloaoryzicola)、水稗(Echinochloa phyllopogon)、路易斯安纳野黍(Eriochloapunctata)、大麦草(Hordeum glaucum)、墙大麦(Hordeum leporinum)、田间鸭嘴草(Ischaemum rugosum)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、欧黑麦草(Loliumpersicum)、小虉草(Phalaris minor)、变形虉草(Phalaris paradoxa)、筒轴茅(Rottboellia exalta)、大狗尾草(Setaria faberi)、巨狗尾草(Setaria viridis varrobusta-alba schreiber)、狗尾草变种(Setaria viridis var robusta-purpurea)、Snowdenia polystachea、苏丹高粱(Sorghum sudanese)、泽泻(Alismaplantago-aquatica)、凹头苋(Amaranthus lividus)、青苋(Amaranthus quitensis)、耳基水苋(Ammania auriculata)、红花水苋(Ammania coccinea)、臭春黄菊(Anthemis cotula)、阿披拉草(Apera spica-venti)、圆叶虎耳(Bacopa rotundifolia)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、Bidens subalternans、非洲芥末(Brassicatoumefortii)、旱雀麦(Bromus tectorum)、小果亚麻荠(Camelina microcarpa)、苘蒿(Chrysanthemum coronarium)、田野菟丝子(Cuscuta campestris)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)、Damasonium minus、播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)、细叶二行芥(Diplotaxis tenuifolia)、车前叶蓝蓟(Echium plantagineum)、三蕊沟繁缕(Elatine triandra var pedicellata)、白苞猩猩草、卷茎蓼(Fallopia convolvulus)、水虱草(Fimbristylis miliacea)、鼬瓣花(Galeopsis tetrahit)、锯锯藤(Galiumspurium)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、假苍耳(Iva xanthifolia)、单刚毛狗尾草(Ixophorus unisetus)、变色牵牛(Ipomoea indica)、圆叶牵牛(Ipomoea purpurea)、毛茎薯(Ipomoea sepiaria)、蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatic)、三裂叶薯(Ipomoea triloba)、毒莴苣(Lactuca serriola)、黄花绒叶草(Limnocharis flava)、直立石龙尾(Limnophila erecta)、无柄花石龙尾(Limnophila sessiliflora)、美洲母草(Linderniadubia)、美洲母草主变种(Lindemia dubia var major)、狭叶母草(Lindemiamicrantha)、陌上草(Lindemia procumbens)、冰叶日中花(Mesembryanthemumcrystallinum)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、球果芥(Neslia paniculata)、虞美人(Papaver rhoeas)、银胶菊(Partheniumhysterophorus)、Pentzia suffruticosa、小子虉草(Phalaris minor)、野萝卜(Raphanusraphanistrum)、秋冬萝卜(Raphanus sativus)、皱果荠(Rapistrum rugosum)、印度节节菜原变种(Rotala indica var uliginosa)、冠果草(Sagittaria guyanensis)、蒙特登慈姑(Sagittaria montevidensis)、矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea)、俄国大蓟(Salsola iberica)、萤蔺欧万斯变种(Scirpus juncoides var ohwianus)、北水毛花(Scirpus mucronatus)、金色狗尾草(Setaria lutescens)、刺金午时花(Sida spinosa)、野芥(Sinapis arvensis)、戟叶抪娘蒿(Sisymbrium orientale)、大蒜芥(Sisymbriumthellungii)、东方龙葵(Solanum ptycanthum)、花叶滇苦菜(Sonchus asper)、苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus)、甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、菥蓂(Thlaspi arvense)、苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)、南非金盏草(Arctothecacalendula)、苏门白酒草、革命菜(Crassocephalum crepidiodes)、萼距花(Cupheacarthagenenis)、Epilobium adenocaulon、费城飞莲(Erigeron philadelphicus)、紫萍(Landoltia punctata)、北美独行菜(Lepidium virginicum)、雨久花(Monochoriakorsakowii)、少花龙葵(Solanum americanum)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、欧洲福克斯泰尔羊茅(Vulpia bromoides)、黄鹌菜(Youngia japonica)、下轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、垂花飞廉(Carduus nutans)、意大利蓟(Carduuspycnocephalus)、黄星蓟(Centaurea solstitialis)、丝路蓟(Cirsium arvense)、节节草(Commelina diffusa)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis)、野胡萝卜(Daucuscarota)、止血马唐、孔雀稗(Echinochloa crus-pavonis)、水虱草、鼬瓣花、锯锯藤、直立石龙尾、淡甘菊(Matricaria perforate)、虞美人、乌头叶毛茛(Ranunculus acris)、翅果假吐金菊(Soliva sessilis)、尖瓣花(Sphenocleazeylanica)、繁缕、三叉针茅(Nassella trichotoma)、智利针草(Stipa neesiana)、匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)、扁蓄蓼(Polygonum aviculare)、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)、菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)、旱雀麦、孟仁草(Chlorisinflate)、Echinochloa erecta、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)及欧洲千里光(Seneciovulgaris)。据信,所有植物在其基因组中都含有原卟啉原IX氧化酶基因,其序列可以被分离出来,并且根据本发明的方法制造出可用于调控、抑制或延迟这些植物中靶PPG氧化酶基因的表达以及经过处理的植物的生长或发育的多核苷酸。
一些耕种的植物当出现在不想要的环境中时也可以是似杂草植物。具有一种或多种除草剂耐药性的转基因作物将需要专门的管理方法来控制杂草和自生作物,并且必要时靶向除草剂耐药性基因以使经过处理的植物变得对该除草剂敏感。
“触发因子”或“触发多核苷酸”是与靶基因多核苷酸同源或互补的多核苷酸分子。这些触发多核苷酸分子当与转移剂一起局部施用到植物表面时,将调节靶基因的表达,由此相对于未用含触发因子分子的组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力受到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因含所述多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
预期本发明的组合物将含有多种多核苷酸和除草剂,包括但不限于,PPG氧化酶基因触发多核苷酸和PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂以及任一种或多种其它除草剂靶基因触发多核苷酸和相关除草剂,及任一种或多种其它必需基因触发多核苷酸。必需基因是植物中提供有机体或细胞生长或存活必需的或植物正常生长和发育所涉及的关键酶或其它蛋白质的基因,例如生物合成酶、代谢酶、受体、信号转导蛋白、结构基因产物、转录因子或转运蛋白;或调控性RNA,诸如微RNA的基因(Meinke等,Trends Plant Sci.2008年9月;13(9):483-91)。抑制必需基因使除草剂影响不同于抑制的必需基因的基因产物的功能的作用增强。本发明的组合物可以包括各种调节除PPG氧化酶外的必需基因的表达的触发多核苷酸。
针对植物耐药性的转基因已经得到证实并且可以应用本发明方法的除草剂包括但不限于:类生长素除草剂、草甘膦(glyphosate)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、茅草枯(delapon)、麦草畏(dicamba)、环己二酮(cyclohezanedione)、原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂类(protoporphyrionogen oxidase inhibitors)、4-羟苯基-丙酮酸双加氧酶抑制剂类除草剂。举例来说,编码除草剂耐药性中所涉及的蛋白质的转基因及其多核苷酸分子是本领域已知的,并且包括但不限于,5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS),例如,更完整地描述于美国专利号7,807,791(SEQ ID NO:5)、6,248,876B1、5,627,061、5,804,425、5,633,435、5,145,783、4,971,908、5,462,910、5,188,642、4,940,835、5,866,775、6,225,114B1、6,130,366、5,460,667、4,535,060、4,769,061、5,633,448、5,510,471;美国专利号Re.36,449;美国专利号RE37,287E及5,491,288中;对磺酰脲和/或咪唑啉酮的耐药性,例如,更完整地描述于美国专利号5,605,011、5,013,659、5,141,870、5,767,361、5,746,180、5,304,732、4,761,373、5,346,107、5,928,937及5,378,824;及国际公布WO96/33270中;植物中对于羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶抑制性除草剂的耐药性描述于美国专利号6,245,968B1、6,268,549及6,069,115;美国专利公布20110191897及US7,462,379SEQ ID NO:3;US7,935,869;US7,304,209,SEQ ID NO:1、3、5及15中;芳氧基链烷酸酯双加氧酶多核苷酸,其赋予对2,4-D和其它苯氧基生长素除草剂,以及对芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯除草剂的耐药性,如例如WO2005/107437;US7,838,733SEQ ID NO:5中所描述的;及耐麦草畏的多核苷酸,如例如Herman等(2005)J.Biol.Chem.280:24759-24767中所描述的。耐除草剂性状的其它实例包括由编码外源膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶的多核苷酸所赋予的那些,如美国专利号5,969,213、5,489,520、5,550,468、5,874,265、5,919,675、5,561,236、5,648,477、5,646,024、6,177,616及5,879,903中所描述。含有外源膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶的植物可以对抑制谷氨酰胺合成酶的草铵膦除草剂展现出改善的耐药性。此外,耐除草剂多核苷酸包括由赋予改变的原卟啉原氧化酶(protox)活性的多核苷酸所赋予的那些,如美国专利号6,288,306B1、6,282,837B1及5,767,373;以及WO01/12825中所描述。含有这些多核苷酸的植物对于靶向protox酶的多种除草剂(又称为protox抑制剂)中的任一种可以展现出改善的耐药性。编码草甘膦氧化还原酶和草甘膦-N-乙酰转移酶的多核苷酸(GOX描述于美国专利5,463,175中并且GAT描述于美国专利公布20030083480中;麦草畏单加氧酶,美国专利公布20030135879,全部以引用的方式并入本文中);编码溴苯腈腈水解酶的多核苷酸分子(Bxn描述于美国专利号4,810,648,以引用的方式并入本文中;针对溴苯腈耐药性);编码八氢番茄红素脱氢酶的多核苷酸分子(crtI)(描述于Misawa等(1993)Plant J.4:833-840和Misawa等(1994)Plant J.6:481-489中;针对达草灭(norflurazon)耐药性);编码乙酰乳酸合成酶的多核苷酸分子(AHAS,也称为ALS)(描述于Sathasiivan等(1990)Nucl.Acids Res.18:468-2193中;针对磺酰脲除草剂耐药性);及bar基因(描述于DeBlock等(1987)EMBO J.6:2513-2519中;针对草铵膦和双丙氨磷(bialaphos)耐药性)。耐除草剂基因的转基因编码区和调控元件是可包括在本发明组合物中的多核苷酸触发因子和除草剂的靶。
该组合物包括一种作为PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂的组分,其包括但不限于,氟锁草醚-Na(acifluorfen-Na)、治草醚(bifenox)、氯硝醚(chlomethoxyfen)、乙羧氟草醚乙酯(fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、氟磺胺草醚、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、吡草醚(pyraflufen-ethyl)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、丙炔氟草胺、氟烯草酸戊酯(flumiclorac-pentyl)、氟噻甲草酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、恶草灵(oxadiazon)、丙炔恶草酮(oxadiargyl)、草芬定(azafenidin)、唑酮草酯(carfentrazone-ethyl)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、环戊恶草酮(pentoxazone)、双苯嘧草酮(Benzfendizone)、布芬草(butafenacil)、双唑草腈(pyrazogyl)及氟唑草胺(profluazol)。
许多具有类似或不同作用模式的其它可用除草剂(本文中称为共除草剂)可以添加到该组合物中,例如包括但不限于以下的除草剂家族成员:酰胺除草剂类、芳香酸除草剂类、含砷除草剂类、苯并噻唑除草剂类、苯甲酰基环己二酮除草剂类、烷基磺酸苯并呋喃基酯除草剂类、氨基甲酸酯除草剂类、环己烯肟除草剂类、环丙基异噁唑除草剂类、二甲酰亚胺除草剂类、二硝基苯胺除草剂类、二硝基苯酚除草剂类、二苯基醚除草剂类、二硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂类、卤代脂肪族除草剂类、咪唑啉酮除草剂类、无机除草剂类、腈除草剂类、有机磷除草剂类、噁二唑酮除草剂类、噁唑除草剂类、苯氧基除草剂类、苯二胺除草剂类、吡唑除草剂类、哒嗪除草剂类、哒嗪酮除草剂类、吡啶除草剂类、嘧啶二胺除草剂类、嘧啶氧基苯甲胺除草剂类、季铵除草剂类、硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂类、硫代碳酸酯除草剂类、硫脲除草剂类、三嗪除草剂类、三嗪酮除草剂类、三唑除草剂类、三唑酮除草剂类、三唑并嘧啶除草剂类、尿嘧啶除草剂类及脲除草剂类。具体地说,可以使包含这些多核苷酸的组合物中添加的除草剂的使用量降低。另外添加的除草剂的使用量可以降低10%-25%、26%-50%、51%-75%或更多,并且这些可增强多核苷酸与除草剂的组合物的活性的除草剂涵盖在本文中。这些家族的代表性共除草剂包括但不限于,乙草胺(acetochlor)、氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、氟羧草醚钠(acifluorfen-sodium)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、丙烯醛(acrolein)、草不绿(alachlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim)、烯丙醇、莠灭净(ametryn)、氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、氨基嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、氨基三唑(amitrole)、磺胺酸铵(ammonium sulfamate)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、黄草灵(asulam)、阿特拉通(atraton)、阿特拉津(atrazine)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、BCPC、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin)、氟草胺(benfluralin)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron)、甲基苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、地散磷(bensulide)、噻草平(bentazone)、双苯嘧草酮、苯并双环酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、治草醚、双丙氨磷(bilanafos)、双草醚(bispyribac)、双草醚钠(bispyribac-sodium)、硼砂(borax)、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、溴苯腈、去草胺(butachlor)、布芬草、抑草磷(butamifos)、地乐胺(butralin)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、丁草敌(butylate)、二甲胂酸(cacodylic acid)、氯酸钙、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、长杀草(carbetamide)、唑草酮(carfentrazone)、唑酮草酯、CDEA、CEPC、整形醇(chlorflurenol)、整形素(chlorflurenol-methyl)、杀草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron)、乙基氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、氯醋酸(chloroacetic acid)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、氯苯胺灵(chlorpropham)、绿黄隆(chlorsulfuron)、敌草索(chlorthal)、氯酞酸二甲酯(chlorthal-dimethyl)、吲哚酮草酯、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、西速隆(cinosulfuron)、落草胺(cisanilide)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酸(clodinafop)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、异草酮(clomazone)、稗草胺(clomeprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、氯甲酯磺草胺(cloransulam-methyl)、CMA、4-CPB、CPMF、4-CPP、CPPC、甲酚、苄草隆(cumyluron)、氨腈(cyanamide)、氰乙酰肼(cyanazine)、草灭特(cycloate)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、氰氟草酸(cyhalofop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、2,4-D、3,4-DA、杀草隆(daimuro)、茅草枯(dalapon)、棉隆(dazomet)、2,4-DB、3,4-DB、2,4-DEB、甜菜安(desmedipham)、麦草畏、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、邻二氯苯(ortho-dichlorobenzen)、对二氯苯(para-dichlorobenzene)、滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、滴丙酸-P(dichlorprop-P)、禾草灵(diclofop)、甲基禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、燕麦枯(difenzoquat)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquatmetilsulfate)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、恶唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid)、二甲吩草胺-P(dimethenamid-P)、噻节因(dimethipin)、二甲基砷酸(dimethylarsinic acid)、敌乐安(dinitramine)、特乐酚(dinoterb)、草乃敌(diphenamid)、杀草快(diquat)、二溴敌草快(diquatdibromide)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、敌草隆(diuron)、DNOC、3,4-DP、DSMA、EBEP、草多索(endothal)、EPTC、禾草畏(esprocarb)、丁氟消草(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、甲基胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙呋草黄(ethofumesate)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、精恶唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P)、乙基精恶唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、四唑草胺(fentrazamide)、硫酸亚铁、麦草伏甲酯(flamprop-M)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、丁基吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、丁基精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P-butyl)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟酮磺隆钠(flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氯乙氟灵(fluchloralin)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、氟哒嗪草酮(flufenpyr)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufepyr-ethyl)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、氟烯草酸戊酯、丙炔氟草胺、伏草隆(fluometuron)、乙羧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚乙酯、氟丙酸(flupropanate)、吡羧嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟啶嘧磺隆钠(flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium)、抑草丁(flurenol)、氟啶酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(fluorochloridone)、氟草烟(fluoroxypyr)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氟螨嗪(fluthiacet)、氟噻甲草酯、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲酰胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、调节膦(fosamine)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草铵膦铵盐(glufosinate-ammonium)、草甘膦、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron)、甲基氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron-methyl)、氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop)、氟吡甲禾灵-P(haloxyfop-P)、HC-252、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、咪草酸甲酯(imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)、咪草烟(imazethapyr)、唑砒嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、茚草酮(indanofan)、碘甲烷、碘甲磺隆、碘甲磺隆钠盐(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异恶隆(isouron)、异恶酰草胺(isoxaben)、异噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、特胺灵(karbutilate)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草啶(lenacil)、利谷隆(linuron)、MAA、MAMA、MCPA、MCPA-硫代乙酯、MCPB、氯苯氧丙酸(mecoprop)、氯苯氧丙酸-P(mecoprop-P)、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、氟草磺(mefluidide)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、甲基甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)、硝磺草酮(mesotrione)、威百亩(metam)、恶唑酰草胺(metamifop)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、甲基砷酸、甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)、异硫氰酸甲酯、甲氧苯草隆(metobenzuron)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron)、甲基甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、MK-66、草达灭(molinate)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、MSMA、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、敌草胺(napropamide)、抑草生(naptalam)、草不隆(neburon)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、壬酸、达草灭、油酸(脂肪酸)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、甲嘧啶磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、黄草消(oryzalin)、丙炔恶草酮、恶草灵、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、恶嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚、百草枯(paraquat)、百草枯二氯化物(paraquat dichloride)、克草猛(pebulate)、二甲戊乐灵(pendimethalin)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、五氯酚(pentachlorophenol)、甲氯酰草胺(pentanochlor)、环戊恶草酮、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、石油油料(petrolium oils)、苯敌草(phenmedipham)、乙基甜菜宁(phenmedipham-ethyl)、毒莠定(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、派草磷(piperophos)、亚砷酸钾、叠氮化钾、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、甲基氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron-methyl)、氨基丙乐灵(prodiamine)、氟唑草胺、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、扑灭通(prometon)、扑草净(prometryn)、毒草安(propachlor)、敌草索(propanil)、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、扑灭津(propazine)、苯胺灵(propham)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、丙苯磺隆钠(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、哌芬草(pyraflufen)、吡草醚(pyraflufen-ethyl)、苄草唑(pyrazolynate)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron)、乙基吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、哒草醇(pyridafol)、哒草特(pyridate)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac)、甲基嘧草醚(pyriminobac-methyl)、吡嘧沙泛(pyrimisulfan)、嘧硫苯甲酸(pyrithiobac)、嘧硫苯甲酸钠(pyrithiobac-sodium)、二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、喹禾灵-P(quizalofop-P)、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、环草隆(siduron)、西玛津(simazine)、西草净(simetryn)、SMA、亚砷酸钠、叠氮化钠、氯酸钠、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、甲基甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron-methyl)、草硫膦(sulfosate)、磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、硫酸、煤焦油、2,3,6-TBA、TCA、三氯醋酸钠(TCA-sodium)、特丁隆(tebuthiuron)、吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特丁通(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、特丁净(terbutryn)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、甲基噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、苯苯吡唑草(topramezone)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、野麦畏(tri-allate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、苯磺隆(tribenuron)、甲基苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、杀草畏(tricamba)、绿草定(triclopyr)、草达津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、三氟啶磺隆钠(trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、甲基氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三羟嗪(trihydroxytriazine)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、[3-[2-氯-4-氟-5-(-甲基-6-三氟甲基-2,4-二氧代-,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-3-基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶氧基]乙酸乙酯(CAS RN353292-3-6)、4-[(4,5-二氢-3-甲氧基-4-甲基-5-氧代)-H-,2,4-三唑-基羰基-氨磺酰基]-5-甲基噻吩-3-甲酸(BAY636)、BAY747(CAS RN33504-84-2)、苯吡唑草酮(CAS RN2063-68-8)、4-羟基-3-[[2-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基]-6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]羰基]-双环[3.2.]辛-3-烯-2-酮(CAS RN35200-68-5)及4-羟基-3-[[2-(3-甲氧基丙基)-6-(二氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]羰基]-双环[3.2.]辛-3-烯-2-酮。此外,还包括未指定作用模式的除草化合物,如以下专利中所描述:CN101279950A、CN101279951A、DE10000600A1、DE10116399A1、DE102004054666A1、DE102005014638A1、DE102005014906A1、DE102007012168A1、DE102010042866A1、DE10204951A1、DE10234875A1、DE10234876A1、DE10256353A1、DE10256354A1、DE10256367A1、EP1157991A2、EP1238586A1、EP2147919A1、EP2160098A2、JP03968012B2、JP2001253874A、JP2002080454A、JP2002138075A、JP2002145707A、JP2002220389A、JP2003064059A、JP2003096059A、JP2004051628A、JP2004107228A、JP2005008583A、JP2005239675A、JP2005314407A、JP2006232824A、JP2006282552A、JP2007153847A、JP2007161701A、JP2007182404A、JP2008074840A、JP2008074841A、JP2008133207A、JP2008133218A、JP2008169121A、JP2009067739A、JP2009114128A、JP2009126792A、JP2009137851A、US20060111241A1、US20090036311A1、US20090054240A1、US20090215628A1、US20100099561A1、US20100152443A1、US20110105329A1、US20110201501A1、WO2001055066A2、WO2001056975A1、WO2001056979A1、WO2001090071A2、WO2001090080A1、WO2002002540A1、WO2002028182A1、WO2002040473A1、WO2002044173A2、WO2003000679A2、WO2003006422A1、WO2003013247A1、WO2003016308A1、WO2003020704A1、WO2003022051A1、WO2003022831A1、WO2003022843A1、WO2003029243A2、WO2003037085A1、WO2003037878A1、WO2003045878A2、WO2003050087A2、WO2003051823A1、WO2003051824A1、WO2003051846A2、WO2003076409A1、WO2003087067A1、WO2003090539A1、WO2003091217A1、WO2003093269A2、WO2003104206A2、WO2004002947A1、WO2004002981A2、WO2004011429A1、WO2004029060A1、WO2004035545A2、WO2004035563A1、WO2004035564A1、WO2004037787A1、WO2004067518A1、WO2004067527A1、WO2004077950A1、WO2005000824A1、WO2005007627A1、WO2005040152A1、WO2005047233A1、WO2005047281A1、WO2005061443A2、WO2005061464A1、WO2005068434A1、WO2005070889A1、WO2005089551A1、WO2005095335A1、WO2006006569A1、WO2006024820A1、WO2006029828A1、WO2006029829A1、WO2006037945A1、WO2006050803A1、WO2006090792A1、WO2006123088A2、WO2006125687A1、WO2006125688A1、WO2007003294A1、WO2007026834A1、WO2007071900A1、WO2007077201A1、WO2007077247A1、WO2007096576A1、WO2007119434A1、WO2007134984A1、WO2008009908A1、WO2008029084A1、WO2008059948A1、WO2008071918A1、WO2008074991A1、WO2008084073A1、WO2008100426A2、WO2008102908A1、WO2008152072A2、WO2008152073A2、WO2009000757A1、WO2009005297A2、WO2009035150A2、WO2009063180A1、WO2009068170A2、WO2009068171A2、WO2009086041A1、WO2009090401A2、WO2009090402A2、WO2009115788A1、WO2009116558A1、WO2009152995A1、WO2009158258A1、WO2010012649A1、WO2010012649A1、WO2010026989A1、WO2010034153A1、WO2010049270A1、WO2010049369A1、WO2010049405A1、WO2010049414A1、WO2010063422A1、WO2010069802A1、WO2010078906A2、WO2010078912A1、WO2010104217A1、WO2010108611A1、WO2010112826A3、WO2010116122A3、WO2010119906A1、WO2010130970A1、WO2011003776A2、WO2011035874A1、WO2011065451A1,全部以引用的方式并入本文中。
通过将该组合物直接施用(诸如通过喷雾)到正在生长的植物,来对需要植物控制的农田进行处理。举例来说,应用该方法,通过向具有作物的田地喷洒该组合物来控制该田地中的杂草。该组合物可以作为桶混合剂、连续的组分处理(一般为含有多核苷酸的组合物随后除草剂)或来自单独容器的该组合物的一种或多种组分的同时处理或混合来提供。田地的处理可以根据需要进行以提供杂草控制,并且该组合物各组分可以被调整成通过利用能够选择性靶向有待控制的特定物种或植物科的特定多核苷酸或多核苷酸组合物来靶向特定杂草种类或杂草科。该组合物可以根据施用到田地的时间,例如在种植前、种植时、种植后、收获后,以有效使用量施用。PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂可以向田地按100到500g ai/ha(每公顷的活性成分量)或更高量施用。取决于田地中的杂草范围所需触发分子的数量,该组合物的多核苷酸可以按每英亩1到30克的比率施用。
需要杂草控制的作物包括但不限于,i)玉米、大豆、棉花、油菜、甜菜、苜蓿、甘蔗、稻米及小麦;ii)蔬菜类植物,包括但不限于,马铃薯、甜椒、辣椒、瓜、西瓜、黄瓜、茄子、花椰菜、椰菜、莴苣、菠菜、洋葱、豌豆、胡萝卜、甜玉米、大白菜、韭葱、茴香、南瓜、倭瓜或葫芦、萝卜、球芽甘蓝、粘果酸浆、青刀豆、干豆或秋葵;iii)烹饪用植物,包括但不限于,罗勒、欧芹、咖啡树或茶树;或iv)水果类植物,包括但不限于,苹果树、梨树、樱桃树、桃树、李树、杏树、香蕉、车前草、鲜食葡萄、酿酒葡萄、柑橘、鳄梨树、芒果或浆果;v)生长用于观赏或商业用途的树,包括但不限于,果树或坚果树;或vi)观赏性植物(例如观赏性开花植物或灌木或草坪草)。本文提供的方法和组合物还可以施用于通过插条、克隆或嫁接方法产生的植物(即,不是由种子生长的植物),包括果树和植物,包括但不限于,柑橘、苹果树、鳄梨树、番茄、茄子、黄瓜、瓜类、西瓜和葡萄,以及各种观赏性植物。
杀虫混合物
这些多核苷酸组合物还可以作为与各种农业化学品和/或杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂以及杀真菌剂、杀虫剂和生物杀虫剂的混合物来使用。实例包括但不限于,甲基谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、高灭磷(acephate)、异噁唑磷(isoxathion)、异丙胺磷(isofenphos)、乙硫磷(ethion)、乙嘧硫磷(etrimfos)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、异亚砜磷(oxydeprofos)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、蔬果磷(dioxabenzofos)、二氯松(dichlorvos)、二硫松(disulfoton)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乐果(dimethoate)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、二嗪磷(diazinon)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、杀虫威(tetrachlorvinphos)、双硫磷(temephos)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)、二溴磷(naled)、蚜灭多(vamidothion)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridafenthion)、甲基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、吡氟硫磷(flupyrazophos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、丙虫磷(propaphos)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、辛硫磷(phoxime)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、安果(formothion)、甲拌磷(phorate)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、线虫灵(mesulfenfos)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、对硫磷(parathion)、甲基对硫磷(methylparathion)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、敌百虫(trichlorphon)、EPN、异唑磷(isazophos)、衣胺磷(isamidofos)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、苯基胺磷(diamidaphos)、除线磷(dichlofenthion)、虫线磷(thionazin)、克线磷(fenamiphos)、噻唑硫磷(fosthiazate)、丁硫环磷(fosthietan)、磷虫威(phosphocarb)、DSP、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、西维因(carbaryl)、丁呋喃(carbosulfan)、灭杀威(xylylcarb)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、恶虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、灭多威(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、XMC、克百威(carbofuran)、涕灭砜威(aldoxycarb)、杀线威(oxamyl)、氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯菊酯(allethrin)、氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、拟除虫菊酯(cycloprothrin)、三氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、p-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、联苯菊酯(bifenthrin)、苯醚菊(酯phenothrin)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、炔呋菊酯(furamethrin)、炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、溴氟菊酯(flubrocythrinate)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、醚菊酯(ethofenprox)、杀螟丹(cartap)、虫噻烷(thiocyclam)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、氟啶脲(chlorfluazuron)、除虫脲(diflubenzuron)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)、杀铃脲(triflumuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluoron)、啶蜱脲(fluazuron)、氟环脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、抑虫肼(tebufenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、苯虫醚(diofenolan)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、烯虫酯(methoprene)、烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、抑虫灵(kinoprene)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、硫丹(endosulfan)、杀螨酯(chlorfenson)、乙基杀螨醇(chlorobenzilate)、三氯杀螨醇(dicofol)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、乙酰虫腈(acetoprole)、氟虫腈(fipronil)、乙虫清(ethiprole)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin)、鱼藤酮(rotenone)、硫酸尼古丁(nicotinesulphate)、BT(苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Thuringiensis))剂、艾克敌(spinosad)、阿维菌素(abamectin)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、双甲脒(amitraz)、乙螨唑(etoxazole)、灭螨猛、四螨嗪(clofentezine)、苯丁锡(fenbutatinoxide)、除螨灵(dienochlor)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、苯硫威(fenothiocarb)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、氟螨嗪(flufenzin)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、炔螨特(propargite)、苯螨特(benzomate)、多萘菌素复合物(polynactin complex)、密灭汀(milbemectin)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲硫威(methiocarb)、速灭磷(mevinpho s)、苄螨醚(halfenprox)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、丁嘧脲(diafenthiuron)、茚虫威(indoxacarb)、因灭汀苯甲酸盐(emamectinbenzoate)、油酸钾、油酸钠、溴虫腈(chlorfenapyr)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)、苯氧威(fenoxycarb)、氟蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、羟丙基淀粉、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、氰氟虫腙(metaflumizole)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)、TPIC、阿苯哒唑(albendazole)、丙氧苯咪唑(oxibendazole)、奥芬达唑(oxfendazole)、水杨菌胺(trichlamide)、繁福松(fensulfothion)、芬苯达唑(fenbendazole)、盐酸左旋咪唑(levamisole hydrochloride)、酒石酸噻烯氢嘧啶(morantel tartrate)、棉隆、威百亩(metam-sodium)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、六那唑(hexaconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、种菌唑(ipconazole)、咪酰胺(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、叶菌唑(metconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、土菌消(hymexazole)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、福拉比(furametpyr)、噻呋灭(thifluzamide)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、恶咪唑(oxpoconazole)、恶咪唑延胡索酸盐(oxpoconazole fumarate)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、氯苯嘧啶醇(fenafimol)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(mefenoxam)、恶霜灵(oxadixyl)、苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、托布津(thiophanate)、甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、代森锰锌(manzeb)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、代森锌(zineb)、代森联(metiram)、代森锰(maneb)、福美锌(ziram)、福美双(thiuram)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、灭锈胺(mepronil)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、粉锈啉(fenpropimorph)、葚孢菌素(spiroxamine)、十三吗啉(tridemorph)、十二环吗啉(dodemorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、布洛芬(trifloxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、异菌脲(iprodione)、腐霉利(procymidone)、乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)、克氯得(chlozolinate)、氟硫灭(flusulfamide)、棉隆、异硫氰酸甲酯、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、恶霉灵(hydroxyisoxazole)、羟基异噁唑钾、氯唑灵(echlomezol)、D-D、氨基甲酸酯(carbam)、碱式氯化铜、碱式硫酸铜、壬基苯酚磺酸铜(copper nonylphenolsulfonate)、羟基喹啉铜(oxine copper)、DBEDC、无水硫酸铜、五水硫酸铜、氢氧化铜、无机硫、可湿性硫、石硫合剂(lime sulfur)、硫酸锌、三苯锡(fentin)、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、次氯酸钠、银、敌瘟磷(edifenphos)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、福赛得(fosetyl)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、消螨普(dinocap)、吡嘧磷(pyrazophos)、加普胺(carpropamid)、四氯苯酞(fthalide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、百快隆(pyroquilon)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、芬太尼(fenoxanil)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、井冈霉素(validamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxins)、杀稻瘟素S(blasticiden S)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、灭粉霉素(mildiomycin)、链霉素(streptomycin)、菜籽油、机械油、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarbisopropyl)、丙森锌(iprovalicarb)、霜霉威(propamocarb)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、唑呋草(fluoroimide)、氟菌腈(fludioxanil)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、噁喹酸(oxolinic acid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、克菌丹(captan)、灭菌丹(folpet)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、阿拉酸式苯-S-甲基(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、环氟菌胺(cvflufenamid)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、氟吡菌胺(picobenzamide)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、恶唑菌酮(famoxadone)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanide)、嗪胺灵(triforine)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、哒菌酮(diclomezine)、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadineacetate)、双胍辛胺烷苯磺酸盐(iminoctadine albesilate)、代森铵(ambam)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、噻二嗪(thiadiazine)、地茂散(chloroneb)、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、双辛胍胺(guazatine)、十二烷基胍乙酸盐(dodecylguanidine-acetate)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、甲苯氟磺胺(tolylfluanid)、敌菌灵(anilazine)、间硝酞异丙酯(nitrothalisopropyl)、种衣酯(fenitropan)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、苯并噻唑、肝素蛋白、氟联苯菌(flumetover)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamide)及吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)。
多核苷酸
如本文所使用,术语“DNA”、“DNA分子”、“DNA多核苷酸分子”是指基因组或合成来源的单链DNA(ssDNA)或双链DNA(dsDNA)分子,诸如,脱氧核糖核苷酸碱基的聚合物或DNA多核苷酸分子。如本文所使用,术语“DNA序列”、“DNA核苷酸序列”或“DNA多核苷酸序列”是指DNA分子的核苷酸序列。如本文所使用,术语“RNA”、“RNA分子”、“RNA多核苷酸分子”是指基因组或合成来源的单链RNA(ssRNA)或双链RNA(dsRNA)分子,诸如,包含单链或双链区的核糖核苷酸碱基的聚合物。除非另作说明,否则所给的在本说明书正文中的核苷酸序列是从左向右,即,5’至3’方向读取。本文中使用的命名是按美国联邦法规(United States Code of FederalRegulations)§1.822第37款所规定的并且在WIPO标准ST.25(1998),附录2,表1和表3中有所阐述。
如本文所使用,“多核苷酸”是指含有多个核苷酸的DNA或RNA分子,并且一般是指“寡核苷酸”(典型地长度为50个或更少核苷酸的多核苷酸分子)和具有51个或更多个核苷酸的多核苷酸两者。实施方案包括了包括以下的组合物:长度为18-25个核苷酸(18聚体、19聚体、20聚体、21聚体、22聚体、23聚体、24聚体或25聚体)的寡核苷酸,例如表3的寡核苷酸(SEQ IDNO:1382-2221)或其片段;或长度为26个或更多个核苷酸的中等长度多核苷酸(具有2627、28、29、30、46、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、约65、约70、约75、约80、约85、约90、约95、约100、约110、约120、约130、约140、约150、约160、约170、约180、约190、约200、约210、约220、约230、约240、约250、约260、约270、约280、约290或约300个核苷酸的多核苷酸),例如表2的寡核苷酸(SEQ ID NO:72-1381)或其片段;或长度大于约300个核苷酸的较长多核苷酸(例如长度在约300到约400个核苷酸之间、在约400到约500个核苷酸之间、在约500到约600个核苷酸之间、在约600到约700个核苷酸之间、在约700到约800个核苷酸之间、在约800到约900个核苷酸之间、在约900到约1000个核苷酸之间、在约300到约500个核苷酸之间、在约300到约600个核苷酸之间、在约300到约700个核苷酸之间、在约300到约800个核苷酸之间、在约300到约900个核苷酸之间,或为约1000个核苷酸,或长度甚至超过约1000个核苷酸的多核苷酸,例如最多靶基因的整个长度,包括该靶基因的编码或非编码或者编码与非编码部分在内),例如表1的多核苷酸(SEQ ID NO:1-71),其中所选与SEQ ID NO:1-71同源或互补的多核苷酸或其片段抑制、阻遏或以其它方式延迟靶PPG氧化酶基因的表达。靶基因包含植物细胞中靶基因的表达受这些方法和组合物调节的任何多核苷酸分子或其片段。在多核苷酸为双链的情况下,其长度可以类似地按照碱基对来描述。可以使寡核苷酸和多核苷酸与基因的相邻遗传元件,例如横跨内含子与外显子的接合区、启动子与转录区的接合区、5’前导序列与编码序列的接合区、3’非翻译区与编码序列的接合区基本上同一或基本上互补。
各种实施方案中所使用的多核苷酸组合物包括了含寡核苷酸或多核苷酸或两者的混合物,包括RNA或DNA或RNA/DNA杂交体,或者化学修饰的寡核苷酸或多核苷酸或其混合物的组合物。在一些实施方案中,该多核苷酸可以是核糖核苷酸与脱氧核糖核苷酸的组合,例如主要由核糖核苷酸组成但具有一个或多个末端脱氧核糖核苷酸的合成多核苷酸,或主要由脱氧核糖核苷酸组成但具有一个或多个末端双脱氧核糖核苷酸的合成多核苷酸。在一些实施方案中,该多核苷酸包括非经典核苷酸,诸如肌苷、硫尿核苷或假尿苷。在一些实施方案中,该多核苷酸包括化学修饰的核苷酸。化学修饰的寡核苷酸或多核苷酸的实例是本领域中众所周知的;参见例如,美国专利公布20110171287、美国专利公布20110171176及美国专利公布20110152353、美国专利公布20110152346、美国专利公布20110160082,以引用的方式并入本文中。举例来说,包括但不限于,寡核苷酸或多核苷酸的天然存在的磷酸二酯主链可以用硫代磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸酯或甲基膦酸酯核苷酸间键修饰部分或完全地进行修饰,经过修饰的核苷碱基或经过修饰的糖可以用于寡核苷酸或多核苷酸合成中,并且寡核苷酸或多核苷酸可以用荧光部分(例如,荧光素或罗丹明(rhodamine))或其它标记(例如生物素)进行标记。
这些多核苷酸可以单链或双链RNA,或单链或双链DNA,或双链DNA/RNA杂交体,或其经过修饰的类似物,并且可以具有寡核苷酸长度或更长。在更特定的实施方案中,在植物细胞中提供单链RNA的多核苷酸选自:(a)单链RNA分子(ssRNA);(b)自杂交形成双链RNA分子的单链RNA分子;(c)双链双链RNA分子(dsRNA);(d)单链DNA分子(ssDNA);(e)自杂交形成双链DNA分子的单链DNA分子;及(f)转录成RNA分子的单链DNA分子,包括经过修饰的Pol III基因;(g)双链DNA分子(dsDNA);(h)转录成RNA分子的双链DNA分子,包括经过修饰的Pol III基因;(i)杂交的双链RNA/DNA分子;或其组合。在一些实施方案中,这些多核苷酸包括化学修饰的核苷酸或非经典核苷酸。在一些实施方案中,这些寡核苷酸可以为平末端的,或可以包含至少一条或两条链的1-5个核苷酸的3′突出。该寡核苷酸的其它配置是本领域中已知的并且涵盖于本文中。在该方法的实施方案中,这些多核苷酸包括通过分子内杂交形成的双链DNA、通过分子间杂交形成的双链DNA、通过分子内杂交形成的双链RNA或通过分子间杂交形成的双链RNA。在一个实施方案中,这些多核苷酸包括自杂交形成发夹结构的单链DNA或单链RNA,其具有至少部分双链的结构,包括至少一个将与由有待抑制的基因所转录的RNA杂交的区段。不希望受任何机制的束缚,据信这些多核苷酸产生或将产生具有至少一个将与由有待抑制的基因所转录的RNA杂交的区段的单链RNA。在某些其它实施方案中,这些多核苷酸另外包括启动子,一般是在植物中起作用的启动子,例如pol II启动子、pol III启动子、pol IV启动子或pol V启动子。
术语“基因”是指这样一些组分,其包含染色体DNA、质粒DNA、cDNA、内含子和外显子DNA、人工DNA多核苷酸,或编码肽、多肽、蛋白质或RNA转录物分子的其它DNA,以及侧接涉及表达调控的编码序列的遗传元件,诸如启动子区、5’前导区、3’非翻译区,这些遗传元件可以作为天然基因或转基因存在于植物基因组中。该基因或其片段被分离出来并且经历多核苷酸测序方法,这些方法将测定包含该基因的核苷酸的次序。该基因的任何组分都是触发寡核苷酸和多核苷酸的潜在靶。
触发多核苷酸分子被设计成通过诱导植物中内源PPG氧化酶基因的调控或抑制来调节表达,并且被设计成具有与植物内源PPG氧化酶基因(包括在植物中提供除草剂耐药性PPG氧化酶的转基因)的核苷酸序列或由植物内源PPG氧化酶基因转录的RNA序列基本上同一或基本上互补的核苷酸序列,这些核苷酸序列可以是编码序列或非编码序列。调节表达的有效分子被称为“触发分子或触发多核苷酸”。“基本上同一”或“基本上互补”意思指触发多核苷酸(或双链多核苷酸的至少一条链或其部分,或单链多核苷酸的一部分)被设计成与内源基因非编码序列或与由该内源基因转录的RNA(称为信使RNA或RNA转录物)杂交,以实现对该内源基因表达的调控或抑制。触发分子是通过用反义或有义多核苷酸的部分重叠的探针或非重叠探针“铺盖(tiling)”这些基因靶来鉴别,这些反义或有义多核苷酸与内源基因的核苷酸序列基本上同一或基本上互补。可以将多个靶序列对准并且根据这些方法将共有同源性的序列区域鉴别为多个靶的潜在触发分子。各种长度(例如18-25个核苷酸、26-50个核苷酸、51-100个核苷酸、101-200个核苷酸、201-300个核苷酸或更长)的多个触发分子可以汇集于少许处理中以便研究覆盖了一部分基因序列(例如,编码区的一部分对非编码区的一部分,或基因的5’部分对3’部分)或包括靶基因的编码区和非编码区在内的整个基因序列的多核苷酸分子。所汇集的触发分子的多核苷酸分子可以分成更小的集合或单个分子,以便鉴别出提供希望的作用的触发分子。
靶基因RNA和DNA多核苷酸分子(表1,SEQ ID NO:1-71)是通过许多可用的方法和设备进行测序。一些测序技术是可商购的,诸如Affymetrix公司(加利福尼亚州森尼维尔(Sunnyvale,Calif.))的杂交测序平台(sequencing-by-hybridization platform)以及454Life Sciences(康涅狄克州布莱德福德(Bradford,Conn.))、Illumina/Solexa(加利福尼州海沃德(Hayward,Calif))和Helicos Biosciences(马萨诸塞州剑桥(Cambridge,Mass.))的合成测序平台(sequencing-by-synthesis platform),及Applied Biosystems(加利福尼亚州福斯特市(Foster City,Calif.))的连接测序平台(sequencing-by-ligation platform),如下文所描述。除使用Helicos Biosciences的合成测序法进行的单分子测序外,该方法还涵盖其它单分子测序技术,并且包括Pacific Biosciences的SMRTTM技术、Ion TorrentTM技术以及由例如Oxford Nanopore Technologies开发的纳米孔测序技术。包含PPG氧化酶靶基因的DNA或RNA可以使用与SEQ ID NO:1-71或其片段基本上互补或基本上同源的引物或探针进行分离。聚合酶链反应(PCR)基因片段可以使用与SEQ ID NO:1-71或其片段基本上互补或基本上同源的引物来产生,该基因片度可用于从植物基因组中分离出PPG氧化酶基因。SEQ ID NO:1-71或其片段可以用于各种序列捕获技术中以分离另外的靶基因序列,例如,包括但不限于,Roche(威斯康星州麦迪逊(Madison,WI))和抗生蛋白链菌素偶联的(纽约州格兰德岛(GrandIsland,NY)的Life Technologies),以及US20110015284,该案以引用的方式整体并入本文中。
功能性单链多核苷酸的实施方案具有的序列互补性无需为100%,但至少足以允许与由靶基因或靶基因的DNA转录的RNA杂交,从而形成双链体以允许基因沉默机制。因此,在实施方案中,多核苷酸片段被设计成与靶PPG氧化酶基因序列或由该靶基因转录的信使RNA中的18个或更多个连续核苷酸的序列基本上同一或基本上互补。“基本上同一”意思指当与靶基因或由该靶基因转录的RNA中的18个或更多个连续核苷酸的序列相比较时,具有100%序列同一性,或至少约83%、84%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%序列同一性;“基本上互补”意思指当与靶基因或由该靶基因转录的RNA中的18个或更多个连续核苷酸的序列相比较时,具有100%序列互补性,或至少约83%、84%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%序列互补性。在一些实施方案中,多核苷酸分子被设计成与指定靶基因的一个等位基因或一个家族成员(基因的编码或非编码序列)具有100%序列同一性或互补性;在其它实施方案中,这些多核苷酸分子被设计成与指定靶基因的多个等位基因或家族成员具有100%序列同一性或互补性。序列表SEQ ID NO:1-2221或者表1、2或3中的触发多核苷酸序列可以与一部分PPG氧化酶靶基因序列互补或同源。
在某些实施方案中,组合物中使用的与靶基因或转录物基本上同一或基本上互补的多核苷酸将包含该组合物中的优势核酸。因此,在某些实施方案中,与靶基因或转录物基本上同一或基本上互补的多核苷酸将包含该组合物中所提供的至少约50%、75%、95%、98%或100%的核酸(以质量或摩尔浓度计)。然而,在某些实施方案中,与靶基因或转录物基本上同一或基本上互补的多核苷酸可以包含该组合物中所提供的至少约1%到约50%、约10%到约50%、约20%到约50%或约30%到约50%的核酸(以质量或摩尔浓度计)。还提供了这样一些组合物,其中与靶基因或转录物基本上同一或基本上互补的多核苷酸可以包含该组合物中所提供的至少约1%到100%、约10%到100%、约20%到约100%、约30%到约50%或约50%到100%的核酸(以质量或摩尔浓度计)。
“同一性”是指两个多核酸或蛋白质序列之间的相似性程度。这两个序列的比对是通过适合计算机程序进行的。广泛使用并且得到认可的用于进行序列比对的计算机程序是CLUSTALW v1.6(Thompson等,Nucl.Acids Res.,22:4673-4680,1994)。匹配碱基或氨基酸的数量除以碱基或氨基酸总数,并乘以100,得到同一性百分比。举例来说,如果两个有580个碱基对的序列具有145个匹配碱基,那么它们将为25%同一的。如果比较的两个序列具有不同长度,那么匹配的数量除以两个长度中较短的长度。举例来说,如果一个有200个氨基酸的蛋白质与一个有400个氨基酸的蛋白质之间有100个匹配的氨基酸,那么它们相对于较短的序列具有50%同一性。如果较短的序列的长度不到150个碱基或50个氨基酸,那么匹配的数量除以150(对于核酸碱基)或50(对于氨基酸),并乘以100,得到同一性百分比。
针对特定基因家族成员的触发分子可以由一种植物或多种植物的基因家族的编码和/或非编码序列,通过比对并从比对序列的最小同源区中选出200-300个多核苷酸片段来鉴别,并且使用局部施用的多核苷酸(有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA)进行评估以确定这些分子在诱导除草表型方面的相对功效。这些有效区段进一步细分成50-60个多核苷酸片段,根据最小同源性区分优先次序,并使用局部施用的多核苷酸进行再评估。这50-60个有效多核苷酸片段细分成19-30个多核苷酸片段,根据最小同源性区分优先次序,并再次针对产率/质量表型的诱导进行评估。一旦确定了相对功效,就单独地利用这些片段,或结合一种或多种其它片段对其再次评估,以确定用于提供产率/质量表型的触发组合物或触发多核苷酸的混合物。
用于广谱活性的触发分子可以由一种植物或多种植物的基因家族的编码和/或非编码序列,通过比对并从比对序列的最高同源性区域中选出200-300个多核苷酸片段来鉴别,并且使用局部施用的多核苷酸(有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA)进行评估以确定这些分子在诱导产率/质量表型方面的相对功效。这些有效区段进一步细分成50-60个多核苷酸片段,根据最高同源性区分优先次序,并使用局部施用的多核苷酸进行再评估。这50-60个有效多核苷酸片段细分成19-30个多核苷酸片段,根据最高同源性区分优先次序,并再次针对产率/质量表型的诱导进行评估。一旦确定了相对功效,就利用单独这些片段或其与一种或多种其它片段的组合,以确定用于提供产率/质量表型的触发组合物或触发多核苷酸的混合物。
制备多核苷酸的方法是本领域众所周知的。本领域中已知化学合成、体内合成及体外合成方法和组合物,并且包括各种病毒元件、微生物细胞、经过修饰的聚合酶及经过修饰的核苷酸。市面上的寡核苷酸制剂通常在有义链的3’端上提供两个脱氧核糖核苷酸。较长的多核苷酸分子可以由可商购的试剂盒来合成,例如Applied Biosystems/Ambion(德克萨斯州奥斯汀(Austin,TX)))的试剂盒在微生物表达盒中在5’端上连接有DNA,该微生物表达盒包括一个细菌T7聚合酶启动子,其产生能组装成dsRNA的RNA链;及由各种制造商提供的试剂盒,包括T7RiboMax Express(威斯康星州麦迪逊的Promega)、AmpliScribe T7-Flash(威斯康星州麦迪逊的Epicentre)及TranscriptAid T7HighYield(马里兰州格伦伯尼(Glen Burnie,MD)的Fermentas)。dsRNA分子可以由微生物表达盒在具有经过调控或不足的RNA酶III酶活性的细菌细胞中产生(Ongvarrasopone等,ScienceAsia33:35-39;Yin,Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol84:323-333,2009;Liu等,BMC Biotechnology10:85,2010),或使用各种病毒载体产生以产生足量的dsRNA。将PPG氧化酶基因片段插入微生物表达盒中表达这些片段以产生可用于本文所描述的方法中的ssRNA或dsRNA的位置中,以调控靶PPG氧化酶基因的表达。较长的多核苷酸分子还可以由多个RNA或DNA片段组装。在一些实施方案中,设计参数,诸如Reynolds评分(Reynold等,Nature Biotechnology22,326-330(2004));Tuschl规则((Pei和Tuschl,Nature Methods3(9):670-676,2006)、i评分(Nucleic Acids Res35:e123,2007)、i-Score Designer工具和相关算法(Nucleic Acids Res32:936-948,2004;Biochem Biophys Res Commun316:1050-1058,2004;Nucleic Acids Res32:893-901,2004;Cell Cycle3:790-5,2004;Nat Biotechnol23:995-1001,2005;Nucleic Acids Res35:e27,2007;BMC Bioinformatics7:520,2006;NucleicAcids Res35:e123,2007;Nat Biotechnol22:326-330,2004),是本领域中已知的并且可以用于选择有效进行基因沉默的多核苷酸序列。在一些实施方案中,针对预定植物的基因组DNA来筛选多核苷酸序列以使其它基因的无意沉默减到最少。
触发多核苷酸和寡核苷酸分子组合物呈组合物形式是有用的,所述组合物诸如包含在相同溶液中或在还提供转移剂的单独施用的液体中的单独的或与其它组分(例如一种或多种除草剂分子)一起组合的低浓度的这些多核苷酸分子的液体。尽管可用于这些方法中的多核苷酸分子的浓度和剂量不存在上限,但对于功效来说,一般需要较低的有效浓度和剂量。这些浓度可以根据喷药量或施用到植物叶子或其它植物部分表面(诸如花瓣、茎、块茎、果实、花粉囊、花粉或种子)的处理进行调整。在一个实施方案中,使用25聚体寡核苷酸分子对草本植物进行的有用处理是每株植物约1纳摩尔(nmol)寡核苷酸分子,例如每株植物约0.05到1nmol。有关草本植物的其它实施方案包括每株植物约0.05到约100nmol,或约0.1到约20nmol,或约1nmol到约10nmol多核苷酸的有用范围。极大的植物、树或藤本植物可能相应地需要较大量的多核苷酸。当使用能加工成多个寡核苷酸的长dsRNA分子时,可以使用较低的浓度。为了说明某些实施方案,当应用于寡核苷酸分子时,任意地使用因子1X来表示每株植物0.8nmol多核苷酸分子的处理;10X表示每株植物8nmol多核苷酸分子;并且100X表示每株植物80nmol多核苷酸分子。
多核苷酸组合物呈组合物形式是有用的,所述组合物诸如包含在相同液体中或在还提供转移剂的单独施用的液体中的单独的或与其它组分一起组合的低浓度的多核苷酸分子的液体。如本文所使用,转移剂是当与多核苷酸组合于局部施用于靶植物表面的组合物中时使该多核苷酸能够进入植物细胞的一种试剂。在某些实施方案中,转移剂是调节植物组织的表面(例如叶、茎、根、花或果实)以使多核苷酸分子能渗透入植物细胞中的一种试剂。通过向植物组织预先或同时施用多核苷酸转移剂可以有助于将多核苷酸转移到植物细胞中。在一些实施方案中,该转移剂是在施用了多核苷酸组合物之后施用。多核苷酸转移剂为多核苷酸穿过角质层蜡质屏障、气孔和/或细胞壁或膜屏障进入植物细胞中提供了一条途径。有助于多核苷酸转移到植物细胞中的适合转移剂包括增加植物外部的渗透性或增加植物细胞对寡核苷酸或多核苷酸的渗透性的试剂。这些有助于组合物转移到植物细胞中的试剂包括化学试剂,或物理试剂,或其组合。用于调节或转移的化学试剂包括(a)表面活性剂、(b)有机溶剂或含水溶液或有机溶剂的含水混合物、(c)氧化剂、(d)酸、(e)碱、(f)油、(g)酶,或其组合。该方法的实施方案可以任选地包括温育步骤、中和步骤(例如,中和酸、碱或氧化剂,或者使酶失活)、冲洗步骤或其组合。用于调节植物对多核苷酸的渗透的试剂或处理的实施方案包括乳液、反相乳液、脂质体及其它类胶束组合物。用于调节植物对多核苷酸的渗透的试剂或处理的实施方案包括平衡离子或已知与核酸分子结合的其它分子,例如无机铵离子、烷基铵离子、锂离子、多胺(诸如精胺、亚精胺或腐胺)及其它阳离子。可用于调节植物对多核苷酸的渗透的有机溶剂包括DMSO、DMF、吡啶、N-吡咯烷、六甲基磷酰胺、乙腈、二噁烷、聚丙二醇,与水可混溶或将磷酸核苷酸溶解于非水系统(诸如用于合成反应中)中的其它溶剂。可以使用含或不含表面活性剂或乳化剂的天然来源或合成的油,例如可以使用植物来源的油、作物油(诸如第9版《除草剂佐剂纲要》(9th Compendium ofHerbicide Adjuvants)中所列的那些,在国际互联网(网络)的herbicide.adjuvants.com上公开可用),例如石蜡油、多元醇脂肪酸酯,或具有用酰胺或多胺(诸如聚乙烯亚胺或N-吡咯烷)修饰的短链分子的油。转移剂包括但不限于,有机硅酮制剂。
配体可以拴系于多核苷酸,例如dsRNA、ssRNA、dsDNA或ssDNA。一般说来,配体可以包括修饰剂,例如用于增强吸收;诊断化合物或报告基团,例如用于监测分布;交联剂;赋予核酸酶抗性的部分;及天然或不常见核碱基。一般实例包括亲脂性试剂类、脂质类(例如胆固醇、胆汁酸或脂肪酸(例如石胆酸-油酰基、月桂酰基、二十二烷基、硬脂酰基、棕榈酰基、肉豆蔻酰基油酰基、亚油酰基))、类固醇(例如乌苏醇、龙舌蓝皂苷配基、薯蓣皂苷配基)、萜类(例如三萜类,例如萨洒皂草配基(sarsasapogenin)、无羁萜(Friedelin)、表无羁萜衍生化的石胆酸)、维生素类(例如叶酸、维生素A、生物素、吡哆醛)、碳水化合物类、蛋白质类、蛋白质结合剂类、整合素靶向性分子类、聚阳离子类、肽类、多胺类及肽模拟物类。该配体还可以是重组或合成分子,诸如合成聚合物,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、PEG-40K、PEG-20K及PEG-5K。配体的其它实例包括亲脂性分子,例如胆固醇、胆酸、金刚烷乙酸、1-芘丁酸、二氢睾酮、甘油(例如其酯和醚,例如C10、C11、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C17、C18、C19或C20烷基;例如月桂酰基、二十二烷基、硬脂酰基、油酰基、亚油酰基1,3-双-O(十六烷基)甘油、1,3-双-O(十八烷基)甘油)、香叶基氧己基、十六烷基甘油、龙脑、薄荷醇、1,3-丙二醇、十七烷基、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、O3-(油酰基)石胆酸、O3-(油酰基)胆烯酸、十二烷酰基、石胆基、5β-胆甾烷基、N,N-二硬脂基-石胆酰胺、1,2-二-O-硬脂酰基甘油酯、二甲氧基三苯甲基或吩噁嗪)及PEG(例如PEG-5K、PEG-20K、PEG-40K)。优选的亲脂性部分包括脂质、胆固醇、油酰基、视黄基或胆固醇基残基。
将配体与dsRNA结合可以增强其细胞吸收,已经结合于寡核苷酸的亲脂性化合物包括1-芘丁酸、1,3-双-O-(十六烷基)甘油及薄荷醇。用于受体介导的内吞作用的配体的一个实例是叶酸。叶酸通过叶酸酯受体介导的内吞作用进入细胞。带有叶酸的dsRNA化合物将经由叶酸酯受体介导的内吞作用有效转运到细胞中。已经结合于寡核苷酸的其它配体包括聚乙二醇、碳水化合物簇、交联剂、卟啉结合物、递送肽及脂质(诸如胆固醇)。在某些情形中,阳离子配体结合于寡核苷酸引起对核酸酶抗性的改善。阳离子配体的代表性实例是丙基铵和二甲基丙基铵。值得关注的是,据报导,当该阳离子配体分散于整个反义寡核苷酸时,该寡核苷酸能保持其与mRNA的高结合亲和力。参见M.Manoharan Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development2002,12,103及其中的参考文献。
生物递送可以通过多种方法实现,包括但不限于,(1)向脂质体装载本文提供的dsRNA酸分子及(2)将dsRNA分子与脂质或脂质体络合以形成核酸-脂质或核酸-脂质体络合物。该脂质体可以由常用于体外转染细胞的阳离子脂质和中性脂质构成。阳离子脂质可以与带负电的核酸络合(例如,电荷结合)以形成脂质体。阳离子脂质体的实例包括但不限于,Lipofectin、Lipofectamine、Lipofectace及DOTAP。用于形成脂质体的程序是本领域中众所周知的。脂质体组合物可以例如由磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆蔻酰基磷酰基甘油、二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺或包含二氢神经鞘磷脂(DHSM)的脂质体形成。多种亲脂性试剂是可商购的,包括Lipofectin.RTM.(加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德(Carlsbad,Calif.)的Invitrogen/LifeTechnologies)和EffecteneTM(加利福尼亚州瓦伦西亚(Valencia,Calif.)的Qiagen)。此外,可以使用可商购的阳离子脂质,诸如DDAB或DOTAP,对全身性递送方法进行优化,这些脂质各自可以与中性脂质(诸如DOPE或胆固醇)混合。在一些情况下,可以使用诸如Templeton等,Nature Biotechnology,15:647-652(1997)所描述的脂质体。在其它实施方案中,可以使用聚阳离子(诸如聚乙烯亚胺)来实现体内和离体递送(Boletta等,J.Am Soc.Nephrol.7:1728,1996)。有关使用脂质体递送核酸的其它信息可见于美国专利号6,271,359、PCT公布WO96/40964及Morrissey,D.等,2005,Nature Biotechnol.23(8):1002-7中。
在某些实施方案中,可以使用以L-77表面活性剂商购的有机硅酮制剂来制备多核苷酸组合物,该表面活性剂具有CAS编号27306-78-1和EPA编号:CAL.REG.NO.5905-50073-AA,并且目前可从MomentivePerformance Materials(纽约州奥尔巴尼(Albany,New York))获得。在使用SilwetL-77有机硅酮作为植物叶或其它植物表面的喷药前处理的某些实施方案中,新鲜制备的以重量计在约0.015到约2%(wt%)范围内(例如约0.01wt%、0.015wt%、0.02wt%、0.025wt%、0.03wt%、0.035wt%、0.04wt%、0.045wt%、0.05wt%、0.055wt%、0.06wt%、0.065wt%、0.07wt%、0.075wt%、0.08wt%、0.085wt%、0.09wt%、0.095wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%、0.6wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、1.3wt%、1.4wt%、1.5wt%、1.6wt%、1.7wt%、1.8wt%、1.9wt%、2.0wt%、2.1wt%、2.2wt%、2.3wt%、2.5wt%)的浓度可有效准备叶或其它植物表面以便将多核苷酸分子通过局部施用于该表面转移到植物细胞中。在本文提供的方法和组合物的某些实施方案中,使用或提供的组合物包含多核苷酸分子以及包含以重量计在约0.015到2%(wt%)范围内(例如约0.01wt%、0.015wt%、0.02wt%、0.025wt%、0.03wt%、0.035wt%、0.04wt%、0.045wt%、0.05wt%、0.055wt%、0.06wt%、0.065wt%、0.07wt%、0.075wt%、0.08wt%、0.085wt%、0.09wt%、0.095wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%、0.6wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、1.3wt%、1.4wt%、1.5wt%、1.6wt%、1.7wt%、1.8wt%、1.9wt%、2.0wt%、2.1wt%、2.2wt%、2.3wt%、2.5wt%)的Silwet L-77的有机硅酮制剂。
在某些实施方案中,可以使用所提供的任何可商购的有机硅酮制剂作为多核苷酸组合物中的转移剂,诸如以下的Breakthru S321、Breakthru S200(目录号67674-67-3)、Breakthru OE441(目录号68937-55-3)、Breakthru S278(目录号27306-78-1)、Breakthru S243、Breakthru S233(目录号134180-76-0),都可从制造商Evonik Goldschmidt(德国)获得;HS429、HS312、HS508、HS604(纽约州奥尔巴尼的Momentive PerformanceMaterials)。在使用有机硅酮制剂作为植物叶或其它表面的喷药前处理的某些实施方案中,新鲜制备的以重量计在约0.015到约2%(wt%)范围内(例如约0.01wt%、0.015wt%、0.02wt%、0.025wt%、0.03wt%、0.035wt%、0.04wt%、0.045wt%、0.05wt%、0.055wt%、0.06wt%、0.065wt%、0.07wt%、0.075wt%、0.08wt%、0.085wt%、0.09wt%、0.095wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%、0.6wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、1.3wt%、1.4wt%、1.5wt%、1.6wt%、1.7wt%、1.8wt%、1.9wt%、2.0wt%、2.1wt%、2.2wt%、2.3wt%、2.5wt%)的浓度可有效准备叶或其它植物表面以便将多核苷酸分子通过局部施用于该表面而转移到植物细胞中。在本文提供的方法和组合物的某些实施方案中,使用或提供的组合物包含多核苷酸分子以及以重量计在约0.015到2%(wt%)范围内(例如约0.01wt%、0.015wt%、0.02wt%、0.025wt%、0.03wt%、0.035wt%、0.04wt%、0.045wt%、0.05wt%、0.055wt%、0.06wt%、0.065wt%、0.07wt%、0.075wt%、0.08wt%、0.085wt%、0.09wt%、0.095wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%、0.6wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、1.3wt%、1.4wt%、1.5wt%、1.6wt%、1.7wt%、1.8wt%、1.9wt%、2.0wt%、2.1wt%、2.2wt%、2.3wt%、2.5wt%)的有机硅酮制剂。
本文提供的方法和组合物中所使用的有机硅酮制剂可以包含一种或多种有效有机硅酮化合物。如本文所使用,短语“有效有机硅酮化合物”是用于描述在使多核苷酸能够进入植物细胞中的有机硅酮制剂中所发现的任何有机硅酮化合物。在某些实施方案中,有效有机硅酮化合物可以使多核苷酸以允许多核苷酸介导的抑制植物细胞中靶基因表达的方式进入植物细胞中。一般说来,有效有机硅酮化合物包括但不限于,可以包含以下的化合物:i)共价连接的三硅烷氧基头基;ii)共价连接的烷基连接基,包括但不限于,正丙基连接基;iii)共价连接的聚二醇链;iv)端基。这些有效有机硅酮化合物的三硅氧烷头基包括但不限于,七甲基三硅氧烷。烷基连接基可以包括但不限于,正丙基连接基。聚二醇链包括但不限于,聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇。聚二醇链可以包含一种提供平均链长度“n”为约“7.5”的混合物。在某些实施方案中,平均链长度“n”可以在约5到约14间变化。端基可以包括但不限于,烷基,诸如甲基。据信,有效有机硅酮化合物包括但不限于,三硅氧烷乙氧化物表面活性剂或聚氧化烯改性的七甲基三硅氧烷。
(化合物I:聚环氧烷七甲基三硅氧烷,平均n=7.5)。
在某些实施方案中,将包含了含三硅氧烷头基的有机硅酮化合物的有机硅酮制剂用于本文提供的方法和组合物中。在某些实施方案中,将包含了含七甲基三硅氧烷头基的有机硅酮化合物的有机硅酮制剂用于本文提供的方法和组合物中。在某些实施方案中,将包含了化合物I的有机硅酮组合物用于本文提供的方法和组合物中。在某些实施方案中,将包含了化合物I的有机硅酮组合物用于本文提供的方法和组合物中。在本文提供的方法和组合物的某些实施方案中,使用或提供的组合物包含多核苷酸分子以及以重量计在约0.015到2%(wt%)范围内(例如约0.01wt%、0.015wt%、0.02wt%、0.025wt%、0.03wt%、0.035wt%、0.04wt%、0.045wt%、0.05wt%、0.055wt%、0.06wt%、0.065wt%、0.07wt%、0.075wt%、0.08wt%、0.085wt%、0.09wt%、0.095wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%、0.6wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、1.3wt%、1.4wt%、1.5wt%、1.6wt%、1.7wt%、1.8wt%、1.9wt%、2.0wt%、2.1wt%、2.2wt%、2.3wt%、2.5wt%)的一种或多种有效有机硅酮化合物。
组合物包括但不限于以下组分:一种或多种与PPG氧化酶基因序列(启动子、内含子、外显子、5’非翻译区、3’非翻译区)基本上同一或基本上互补的多核苷酸;转移剂,其使该多核苷酸进入植物细胞中;除草剂,其补充该多核苷酸的作用;一种或多种其它除草剂,其进一步增强该组合物的除草剂活性,或提供与该补充性除草剂不同的其它作用模式;各种盐和稳定剂,其增强呈该组合物各组分的混合物形式的该组合物的效用。
这些方法包括多核苷酸组合物的一次或多次施用以及用于调节植物对多核苷酸的渗透的渗透增强剂的一次或多次施用。当用于调节渗透的试剂是有机硅酮组合物或其中所含的化合物时,多核苷酸分子的实施方案是双链RNA寡核苷酸、单链RNA寡核苷酸、双链RNA多核苷酸、单链RNA多核苷酸、双链DNA寡核苷酸、单链DNA寡核苷酸、双链DNA多核苷酸、单链DNA多核苷酸、化学修饰的RNA或DNA寡核苷酸或其多核苷酸或混合物。
组合物和方法可用于调节植物细胞中内源PPG氧化酶基因(例如美国专利号7,838,263;6,084,155)或转基因PPG氧化酶基因(美国专利号7,842,856、7,485,777;美国专利公布20070050863)的表达。在各种实施方案中,PPG氧化酶基因包括编码(编码蛋白质或可翻译的)序列、非编码(不可翻译的)序列,或编码与非编码序列两者。组合物可以包括设计成靶向多个基因或者一个或多个基因的多个片段的多核苷酸和寡核苷酸。该靶基因可以包括靶基因的多个连续区段、靶基因的多个不连续区段、靶基因的多个等位基因或来自一个或多个物种的多个靶基因。
提供一种用于调节PPG氧化酶基因的表达的方法,包括(a)调节植物对多核苷酸的渗透;以及(b)用多核苷酸分子处理植物,其中这些多核苷酸分子包括在反义或有义取向上从靶PPG氧化酶基因克隆或以其它方式从靶PPG氧化酶基因鉴别的至少一个具有18个或更多个连续核苷酸的区段,由此这些多核苷酸分子渗透到该植物的内部并且诱导该靶基因的表达。调节和多核苷酸施用可以分开进行或在单个步骤中进行。当调节和多核苷酸施用是在分开的步骤中进行时,该调节可以在多核苷酸施用之前或可以在之后于数分钟、数小时或数天内进行。在一些实施方案中,可以对同一植物进行超过一个调节步骤或超过一次的多核苷酸分子施用。在该方法的实施方案中,该区段可以从靶基因的(a)编码(编码蛋白质)部分、(b)非编码部分(启动子和其它基因相关分子)或(c)编码与非编码部分克隆或鉴别。非编码部分包括DNA,诸如启动子区;或由提供RNA调控分子的DNA转录的RNA,包括但不限于:内含子、5’或3’非翻译区以及微RNA(miRNA)、反式作用siRNA、天然反义siRNA,及其它具有调控功能的小RNA或具有结构或酶功能的RNA,包括但不限于:核糖酶、核糖体RNA、t-RNA、适体及核糖开关。
所有出版物、专利及专利申请都以引用的方式并入本文中,其引用的程度就如同将每一个别出版物或专利申请特定并且个别地以引用的方式并入本文中一般。
所包括的以下实施例用于说明某些优选实施方案的实施例。本领域技术人员应当理解,以下实施例中披露的技术表示发明人发现的在本发明实践中良好起作用的方法,并且因此可以被认为构成其优选的实践模式的实施例。然而,依据本披露内容,本领域技术人员应当理解,在不背离本发明的精神和范围内的情况下,可以对所披露的具体实施方案进行许多修改,并且仍然获得相同或类似的结果。
实施例
实施例1.与PPG氧化酶基因序列相关的多核苷酸.
靶PPG氧化酶多核苷酸分子天然存在于白苋、匍匐苋、绿穗苋、凹头苋、长芒苋、西部苋、刺苋、萨恩博格氏苋(Amaranthus thunbergii)、皱果苋、三裂叶豚草、灰蓼头草、节节草、小蓬草、马唐、白苞猩猩草、扫帚草、多花黑麦草的基因组中,并且包括与鉴别为PPG氧化酶的多肽的表达相关的分子,这些分子包括调控分子、包含PPG氧化酶基因的编码和非编码区的cDNA及其片段,如表1中所示。
通过本领域中的标准方法从这些植物物种中提取出多核苷酸分子,例如,使用三唑试剂(Trizol Reagent)(加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德的Invitrogen Corp,目录号15596-018),遵循制造商的方案或其由多核苷酸提取本领域技术人员所作的可以提高所提取的RNA的回收率或纯度的修改方案来提取总RNA。简单地说,以1克研磨过的植物组织开始提取。预先等份10毫升(mL)三唑试剂至15mL锥形管中。向管中添加细粉并振荡直至均质。在室温(RT)下温育均质化样品5分钟(min),然后添加3mL氯仿。将管手动剧烈振荡15-30秒(sec)并在RT下温育3分钟。在4℃下,以每分钟7,000转(rpm)将管离心10分钟。水相转移到新的1.5mL管中并添加1体积冷的异丙醇。在RT下温育样品20-30分钟,并且在4℃下以10,000rpm离心10分钟。用Sigma级80%的乙醇洗涤团粒。去除上清液并对该团粒进行短暂空气干燥。将RNA团粒溶解于约200微升的经DEPC处理的水中。在65℃下短暂加热以溶解团粒并涡旋或用移液管吸取以使RNA团粒再悬浮。将RNA浓度调到1-2微克/微升。
使用EZNA SP Plant DNA Mini试剂盒(乔治亚州诺克罗斯(Norcross GA)的Omega Biotek,目录号D5511)和Lysing Matrix E管(Q-Biogen,目录号6914),遵循制造商的方案或其由多核苷酸提取本领域技术人员所作出的可以提高提取的DNA的回收率或纯度的修改方案来提取DNA。简单地说,在干冰上将研磨过的组织等分试样放入Lysing Matrix E管中,向每份样品添加800μl缓冲液SP1,在珠粒研磨器(bead beater)中均质化35-45秒,在冰上温育45-60秒,在RT下以≥14000rpm离心1分钟,向溶解产物中添加10微升RNA酶A,在65℃下温育10分钟,在RT下离心1分钟,添加280μl缓冲液SP2并涡旋直至混合,在冰上温育样品5分钟,在RT下以≥10,000g离心10分钟,将上清液以2ml收集管转移到均质仪柱中,在RT下以10,000g离心2分钟,将澄清的溶解产物转移到1.5ml微量离心管中,向澄清的溶解产物添加1.5体积缓冲液SP3,立即涡旋以获得均匀混合物,将多达650μl上清液转移到Hi-Bind柱中,以10,000g离心1分钟,重复,将100μl65℃的洗脱缓冲液施加到柱,在RT下以10,000g离心5分钟。
使用二代DNA测序仪,诸如454-FLX(康涅狄克州布莱德福德的Roche)、SOLiD(Applied Biosystems)及Genome分析仪(HiSeq2000,加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥(San Diego,CA)的Illumina),由从植物组织提取的DNA和RNA提供多核苷酸序列。原始序列数据汇编成重叠群(contig)。该重叠群序列被用于鉴别可以施用于植物以实现基因表达的调控的触发分子。
针对如SEQ ID NO1-71和表1中所陈述的PPG氧化酶基因和组装重叠群从各种似杂草植物物种的基因组DNA(gDNA)和编码DNA(cDNA)分离靶DNA序列(参看补充附件40_21(58640)Btablel.doxc)。
实施例2.与触发分子相关的多核苷酸
将表1的基因序列和片段分成带有25个多核苷酸重叠区的200个多核苷酸(200聚体)长度,并且显示于表2,SEQ ID NO:72-429中。对这些多核苷酸进行测试以选出在任何靶序列长度内最有效的触发区。触发多核苷酸被构建为有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA,或dsDNA/RNA杂交体形式,并且与基于有机硅酮的转移剂组合以提供多核苷酸制剂。将这些多核苷酸合并成每组具有两到三个多核苷酸的数组,每个多核苷酸使用4-8nmol。每个多核苷酸组是在转移剂存在下制备,并且与含有PPG氧化酶抑制剂的除草剂组合以施用于植物或具有植物的田地,或在施用该多核苷酸之后一到三天,随后进行PPG氧化酶抑制剂处理,以确定对于植物对PPG氧化酶抑制剂的易感性的影响。该影响是以阻碍植物生长和/或杀死植物来测量并且在用多核苷酸组和PPG氧化酶抑制剂处理之后8-14天测量的。鉴别出最有效的组,并且以与这些组相同的方法测试个别多核苷酸,并鉴别出最有效的单个200聚体。将该200聚体序列分成带有10-15个多核苷酸重叠区的具有50-70聚体区域的较小序列,并且对这些多核苷酸单独进行测试。最有效的50-70聚体进一步分成带有12到13个多核苷酸重叠区的具有25聚体区域的较小序列,并结合PPG氧化酶抑制剂处理测试功效。利用这一方法,有可能鉴别出作为最有效触发分子以实现植物对PPG氧化酶抑制剂的敏感性或调节PPG氧化酶基因表达的一个寡核苷酸或若干寡核苷酸。PPG氧化酶基因表达的调节是通过检测PPG氧化酶基因特异性PPG氧化酶siRNA分子,或通过观察所产生的PPG氧化酶RNA转录物的量相对于未处理植物的减少,或通过仅仅观察施用触发因子与含PPG氧化酶抑制剂的除草剂的预期表型来确定。siRNA的检测可以例如使用如mirVana(德克萨斯州奥斯汀(Austin TX)的Ambion)和mirPremier(密苏里州圣路易斯(St Louis,MO)的Sigma-Aldrich)等试剂盒来实现。
将针对如SEQ ID NO1-71中所陈述的PPG氧化酶基因以及组装重叠群从各种似杂草植物物种的基因组DNA(gDNA)和编码DNA(cDNA)分离的靶DNA序列分成多核苷酸片段,如表2中所示(参看补充附件40_21(58640)Btable2.docx)并且如SEQ ID NO72-1381中所陈述。
比较表1的基因序列和片段,并鉴别出在各种PPG氧化酶基因序列内具有同源性的21聚体的连续多核苷酸。目的在于鉴别出可用作除草剂分子或与众多杂草种类内的PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂组合的触发分子。表3中所示的序列表示在表1的至少八个杂草种类的PPG氧化酶基因中存在的21聚体。预期其它21聚体可以选自表1中的对某一属内的单一杂草种类或数个杂草种类具有特异性的序列;或为至少18个连续核苷酸、至少19个连续核苷酸、至少20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其片段的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一的触发分子。
利用这一方法,有可能鉴别出作为最有效触发分子以实现植物对PPG氧化酶抑制剂的敏感性或调节PPG氧化酶基因表达的一个寡核苷酸或若干寡核苷酸。PPG氧化酶基因表达的调节是通过检测PPG氧化酶基因特异性PPG氧化酶siRNA分子,或通过观察所产生的PPG氧化酶RNA转录物的量相对于未处理植物的减少来确定。siRNA的检测可以例如使用如mirVana(德克萨斯州奥斯汀的Ambion)和mirPremier(密苏里州圣路易斯的Sigma-Aldrich)等试剂盒来实现。
将针对如SEQ ID NO1-71中所陈述的PPG氧化酶基因以及组装重叠群从各种似杂草植物物种的基因组DNA(gDNA)和编码DNA(cDNA)分离的靶DNA序列分成片段,如表3中所示(参看补充附件40_21(58640)Btable3.docx)并且如SEQ ID NO1382-2221中所陈述。
实施例3.与使用触发分子的局部用混合物处理植物或植物部分相关的方法.
使草甘膦敏感性长芒苋(长芒苋R-22)植物在温室(30/20℃白天/黑夜温度;14小时光周期)中于含有SunRedi-Earth和3.5kg/m3 14-14-14肥料的4平方英寸罐中生长。用在含有2%硫酸铵和0.5%Silwet L-77的10毫摩尔浓度磷酸钠缓冲液(pH6.8)中配制的16nmol靶向PPG氧化酶编码或非编码区的短(24-25聚体)单链反义寡DNA多核苷酸(ssDNA)的混合物对5到10cm高的长芒苋进行预处理。通过用移液管吸取10μL多核苷酸溶液到四片完全展开的成熟叶上,对植物进行手动处理,每株植物总计40微升溶液。二十四小时和四十八小时之后,用22g ai/ha的氟磺胺草醚(Reflex)和4g ai/ha的丙炔氟草胺(Valor)处理植物,将1%的作物油浓缩物(crop oil concentrate,COC)添加到杀虫剂处理中。配制物对照是不含DNA多核苷酸的缓冲液和佐剂。每个处理重复四次。在即将进行ssDNA处理之前以及在除草剂处理之后以长达十四天(dat)的时间间隔测量植物高度,以确定寡核苷酸和除草剂处理的作用。图1和图2中所示的结果证明,寡核苷酸处理增强了氟磺胺草醚和丙炔氟草胺两者的除草活性。
在所述方案中使用了包含表4中所示的八个反义ssDNA寡核苷酸的集合来处理长芒苋植物,并且对个别寡核苷酸和各种寡核苷酸组合的功效进行测试。意外的是,需要有3个含8个寡核苷酸的寡核苷酸集合(oligo3、5及7)来再现用该含8个寡核苷酸的集合所观察到的作用,并且该3个寡核苷酸中仅2个的组合不能有效提供增强的除草剂敏感性。这一针对长芒苋的活性的结果于图3中说明,相同的3个寡核苷酸也对相关物种水麻草(西部苋(Amaranthus rudis))具有活性。
表4.反义ssDNA PPG氧化酶寡核苷酸
OLIGO1 | SEQ ID NO:2214 | GTGATATTACCTCCAACACGAT |
OLIGO2 | SEQ IDNO:2215 | ATAGTAAGCACAGGATCGGAG |
OLIGO3 | SEQ IDNO:2216 | CTTTCAATCCACTGTCAACCG |
OLIGO4 | SEQ IDNO:2217 | ATCAAGCGTTCGAAGACCTCAT |
OLIGO5 | SEQ IDNO:2218 | CAGCAATGGCGGTAGGTAACA |
OLIGO6 | SEQ IDNO:2219 | GCAATTGCCCGAATCCTTTTA |
OLIGO7 | SEQ IDNO:2220 | TAGCTCAAtATCAAGGTCCTA |
OLIGO8 | SEQ IDNO:2221 | TCATAAGCACCCTCTATACAC |
实施例4.控制田地中杂草的方法.
一种控制田地中杂草的方法包括了使用能调节一种或多种靶杂草植物物种中PPG氧化酶基因的表达的触发多核苷酸。在表3(SEQ ID NO:1381-2221)中,对来自十七个植物物种的PPG氧化酶基因序列的分析提供了可用于组合物中以影响生长或发育或对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂的敏感性,从而控制田地中的多个杂草种类的21聚体多核苷酸的集合。含有表3中的1或2或3或4种或更多种多核苷酸的组合物将实现针对田地环境中出现的多个杂草种类的组合物的广泛活性。
该方法包括产生一种组合物,所述组合物包含:多种组分,包括与SEQ IDNO:1-71或其片段基本上同一或基本上互补的至少一种表3多核苷酸或任何其它有效基因表达调节多核苷酸;转移剂,其将该多核苷酸移到植物细胞中;以及PPG氧化酶抑制性除草剂,和任选的调节必需基因表达的多核苷酸,及任选的具有与PPG氧化酶抑制剂不同的作用模式的除草剂。该组合物中的多核苷酸包括dsRNA、ssDNA或dsDNA,或其组合。取决于多核苷酸的大小和该组合物中多核苷酸的数量,含有多核苷酸的组合物可以具有每英亩约1到30克或更高的使用量。必要时,该组合物可以包括一种或多种其它除草剂以提供有效的多物种杂草控制。具有需要杂草植物控制的作物的田地是通过喷洒施用该组合物来处理。该组合物可以作为桶混合剂、连续的组分处理(一般用多核苷酸,随后用除草剂)或来自单独容器的该组合物的一种或多种组分的同时处理或混合来提供。田地的处理可以按需要进行以提供杂草控制,并且该组合物的组分可以被调整成靶向特定杂草种类或杂草科。
实施例5.包含杀虫剂的除草用组合物
提供了在具有PPG氧化酶抑制剂耐药性作物的田地中控制杂草和植物害虫和病原体的方法,其中该方法包括施用一种包含PPG氧化酶触发多核苷酸、PPG氧化酶抑制剂组合物及虫害控制剂混合物的组合物。举例来说,该混合物包含杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、生长调控剂、化学绝育剂、化学信息素、驱避剂、引诱剂、信息素、取食剌激剂或其它生物活性化合物或生物剂,诸如微生物。
举例来说,该混合物包含杀真菌化合物以用于PPG氧化酶抑制剂耐药性作物,从而防止或控制由植物真菌病原体引起的植物病害。该混合物中的杀真菌化合物可以是内吸性或接触性杀真菌剂,或各自的混合物。更具体地说,该杀真菌化合物包括但不限于,化学试剂嗜球果伞素类(strobilurin)、三唑类、氯腈类、甲酰胺类及其混合物的成员。该组合物可以另外具有一种包含杀昆虫化合物或试剂的混合物。
针对用于大豆和玉米中以控制叶部病害和害虫,对混有杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂或两者的PPG氧化酶触发寡核苷酸和PPG氧化酶抑制剂(例如氟磺胺草醚)桶混合剂进行测试。测试旨在开发一种使用触发寡核苷酸以及氟磺胺草醚配制物和各种可商购的杀真菌剂的混合物进行杂草控制和虫害控制的方法。在田间试验区种植大豆或玉米。所有试验区都在种植后约3周,接受种植后施用的PPG氧化酶触发因子+氟磺胺草醚。在大豆发育的R1阶段(第一次开花)或玉米抽穗阶段,使用触发因子+氟磺胺草醚或触发因子+氟磺胺草醚+杀真菌剂+杀昆虫剂的混合物来处理试验区。获取以下数据:在R1处理之后7天和21天时的杂草控制%、处理之后5天的大豆安全性%(坏死%、萎黄%、生长速率%)、病害分类、虫害分类及产量(蒲式耳/英亩)。这些混合物和处理被设计成同时提供杂草与虫害控制,诸如真菌虫害控制,例如叶锈病;及昆虫的虫害控制,例如蚜虫、粘虫、尺蠖、甲虫、九香虫及叶蝉。
农用化学品被提供于适于安全储存、运输和分配、化学组合物的稳定性的容器中,混有溶剂并附有使用说明书。容器具有触发寡核苷酸+除草剂+杀真菌化合物的混合物,或触发寡核苷酸+除草化合物和杀昆虫化合物,或触发寡核苷酸+除草化合物以及杀真菌化合物和杀昆虫化合物(例如λ-氯氟氰菊酯,)的混合物。该容器可以另外提供有关有效使用该混合物的说明书。本发明的容器可以由适于储存化学混合物的任何材料制成。本发明的容器可以由适于装运化学混合物的任何材料制成。该材料可以是纸板、塑料、金属或这些材料的复合物。根据需要,该容器的体积可以是0.5升、1升、2升、3-5升、5-10升、10-20升、20-50升或更大体积。提供了具有触发寡核苷酸+除草化合物和杀真菌化合物的桶混合剂,施用于作物以达到每种化合物的有效剂量的方法是本领域普通技术人员已知的,并且可以取决于作物、气候条件及所使用的施用设备进行改进和进一步开发。
杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、生长调控剂、化学绝育剂、化学信息素、驱避剂、引诱剂、信息素、取食剌激剂或其它生物活性化合物可以添加到触发寡核苷酸中以形成多组分杀虫剂,从而得到甚至更广谱的农业防护。可以与本发明的化合物一起配制的这些农业防护剂的实例为:杀昆虫剂,诸如阿维菌素、高灭磷、甲基谷硫磷、联苯菊酯、噻嗪酮、克百威、溴虫腈、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、氟氯氰菊酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、λ-氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、丁嘧脲、二嗪磷、除虫脲、乐果、氰戊菊酯、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟氰戊菊酯、τ-氟胺氰菊酯、地虫磷(fonophos)、吡虫啉、异丙胺磷、马拉硫磷、聚乙醛(metaldehyde)、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧氯(methoxychlor)、7-氯-2,5-二氢-2-[[N-(甲氧羰基)-N-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-4a(3H)-甲酸甲酯(DPX-JW062)、久效磷、杀线威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷酰胺酮(phosphamidon)、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、鱼藤酮、硫丙磷、抑虫肼、七氟菊酯、特丁硫磷、杀虫威、硫双威、四溴菊酯、敌百虫(trichlorfon)及杀铃脲;最优选PPG氧化酶抑制剂化合物用杀真菌化合物或杀真菌剂的组合配制,诸如腈嘧菌酯、苯菌灵、杀稻瘟菌素S(blasticidin-S)、波尔多(Bordeaux)混合物(三元硫酸铜)、糠菌唑、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹、多菌灵、地茂散、百菌清、氧氯化铜、铜盐、霜脲氰、环丙唑醇、嘧菌环胺(CGA219417)、哒菌酮、氯硝胺(dicloran)、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、烯唑醇、甲基烯唑醇、多果定(dodine)、敌瘟磷、氟环唑(BAS480F)、恶唑菌酮、氯苯嘧啶醇、腈苯唑、拌种咯、苯锈啶、粉锈啉、氟啶胺、喹唑菌酮、氟硅唑、氟酰胺、粉唑醇、灭菌丹、三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、呋霜灵(furalaxyl)、六那唑、种菌唑、异稻瘟净、异菌脲、稻瘟灵、春雷霉素、醚菌酯、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰、灭锈胺、甲霜灵、叶菌唑、7-苯并噻唑硫代甲酸S-甲酯(CGA245704)、腈菌唑、新止吐嗪(neo-asozin)(甲烷胂酸铁)、恶霜灵、戊菌唑、戊菌隆、烯丙苯噻唑、咪酰胺、丙环唑、啶斑肟、百快隆、喹氧灵、葚孢菌素(KWG4168)、硫、戊唑醇、四氟醚唑、噻菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、福美双(thiram)、三唑酮、三唑醇、三环唑、布洛芬、灭菌唑、井冈霉素及乙烯菌核利;杀真菌剂组合物是常用的,例如环丙唑醇与腈嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑与精甲霜灵、氟菌腈(fludioxonil)与精甲霜灵、代森锰锌与精甲霜灵、氢氧化铜与精甲霜灵、嘧菌环胺与氟菌腈、环丙唑醇与丙环唑;用于控制亚洲大豆锈菌病的可商购的杀真菌剂配制品包括但不限于,(Syngenta Corp)、(Syngenta Corp)、Echo(Sipcam Agro Inc)、 2.09EC(BASF Corp)、3.6EC(Syngenta Corp)、PropiMaxTM3.6EC(Dow Agro Sciences)、41.8EC(MakhteshimAgan)、3.6F(Bayer CropScience)、25EC(Dow AgroSciences)、LaredoTM25EW(DowAgroSciences)、2.08F(Bayer Corp)、DomarkTM125SL(Sipcam Agro USA)及38%WDG(BASF Corp),其可以与本发明中所描述的PPG氧化酶抑制剂组合物组合以增强对真菌病害的防护;杀线虫剂,诸如涕灭砜威和克线磷;杀细菌剂,诸如链霉素;杀螨剂,诸如双甲脒、灭螨猛、乙基杀螨醇、三环锡、三氯杀螨醇、除螨灵、乙螨唑、喹螨醚、苯丁锡、甲氰菊酯、唑螨酯、噻螨酮、炔螨特、哒螨灵及吡螨胺;以及生物剂,诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ内毒素、杆状病毒以及昆虫病原细菌、病毒和真菌。
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Claims (31)
1.一种植物控制方法,包括:用包含多核苷酸和转移剂的组合物处理植物,其中所述多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段的RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,所述植物生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述转移剂是有机硅酮表面活性剂组合物或其中所含的化合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述多核苷酸片段为18个连续核苷酸、19个连续核苷酸、20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述多核苷酸片段选自有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA,或dsDNA/RNA杂交体。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述植物选自:白苋、匍匐苋、绿穗苋、凹头苋、长芒苋、西部苋、刺苋、萨恩博格氏苋、皱果苋、三裂叶豚草、灰蓼头草、节节草、小蓬草、马唐、白苞猩猩草、扫帚草及多花黑麦草。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物另外包含所述PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂并且向植物外部施用所述组合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述组合物另外包含一种或多种不同于所述PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂的除草剂。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含所述多核苷酸片段中两个或更多个的任何组合并且向植物外部施用所述组合物。
9.一种包含多核苷酸和转移剂的组合物,其中所述多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶基因序列,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列的RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,并且由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述转移剂是有机硅酮组合物。
11.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述多核苷酸片段为18个连续核苷酸、19个连续核苷酸、20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一。
12.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述多核苷酸选自SEQ ID NO:72-1381。
13.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述多核苷酸选自SEQ ID NO:1382-2221。
14.如权利要求9所述的组合物,另外包含PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂。
15.如权利要求14所述的组合物,其中所述PPG氧化酶抑制剂分子选自:氟锁草醚-Na、治草醚、氯硝醚、草枯醚、氯氟草醚乙酯、乙羧氟草醚乙酯、氟磺胺草醚、氟硝磺酰胺、乳氟禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚、异丙吡草酯、吡草醚、吲哚酮草酯、丙炔氟草胺、氟烯草酸戊酯、氟噻甲草酯、噻二唑草胺、恶草灵、丙炔恶草酮、双唑草腈、氟哒嗪草酯、草芬定、唑酮草酯、苯嘧磺草胺、甲磺草胺、环戊恶草酮、双苯嘧草酮、布芬草、双唑草腈及氟唑草胺。
16.如权利要求14所述的组合物,另外包含共除草剂。
17.一种减少植物中PPG氧化酶基因的表达的方法,包括:向植物外部施用包含多核苷酸和转移剂的组合物,其中所述多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列或其片段的RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,由此所述PPG氧化酶基因的所述表达相对于未施用所述组合物的植物有所减少。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述转移剂是有机硅酮化合物。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述多核苷酸片段为19个连续核苷酸、20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述多核苷酸分子选自有义或反义ssDNA或ssRNA、dsRNA或dsDNA,或dsDNA/RNA杂交体。
21.一种微生物表达盒,包含长度为18个连续核苷酸、19个连续核苷酸、20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一的多核苷酸片段。
22.一种制备多核苷酸的方法,包括a)将如权利要求21所述的微生物表达盒转化到微生物中;b)使所述微生物生长;c)从所述微生物收获多核苷酸,其中所述多核苷酸为至少18个连续核苷酸、至少19个连续核苷酸、至少20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸长度并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一。
23.一种鉴别当外部处理植物时可用于调节PPG氧化酶基因表达的多核苷酸的方法,包括:a)提供多种多核苷酸,所述多核苷酸包含与长度为18个连续核苷酸、19个连续核苷酸、20个连续核苷酸或至少21个连续核苷酸并且与选自SEQ ID NO:1-71的PPG氧化酶基因序列至少85%同一的多核苷酸片段基本上同一或基本上互补的区域;b)用所述多核苷酸中的一种或多种和转移剂外部处理所述植物;c)针对PPG氧化酶基因表达的调节对所述植物或提取物进行分析,并且由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述植物选自:白苋、匍匐苋、绿穗苋、凹头苋、长芒苋、西部苋、刺苋、萨恩博格氏苋、皱果苋、三裂叶豚草、灰蓼头草、节节草、小蓬草、马唐、白苞猩猩草、扫帚草及多花黑麦草。
25.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因表达相对于未用所述多核苷酸片段和转移剂处理的植物有所减少。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述转移剂是有机硅酮化合物。
27.一种包含多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂和共除草剂的混合物的农用化学组合物,其中所述多核苷酸与一部分PPG氧化酶基因序列,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列的一部分RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,并且由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
28.如权利要求27所述的农用化学组合物,其中所述共除草剂选自:酰胺除草剂类、含砷除草剂类、苯并噻唑除草剂类、苯甲酰基环己二酮除草剂类、烷基磺酸苯并呋喃基酯除草剂类、环己烯肟除草剂类、环丙基异噁唑除草剂类、二甲酰亚胺除草剂类、二硝基苯胺除草剂类、二硝基苯酚除草剂类、二硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂类、甘氨酸除草剂类、卤代脂肪烃除草剂类、咪唑啉酮除草剂类、无机除草剂类、腈除草剂类、有机磷除草剂类、噁二唑酮除草剂类、噁唑除草剂类、苯氧基除草剂类、苯二胺除草剂类、哒嗪除草剂类、哒嗪酮除草剂类、吡啶除草剂类、嘧啶二胺除草剂类、嘧啶氧基苯甲胺除草剂类、季铵除草剂类、硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂类、硫代碳酸酯除草剂类、硫脲除草剂类、三嗪除草剂类、三嗪酮除草剂类、三唑酮除草剂类、三唑并嘧啶除草剂类、尿嘧啶除草剂类及脲除草剂类。
29.一种包含多核苷酸与PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂和杀虫剂的混合物的农用化学组合物,其中所述多核苷酸与一部分PPG氧化酶基因序列,或与所述PPG氧化酶基因序列的一部分RNA转录物基本上同一或基本上互补,其中所述PPG氧化酶基因序列选自SEQ ID NO:1-71或其多核苷酸片段,由此具有需要杂草和虫害控制的作物的田地用所述组合物进行处理,并且由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
30.如权利要求29所述的农用化学组合物,其中所述杀虫剂选自:杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、生长调控剂、化学绝育剂、化学信息素、驱避剂、引诱剂、信息素、取食剌激剂及生物杀虫剂。
31.一种除草剂混合物,包含PPG氧化酶抑制剂以及含SEQ ID NO:2216、2218和2220的多核苷酸混合物,并且由此相对于未用所述组合物处理的植物,用所述组合物处理的植物的生长或发育或繁殖能力得到调控、抑制或延迟,或所述植物因所述含多核苷酸的组合物而对PPG氧化酶抑制剂除草剂或有丝分裂抑制剂除草剂更敏感。
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EP2755988A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2755988A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
AR088155A1 (es) | 2014-05-14 |
UY34328A (es) | 2013-04-30 |
AU2012308659A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2755988B1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
BR112014005979A8 (pt) | 2017-09-12 |
WO2013040116A9 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
US9416363B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
WO2013040116A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
MX362812B (es) | 2019-02-13 |
UA116093C2 (uk) | 2018-02-12 |
MX2014003076A (es) | 2014-07-28 |
US20130254941A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
EP3434780A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
MX343071B (es) | 2016-10-21 |
AU2012308659B2 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
CA2848695A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
BR112014005979A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
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