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發

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 发, 発, and 彂
發 U+767C, 發
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767C
← 登
[U+767B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 白 →
[U+767D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes
Traditional 發
Shinjitai 発
Simplified 发

Han character

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發 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓人弓竹水 (NONHE), four-corner 12247, composition ⿱癶𭚧 or ⿹癹弓)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 784, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1194, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2761, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+767C

Chinese

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trad. 發
simp. 发*
alternative forms
発
㢭
𤼲
𤼵
彂
発
㢭
𤼲
𤼵
彂
活 (stirred with water)
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (癹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
發 *pad
癹 *pʰaːd, *baːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd).

Etymology 1

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STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”).

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”).

A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • fat - literary;
  • pot - vernacular.
Note:
  • buók - vernacular;
  • huák - literary.
Note:
  • hoat - literary;
  • hoa̍t - only in 發落 and “stirred with water”.
Note:
  • huêg4 - Chaozhou;
  • huag4 - Shantou;
  • biuh4 - vernacular, in some words;
  • baoh4 - vernacular, in some words.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: huag4 / bhag4
      • Sinological IPA: /huak̚⁵/, /bak̚⁵/
Note:
  • huag4 - vernacular;
  • bhag4 - literary.
Rime
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方伐切
Baxter pjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puat̚/
Li
Rong 		/piuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.pat/
English fly forth, send forth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
No. 164
Phonetic
component 		癹
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		髮
Old
Chinese 		/*pad/

Definitions

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發

  1. to shoot; to launch
    發射／发射  ―  fāshè  ―  to shoot; (of space vehicle) to launch
  2. to issue
    發佈／发布  ―  fābù  ―  to release
    發號施令／发号施令  ―  fāhàoshīlìng  ―  to give orders
    1. to distribute
      發行／发行  ―  fāxíng  ―  to distribute; to circulate; to issue (securities)
      發傳單／发传单  ―  fā chuándān  ―  to distribute leaflets
      發工資／发工资  ―  fā gōngzī  ―  to pay out wages
    2. to ship; to send for delivery
      發貨／发货  ―  fāhuò  ―  to ship goods
    3. to post; to send message
      發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to send a telegram
      發微博／发微博  ―  fā Wēibó  ―  to post an update to Weibo
      發推特／发推特  ―  fā Tuītè  ―  to post an update to Twitter; to tweet
      發錯群／发错群  ―  fā cuò qún  ―  to post to the wrong group
      發電子郵件／发电子邮件  ―  fā diànzǐyóujiàn  ―  to send an e-mail
    4. to publish
      刊發／刊发  ―  kānfā  ―  to publish (in press media)
      發表論文／发表论文  ―  fābiǎo lùnwén  ―  to publish a research work
    5. to emit
      發光／发光  ―  fāguāng  ―  to emit light
      發音／发音  ―  fāyīn  ―  to pronounce; to vocalise
      煥發／焕发  ―  huànfā  ―  (figuratively) to radiate
    6. to escape
      發散／发散  ―  fāsàn  ―  to diverge
      蒸發／蒸发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to evaporate
      揮發性／挥发性  ―  huīfāxìng  ―  volatility
    7. (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom
      發芽／发芽  ―  fāyá  ―  to germinate
    8. (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.)
      喙齒發出來矣。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      喙齿发出来矣。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      Chhùi-khí hoat chhut-lâi ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      The teeth have grown out.
  3. to depart; to leave
    始發站／始发站  ―  shǐfāzhàn  ―  station of departure
    發往北京的列車／发往北京的列车  ―  fā wǎng Běijīng de lièchē  ―  train leaving for Beijing
  4. to dispatch
    發兵／发兵  ―  fābīng  ―  to dispatch troops
    徵發／征发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to requisition
  5. to expand; to extend; to spread
    發揚／发扬  ―  fāyáng  ―  to promote
    發展／发展  ―  fāzhǎn  ―  to develop; to enhance
    發條／发条  ―  fātiáo  ―  coiled spring; clockwork (literally, “expanding strip)”)
    1. to rise; to emerge
      發跡／发迹  ―  fājì  ―  to rise to prominence
    2. (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune
      暴發戶／暴发户  ―  bàofāhù  ―  parvenu/e
      他發了。／他发了。  ―  Tā fā le.  ―  He has made a fortune.
      伊這氣咧發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      伊这气咧发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      I chit-khùi leh hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      He's making a fortune at this time.
    3. (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening
      發糕／发糕  ―  fāgāo  ―  fa gao (a porous rice dessert)
      麵還沒發好。／面还没发好。  ―  Miàn háiméi fā hǎo.  ―  The dough has not yet fully risen.
      1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening
        這床發粿有發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
        这床发粿有发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
        Chit sn̂g hoat-ké ū hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
        This basket of fa gao has bloomed like a flower.
  6. to initiate; to give start to
    發動／发动  ―  fādòng  ―  to start (an engine)
    自發／自发  ―  zìfā  ―  spontaneous; voluntary (literally, “self-initiated”)
    後發制人／后发制人  ―  hòufāzhìrén  ―  to overpower the opponent by reacting to their (ill-advised) initiative; to win by not striking the first
    激發／激发  ―  jīfā  ―  to stimulate
  7. to generate; to produce
    發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to generate electric power
  8. to become; to get into a certain state
    發燒／发烧  ―  fāshāo  ―  to have a fever
    發狂／发狂  ―  fākuáng  ―  to go mad
    發呆／发呆  ―  fādāi  ―  to be in a daze
    發情／发情  ―  fāqíng  ―  to be in oestrus
    發覺／发觉  ―  fājué  ―  to become aware
  9. ⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts
    發掘／发掘  ―  fājué  ―  to excavate; to unearth; (figurative) to develop
    發軔／发轫  ―  fārèn  ―  to start (literally, “to unblock the wheels”)
    發現／发现  ―  fāxiàn  ―  to discover; discovery
  10. to make manifest; to express; to act out
    發誓／发誓  ―  fāshì  ―  to swear an oath
    發怒／发怒  ―  fānù  ―  to act out one's anger; to hit out
    揭發／揭发  ―  jiēfā  ―  to expose (wrongdoing, scandal, etc.)
    發表意見／发表意见  ―  fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's opinions
    發愁／发愁  ―  fāchóu  ―  to be anxious
  11. (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate
    發明／发明  ―  fāmíng  ―  to explain clearly; to invent
    啟發／启发  ―  qǐfā  ―  to inspire; to enlighten
  12. Classifier for ammunition.
    一發炮彈／一发炮弹  ―  yī fā pàodàn  ―  one shell
  13. (slang) Classifier for ejaculation.
  14. (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out
    藥性未發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    药性未发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Io̍h sèng bē hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The effect of the medicine hasn't shown yet.
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten
    米囥甲發去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    米囥甲发去。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Bí khǹg kah hoat khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The rice was stored until it went bad.
  16. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water
    灰發甲真透。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    灰发甲真透。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Hoe hoat kah chin thàu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The lime reacted with water pretty thoroughly.
  17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.)
Synonyms
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  • (to distribute):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (發):
  • → Vietnamese: phát (發)

Others:

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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發

  1. † bent; crooked
  2. † Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”).

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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發

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see 暴 (“to sprout”).
(This character is a variant form of 暴).

References

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  • “發”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “发”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

発

Kyūjitai

發

Kanji

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發

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 発

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
發
はつ
Hyōgai
kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry.
【発】3
[kanji] third grade kanji
[kanji] set off, depart
[kanji] start from
[kanji] emit
[kanji] discharge
[kanji] disclose
[kanji] occur
(This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
發
ハツ
Hyōgai
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry.
【𤼵】H
[kanji] hyōgai kanji
Kanji reading:
ほち, ほつ, はつ
(This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 發 (MC pjot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 버ᇙ〮 (Yale: pélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 베플 (Yale: peyphul) 발 (Yale: pal)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))

  1. hanja form? of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of [[발#Korean:_發|발]] (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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發: Hán Nôm readings: phát, phắt, phết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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