anaphase

Cytogenetics results.--In the three types of females analyzed, stages of mitotic metaphases and meiotic anaphases were observed with two chromosomal complements.

The Chromosomal changes observed (Figure 3) were mainly colchicine, disorganized metaphases, multipolar anaphases and with loss of chromosomes.

Chromosomal Alterations Index (CAI) was evaluated by counting chromosomal alterations (multipolar anaphases, chromosomal breaks, C-metaphase, adhesions, losses and chromosomal bridges) in the meristematic cells of the root.

Mitotic index was calculated for each drug concentration and control group by counting metaphases, anaphases and telophases.

Among the CA, chromosomes fragment, bridges, and chromosomes vagrant were the main aberrations observed in anaphases and telophases of cell roots exposed to the San Martyn Hospital samples (Figure 2).

It can be seen that at concentration of 1.10 and 50 [micro]g/ml number of prophases and telophases generally increases by prolonging treatments, and the number of metaphases and anaphases decreases.

In the chromosomes segregation process, the observed irregularities were: precocious chromosomes migration in metaphases (Figure 1C and I), laggard chromosomes in anaphases (Figure 1D and J), micronuclei in telophases (Figure 1F, K and L), and tetrads with microcytes (Figure 2D).

In addition, the observation of meiotic anaphases I and II in cysts of primary and secondary spermatocytes, respectively, showed that M.

Moreover, root tip cells of Allium cepa can be used as toxicity markers by evaluating several morphological and cytogenetic factors, such as root morphology and growth, mitotic index determination, and the induction of micronuclei and aberrant metaphases and anaphases [6,10]