Position

We deal with the exact solutions of Schrödinger equation characterized by positiondependent effective mass via point canonical transformations. The Morse, Pöschl-Teller and Hulthén type potentials are considered respectively. With the choice of position-dependent mass forms, exactly solvable target potentials are constructed. Their energy of the bound states and corresponding wavefunctions are determined exactly.

1] The Maldives experience seasonal shifts in monsoon winds from the west-northwest to northeast. The morphologic response of reef island beaches and shorelines to these predictable shifts in climate was examined on eight islands in South Maalhosmadulu Atoll based on global positioning system surveys of island shoreline planform in January and June 2002 and February 2003. Surveys show that islands exhibit large gross changes (31-120% of beach area) in shoreline position between seasons. Such changes reflect large reversals in sediment flux of 9-23 Â 10 3 m 3 on a biannual basis driven by seasonal reversals in wind and wave conditions. Annual net change is small (2-15%), suggesting islands spatially exhibit a dynamic equilibrium. An island oscillation index (I o ) is defined that describes the spatial extent of shoreline change around islands. Island shape (ellipticity, e) is found to be positively correlated with I o in the expression I o = 1.021e À 0.275, suggesting island shape is a better indicator of the susceptibility of island shorelines to morphological change than wave energy exposure.

An important aspect of particle trajectory modeling in the ocean is the assessment of the uncertainty in the final particle position. Monte Carlo particle trajectory simulations using surface currents derived from standard-range and long-range CODAR HF radar systems were performed using random-walk and random-flight models of the unresolved velocities. Velocity statistics for these models were derived from the covariance functions of differences between CODAR and drifter estimates of surface currents. Comparison of predicted trajectories and drifter tracks demonstrate that these predictions are superior to assuming the drifters stay at their initial position. Vertical shear between the effective depth of long-range CODAR measurements ($2.4 m) and that of drifters (0.65 m) causes the drifters to move more rapidly downwind than predicted. This bias is absent when standard-range CODAR currents (effective depth $0.5 m) are used, implying that drifter leeway is not the cause of the bias. Particle trajectories were computed using CODAR data and the random-flight model for 24-hour intervals using a Monte Carlo approach to determine the 95% confidence interval of position predictions. Between 80% and 90% of real drifters were located within the predicted confidence interval, in reasonable agreement with the expected 95% success rate. In contrast, predictions using the random-walk approach proved inconsistent with observations unless the diffusion coefficient was increased to approximately the random-flight value. The consistency of the random-flight uncertainty estimates and drifter data supports the use of our methodology for estimating model parameters from drifter-CODAR velocity differences.

The acoustics of churches is a cultural heritage to be preserved as carefully as the artistic and architectural aspects of this particular category of buildings. The acoustic characteristics of an environment could be measured according to different techniques varying from the numerical quantification, by means of acoustical parameters, to the recording of the binaural or ambisonic impulse responses of several combinations of source–receiver locations. The complexity of this kind of buildings can lead different researchers to choose dissimilar ...

In this paper we study a planar-convex lens where the focal point is calculated numerically and analytically beyond the paraxial approximation within the context of geometrical optics. We consider this problem as an appropriate and useful example to fill the gap found in physics and optics courses between the simplicity of the paraxial approximation and the complexity of the theory of aberrations, and it can be used as an introduction to non-paraxial behaviour even when teaching general physics courses. We show in a simple way how beyond the paraxial approximation the focal distance is not unique, and how it depends on the distance of the incoming ray to the optical axis. We show the importance of the caustic surface, which is calculated analytically, and its effect on the position of the point with the highest concentration of light, which is defined as the optimal focal distance of the lens. Finally, we also present some simulations showing light distributions in screens placed at different distances from the lens, to illustrate our results.

Aims. We present positions and velocities for 796 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Fornax Brightest Cluster Galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A). The planetary nebulae and existing kinematics are used to explore the rotation of this merger remnant and constrain dynamical models. Methods. Using FORS2 on the VLT, the PN velocities were measured using a counter-dispersed slitless-spectroscopy technique that produced the largest-to-date sample outside of the Local Group. Spherical, non-rotating, constant-anisotropy Jeans models were constrained by observations of the planetary nebulae and existing integrated light spectra. Results. The two-dimensional velocity field indicates dynamically-important rotation that rises in the outer parts, possibly due to the outward transfer of angular momentum during the merger. The modeling indicates a high dark matter content, particularly in the outer parts, that is consistent with previous estimates from dynamical models, lensing and stellar population models. Conclusions. The exceptionally large sample of PN velocities makes it possible to explore the kinematics of NGC 1316 in detail. Comparing the results to other early-type galaxies like NGC 1399 and NGC 4594 (M104, Sombrero), NGC 1316 represents a transition phase from a major-merger event to a bulge-dominated galaxy like NGC 4594.

This paper presents a novel approach for mobile phone centric observation of a user's facing direction, relying solely on built-in accelerometer and magnetometer. Our approach achieves greater accuracy and independence by an automatic detection of the wearing position of the mobile device on the user's body and subsequent selection of an optimum strategy for estimating the user direction. We report on a detailed analysis of various features sets and classifiers in order to determine an optimum selection of those for recognizing the wearing position and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of our overall implementation through an extensive measurement campaign.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether panoramic radiographs could predict physical contact between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on limited cone-beam computed tomography, known as dental 3D-CT (3-dimensional computed tomography [3D-CT]). Patients and Methods: The association of images between the panoramic radiograph and the dental 3D-CT was investigated in a cross-sectional study. Seventy-three lower third molars in 65 patients were examined. Findings of absence or presence of the white line of the mandibular canal wall on panoramic radiographs and contact or separation between the tooth and the mandibular canal on dental 3D-CT were compared. Results: Absence of a superior white line on panoramic radiography was associated with an increased risk of contact between the third molar and the mandibular canal on dental 3D-CT, even when the effects of tooth position, age, and gender were taken into account. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio was 10.79. Women were more likely to have contact between the 2 structures on dental 3D-CT when their panoramic radiograph showed absence of the white line. Conclusions: Panoramic radiography is useful for predicting to a limited extent physical contact between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on dental 3D-CT.

The purpose of this study was to assess sleep quality and comfort of participants diagnosed with low back pain and stiffness following sleep on individually prescribed mattresses based on dominant sleeping positions. Subjects consisted of 27 patients (females, n ¼ 14; males, n ¼ 13; age 44.8 yrs AE SD 14.6, weight 174 lb. AESD 39.6, height 68.3 in. AE SD 3.7) referred by chiropractic physicians for the study. For the baseline (pretest) data subjects recorded back and shoulder discomfort, sleep quality and comfort by visual analog scales (VAS) for 21 days while sleeping in their own beds. Subsequently, participants' beds were replaced by medium-firm mattresses specifically layered with foam and latex based on the participants' reported prominent sleeping position and they again rated their sleep comfort and quality daily for the following 12 weeks. Analysis yielded significant differences between pre-and post means for all variables and for back pain, we found significant (p < 0.01) differences between the first posttest mean and weeks 4 and weeks 8e12, thus indicating progressive improvement in both back pain and stiffness while sleeping on the new mattresses. Additionally, the number of days per week of experiencing poor sleep and physical discomfort decreased significantly. It was concluded that sleep surfaces are related to sleep discomfort and that is indeed possible to reduce pain and discomfort and to increase sleep quality in those with chronic back pain by replacing mattresses based on sleeping position.

We predict the decadal change in position of three American Samoa mangroves from analysis of a time series of remotely sensed imagery, a geographic information system, tide gauge data, and projections for change in sea-level relative to the mangrove surface. Accurate predictions of changes to coastal ecosystem boundaries, including in response to projected relative sea-level rise, enable advanced planning to minimize and offset anticipated losses and minimize social disruption and cost of reducing threats to coastal development and human safety. The observed mean landward migration of three mangroves' seaward margins over four decades was 25, 64, and 72mma−1, 12 to 37 times the observed relative sea-level rise rate. Two of the sites had clear trends in reductions in mangrove area, where there was a highly significant correlation between the change in position of the seaward mangrove margin and change in relative sea-level. Here it can be inferred that the force of sea-level rise relative to the mangrove surface is causing landward migration. Shoreline movement was variable at a third site and not significantly correlated with changing sea-level, where it is likely that forces other than change in relative sea-level are predominant. Currently, 16.5%, 23.4%, and 68.0% of the three mangroves' landward margins are obstructed by coastal development from natural landward migration. The three mangroves could experience as high as a 50.0% reduction in area by the year 2100. A 12% reduction in mangrove area by the year 2100 is possible in the Pacific islands region.

Body position has been shown to influence postprandial and fasting gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients and normal volunteers when they are assigned to lie in a prescribed position. No published studies have evaluated the effect of spontaneous sleeping positions on recumbent reflux in patients with GER. Ten patients, three female and seven male (mean age 47.6 yr, range 30-67 yr) with abnormal recumbent esophageal pH &lt;4 on 24-h pH-metry participated. A standardized high fat dinner (6 PM) and a bedtime snack (10 PM) were administered to all patients. GER during spontaneous sleep positions was assessed with a single channel pH probe placed 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and with a position sensor taped to the sternum. Data were recorded with a portable digital data logger (Microdigitrapper-S, Synectics Medical) and analyzed for recumbent percent time pH &lt;4 and esophageal acid clearance time in each of four sleeping positions. Time elapsed between change in s...

The Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing vision for emergency preparedness is that every community, family, and individual will have a comprehensive emergency preparedness plan that minimizes the consequences of disasters and emergencies, and enables communities, families, and individuals to respond and recover. This position paper provides national and state policy guidance during emergencies to all public health nurses in the United States and its Territories. Public health nurses bring critical experience to each phase of a disaster: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Public health nurses strive to achieve individual competencies so that they may better collaborate with others and contribute to emergency preparedness and response. Twelve Emergency Preparedness Competencies are listed in this position paper that will assist public health nurses with disaster prevention, planning, response, recovery, drills, exercises, and training. This position paper will be useful in clarifying the expertise that public health nurses can contribute to teams that serve to protect the health and safety of communities against disaster threats and realities. Key words: competencies, disaster phases, emergency preparedness and response, nursing roles, public health nurses, public health nursing, scope of public health nursing practice. Preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters and emergencies has become a priority for everyone. Since Florence Nightingale demonstrated to the world the important role that nurses play on the front lines of responding to disasters, the field of public health and disaster nursing has continued to expand its scope and define its significance. No single entity, discipline, agency, organization, or jurisdiction can or should claim sole responsibility for the complex array of challenges associated with disasters and emergencies, both natural and manmade. However, public health nursing expertise can and should be used during all phases of the disaster cycle: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery (FEMA, 2006a). Public health nurses contribute specific skills in times of disaster. They not only serve as first responders to some events, but also embrace a population-based vision, and have the necessary skills and competencies to develop policies and comprehensive plans, conduct and evaluate disaster response

Abstract: This study investigates the seismic performance of shear wall building on sloping ground. The main objective is to understand the behaviour of the building on sloping ground for various positions of shear walls and to study the effectiveness of shear wall on sloping ground. The performance of building has been studied with the help of four mathematical models. Model one is of frame type structural system and other three models are of dual type (shear wall- frame interaction) structural system with three different positions of shear walls. Response spectrum analysis is carried out by using finite element software SAP 2000. The performance of building with respect to displacement, story drift and maximum forces in columns has been presented in this paper.
Keywords: Sloping ground, Shear wall, Position, Performance, Earthquake analysis, Effectiveness.
Title: Seismic Analysis of Building with Shear Wall on Sloping Ground
Author: Prasad Ramesh Vaidya
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Research Publish Journals

This paper provides a technical review of position and speed sensorless methods for controlling Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor drives, including the background analysis using sensors, limitations and advances. The performance and reliability of BLDC motor drivers have been improved because the conventional control and sensing techniques have been improved through sensorless technology. Then, in this paper sensorless advances are reviewed and recent developments in this area are introduced with their inherent advantages and drawbacks, including the analysis of practical implementation issues and applications. The study includes a deep overview of state-of-the-art back-EMF sensing methods, which includes Terminal Voltage Sensing, Third Harmonic Voltage Integration, Terminal Current Sensing, Back-EMF Integration and PWM strategies. Also, the most relevant techniques based on estimation and models are briefly analysed, such as Sliding-mode Observer, Extended Kalman Filter, Model Reference Adaptive System, Adaptive observers (Full-order and Pseudoreduced-order) and Artificial Neural Networks.

In this paper, a dynamic Position Location and Tracking (PL&T) method is proposed which uses an integrated “zone finding by predictive algorithm” and “Triangulation with dynamic reference positioning” for target nodes. The nodes can be used as references or targets at different instances of time to maintain
accurate PL&T of each node in a wireless mobile network. Each node is equipped with an omnidirectional antenna. It is shown that while “zone prediction” is fairly accurate for finding the PL&T of a target node based on previous good location data when the target is moving linearly in one direction, it is not adequate
when the nodes change directions. However, once the zone is predicted, the triangulation will provide accurate position of the target node by placing the reference nodes to form a reasonably perfect geometry.
The results show that triangulation alone does not provide accurate prediction of the target location without finding the zone of the target and zone finding alone does not support accuracy of PL&T when the target node is changing directions. Another aspect that should be of concern is the repeated PL&T
operation on the same target node at different instance of time becomes erroneous and therefore, they need to be reinitialized to get accurate locations with known wait points. Also, the references need to be reinitialized to maintain the accuracy. This requires the nodes to be dynamically used as target nodes and
with good PL&T, they are used as references at different time instances. There is an upper layer dynamic reference management is required for this technology. The proposed integrated predictive zone finding and triangulation is particularly suitable for clustered Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). Finally, this paper shows the performance analysis of this system for a reasonable number of nodes within the cluster that
demonstrates high accuracy of PL&T location data of the nodes. Of course the overhead in managing the dynamic references is increased. However, the frequency of changing the references is minimized in each cluster as it contains few nodes (40 or less).

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.

Purpose – This study aims to investigate applications of Six Sigma methodology in Malaysian private hospitals. It measures Six Sigma initiatives of the private hospitals based on demographics such as gender, position and working experience.

Design/methodology/approach – The present study measures Six Sigma initiatives of private hospitals and used stratified random sampling to collect data from eight selected hospitals in Peninsular
Malaysia. The respondents of the study include doctors, nurses, pharmacists and medical laboratory technologists. In this study, 520 questionnaires were distributed to respondents who are working in
Malaysian private hospitals. In total, 251 responses were received (48.27 per cent response rate). The descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were undertaken using SPSS version 23.

Findings – The findings of this study indicate that male respondents have better perception on four aspects of Six Sigma applications such as process improvement tools, process improvement methods,
manage quality improvement activities and formal planning process compared to female respondents. The research findings also indicate that doctors have better perception regarding process improvement
tools to measure quality improvement process, leadership to continuous improvement processes, training in process improvement tools for employees’ skill improvement compared to nurses, pharmacists, medical laboratory technologists.

Research limitations/implications – The present research focused solely on the Malaysian private hospitals, and thus the results might not be applicable to other countries. This study focused on Six Sigma initiatives of private hospitals in Malaysia, while the future research may consider
investigating the difference or conformance between private and public hospitals on Six Sigma initiatives and its relationship with quality performance. In addition, present study findings are expected to provide guidelines to enhance the applications of Six Sigma methodology in private hospitals in Malaysia as well as other countries.

Originality/value – This research provides theoretical and practical contributions for the Six Sigma initiatives in private hospitals. Most of the past studies of Six Sigma initiatives are centred on manufacturing
sector, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the health-care organisation. Thus, findings of the present study on the health-care sector contribute to the on-going pursuit of knowledge in the area of Six
Sigma by using the strength of related theories and parent disciplines.

This paper will attempt to describe the pragmatic functions of discourse markers beginning from a purely discursive criterion: position in the units of talk, which we have named discursive position. Specifically, we concentrate on the final position of some discourse markers in the colloquial Spanish conversation. Thus, we will analyse the marker ¿eh?, because its frequency is higher than others like ¿no?, ¿sabes?, that also take place in final position. Definitively, we aim to demonstrate the applicability and profitability of the discursive position' criterion in the study of discourse markers in the conversation.

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is studied by analyzing dual-frequency signals of the Global Position System (GPS) acquired from a network of receivers around the Asian-Australian region during 1996-2004. The latitude, occurrence time, strength of the most developed EIA crest, and crest-to-trough ratio (CTR) for both the noon and post-sunset sector obtained from a daily TEC contour map have been used to study the solar cycle variations of EIA in the Asian-Australian region. The results reveal that semiannual and seasonal variations were the dominant factor that controls the morphology of the EIA structure which can be identified in the past studies (e.g. Wu et al., 2008). It is also found that the latitude and local time position of the anomaly crest show a hemispheric asymmetry because (a) The northern crest of EIA is expanded during the equinox indicating a weak semiannual variation while the southern crest is inhibited during June-August presenting a strong seasonal variation, and (b) The local time of the northern crest appears ~1.3 h earlier than that of the southern crest in June while showing no difference at December. Solar activity dependence is more evident in the EIA crest region than in the EIA trough region and least in the post-sunset sector at equinox. A seasonal linear relationship is derived between the post-sunset CTR and solar flux, which should be caused by the solar-dependant equatorial E×B vertical drift.

This paper presents a novel methodology that estimates position and orientation using one position sensor and one inertial measurement unit. The proposed method estimates orientation using a particle filter and estimates position and velocity using a Kalman filter (KF). In addition, an expert system is used to correct the angular velocity measurement errors. The experimental results show that the orientation errors using the proposed method are significantly reduced compared to the orientation errors obtained from an extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach. The improved orientation estimation using the proposed method leads to better position estimation accuracy. This paper studies the effects of the number of particles of the proposed filter and position sensor noise on the orientation accuracy. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the orientation of the proposed method converges to the correct orientation even when the initial orientation is completely unknown.

Despite the growing importance of ergonomics and ergonomists worldwide, the position of ergonomics in companies is often not clear. Today, in many countries ergonomics is mainly (or even only) associated with the reduction of risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Therefore, many companies consider ergonomics a part of occupational safety and health (OSH) that focuses mainly on the reduction of risks. This paper aims to analyse the links between occupational ergonomics and OSH. The position of occupational ergonomics in legislation, the presence of ergonomics in OSH networks, and the position of ergonomics in OSH company services are discussed. In addition, the added value of ergonomics to companies is examined. From these discussions, it becomes clear that ergonomics should be part of the OSH policy of companies, and should be integrated into today's company strategies to improve labour conditions. If ergonomics is considered as a discipline in its own right, a clear legislative context should be developed that goes beyond voluntary guidelines and the goodwill of employers, and necessitates the presence of ergonomics professionals in companies. r

To evaluate the obstetric outcomes associated with persistent occiput posterior position of the fetal head in term laboring patients.We performed a cohort study of 6434 consecutive, term, vertex, laboring nulliparous and multiparous patients, comparing those who delivered infants in the occiput posterior position with those who delivered in the occiput anterior position. We examined maternal demographics, labor and delivery characteristics, and maternal and neonatal outcomes.The prevalence of persistent occiput posterior position at delivery was 5.5% overall, 7.2% in nulliparas, and 4.0% in multiparas (P < .001). Persistent occiput posterior position was associated with shorter maternal stature and prior cesarean delivery. During labor and delivery, the occiput posterior position was associated with prolonged first and second stages of labor, oxytocin augmentation, use of epidural analgesia, chorioamnionitis, assisted vaginal delivery, third and fourth degree perineal lacerations, cesarean delivery, excessive blood loss, and postpartum infection. Newborns had lower 1-minute Apgar scores, but showed no differences in 5-minute Apgar scores, gestational age, or birth weight.Persistent occiput posterior position is associated with a higher rate of complications during labor and delivery. In our population, the chances that a laboring woman with persistent occiput posterior position will have a spontaneous vaginal delivery are only 26% for nulliparas and 57% for multiparas.

For control and enforcement purposes, all fishing vessels operating in European waters are equipped with satellite-based Vessel Monitoring by Satellite systems (VMS) recording their position at regular time intervals. VMS data are increasingly used by scientists to study spatial and temporal patterns of fishing activity and thus fishing impact (e.g. surface of sea bed trawled during a fishing trip). However, due to their low resolution (2 h basis), these data may provide a biased perception of fishing impact. We present here a method aiming at interpolating vessel trajectories from VMS data points to obtain higher-resolution data on vessel trajectories which in turn should provide improved estimates of the spatial and temporal patterns of fishing activity and hence fishing impact. This method is based on a spline interpolation technique, the cubic Hermite spline (cHs), using position, heading and speed to interpolate the trawl track of a vessel between two succeeding VMS data points. To take uncertainty of the interpolated track into account, the method also determines a confidence interval, which represents the spatial distribution of vessel presence probability between two successive VMS positions. The cHs method was compared to the straight line interpolation technique using a reference data set with intervals of 6 min which was assumed to represent the real trawl tracks. The results showed that the cHs method approximates the real trawl track markedly better than a straight line interpolation. The cHs method should therefore be preferred to the conventional straight line approach to interpolate vessel tracks in studies aiming at estimating fishing impact from VMS data.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an excellent and noninvasive technique for studying the human brain. Accurate placement of the magnetic coil is required by this technique in order to induce a specific cortical activity. Currently, the coil is manually held in most of stimulation procedures, which does not allow the precise clinical evaluation of the procedure. This paper will review the current research on robotic TMS systems and present several solutions that have been proposed. Relevant technologies will also be identified and presented particularly. Although the existing systems have significant limitation, they do have some unique advantages in the stimulation process.

Rapport de Recherche INRIA N 791, F evrier 1988 1 1 PARALLEL MANIPULATOR 3 1 A lot of calculation (in particular the results presented in the Appendices) has been obtained with the aid of MACSYMA [26], a large symbolic manipulation program developed at MIT or with REDUCE. 3,4,5,

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is studied by analyzing dual-frequency signals of the Global Position System (GPS) acquired from a network of receivers around the Asian-Australian region during 1996-2004. The latitude, occurrence time, strength of the most developed EIA crest, and crest-to-trough ratio (CTR) for both the noon and post-sunset sector obtained from a daily TEC contour map have been used to study the solar cycle variations of EIA in the Asian-Australian region. The results reveal that semiannual and seasonal variations were the dominant factor that controls the morphology of the EIA structure which can be identified in the past studies (e.g. . It is also found that the latitude and local time position of the anomaly crest show a hemispheric asymmetry because (a) The northern crest of EIA is expanded during the equinox indicating a weak semiannual variation while the southern crest is inhibited during June-August presenting a strong seasonal variation, and (b) The local time of the northern crest appears ∼1.3 h earlier than that of the southern crest in June while showing no difference at December. Solar activity dependence is more evident in the EIA crest region than in the EIA trough region and least in the post-sunset sector at equinox. A seasonal linear relationship is derived between the post-sunset CTR and solar flux, which should be caused by the solar-dependant equatorial E×B vertical drift.

The aim of navigation aid in general is to provide an optimal route from the current position to the destination. Unfortunately, there are lot of drawbacks from many navigation aids such as giving wrong directions to the destination, and lack of interaction with other users. This paper presents pedestrian positions and pathway determination for the design of 3D mobile interactive navigation aid. The system was developed and aims to help people navigate in an unfamiliar locations and to overcome the weaknesses of conventional 2D maps, which require users to interpret its various symbols and legends and also to present desired locations and routes to a high degree of accuracy. The system allows several mobile device users to view their own and other users' locations at the same time, while being stationary or on-the-move. The role of 3D view is to add to an existing individual cognitive map. Voronoi diagram and its dual Delaunay triangulation are the algorithms used for establishing user positions and the optimum pathway to a target destination. Using this technique contributes to a well-defined positioning and pathway establishment in the design of navigation assisted systems.

CITATIONS 29 READS 211 4 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: rTMS over the DLPFC combined with tomographic neurofeedback of the sgACC as a tailored antidepressant intervention with enduring effects View project I am writting book titled "Neuromodulation in autism" View project Leslie Sherlin SenseLabs

We have conducted a high-resolution observation of the molecular outflow with the CO (J = 2-1) and CH 3 OH (J K = 5 K -4 K , K = 0, 3) lines toward a high-mass protostar candidate, NGC 2264 CMM3, using the Submillimeter Array. A compact north-south bipolar outflow of 10 in size associated with CMM3 is found in both CO and CH 3 OH emission. The outflow dynamical age is estimated to be as young as 140-2000 yr. Together with the non-detection of any 24 μm source with the Spitzer Space Telescope, the result suggests that CMM3 likely harbors a young massive star at its very early evolutionary stage. The CH 3 OH outflow lobes are slightly offset outside those of the CO outflow, which indicates that the interaction between the outflow and the dense ambient gas causes a shock around the CO peak position, and the CH 3 OH molecule evaporated from the grain mantles is swept away from the shock front. The interaction is particularly strong in the southern (red) lobe, as indicated by the detection of the high excitation line of CH 3 OH (K = 3). The outflow seems to affect the chemical composition of CMM3 significantly.

Journal of Clinical Nursing 16, 562-568 The effects of different maternal positions on non-stress test: an experimental study Aims and objectives. To determine the effects of different maternal positions on non-stress test results and the preferences of mothers for involving positions.

This study aims to investigate positions of the antilingula (AL), the midwaist of the mandibular ramus (MW) and the midpoint between the coronoid process and the gonion (MCG) in relation to the lingula of dried mandibles. Bilateral rami of 92 Thai dried mandibles were studied. The AL, the MW, the MCG and the corresponding position of the tip of lingula (L) were marked on the external aspect of the mandibular ramus. The distances from the AL, the MW and the MCG to the L were measured in the anteriorposterior and the superior-inferior planes using computerized image analysis. The results showed the AL was discernible in 80.4% of lateral mandibular rami studied. The most of the AL was found anterior-superior to the L with a maximum distance of 5.9 mm anteriorly and 8.2 mm superiorly. The MW was frequently located anterior-inferior to the L with a maximum distance of 9.3 mm anteriorly and 9.9 mm inferiorly. The majority of the MCG was found anterior-superior to the L with a maximum distance of 9.6 mm anteriorly and 8.9 mm superiorly. A 5 mm radius from the L included 84.5% of the AL, 81.5% of the MW and 79.4% of the MCG. Medians (interquartiles) of distances from the AL, the MW and the MCG to the L were 3.4 (2.3-5.0) mm, 3.8 (2.5-5.3) mm and 4.1 (2.8-5.3) mm, respectively. In conclusion, the AL was identified in 80.4% of lateral mandibular rami studied. The AL and the MCG were commonly found anterior-superior to the lingula, whereas the MW was mostly observed anterior-inferior to the lingula. Therefore, a cut made more than a 5 mm posterior or superior to these landmarks would be in 79% of cases, within a statistically safe area avoiding encroaching upon the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle passing immediately lateral to the lingula. Although the MW and the MCG might be alternative surgical guides when the AL is absent, their use alone as surgical landmarks is not recommended.

Relevance to clinical practice. When assessing blood pressure it is important to take the position of the patient into consideration. Also, blood pressure measurement must be taken in sitting position with the arms supported at the right a trial level.

1] The scientific goal of the present paper is to develop a three-dimensional physical dynamic model of the plasmasphere that is constrained by realistic data. The core of the plasmasphere is obtained from the kinetic exospheric approach assuming a kappa velocity distribution function for the particles. The relative abundance of trapped particles is constrained in such way that the density profiles correspond to Carpenter and Anderson's (1992) observations. The position of the plasmapause is determined by the interchange instability mechanism for the formation of the plasmapause, which is a function of the level of geomagnetic activity. The deformation of the plasmasphere during quiet and disturbed geomagnetic periods is illustrated and compared with the results of other plasmaspheric models and observations of IMAGE and Cluster.

The Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE) has developed a number of documents designed to delineate the scope and function of community/public health nursing (C/PHN) educators, researchers, and practitioners. Consistent with the mission of ACHNE, this position paper entitled Academic Faculty Qualifications for Community/Public Health Nursing has been developed by the Faculty Qualifications Task Force. The shortage of qualified nursing faculty has been well documented. In particular, this shortage has increased the difficulty in having sufficient numbers of faculty who are educationally and experientially qualified to teach in the C/PHN specialty. ACHNE is addressing this concern by setting forth preferred qualifications for faculty to teach C/PHN at both the graduate and undergraduate level. While we recognize that the current faculty shortage may require schools to use faculty to teach in areas in which they do not have appropriate formal preparation, the paper outlines best practices for teaching C/PHN, a goal we urge all schools of nursing to work toward. Task Force members developed an earlier draft of the document in fall 2008, and input was solicited and received from ACHNE members and considered in the final document, which was approved by the ACHNE Executive Board in July 2009.

Two analyses have been performed of the use of the Weibull distribution to describe wind speed statistics. The first is a combination of theoretical considerations in a common domain of c and k parameters concerning some robust indicators of position, spread, skewness, and kurtosis. The second is a calculation of the Weibull parameters using three differing methods based on a 3-a sodar database. The modified maximum-likelihood method is direct, the method of weighted probability moments considers order statistics, and the method based on the minimum RMSE is iterative. As a result of the theoretical analyses, we propose some simple relationships involving Weibull parameters and the range of a fraction of central data, the variation coefficient, and the Yule-Kendall index, which may be applied practically. The calculation of Weibull parameters has revealed the sharp contrast between day, where the fit was highly satisfactory, and night, mainly below 300 m. Moreover, a seasonal pattern was also observed. The comparison between the methods used also proved satisfactory, particularly during day, whereas a slight disagreement was observed during the night for the method based on the minimum RMSE. Finally, randomly generated samples were used to check the accuracy of the Weibull parameters in the domain analyzed, resulting in small residuals and standard deviations of the values calculated.

Since the calls to view accounting as a cultural defined discipline Geertz's work yields significant debate from accounting scholars. This review paper argues that Geertz á la interpretive anthropology has been inaccurately discerned by many accounting methodologists. They overlook the theoretical anchoring Geertzian conception of culture schemes -"by isolating its elements", "internal relationships", and "in some general way" -that illustrate accounting as a kind of being of knowing -the form of what accounting comes to. The paper traces the implications of this on fundamental consequences for accounting research methodology and establishes direction to critic with a position of where the claims of Geertz should apparently held.

Despite the wide distribution of natural stands of Acacia senegal in Ethiopia, commercial exploitation of gum arabic is constrained by lack of tapping and development techniques. We evaluated the gum arabic yield from natural stands of A. senegal and the growth of 6 provenances in different parts of the country. For the gum yield evaluation from natural stands, four tapping positions and three tapping seasons were tested in a factorial RCB design. The second experiment in Metema evaluated survival and growth of six provenances. A. senegal trees in natural stands respond well to tapping if tapped during the appropriate season and at the correct position on the tree. The mean gum yield did not vary significantly by tapping season (p=0.63). Higher mean yield was, however, collected from trees tapped in October (96 g⋅tree -1 per two harvests). The mean yield differed significantly (p=0.009) between the tapping positions. Mean separation (α=0.05) shows that trees tapped at mid stem gave higher yield (160 g⋅tree -1 per two harvests). The interaction effect of tapping season and position was not significant. Higher mean yield ((70 ± 112) g⋅tree -1 ) was recorded in mid October-mid stem in two harvests. The second experiment indicated statistically significant difference in mean survival (p=0.0298), height (p=0.000) and root collar diameter (RCD), (p=0.012) between the six provenances. Highest survival, height and root collar diameter growth was observed from Abderafi provenance (100%, (148±11) cm, (38±11) mm, respectively). We recommend October and mid-stem and branches as appropriate tapping season and position. We recommend planting of the Abderafi provenance Fund project: This study was financed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research.

Limitations to photosynthesis were explored in leaves from four canopy positions of field-grown, unshaded coffee (Coffea arabica L.), a tropical tree species classified as shade-obligatory. Overall, compared to shade (lower) leaves, sun (upper) leaves had higher net carbon assimilation rate (A) (4.5 against 2.0 mmol m À2 s À1 at most) associated with higher electron transport rate (due to a greater irradiance availability) but unrelated to stomatal and mesophyll conductances, which were similar regardless of leaf position. Neither physiological variable directly involved with photosynthetic carbon gain nor those involved with light capture were able to adjust themselves to match the capacity of the photosynthetic machinery to the light supply. We concluded that: (i) there was no major difference in photosynthetic capacity between sun and shade leaves; (ii) the intrinsic low A in coffee was greatly associated with remarkable low diffusive limitations rather than with biochemical or photochemical constraints; and (iii) morphological (e.g., variations in specific leaf area and leaf inclination) or anatomical plasticity should be of greater acclimative value than physiological plasticity as a mean of coffee leaves to respond to changing irradiance.

t is to better understand the circumstances in which the media context impacts on the evaluation of advertisements interrupting it that we tested the interaction between "Advertisement's Position in Relation to the Program", " Program Liking" and" Attitude towards the advertisement". After conducting an experiment on a target sample of children aged 10 to 12, this article was able to show that the evaluation of the media context has a negative effect on young viewers' attitudes toward the advertising placed within this context. However, this effect fluctuates according to the position of the advertising relative to the television program. The contributions of this research are both theoretical and practical.