New Information and Communication Technologies

Sistematik iletişimin ilk adımı olan posta servisi, Pers İmparatorluğu tarafından milattan önce 550 yılında kurulmuş, bu tarihten günümüze kadar iletişimin araç ve ortamları, zaman içinde giderek gelişip, dönüşmüştür. Yirminci yüzyılın sonunda internetin icadı ve onun devamında geliştirilen sosyal medya gibi yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin etkisiyle tek yönlü iletişim yerini iki yönlü iletişime bırakmış, bu durum internet kullanıcılarının birbirleriyle etkileşimli bir şekilde iletişim kurmalarını sağlamıştır. İnternet ve sosyal medyanın iletişim alanında yarattığı bu devrim, bireylerin ve toplumların günlük yaşamlarını olduğu kadar birçok iş sektörünü de derinden etkilemiştir. Bu sektörlerin başında turizm sektörü gelmektedir. Sosyal medya, turistlerin destinasyon seçimleri hakkında bilgi aramalarına ve konaklayacakları yerleri seçmelerine önemli imkanlar vermektedir. Günümüzde internet ve sosyal medya, turizm işletmelerinin hedef kitlelerine ulaşmaları açısından ve turistler tarafından konaklama destinasyonlarının tercih edilmesi bakımından da önemli bir kitle iletişim aracı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’yi tatil destinasyonu olarak seçen yabancı turistlerin karar alma süreçlerinde sosyal medyayı ne ölçüde kullandıklarını ve sosyal medyadan elde ettikleri bilgilerden ne yönde etkilendiklerini ampirik bir şekilde ortaya koymak, bu noktada turizm işlemelerine sosyal medyadaki imaj yönetimi hakkında bir takım önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, nicel tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmış, veriler anket tekniği kullanılarak toplanmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Böylece yabancı turistlerin sosyal medyayı kullanım eğilimleriyle destinasyon seçimi öncesinde sosyal medyadan ne ölçüde etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin en çok turist alan illerinden olan İzmir ve İstanbul illeri araştırma evreni olarak belirlenmiş ve 390 yabancı turist ile anket yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, sosyal medya kullanıcıları tatil destinasyonlarına karar vermeden önce sosyal medyayı kullanmakta ve tatil yerini ve konaklama işletmesini seçmeden önce gitmeyi düşündükleri yerler hakkında bu iletişim mecrası üzerinden bilgi toplamaktadırlar. Yabancı turistler sosyal medyayı etkin bir şekilde kullanmakta, sosyal medyadan elde ettikleri bilgilere göre tatil yerlerini ya da konaklamayı düşündükleri işletmeleri değiştirdikleri saptanmıştır.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the main characteristics of what the authors call 'the economy of qualities'. The authors show that qualifying products and positioning goods are major concerns for agents evolving within the 'economy of qualities'. Competition in such an economy is structured through two basic mechanisms. The rst is what the authors propose to call the process of singularization of products. The second is the mechanism whereby consumers are attached to, and detached from, goods that are proposed to them. At the heart of these logics, one can nd multiple socio-technical devices that are designed by economic agents, which ensure the distribution of cognitive competencies, and which constantly and nely tune supply and demand. Relying upon Jean Gadrey's work, the authors claim that the economy of qualities is nowhere more effective than in services providing activities, and especially in those sectors that invest heavily in New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Finally, the authors suggest that, in the economy of qualities, the functioning and the organization of markets are issues that are shared by scholars and actors. In these highly re exive markets, a collaboration between them is needed.

With rapid growth of the Internet and the globalization of market, companies accepted and adopted the new information and communication technology to offer e-services to their customers. This paper addresses e-service quality issue in the electronic marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to extend what are the main service quality dimensions in the realm of e-service. The paper explores e-service quality dimensions based on a review of the development of e-service quality scales and the SERVQUAL scale. It proposes an 8-dimension scale for measuring e-service quality with rewording and modifying of the SERVQUAL instrument: Website design, reliability, fulfillment, security, responsiveness, personalization, information and empathy. This paper concludes by discussing the findings of this study and highlighting areas for the future research in the realm of e-service quality.

In this article, we analyze the notion of privacy -how it is conceptualized and implemented as a constitutive element of identity -in two different cultures: Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Ontario, Canada. By examining the two jurisdictions of Hong Kong and Ontario, we argue that, in addition to institutional structures, differing cultural notions of privacy affect the acceptance of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). For our comparison, we focus on one potentially privacy-invasive technology, smart cards, and discuss the factors that contribute to their adoption and use in the two regions selected, including one's conceptualization of digital identity and privacy, and the role of consultation and public debate.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate new entry as a process of organizational change against the background of the digital revolution in the music industry. Design/methodology/approach -The study analyzes questionnaire data gathered from 131 companies active in the Dutch music industry that collectively engaged in 215 new entries in the wake of the introduction of new information and communication technologies. Findings -The most salient finding concerns a strong positive relationship between financial performance and having access to the dominant set of institutional gatekeepers, i.e. radio DJs. Originality/value -This investigation prompts rethinking the concept of new entry, highlighting the importance of the institutional context in which it takes place. Beyond entry modes and new entry motivations, special consideration is given to specific resources that grant new entrants access to institutional gatekeepers because they are key predictors of performance upon new entry.

Views and concerns of the professionals who deliver disability-related services at Canadian postsecondary education institutions about access to information and instructional technologies are presented. Findings are based on structured interviews with 156 individuals who represent 80% of the population of Canadian campus-based disability service providers. This makes the sample truly representative of the geographic, linguistic and institutional characteristics of the

New information and communication technologies and emerging learning models have triggered a new wave of educational innovation-electronic learning (E-learning). This study utilizes a hypercube innovation model to analyze the differences in technology and learning models (instruction model/environment) used in traditional classroom learning versus E-learning environments. The results show that the innovation from traditional classroom learning to E-learning is radical for both the learner and instructor, leading to drastic changes in the technology and learning model. For educational institutions, the technology is a fundamental change, while the learning model is reinforced. From the dynamic capability perspectives, a set of core capabilities needed for successfully exploiting E-learning is identified. These results provide insight for learners, instructors and educational institutions for enhancing their understanding of E-learning innovation, and provide guidelines to help E-learning stakeholders adapt from the traditional classroom to E-learning environments.