Instructional Design

ADDIE represents one of the more fundamental instructional system design (ISD) models.  This paper presents a very brief overview of the history of ADDIE, its fundamental principles, and recent enhancements to the model such as the cycle and spider web design.  A more detailed discussion ensues in which the research question of the paper is examined: ADDIE’s current usefulness and applicability in the world of high-technology training, along with a discussion of how ADDIE can best be adapted to meet high-technology needs and requirements.

Keywords: ADDIE, adult education, high-technology education, high-technology training, Agile, cognitive theory of multimedia learning, CTML, e-Learning system for technical Chinese courses, eSTCC, blended classroom, blended learning, evidence-based practice, EBP, instructional systems design, ISD, instructional design, ID

Teknologi pendidikan adalah salah satu aspek yang setiap sekolah penyelenggara program pendidikan yang harus diperhatikan. Semua bagian dari Teknologi Pendidikan memainkan peranan penting untuk menghasilkan program pendidikan yang berhasil. Namun, tidak semua sekolah telah menerapkan atau memperhatikan hal tersebut. Salah satu alasannya adalah kekurangan sumber daya manusia. Teknologi Informasi adalah sebuah teknologi yang menyajikan sistem yang otomatis dan "mudah" yang dapat memberikan beberapa solusi untuk menerapkan Teknologi Pendidikan di setiap sekolah. Dengan memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi, semua personil sekolah dapat lebih fokus di dalam fungsinya dan memiliki waktu yang cukup untuk mengembangkan keahlian dan pengetahuan yang mereka miliki. Maka, setiap aspek dari Teknologi Pendidikan dapat dikontrol. Terlebih lagi, alasan tentang kekurangan sumber daya manusia dapat ditanggulangi dan penerapan Teknologi Pendidikan dapat ditingkatkan.

The increase in pipeline manufacturing for process industries calls automation of welding system (AWS) in tune with today's demand for accuracy in welding, increased productivity with lesser resources and enhanced profit. Manual welding results in more manpower requirement, low productivity, and low weld quality etc. Automatic welding removes all above problems thus making system itself superior to manual welding system. In this paper, automatic welding system is designed and developed for welding of 'V' Groove in Pipes. AWS based on Embedded / Microcontroller with mechanized output control system is developed for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technique. Moreover, system is simple and economical.

Armando Testa è il sempiterno fanciullo creatore dei più stravaganti personaggi della pubblicità italiana. Attento osservatore del mondo, tutti i suoi progetti sono frutto di una profonda analisi del circostante e di un divertente lavoro di bricolage che unisce immagini del fantastico, suggestioni attinte dall’arte ed elementi della vita reale.
Ogni suo progetto è un cortocircuito visivo, ed in questo risiede la capacità
di persistere nella memoria di artefatti comunicativi che, con una semplice
grammatica visiva, hanno saputo ricreare l’immaginario collettivo di intere
generazioni.

Wakaf adalah amalan mulia yang sangat di galakkan oleh Islam. Sebagai salah satu mekanisme kebajikan, wakaf agak unik berbanding dengan sedekah, hadiah dan derma kerana harta yang diwakafkan itu akan di 'tahan' ia itu tidak dihabiskan tetapi sebaliknya apa-apa manfaat atau pulangan daripada penggunaan harta wakaf itu boleh dibelanjankan. Bermula dengan amalan wakaf harta tetap secara langsung, dewasa ini perkembangan wakaf adalah dalam bentuk wakaf tunai dan daripada tunai inilah sebahagiannya dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan atau pembelian hartanah atau harta lain dan sebahagian pula akan dilaburkan dalam pasaran kewangan. Mengambil iktibar daripada sejarah amalan wakaf di dalam tamaddun Islam serta amalan 'endowmen' di dunia Barat, mekanisme atau kaedah wakaf tunai (aset cair) dalam berbagai aplikasi atau produk perlu dilaksanakan dengan segera. Pembangunan ini dapat dipercepatkan melalui badan khas diperingkat negeri dan kebangsaan dengan mengambil pelajaran daripada perkembangan institusi-institusi zakat. Penulis membuat saranan akan beberapa produk wakaf pendidikan yang berpotensi.

SinteSe: O objetivo central desse trabalho é compreender o comportamento de uso de um sistema de gestão acadêmica em uma Universidade Federal em relação às ferramentas de apoio às atividades docentes. A pesquisa é censitária, compreende todos os professores dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação nos períodos 2010.2 e 2011.1. Utilizou-se a análise de cluster para separar os elementos em grupos, de acordo com o uso maior ou menor do sistema de gestão.

This chapter examines the place of constructivism in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). To do this, we briefly show where constructivism fits into the history and evolution of the field. We present some potential benefits and problems with the approach, then conclude with some thoughts about its continuing role in the profession.

ICT has a great impact on human lives. The use of mobile technology in education is a positive response to the learning development in most tertiary institutions. Nowadays, it is difficult to motivate students to learn calculus. Therefore, creative teaching techniques using WhatsApp is used to attract students. WhatsApp enhances idea sharing among students and makes communication easier and faster. This research seeks to assess students' readiness in using WhatsApp Application for calculus subject. Data were collected from 485 respondents from sixteen classes of diploma in mechanical engineering students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (Pulau Pinang) using the score of the test results. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and analysis of one sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance. One sample t-test was used to identify whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Based on evaluation, more than half said that they prefer to use WhatsApp as one of the most effective teaching tool and students who were usually inactive in lecture class, contributed a lot in WhatsApp group. The findings of the study suggested that the marks increase in calculus subject is caused by flexible learning facilitated by WhatsApp mobile learning.

All research is based on some underlying philosophical assumptions about what constitutes 'valid' research and which research method(s) is/are appropriate for the development of knowledge in a given study. In order to conduct and evaluate any research, it is therefore important to know what these assumptions are. This chapter discusses the philosophical assumptions and also the design strategies underpinning this research study. Common philosophical assumptions were reviewed and presented; the interpretive paradigm was identified for the framework of the study. In addition, the chapter discusses the research methodologies, and design used in the study including strategies, instruments, and data collection and analysis methods, while explaining the stages and processes involved in the study.

Introduction
Introduction by Patrick R. Lowenthal

Trends and Issues with Online Learning
From Reluctant and Reticent to Engaged and Enthusiastic: The Passage to Online Teaching
Susan Giullian

Preparing Special Education Teachers Through Online Instruction
Donna Sobel

Using eCollege to Facilitate Learning, Provide for Program Coherence, Manage Accountability Innovations, and Ensure the Evolution of a Principal Licensure Program
Connie Fulmer

Make, Share, Find: Web 2.0 and Informal Learning
Phil Antonelli

Technology in Action
The Advantages of a Ning Social Network Within a Higher Education Program
Laura Summers

Fresh and Forward-thinking: Using Blogs for Educational Purposes
Joanna C. Dunlap & Ellen Stevens

Hanging on by a Thread
Dorothy F. Garrison-Wade

Instructional Uses of Twitter
Joanna C. Dunlap & Patrick R. Lowenthal

Using Audio for Giving Feedback to Project Teams: A Useful Complement to Track Changes
Brent G. Wilson

Wordle… Just for Phluff?
Joanna C. Dunlap

A Teaching Video Project Brought to Closure
Farah A. Ibrahim

Improving the Design of PowerPoint Presentations
Patrick R. Lowenthal

Emerging Tools and Applications
Audacity
Ning
Blogger
PBworks
Bubbl.us
Picnik
Delicious
ScreenSteps Desktop
Facebook
Songza
Flickr
SkyDrive
Google Docs
Skype
Google Reader
Twitter
iSpring
Ustream
Jing VoiceThread
Media Converter
Youtube
MyPodcast
Zotero

Resources
Down-and-dirty Guidelines for Effective Discussions in Online Courses
Joanna C. Dunlap

Protocols for Online Discussions
Joanna C. Dunlap

Improving the Odds of Effective Collaborative Work in Online Courses
Joanna C. Dunlap

Online education is the type of education that takes place through the internet. The learner is required to have a computer that has active internet connection to be able to attend a free online courses. All the instructions and transactions take place through the net.

This study was conducted to develop a model of principal's instructional leadership and teaching competency. Research respondents were 481 teachers from 55 secondary day schools in Terengganu. The modified Principal Instructional Management Rating Skill (PIMRS) and Malaysian Teacher Standard (SGM) were applied as research instruments. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS 18. The study successfully developed a relationship model between instructional leadership and teaching competency (χ2=12.495, χ2/df =1.562, p = 0.130, Bootstrap = 0.164). The findings also show construct of define school goals (0.81), curriculum and instructional management (0.92) and promote teaching and learning climate (0.92) are significant dimensions in instructional leadership. The findings also show construct of interaction with pupils (0.88), teaching strategy (0.89) and class control (0.88) are significant dimensions in teaching competency. Furthermore, the result also found that instructional leadership was a significant predictor of teaching competency (CR=7.635,0.349, p = 0.00).

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pekrun, Goetz ve Perry (2002) tarafından öğrencilerin akademik ortamlarda yaşadığı başarı duygularını ölçmek için geliştirilen Başarı Duyguları Anketini (BDA) Lise öğrencileri örnekleminde Türk dili ve kültürüne uyarlamaktır. BDA, öğrencilerin başarı duygularını üç farklı bölümde (Ders, Sınav ve Öğrenmeye İlişkin Duygular) ve 24 farklı ölçekle değerlendirmek için tasarlanmış çok boyutlu bir öz bildirim aracıdır. Ders ile ilişkili başarı duyguları ölçekleri toplamda 80 maddeden oluşmaktadır ve keyif, umut, gurur, öfke, kaygı, utanma, umutsuzluk ve sıkılma olmak üzere 8 ölçekten oluşmaktadır. Öğrenme ile ilişkili başarı duyguları ölçekleri 75 maddeden oluşmaktadır ve ders duyguları ölçekleri ile aynı duyguları ölçmektedir. Sınav ile ilişkili duygular bölümü toplam 77 maddeden ve keyif, umut, gurur, öfke, kaygı, utanma, umutsuzluk ve rahatlama olmak üzere 8 ölçekten oluşmaktadır. BDA modüler olarak tasarlanmıştır ve araştırmacının ihtiyacı doğrultusunda şekillendirilebilir. Çalışmada veriler 14-19 yaş arasındaki 1155 Türk öğrencisinden (%59.6 kadın, %40.4 erkek) elde edilmiştir. Uyarlama aşamasında ölçek maddeleri dört İngilizce öğretmeni ve bir İngilizce okutmanı tarafından birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından çeviriler incelenerek en tutarlı şekilde çevrilen maddeler seçilmiştir. Ölçek maddeleri daha sonra iki Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Öğretmeni tarafından Türk diline uygunluğu açısından incelenmiştir. Uyarlanan ölçeğin faktör yapısını incelemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pekrun ve diğerlerinin (2011) çalışmasına dayanarak ölçeklerin faktör yapısı üç farklı model karşılaştırarak incelenmiştir. Model 1 tek faktörlü yapıdadır ve ölçek maddeleri duygu durumuna ilişkin faktörün gözlenen göstergeleridir. Model 2 dört faktörlü yapıdadır ve her bir duygu durumu fizyolojik, güdüsel, bilişsel ve duyuşsal olmak üzere dört faktör altında toplanmaktadır. Model 3 ise Model 1 ve 2'nin birleştirildiği hiyerarşik bir modeldir; duygu durumu ikinci sıralı faktör; fizyolojik, güdüsel, bilişsel ve duyuşsal durumlar, birinci sıralı faktörlerdir. Çalışma sonuçları ölçekten elde edilen puanlara ait geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik kanıtlarının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre, Türk kültürüne uyarlanan Başarı Duyguları Anketinin Türkiye bağlamında kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.

The purpose of this study is to measure learners' perceptions toward the Web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of a hybrid program. These activities and assignments were designed based on a set of appropriate instructional parameters and objectives. By measuring learners' perceptions, this study attempts to find whether these activities/assignments promote learning. This study gives attention to the variables of age, gender, and experience with the Internet to find whether these variables are significant factors in learners' perceptions toward the Web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of the hybrid program. A ten-item Likert-type instrument was designed based on the instructional parameters and objectives. The instrument collects information about the learners' perceptions of Web-based distance learning activities and assignments portion of the hybrid program. The subjects of this study were 106 students who were enrolled in an undergraduate hybrid program in management designed for working adults. In addition to descriptive analyses, three separate Analyses of Variance (one-way ANOVA) were conducted to answer the research questions in this study. Results indicated that overall students gravely perceived that the Web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of their hybrid program promoted learning. Age and gender were not significant factors. However, there was a significant difference among levels of learners' experience with the Internet and their perceptions toward the Web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of the hybrid program. Subjects who had more experience with the Internet indicated significantly higher perceptions toward the Web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of the hybrid program. The findings are discussed and recommendations are made based on the results of this study.

This deliverable has been produced in the context of the Knowledge-Practice Laboratory (KPLab) project, which is aimed at facilitating innovative practices of working with knowledge in higher education, teacher training, and professional networks. This delverable is a synopsis of the first experiences encountered during the first 6 months of the work in WP10. WP10 focused on tools and practices where elicitation, capturing and creating knowledge in different representational modes aims to making them available for problem solving and collaborative knowledge advancement in professional networks. During the first 6 months the emphasis of work has been on the state-of-the-art research, organizing and negotiating the empirical cases with professional organizations and on the coevolutionary process of defining the requirements of KP-Lab tools and practices. State-ofthe- art research has concentrated on how In WP 10 we have started to refine the research approaches as there were no ready ...

Multimedia bridges the gap between the teaching and learning processes in the Physics classroom by the fruitful realisation of the curricular objectives. The study purported to develop a Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package in Physics and to test its effectiveness in augmenting Science Learning Interest of Secondary School Students of Kerala. Further, this effectiveness was to be compared with that of the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction. The Quasi Experimental Method with the Pre-Test Post-Test Non Equivalent Groups Design was found to be suitable for the study. The Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package and the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction were the independent variables while Science Learning Interest was the dependent variable of the study. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 400 Secondary School Students of Kerala with 200 each in the Experimental and Control Groups. The results of the study showed that the TeacherAssisted Multim...

The study reviews the five phases of the ADDIE process in providing an overarching goal of a study. Secondly, the four phases of Developmental Based research phases were at the core of the study and integrated a research perspective that resulted in improved design principles. A relationship between the ADDIE phases, the Developmental Based Research phases and the evaluations functions is established. Information gathering uses the ADDIE systematic process, which was used to guide in reaching the objectives of the study. Data was analysed for validity and reliability using the Developmental Based Research

Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan's (2001) dimension of Web-Ba...

Project Links, an NSF-supported project at Rensselaer, is a cooperative effort by faculty from several departments, schools, and institutions to develop materials linking mathematical topics with their applications in engineering and science. The primary product of this effort is a set of interactive, web-based learning modules that rely heavily on hypertext, animations, and interactive Java applets.

By completing the PN-Junction Lab in ABACUS -Assembly of Basic Applications for Coordinated Understanding of Semiconductors, users will be able to: a) conduct driftdiffusion modeling, b) describe the physical and mathematical operation of PN-Junctions, and c) build and validate a simple PN Junction simulation tool.

Implementasi algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) pada robot untuk pencarian sumber kebocoran gas memerlukan informasi posisi dari setiap robot. Penggunaan kamera memungkinkan untuk mendapatkan informasi posisi robot yang lebih absolut dan akurat dibandingkan dengan perangkat pencari informasi posisi lainnya. Paper ini memaparkan suatu metode yang akan digunakan untuk mencari posisi robot. Metode yang diajukan menggunakan beberapa teknik pengolahan citra, seperti, Color Filtering dan Blobs Filtering guna mengenali dan memperoleh posisi robot. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang telah dilakukan, metode ini mampu menentukan posisi absolut robot sehingga ia dapat menyediakan informasi posisi robot dalam implementasi algoritma PSO.

Research findings into how our brains work (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking 2000; Damasio 1999; Pinker 1997) are stimulating a re-examination of traditional principles of designing teaching and learning experiences. Insights from this research are not only helping to deepen our understanding of traditional core learning principles, but they are also providing practical guidance on how to design learning experiences for our new high technology environments.

Learning protocols are a self-guided way of writing that allows for elaboration and reflection on learning content. In an experimental study (N = 103), we supported protocol writing with prompts to elicit important strategies as postulated by a cyclical model of selfregulated learning. Students received either (a) no prompts, (b) cognitive prompts, (c) metacognitive prompts, (d) mixed prompts without, or (e) including prompts for planning of remedial strategies. Prompting all essential sub-processes of self-regulated learning (group e) fostered students' comprehension best. Thus, with appropriate support, writing can serve as a beneficial medium helping students to self-regulate their understanding of subject matter.

It has been accepted that Mobile Learning has provided innovative opportunities for both teachers and students, as it produces an active learning atmosphere anywhere and anytime. Mobile learning model can be resourcefully improvised by adding the cloud technology into it. This paper explores the effect of cloud based mobile learning on education competencies of engineering students. The main intention is to test whether cloud based mobile learning has a positive effect on student's performance by investigating the effect of this innovative teaching system on course outcomes. The results showed that introduction of cloud based mobile learning in studying an engineering subject is productive and does has an positive impact on education competencies of engineering students. The results particularly indicate that technology underneath cloud based mobile learning can be effectively used in the study of engineering subjects resulting in superior attainment of course outcomes.

Studying worked examples and engaging in self-explanation are well-supported strategies for developing self-regulated learning and improving student performance. Our efforts involve a design theory approach to creating a Web-based learning tool that uses the notion of a weekly quiz to draw students into an environment that supports the development of fundamental strategies for improving performance and well-structured problem solving. This manuscript describes a quasi-experimental study to isolate the specific impact of our tool on student learning and motivation. Results are inconclusive about an impact for students only provided with worked examples. The combination of a worked example with a self-explanation prompt produces improvement in performance, problem solving skill, and self-efficacy.

The Web Interface for Statistics Education (WISE) aims to enhance student learning and understanding of core statistical concepts. The project includes a comprehensive World Wide Web site with links to electronic journals, archived discussion lists, datasets, and interactive tutorials. The statistical concepts addressed by the WISE tutorials are relevant to undergraduate and graduate instruction in any field-such as psychology, economics, or biology-that uses statistical methodology.

In the coming decades, the platforms and formalisms scholars employ to display, transform, and transmit information will continue to evolve. Innovations in information management did not stop with the codex. They will not stop with the PC. The purpose of this paper is to explore a specific implication that new paradigms of computing—especially those pertaining to 3D objects and 3D environments—will present for the discipline of history. Put simply, this study suggests historians will need to re‐think the aesthetics of their discipline. Drawing on the experience of the<it> 3D Virtual Buildings Project</it>, it suggests there are two possibilities historians can and ought to explore. The first is to test the efficacy of 3D objects as cognitive tools, tools designed to assist student realization that historical works are models, models that must be distinguished from the objects they represent. The second is to explore the use of 3D‐immersive environments as platforms to display research findings. If Virtual Reality is to emerge as a viable medium for the historical discipline, scholars will need to transform their practice. Assumptions regarding the constitution of narrative, authorship and the scholarly work will all require modification.

As online training in the aviation industry continues to expand, understanding how learners engage in open online courses may help inform course design. Currently little is known about student engagement in aviation Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and more information is needed about those who utilize, but do not complete them. Datasets from two aviation MOOCs were cluster-analyzed to determine subpopulations based on activity (discussions, videos, quizzes). Differences were examined for days of activity and completion. Survey data revealed differences in demographics and learning goals. Three significantly different subgroups were found for each MOOC. Engagement patterns were similar between corresponding levels across MOOCs for the most and least engaged groups, but differences were noted in the middle groups: MOOC 1 had a broader interest in optional discussions and videos, MOOC 2 had a narrower interest in optional discussions. Notably, significant associations were found between subgroups and days of activity, total quiz scores, and completions. In both MOOCs, significant differences were found between clusters and days of activity, with more highly engaged groups active more days than lower engaged groups. For both MOOCs, significant differences were found between cluster membership and total quiz score and significant associations were found between cluster group and course completion. In both MOOCs, the lower engaged clusters (Low and Moderate Engagers) showed a statistically significantly higher than expected proportion of students not completing the course.

Microlearning is a relatively new concept introduced a decade ago in higher education. It is a highly focussed, flexible and extremely targeted approach
to teaching and learning suited for the fast-paced world. This article presents the advantages of microlearning for Term Supervisors and Clinical Tutors.

In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for organizing emerging analytic activities involving educational data that can fall under broad and often loosely defined categories, including Academic/Institutional Analytics, Learning Analytics/ Educational Data Mining, Learner Analytics/Personalization, and Systemic Instructional Improvement. While our approach is substantially informed by both higher education and K-12 settings, this framework is developed to apply across all educational contexts where digital data are used to inform learners and the management of learning. Although we can identify movements that are relatively independent of each other today, we believe they will in all cases expand from their current margins to encompass larger domains and increasingly overlap. The growth in these analytic activities leads to the need to find ways to synthesize understandings, find common language, and develop frames of reference to help these movements develop into a field.

This article describes the creation of a fully online master&#x27;s program for e-learning specialist training. This program is the first of its kind in Japan. As background information, Japan&#x27;s general trends in e-learning are described, including activities of the e-Learning Consortium Japan and National Institute of Multimedia in Education. Such features of the master&#x27;s program are then introduced as core and optional competencies for graduates, curriculum design, course design policy, and learning portal design. Since the core of the program is instructional design and the program deals with e-learning not only as the means of delivery but also as the content area of training, this online master&#x27;s program may be considered unusual. Nevertheless, the lessons learned in this case and associated implications for other program development are important to others building similar online programs.

One problem with research on haw students learn (using new technology) is that it is usually concerned with a specific topic, i.e. it has rather a narrow domain and it is not clear to what extent the findings are applicable to other domains. This paper discusses research in two rather different domains: novices learning programming and school pupils interpreting carte&m graphs. We discuss the findings in each domain but our main focus is to examine the extent to which general principles and issues apply across both domains. F&&y, we discuss some of the implications from our research, for instructional design. tn the case of novices iearning programming we are concerned with the development of instructional materials for teaching computer concepts. In the case of graph i~te~~tat~on the research skews that interpreting trends in graphs is a complex skill which is often performed badly by pupils-but which teachers often assume they can do. Here: we are concerned with how camputers can be used to help pupils to develop graph interpretation skills and basic concepts. In order to gain a detailed understanding of the learning procc;sses involved in both domains we are using Artificial Intelligence techniques to model the cognitive processes. We shall, therefore, also discuss how such techniques can help us improve instructional design.