Islamabad

 Lahore, Gujranwala, and Okara are the most polluted city based on PM2.5  Jhang, Multan, and Vehari are the most polluted cities based on AOD  Aerosols, nighttime lights, population, cropland, and fire show same spatial patterns  Pakistan's entire population is exposed to long-term PMx (x = 1, 2.5, & 10)  Pakistan's air quality is mainly affected by local anthropogenic sources Highlights (for review) 2

BACKGROND
Burn wound infections carry considerable mortality and morbidity amongst burn injury victims who have been successfully rescued through the initial resuscitation. This study assessed the prevalent microrganisms causing burn wound infections among hospitalized patients; their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics; and the frequency of infections with respect to the duration of the burn wounds.
METHODS
This study was carried out at Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan over a period of two years (i.e. from June 2010 to May 2012). The study included all wound-culture-positive patients of either gender and all ages, who had  sustained  deep  burns  and  underwent  definitive  management with wound excisions and skin auto-grafting. Patients with negative cultures of the wounds were excluded. Tissue specimens for culture and sensitivity were collected from burn wounds using standard collection techniques and analyzed at microbiological laboratory.
RESULTS
Out of a total of 95 positive microbial growths, 36 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.29%) as the most frequent isolate found, followed  by  21 Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.58%), 19 Staphylococcus aureaus (18.62%), 10 Proteus  (9.80%), 7 E. coli (6.86%), 7 Acinetobacter (6.86%), and  4 Candida  (3.92%).  A variable antibiotic susceptibility pattern was observed among the grown microbes. Positive cultures were significantly more frequent among patients with over two weeks duration of burn wounds.
CONCLUSION
P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus constituted the most common bacterial microbes of burn wounds in our in-patients cases. Positive cultures were more frequent among patients with over two weeks duration of burn wounds. Early excision and skin grafting of deep burns and adherence to infection control measures can help to effectively reduce the burden of these infections.

An experiment was conducted to compare the growth and yield of different organic vegetables at National Institute of Organic
Agriculture, NARC Islamabad during the year 2011. The revenue per acre under tunnels is highest from green onion production
followed by coriander and spinach production. However the revenue per acre is minimum from okra production. The revenue per acre
from radish and turnip production are rupees 70400 and 56320, respectively. The revenue per acre from cauliflower production are
rupees 26720. The comparative analysis of revenue generated from open field grown organic vegetables during 2011 showed that
revenue per acre is highest from broccoli production followed by the Kale (karram saag), turnip and radish production. The per acre
revenue from ice berg, coriander and spinach production are rupees 54400, 42240 and 16000 respectively. However from open field
production of crops per acre revenue is lowest (Rs. 7200/-) from china salad production.

This study assesses the perceived level of Open Access (OA) awareness, challenges, and opportunities in context of university libraries of Pakistan. The differences between public and private sector university libraries in terms of their awareness, challenges and opportunities were also analyzed in this study. Survey research design, based on a structured questionnaire, was employed to meet the objectives of the study. The population of the study was libraries of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) recognized universities located in Punjab and Islamabad (Pakistan). The findings revealed that majority of university libraries were fully aware of HEC-National Digital Library (NDL) OA resources, OA journals, and Pakistan Research Repository, whereas, somewhat aware of Budapest OA Initiative, and Diamond OA Model. Lack of additional resources (staff, time, efforts), unreliability of OA information resources, and inadequate tools and infrastructure were identified as top challenges. However, free access, increase in library value, and fulfilling users need with shrinking budget were top three identified opportunities. The study did not find any significant statistically difference between public and private university libraries in terms of their level of awareness, perceived challenges and opportunities. This study is administered in institutional context and fills the literature gap.

The purpose of CDA creation in June, 1960 was to see the planning and maintenance of the capital city. CDA is a public sector organization which is not only responsible for development of Islamabad but also performs all functions of municipal committee to provide for cleanliness, health, education, supply of goods and food etc. CDA is lagging quality in operations and projects. So to improve this quality deficiency in CDA we devised a research. The research methodology considers research through different secondary sources such as different websites, journals and research papers etc. By the use we above mentioned sources we have collected data for some of better performing urban development authorities in Pakistan and in the world. Than we compare operations and projects performance metrics for the enlisted enterprises. After this we studied existing operations and projects performance metrics of the capital development authority Islamabad. We have developed collective operations and projects performance metrics for CDA by comparing those of CDA with the enlisted three enterprises. To explore relevance and importance of collective operations and projects performance metrics; we have collected impressions of clients of CDA by using an online survey. The results are in favor of client satisfaction. Most of the users think client satisfaction is most important and relevant factor for CDA. On the same page, transparency was rated least by clients. The research identifies important areas for CDA which needs a lot of improvement. Clients rated construction time and cost on 7th number. This is main area as far as CDA is concerned and people rated it as least. So a lot improvement can be made in this area.

E-co m m e rce, a ddi t io nally re fe rre d t o a s e l e ctro nic co m m e rce o r EC, is t he buy i ng & m e rcha ndis ing o f pro duct s a nd s e rv i ce s, o r t ra ns mi tting da t a o r funds , o v e r a di gi t a l ne t w o rk , w hi ch p ri m a rily i s t he w e b.

Central and South Asian brick kilns have long attracted the attention of both humanitarian agencies and scholars as sites of slavery-like forms of labor exploitation. They represent both an important case study for investigating the systems of dependence and debt-relationships that characterize Southern Asian capitalism, and a big challenge to creating sustainable, international standards for human labor. One aspect largely overlooked in the literature concerns the ideas of freedom that emerge in situations of bondage. Based on ethnographic research conducted in brick kilns in the areas of Gujrat, Islamabad and Rawalpindi in 2015 and 2016, my analysis focuses on workers' narratives and their perceptions of freedom and its absence. Keywords debt bondage – Pakistan – brick kilns – freedom – dependence

This paper deals with Hindu and Sikh religious and secular architecture in the territories of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. It concerns two main aspects: first, the crumbling condition of the temples, bara daris and gurdwaras; second, the architecture of the structures and the wall paintings that decorate them. The paper is subdivided into three parts: the first deals with the temples; the second describes the gurdwaras and the third the bara daris.

The present paper deals with rock engravings and cupules in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. The capital territory abounds in prehistoric and historic sites. Almost every village in Islamabad boasts sites of historical and archaeological significance. Here several cupules and rock engravings have been discovered for the first time by the present author. In this paper, I have discussed five rock art sites two situated in urban areas and three in rural villages around Islamabad.

The mosque occupies a central position in the social as well as religious life of Muslims. It is not only a place of worship where rites are performed, but also serves as a social place where Muslims take part in welfare activities. The design and architecture of the mosque have local as well as global impacts, representing religious, economic, and aesthetic dimensions of Muslim social organization. Generally, the mosque architecture has three notable things: domes, arches and minarets. There are very few examples of mosques which lack any one or all of these architectural features, but still they are maintaining the Muslims' traditional values. In this case-study, the Shah Faisal Mosque of Pakistan has been discussed in detail. This mosque is a dome-less building and is one of the best examples of modern Muslim architecture. This paper discusses the development of innovative architectural and design elements of the mosque and their benefit to the various functions in terms of space planning, proportion and aesthetics. A descriptive analysis is also performed to assess the effectiveness of the cultural and religious role being played by the mosque at national and global level.

The association of madrassas as " breeding grounds for terrorists " is problematic, exacerbated by a lack of understanding of how Islamic religious schools function and contribute to cities and urban social life. Our article provides an interpretative examination of the so-called madrassa question by explaining the urban-spatial embeddedness of madrassas and emphasizing the heightened sense and deployment of religious identities in the quotidian " worlding " of " lived religion " and " lived religious education " of research participants in two madrassa communities in Isla-mabad, Pakistan. Positioned within the growing research on urban sociology and geographies of the intersections of religion and education, this article examines lived religion and religious education within urban spaces. It discusses ethnographic findings on the performance and reproduction of spatially grounded extrareligious roles, identities, and practices in city-based madrassas. We emphasize the religious and nonreligious meanings people attach to these identities and practices, and how these are manifested, represented, and experienced in urban community spaces. We demonstrate madrassas’ connection to people’s place-making practices and
meaning-making as historical processes and purposeful action. Urban landscape, quotidian religious practices, and extra-local political economy are important to linking place, human aspirations, and lived religion in reframing the madrassa question in Pakistan.

Technology is becoming an opportunity for generating new jobs or source of entrepreneurial business ventures. Different sources are utilized by entrepreneurs to sustain their business in market. However, technology is considered as high impact factor on business. Yet, the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) with noteworthy feature for sustainable entrepreneurship in this research recognizes the consequence of technology exploit by start-ups. Research emphasizes technology management intervening of escalating convenience and aggressive improvement for entrepreneurial startups to scamper businesses. For the forthcoming entrepreneurs, the study will award as a constructive path. Research wills responsive towards entrepreneurs to sketch, supervise and accomplish proceeding to strategic issues at diverse ways in venture formation process, principally when introducing considerable technology inimitability at any of the core variable. Model has been proposed that could help firms to concede the transform at derelict area of technology is deficient. This model divulges the management model details and the overall possessions of sustainability in business

Houses are the most imperative slice in the pie of once life. It is well recognized that good quality structured houses are important for the health and wellbeing of those who living in them. The relationship between housing and health is multi-faceted. Houses are one of the traditional areas of concern for public health, though it has been neglected over recent decades. The recent study explores changing of modern construction pattern its causes and impacts on human life as well as health. There are some triggers behind the changing geographical pattern of houses like globalization, industrialization, magazine culture, cultural industry, migration and urban crowd setting. This leads to effect human psychological, physiological and social health. The present study has been conducted in “Bara Kahu” located around 10 kilometers of Islamabad Pakistan where there are a lot of congested and substandard houses. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using mix approach that...

Every year, approximately one million children become victims of abuse by peers, teachers, parents and Ustad (master or the head mechanic). The Ustad sodomize these children at workshops, where they come to gain skills, and earn for their families’ livelihood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature and intensity of child abuse in automobile workshops in Islamabad, and to know the self-perception of these victimized children about such actions of their masters. The social learning theory, which is the most applicable theory to study child abuse, explains that the abuse is learned through actions and observations. The masters learned the abusive behavior from their masters, and thus the vicious cycle goes on from one generation to another in the same pattern. The researchers have used the qualitative research approach, and the data were collected from ten (10) automobile workshops in Barakahu, Islamabad, through semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the children and their masters. The findings of the research showed that children with ages ranging  from 14 to 17 years, work as trainees for more than 11 hours a day, at different automobile workshops in Islamabad, where they fall victim to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. They faced abuse frequently, but they were unable to complain anywhere, as they deemed it the right of their masters to abuse them. Only a small portion of the respondents accepted the fact that, they have faced sexual abuse in addition to physical and emotional abuse. There is no such formal way through which physical and sexual abuse can be prevented. The majority of the respondents stated that as long as they are under the tutelage of the masters, they can tolerate the abuse, because masters teach them with skills and know-how. Once, they become masters themselves, they  get rid of this ill-treatment. The master and some children accomplice in the abuse have a positive impact on children’s learning process, and the parents of these children also encouraged the masters to punish their offsprings during trainings, so they can become perfectly skilled and knowledgeable by the end the target period.

"انصاف ریسرچ ونگ (آئی آر ڈبلیو) نے رائے عامہ دستاویز کر کے ایک نیا باب کھول دیا ہے: سیاسی تاریخ میں پہلی بار جماعت کے انسانی سرمائے کو استعمال کرتے ہوئے بنیادی اعداد و شمار جمع کئے اور طالب علموں کو 'سیاست میں تحقیق' میں ملوث کیا۔

اس تحقیق کا نظریاتی خاکہ چار عناصر (معاشرہ، سیاست، گورنینس اور سالمیت) پر مبنی ہے تاکہ یہ جانا جا سکے کہ عام آدمی کا نقطہ نظر ہمارے معاشرے کے بارے میں کیا ہے اور وہ ہماری سیاست اور انداز حکمرانی (گورنینس) کے بارے میں کیا سوچتا ہے جیسا کہ معاشرے کے لوگ سیاست میں آتے ہیں - ان کی سیاست ریاست کے نظام کی حکمرانی سے اور بالاخر سالمیت سے منسلک ہوتی ہے۔"

"The research measured attitude of consumers towards Web sites and Internet advertising to comprehend aspects of brand building advertising.

Study was conducted among students of Commonwealth Executive Master of Business Administration / Master of Public Administration (CEMBA/CEMPA) at Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad and its regional centers in Rawalpindi and Lahore (Pakistan); sample size 170.

Responses of students tell that advertisements influence more when broadcast on TV than Internet. Among different mediums, they spend most of their time on Internet and TV; use Internet for research purposes. Most of them do not prefer Online shopping to visiting the market and have communicated with other users of a product/service on cyber space.

Design of a company’s web site has a relationship with Online purchase - student’s view of the brand improved after visiting websites of the brands and most care to read banners advertising a brand. Advertisements of brands influence people to a level that cannot be ignored.

Response of consumers towards web sites influences their subsequent brand attitudes and their attitude towards Internet advertising itself."

Prior to the start of its next phase of capacity building of HEIs in 2016, the TESP Secretariat intends to engage short-term services of an individual consultant who will conduct Level-3 evaluation of the above mentioned training programs.
The overall purpose of the consultancy is to create an evidence base to know if the learning from training has transformed into improved actions and behavior at work place. It will be used to improve training strategies and their results in future.

Women’s spaces in Islamic movements in Pakistan appear very similar in their external elements but are radically different in their reorganizations of domestic space, which signal deliberate attempts by movement leaders to appease urban middle‐ and upper‐class Pakistani anxieties related to the demands these movements make on women’s time and attention. Leaders lay out guidelines for the creation of space which attempt to speak to multiple audiences regarding women’s roles in these movements.

I draw on the work of Michel de Certeau to examine the ways in which female members alter the carefully structured spaces of Islamic movements by living in them, and significantly shape women’s movement‐defined roles. I argue that women ultimately combine movement leaders’ visions with their own understandings of virtuous practice to enunciate new ways of imagining their role within movements and in urban Pakistan.

This article reconsiders vulnerability to contemporary hazards within the context of a globalizing world, characterized by the hegemony of technocratic and social modernity. It presents findings of a field study conducted on flood hazard in the Rawalpindi/Islamabad conurbation in Pakistan. Insights from three intellectual traditions within resource geography-pragmatism, political ecology, and ''socionature''-are coupled with the landscape idea within cultural geography to develop the integrative concept of a ''hazardscape.'' This concept is defined as both an analytical way of seeing that asserts power and as a social-environmental space where the gaze of power is contested and struggled against to produce the lived reality of hazardous places. Analyses of the Lai Nullah hazardscape in the Rawalpindi/Islamabad conurbation reveal that flood victims perceive a much greater range of choice in dealing with the flood hazard than do policy makers. On the other hand, flood managers, typically state agents, see a very limited range of choice because of their modernist technocratic engagement with the Lai hazardscape. The hazardscape concept engages the social structural basis of vulnerability as well as the power/ knowledge dynamic governing policy and popular discourses on flood hazard in the Lai. Analysis through the lens of the hazardscape helps expand the range of choice and suggests pragmatic solutions to hazardous situations.

A study was undertaken to assess the existing situation of H-12 dumpsite, where solid waste from Islamabad City is being dumped since 1988, and to propose options for its improvement. The study methodology involved collection of baseline information, topographical survey, and analysis of leachates samples, characterization of incoming waste and evaluation of options for rehabilitation and improvement of the site. The results of the study revealed that solid waste dumped at the H-12 dumpsite, which currently receives about320 tons of solid waste daily, covers an area of 22.4 hectares. The corresponding volume and weight of the waste were found to be 0.45 millionm3 and 0.143 million tons, respectively. Specific weight and moisture content of the old dumped waste were found to be 22 percent and 320 kg/m3,respectively. Analysis of leachates samples collected from the dumpsite was found to be highly contaminated. Characterization of solid waste delivered at the site showed that it mainly comprises a mix of construction and demolition waste, food waste and hospital waste thus indicating that material recovery operations would not be feasible. In order to improve and rehabilitate the dumpsite with a view to mitigate its adverse environmental impacts, three options were considered. These include (a) improvement and rehabilitation of the site without making provision for further inflow of waste; (b) improvement and rehabilitation of the dumpsite with provision to receive the waste

Over the past two decades we have witnessed some dramatic global shifts, eruptions, destructions and the unleashing of new creative forces. We struggle to comprehend, keep up with and be part of the unfolding socio-cultural, political, economic, and religious transformations forging new relationships and interconnections. One of the particular challenges is the intensification of exposure to diverse and divergent ways of being in the world, defying our modernist desire for drawing borders between us and them. The presence of diverse cultural practices, assumptions and social formations counter nationalist hubris and religious orthodoxy and often challenge the limits of our own orientations and assumptions about how the world is; in so doing intensifying conflicts, social marginalization and the denial of justice to those mapped outside emergent “we” groups. Simultaneously though, new possibilities of community and belonging open unique possibilities for creating and living in communities of tolerance and peace.

"The study portrays how citizens see our society and to what extent their philosophy is reflected in our politics and governance, which is interlinked with sovereignty of their state.

Theoretical framework is based on four indicators (society, politics, governance and sovereignty) to know perspective of a common man about our society and what he thinks about our politics and governance as people from the society join politics - their politics is associated with governance of mechanism of the state hence, the sovereignty."

He Provided exemplary Services to Pakistan. He served the Pakistan Army
with distinction in the Corps of Engineers, pioneering The Karakorum
Highway, then called the Indus Valley Road in Kohistan District of the
then Frontier District. I have seen him, as a child, on school holidays,
performing prodigious, and often dangerous, efforts, Supervising Pilot
Cuts to make the Road in the Virgin and steep Mountains of Kohistan, towering above the raging Lion River, The Mighty Indus, as it rushes along it’s Course towards the Distant Seas. The Precariously slung Bailey Bridges and the avalanches with daily fatalities, among the intrepid Engineer Troops, was a Challenge to the Forces of Nature and arose from the intrepid tenacity of the Pakistan Army Officers’ and Jawans.

Los Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores de Turquía, Pakistán y Azerbaiyán se reunieron en Islamabad el 13 de enero de 2021. Tras la segunda cumbre de la plataforma de cooperación trilateral, el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Turquía, Mevlut Cavusoglu, el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Pakistán, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, y el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Azerbaiyán, Ceyhun Bayramov, rmaron una declaración.

Presentation of 'first Political Research Study conducted from platform of Insaf Research Wing [IRW] of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).

(On) Youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaNk0pYiiUA&feature=youtu.be

(On) Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AtifAbbas3/public-opinion-on-society-politics-governance-and-sovereignty