Papers by Max P Bleiweiss
International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation, Dec 1, 2017
Snow-covered area (SCA) is a key variable in the Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) and in other models ... more Snow-covered area (SCA) is a key variable in the Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) and in other models for simulating discharge from snowmelt. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM +) or Operational Land Imager (OLI) provide remotely sensed data at an appropriate spatial resolution for mapping SCA in small headwater basins, but the temporal resolution of the data is low and may not always provide sufficient cloud-free dates. The coarser spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) offers better temporal resolution and in cloudy years, MODIS data offer the best alternative for mapping snow cover when finer spatial resolution data are unavailable. However, MODIS' coarse spatial resolution (500 m) can obscure fine spatial patterning in snow cover and some MODIS products are not sensitive to end-of-season snow cover. In this study, we aimed to test MODIS snow products for use in simulating snowmelt runoff from smaller headwater basins by a) comparing maps of TM and MODIS-based SCA and b) determining how SRM streamflow simulations are changed by the different estimates of seasonal snow depletion. We compared gridded MODIS snow products (Collection 5 MOD10A1 fractional and binary SCA; SCA derived from Collection 6 MOD10A1 Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI) Snow Cover), and the MODIS Snow Covered-Area and Grain size retrieval (MODSCAG) canopy-corrected fractional SCA (SCA MG), with reference SCA maps (SCA REF) generated from binary classification of TM imagery. SCA MG showed strong agreement with SCA REF ; excluding true negatives (where both methods agreed no snow was present) the median percent difference between SCA REF and SCA MG ranged between −2.4% and 4.7%. We simulated runoff for each of the four study years using SRM populated with and calibrated for snow depletion curves derived from SCA REF. We then substituted in each of the MODIS-derived depletion curves. With efficiency coefficients ranging between 0.73 and 0.93, SRM simulation results from the SCA MG runs yielded the best results of all the MODIS products and only slightly underestimated discharge volume (between 7 and 11% of measured annual discharge). SRM simulations that used SCA derived from Collection 6 NDSI Snow Cover also yielded promising results, with efficiency coefficients ranging between 0.73 and 0.91. In conclusion, we recommend that when simulating snowmelt runoff from small basins (< 4000 km 2) with SRM, we recommend that users select either canopy-corrected MODSCAG or create their own site-specific products from the Collection 6 MOD10A1 NDSI.
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2002
Information on snow water resources is a major concern in river basins where the snowmelt runoff ... more Information on snow water resources is a major concern in river basins where the snowmelt runoff can be a significant contributor to total discharge, even in basins such as the Rio Grande where desert makes up much of the downstream area. Snow resource information is especially useful in the Rio Grande for irrigation, hydropower, and water supply management. The system,
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2005
Sensors on board several satellites can measure the thermal infrared radiation emitted from the e... more Sensors on board several satellites can measure the thermal infrared radiation emitted from the earth&#39;s surface. By applying specific algorithms, this data can be used to produce Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps. This data is very important in energy balance studies, climate modeling and global change studies. This paper compares LST data derived from the Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Mar 1, 1974
! Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per r... more ! Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, i gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments rega-ding this burden estimate cr any other aspect of this i collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services. Directorate for Information Operations and Reports.
Aeolian Research, Jun 1, 2018
Despite efforts to quantify the impacts of land cover change on wind erosion, assessment uncertai... more Despite efforts to quantify the impacts of land cover change on wind erosion, assessment uncertainty remains large. We address this uncertainty by evaluating the application of ecological site concepts and state-andtransition models (STMs) for detecting and quantitatively describing the impacts of land cover change on wind erosion. We apply a dust emission model over a rangeland study area in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA, and evaluate spatiotemporal patterns of modelled horizontal sediment mass flux and dust emission in the context of ecological sites and their vegetation states; representing a diversity of land cover types. Our results demonstrate how the impacts of land cover change on dust emission can be quantified, compared across land cover classes, and interpreted in the context of an ecological model that encapsulates land management intensity and change. Results also reveal the importance of established weaknesses in the dust model soil characterisation and drag partition scheme, which appeared generally insensitive to the impacts of land cover change. New models that address these weaknesses, coupled with ecological site concepts and field measurements across land cover types, could significantly reduce assessment uncertainties and provide opportunities for identifying land management options.
Solar Physics, May 1, 1976
The solar radius at 35 GHz has been determined from solar radio maps made with a pencil beam ante... more The solar radius at 35 GHz has been determined from solar radio maps made with a pencil beam antenna of half-power beam width 2.8 arcmin at the La Posta Astrogeophysical Observatory during 1973 and 1974. The 35 GHz radius was found to be 2.57% ±0.88% larger than the photospheric radius. The sensitivity of the result to the method of determination is discussed.
Solar Physics, Jul 1, 1975
CAB International eBooks, 2011
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Mar 14, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Apr 1, 2023
Development of a solar-disturbance forecasting system for reducing or circumventing degradation o... more Development of a solar-disturbance forecasting system for reducing or circumventing degradation of performance in operational systems depends upon the ability to describe the earth environment in terms of a transfer medium for the specific system and assess and predict the effects of solar-radiation fluctuations upon the transfer medium and, hence, upon the system performance. A need exists for a wide range of solar x-ray, uv, and particle measurements with time resolution, spectral resolution, and dynamic range, so that solar emissions can be monitored in detail continusouly and in near real-time. The SOLRAD High Satellite System (SR XI A, B, C) offers the only sensor package capable of providing the necessary data inputs for a suitable solar/ionospheric disturbance forecasting system. (auth)
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Sep 1, 1974
ABSTRACT Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) along the Rio Grande River has become a major hydrologi... more ABSTRACT Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) along the Rio Grande River has become a major hydrological as well as political issue in New Mexico. The State of New Mexico has spent millions of dollars in recent years to eradicate riparian vegetation without being able to quantify the change in regional ET. Many studies have focused on measuring evapotranspiration of individual riparian vegetation types, mainly saltcedar and native cottonwood. However, the riparian vegetation on the Middle Rio Grande varies in density and species.. Spatial variation in climate, soil type and depth to groundwater causes variation in ET, as well. It is obvious that in order to obtain more accuracy in measurements, multiple sampling points are needed; thus, making the process costly and impractical An alternative solution, which is also cost-effective, is measuring ET by using remote sensing technology. Remote sensing combines regional satellite data with localized ET measurement to calculate regional ET. REEM (Regional ET Estimation Model) is a process that uses the energy balance at the top of the canopy to estimate ET. REEM has been using ASTER images for values of surface temperature, albedo and NDVI to calculate net radiation (Rn), ground heat flux (G) and sensible heat flux (H). The ET is then calculated as residual of the energy components. The REEM model is being used to calculate regional ET values for the Riparian vegetation of the Middle Rio Grande. The paper compares the ET values for various vegetation types using remote sensing and ET derived from Eddy Covariance Flux Towers.
Annals of medicine and surgery, Dec 1, 2022
Recently, a short communication entitled "Worsening situation of smog in Pakistan: A tale of thre... more Recently, a short communication entitled "Worsening situation of smog in Pakistan: A tale of three cities" by Ashraf et al. (2022), published in Annals of Medicine and Surgery, discussed the rapid rise in smog and air pollution in Pakistani cities including Lahore, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad, in spite of the implementation of some policy measures by the Punjab government to reduce emission. In short comment, we do not argue about the conclusion that more stringent measures are needed. However, we do take issue with the presentation of the data, in particular the interpretation of the air quality index (AQI). For example: 1. Misinterpretation of AQI: The authors stated that (a) According to recent data, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in certain areas of Lahore has frequently exceeded 400 μg/m 3 in the month of November 2021 while the safe AQI value is considered below 50 μg/m 3 (their reference 1); (b) According to recent IQAir reports (November 2021), air quality data of Faisalabad, Lahore and Gujranwala is 297.2 μg/m 3 , 271.8 μg/m 3 and 201.6 μg/m 3 respectively; and (c) Figure 1.
AGUFM, Dec 1, 2008
Current efforts for simulating or forecasting snowmelt are time-consuming and laborious; the AWAR... more Current efforts for simulating or forecasting snowmelt are time-consuming and laborious; the AWARE project (A tool for monitoring and forecasting Available WAter REsource in mountain environments) has been motivated by the urgent need to facilitate the prediction of medium-term flows from snowmelt for an effective and sustainable water resources management. Its main goal is to provide innovative tools for monitoring
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 16, 2015
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Papers by Max P Bleiweiss