Ahp

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of organization branches in Tehran  by using the hybrid method TOPSIS, AHP, BSC, so that the deficiencies of such a subjective and selective attention Leaders (assessors) in the evaluation and integration of yield loss with In terms of the contribution of each group to achieve the goals to provide BSC. In this study, a multi-criteria decision making approach for evaluating the performance of the branches of Organization as a IT company, offers. Methods used in the study is experimental. Data were collected by interviews, questionnaires, and study documents in the organization. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Expert Choice softwares.

In line with the social objectives of the PNPB (Brazilian Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel) and its “Social Seal” Framework, PETROBRAS has set up a 57 million liter/year biodiesel plant in the semi‐arid region of North of Minas Gerais State, where the socioeconomics indicators are very unfavorable. Despite the potential to boost the agricultural and agro‐industrial sector, the

The problem of purchasing a mono type flashlight for all the staff working at a shipyard is a good application for AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) because of its nature. The staff working at site or on board normally do their jobs in a special environment where inside of tanks and blocks are completely dark. Personal preferences, depending on the experiences and habits affect the flashlight choices of the staff. This makes the purchasing problem; a multi criteria and multi attribute decision making (MCMADM) problem which complies with AHP. E. K. Gencsoy from BV Istanbul/Turkey has developed a method to do this as explained in this study.

Nowadays, daily life intensively depends on public services. Increasing population and urbanization take humans away from environment which may lead to chaos in usage of city lands. Consequently, human is in trouble using public services and facilities including green spaces. Isfahan, one of the metropolitans, has 18 m2 green spaces per person while City Park of district 8 is of inappropriate distribution with regard to population density. To create a localization map of civil park, Isfahan district 8 has been selected. The selected district delimits to Baharestan in north and to Kaveh street in west and to Shahid Forouqi in south and to Emam Komeini street in west-south. Finally, GIS has been used to create given layers and calculate weights based on AHP. According to overlap between layers, the most appropriate places have been identified.

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, it is aimed at determining the best renewable energy alternative for Istanbul by using an integrated VIKOR-AHP methodology. Second, a selection among alternative energy production sites in this city is made using the same approach. In the proposed VIKOR-AHP methodology, the weights of the selection criteria are determined by pairwise comparison matrices of AHP. In energy decision making problems, the judgments of decision makers are usually vague. As it is relatively difficult for decision makers to provide exact values for the criteria, the evaluation data for the alternative energy policies should be expressed in linguistic terms. In order to model this kind of uncertainty in human preferences, fuzzy logic is applied very successfully. Thus, both classical VIKOR and classical AHP procedures are performed under fuzzy environment. The originality of the paper comes from the application of the proposed integrated VIKOR-AHP methodology to the selection of the best energy policy and production site. It is found that wind energy is the most appropriate renewable energy option and Çatalca district is the best area among the alternatives for establishing wind turbines in Istanbul.

This paper develops a quantitative analysis of operative risk. We model the volatilities of major financial indices Chemicals Industry for the period 2000-2009. The model uses an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multicriterio technique, to identifying the weight of major financial indices: profitability, indebtedness, liquidity, efficiency and viability. Next, we set up an operative risk measure capturing the whole Industry indices. It becomes the risk measurement benchmark to settle level business risk by a membership function which qualitatively sorts as severe, moderate or low. The model uses time series analysis to predict industry ratios. We use a linear programming model and choose the method that produces the minimum forecast error. Last, we project ratios and their volatility. We use business information issued by the Annual Manufacturing Survey 2010, and information of the 5000 Money Magazine companies.

Wastewater treatment plant Optimization AHP GIS cost-effective strategy for pollution control and reuse [2]. An important concern regarding wastewater treatment is the determination of the treatment plant sites [2]. Many countries and scientific organizations have issued their standards or guidelines for the site selection of wastewater treatment plants. Many parameters must be considered in site selection studies, and systematic approaches are required to combine the data obtained from a wide range of disciplines [3]. The geographical information system (GIS) integrates spatial data (e.g., maps, aerial photographs, and satellite images) with quantitative, qualitative, and descriptive information databases.

Spread mooring systems are associated with high level uncertainties and risks during tanker loading/ unloading operations. In addition, the design of such complex systems consists of many subjective and imprecise parameters. Therefore, in the present study, a fuzzy based decision support methodology is designed to overcome aforementioned characteristics. The fuzzy methodology incorporates qualitative and partially known information into the decision support model and provides a robust mathematical framework for modeling of the spread mooring systems. Proposed model is based on the analytic hierarchy method (AHP) and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods in a fuzzy environment where the vagueness and subjectivity are handled with linguistic and fuzzy values. The fuzzy AHP method is used to analyze the structure of the mooring system selection problem and determine the weights of the attributes while fuzzy TOPSIS method is employed for ranking the spread mooring systems. The case study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methodology.

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis does not provide an analytical means to determine the importance of the identified factors or the ability to assess decision alternatives according to these factors. Although the analysis successfully pinpoints the factors, individual factors are usually described briefly and very generally. For this reason, SWOT analysis possesses deficiencies in the measurement and evaluation steps. Although the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique removes these deficiencies, it does not allow for measurement of the possible dependencies among the factors. The AHP method assumes that the factors presented in the hierarchical structure are independent; however, this assumption may be inappropriate in light of certain internal and external environmental effects. Therefore, it is necessary to employ a form of SWOT analysis that measures and takes into account the possible dependency among the factors. This paper demonstrates a process for quantitative SWOT analysis that can be performed even when there is dependence among strategic factors. The proposed algorithm uses the analytic network process (ANP), which allows measurement of the dependency among the strategic factors, as well as AHP, which is based on the independence between the factors. Dependency among the SWOT factors is observed to effect the strategic and sub-factor weights, as well as to change the strategy priorities. .tr (M. Daǧdeviren). Information Sciences 177 (2007) 3364-3382 www.elsevier.com/locate/ins _ I. Yü ksel, M. Daǧ deviren / Information Sciences 177 (2007) 3364-3382

Economic, Social and Socio-Economic performances are the three pillars of sustainability. Numerous dimensions address each of their performances. Each dimension contributes towards sustainable performance measure. This necessitates an index to account the various dimensions of the sustainability. Since multiple dimensions are associated with sustainable performance, the index warrants composition of many dimensions. The objective of the paper is to develop a Composite Performance Index (CPI) to measure and evaluate the industries in terms of sustainable performances. The development of CPI can be addressed as one of Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems. This paper presents a MADM model developed for 'CPI for sustainability' and illustrates its application with case study examples. The CPI developed for sustainability can be useful for assessing the performance of industries as well identifying environmental practices to be followed for their sustainability.

Abstraksi Guru adalah pendidik profesional yang mempunyai tugas, fungsi, dan peran penting dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Tidaklah berlebihan kalau dikatakan bahwa masa depan masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara, sebagian besar ditentukan oleh guru. Oleh sebab itu, profesi guru perlu ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan secara terus menerus dan proporsional menurut jabatan fungsional guru. Agar fungsi dan tugas yang melekat pada jabatan fungsional guru dilaksanakan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku, dalam rangka dan sebagai upaya pemerintah dalam memberikan pembinaan dan pengembangan profesi guru maka diperlukan penilaian kinerja guru yang menjamin terjadinya proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas di semua jenjang pendidikan. Dalam penilaian kinerja guru harus berdasarkan kriteria dan subkriteria yang telah ditentukan. Proses penilaian kinerja guru pada SMA Negeri 1 Semarang sampai dengan saat ini menggunakan metode konvensional dengan aplikasi Microsoft Office Excel. Dalam proses perhitungannya dengan cara; Nilai PKG dibagi Total Nilai Kinerja dikalikan 100. Permasalahan muncul pada ketidaktepatan Penilai/Kepala Sekolah dalam memberikan penilaian, karena yang dinilai adalah subjektifitas masing-masing guru, sehingga penilaian yang diberikan masih tidak pasti. Ketidaktepatan dalam memberikan penilaian kinerja guru berdampak pada hasil keputusan yang tidak tepat pula. Hal seperti ini jelas akan merugikan para guru yang dinilai, dan terkesan tidak adil, serta akan muncul kecemburuan antar sesama guru di lingkungan sekolah. Berdasarkan analisis sistuasi tersebut, dalam penelitian ini untuk membantu pihak yang berwenang (Kepala Sekolah) dalam memberikan keputusan berdasarkan hasil penilaian kinerja guru, maka dalam penelitian ini diusulkan aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan untuk memberikan penilaian kinerja bagi guru menggunakan metode AHP dan TOPSIS. Penggunaan metode AHP dan TOPSIS dalam penelitian ini secara bersama-sama untuk pengambilan keputusan yang komplek yaitu untuk memberikan penilaian kinerja guru dengan beberapa kriteria. Pada metode AHP, teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan multi kriteria, sedangkan metode TOPSIS untuk memilih alternatif terbaik dari beberapa pilihan yang paling dekat dengan solusi ideal positif dan paling jauh dari solusi ideal negatif.

After the study of the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the reference of other assessment index systems of green space plantation, the essay determined the most proper structure and weight of different factors , which composed the new assessment index system for the campus green space with high artificial property and complex functional needs. The AHP assessed 7 green space's plantation based on both subjective and objective qualification, in order to provide legible and credible basis for the plantation's improvement.

Tendo em vista que um dos maiores riscos enfrentados por organizações que desenvolvem software está associado ao não atendimento das necessidades e expectativas dos usuários, este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma abordagem multicritério fundamentada no método AHP para priorização de requisitos do desenvolvimento de software. Desta forma, acredita-se que os requisitos priorizados podem servir como referência para as etapas que constituem o processo de desenvolvimento de software. Por meio de um estudo de caso, a abordagem proposta foi aplicada a um projeto de desenvolvimento de um software para gestão de recursos humanos. A partir dessa aplicação foi possível captar os julgamentos, determinar as prioridades dos requisitos segundo a percepção dos usuários e também verificar a consistência dos julgamentos.
Since one of the most risks faced by software development companies concerns to the no adequacy of users needs and expectative, this article proposes a multicriteria approach supported on the AHP method for prioritizing requirements of software development. In this context, we believe the prioritized requirements could be a reference to the subsequent steps of software development process. By conducting a case study, the proposed approach was applied to a software development project for human resource management. By doing so, users’ evaluations were collected, the software requirements were prioritized according to their perspectives and the consistency analysis was performed. Key-words: Software Requirements Prioritization, Software Development, AHP

Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) kalitatif nitelik taşıyan sübektif sonuçlara bağlı olarak karar değişkenlerini değerlendirmektedir. DEA ise kantitatif yapılı göreceli etkinlik düzeylerini belirlemede kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu iki tekniğin aynı karar probleminde kullanılması, karar modelinde sübjektivite ve objektivitenin aynı anda yansıtılmasına imkân tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, giderek yaygınlaşan kripto paraların, gelecekte sıklıkla kullanılması olası turizm alanında faaliyet gösterenlerinin etkinlik düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve etkin turizm kripto paralarının saptanarak gelecekte piyasaya sürülecek ya da mevcutta faaliyet gösteren turizm kripto paralarına referans olarak gösterilmesidir.

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluates the decision variables based on the subjective results of qualitative nature. On the other hand, DEA is a method used to determine relative efficiency levels with a quantitative structure. The use of these two techniques in the same decision problem allows the simultaneous reflection of subjectivity and objectivity. The aim of this study is to measure the activity levels of cryptocurrencies, those operating in the field of tourism, which are likely to be used frequently in the future, and to determine the effective tourism cryptocurrencies and to show them as a reference to the tourism cryptocurrencies that will be released in the future or that are currently operating.

This paper presents the planning of purchase and supply of funds, and other inputs necessary to achieve the objectives of the project, processing products based on practices of public companies under the Law on Public Procurement, the process of acquiring, receiving and issuing goods, and how human resources (candidates) can be selected for initiation, planning, organizing, evaluation and successful realization of a project. To determine the most favourable tender in the bid process, the AHP method and Expert Choice program for decision support were used. This paper presents the alternatives and criteria based on which the final decision-making process for the procurement of funds for the project is carried out. The selection criteria do not only take into consideration extra services and delivery speed of resources that the company provides, but also the characteristics of the equipment for the project realization. Key words: AHP, monitoring and management of industrial processes, ...

Using the Saaty and Peniwati (2007) group decision making structured approach as the discussion framework, this study reports on a year-long ePortfolio study undertaken by an ePortfolio task force at a regional liberal arts university. Emphasis will be given to the group decision-making process that led to the development of an ePortfolio selection model and how AHP methodology and the group features of the Decision LensTM software supported the model development process. Future steps in the ePortfolio selection process and lessons learned in using the Analytic Hierarchy Process at a group level will be also discussed.

ABSTRACT. The use of biotechnology in food production gives rise to consumer concerns. The term “consumer concern” is often used as a container notion. It includes concerns about food safety, environmental and animal welfare consequences of food production systems, and ...

Features variety, variations among organisations' needs and the plethora of powerful project and portfolio management (PPM) information systems in the market, make the selection process among various PPM information systems a complicated process. The large number of the evaluation criteria involved during the decision aggravates the problem. This paper addresses the limitation of the number of criteria in such complex decision problems. It develops a hybrid model that exploits the benefits of the group analytic hierarchy process (GAHP) along with the simplicity of the scoring model for justifying the final selection. The proposed approach permits consideration of much more criteria than the typical AHP approach can

This paper is aimed at utilizing a hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model for selecting a supplier. First, eight evaluation criteria, including cost, quality, distance, delivery reliability, reputation, technology level, compatibility and development ability are identified. The Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is initially used for calculating the weight of each criterion. The COmplex PRoportional ASsessment of alternatives to Grey relations (COPRAS-G method) is adopted for ranking and selecting suppliers. In order to illustrate the functional ability of the developed model, Kalleh Company is chosen as a case study and can be used as a pattern for supplier selection and future researches.

It has often been said that the strength of any country resides in the strength of its industrial sector and progress in industrial society has been accomplished by the creation of new technologies. The implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) requires careful planning at all levels of the organisation to ensure that the implementation will achieve the intended goals considering the multiple criteria. An appropriate multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) can be used in order to evaluate and compare new technologies. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has the ability to structure complex, multi-person, multi-attribute and multi-period problems hierarchically. In this paper, a decision-making model is proposed for AMT evaluation and selection. This strategic decision-making model is based on both tangible and intangible criteria and uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Finally, the model was tested in a case study of an aircraft company in Malaysia.

Use of online matrimony for matchmaking is rapidly growing in India. One of the major difficulties faced by the users of such websites is the long time taken to realize the matches. We propose an integrated approach to matchmaking in e-matrimony environment using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process considering multiple criteria involved in the process. The objective of the study is to enable users to search their partners effectively and efficiently and narrow down to the desired matches so that the chances of matchmaking through online portal are maximized. A compatibility index, that is match metric, is developed that enhances the probability of matchmaking with reduction in lead time. Furthermore, Gale-Shapley stable matching algorithm is used to help customers obtain the desired shortlist of profiles with a suggested stable match. An illustrated hypothetical example of matchmaking using an Indian matrimony portal is presented, and the use of the proposed methodology is demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Purpose – This research aims to develop a framework for formulating change management strategies to support the implementation of Knowledge Management System (KMS). The proposed framework then we used to formulate change management strategies of KMS implementation  in PT. TelkomVision Indonesia.
Design/methodology/approach – In order to develop the framework, we reviewed some literatures. Among these literatures, we decided to combine the theory of system thinking concept, Lewin’s Three Steps Model and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The system thinking concept is used to develop the change management strategies. Subsequently, the resulted strategies are mapped to Lewin’s Three Steps Model that provides a framework for managing changes. Lastly, the strategies are prioritized by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). 
Findings – We have tested our proposed framework to obtain change management strategies for KMS implementation in PT. Telkom Vision Indonesia. We obtained change management strategies which consists of 12 strategies that we divided into three steps as in the theory of Lewin’s Three Steps Model.
Practical implication – Our proposed framework can be adopted by other organizations that want to implement KMS. We also consider our proposed framework is general and can be applied for other domains.
Originality/value – We proposed a framework for developing change management strategies for Knowledge Management System Implementation, which is currently unavailable. Most researchers focus on the development of effective KMS as a tool for knowledge sharing, whereas we focus on a different point of view, particularly in formulating a framework for developing strategies in order to make KMS can be accepted and used succesfully by its users.

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a multi-attribute evaluation concept that highlights the importance of non-financial attributes. By incorporating a wider set of non-financial attributes into the measurement system of a firm, the BSC captures not only a firm's current performance, but also the drivers of its future performance. Although there is an abundance of literature on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework, there is a scarcity of literature on how the framework should be properly implemented. In this paper, we use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its variant the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to facilitate the implementation of the BSC. We show that the AHP and the ANP can be tailor-made for specific situations and can be used to overcome some of the traditional problems of BSC implementation, such as the dependency relationship between measures and the use of subjective versus objective measures. Numerical examples are included throughout.

The arrival of the mobile phone and its rapid and widespread growth may well be seen as one of the most significant developments in the fields of communication and information technology over the past two decades. The aim of this study is to propose a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to evaluate the mobile phone options in respect to the users' preferences order. Firstly, the most desirable features influencing the choice of a mobile phone are identified. This is realized through a survey conducted among the target group, the experiences of the telecommunication sector experts and the studies in the literature. Two MCDM methods are then used in the evaluation procedure. More precisely, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine the relative weights of evaluation criteria and the extension of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to rank the mobile phone alternatives. A case study illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The aim of this paper is to find out the maintenance strategy for vital machines in a tea industry. Firstly various failure modes and the potential causes and effects of failure are identified using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).Risk priority number of failure modes are calculated. VED analysis is combined with FMEA in order to find out vital machines with very high RPN number. Maintenance plan for each of the vital machines are find out using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIKOR, and Preventive maintenance interval is scheduled using Monte Carlo simulation.

Today all organizations around the world are trying to optimize the business process
in the global market upon continuous improvement and total quality management in
order to survive in a competitive market. Since there are huge costs to implement all
tools and techniques of total quality management and it is not economical for any
organization to apply all. Nine Total  Quality Management’s Critical Techniques
(TQM’s CTs) have been presented to implement in automotive industry. Each
technique has a special application but on the other hand, some of them can be used
for an assimilation objective and also some of them can be applied for more than one
objective. The main objective of this study has been based  on both internal and
external customer satisfaction. In order to achieve the main objective, six significant
criteria as decision making parameters have been proposed. The study has ranked the
TQM’s CTs as alternatives regarding to each criterion through one of the best and
widely used decision making methods that is called Analytic Hierarchy Process
(AHP) in ten selected Malaysia automotive companies. It has also determined an
overall ranking of implementation of TQM’s CTs with respect to all criteria and by
considering their performance weight. The results of overall ranking of TQM’s CTs
iii are listed as follows: (1)  Advanced Product Quality Planning Process (APQP); (2)
Quality Function Deployment (QFD); (3)  Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
(FMEA); (4) Production Part Approval Process (PPAP); (5) Statistical Process
Control (SPC); (6) Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA); (7) Management and
Planning (MP) tools; (8) Kaizen; (9) 5S.
It has also been found the weight of relationship of TQM’s CTs. For example,
FMEA and SPC, QFD and APQP, QFD and FMEA, and 5S and Kaizen have highest
relationship rather than other critical techniques of TQM.
Finally, an integrated implementation framework of the TQM’s CTs with respect to
their both relationship and performance weight has been suggested to create
awareness and to guide quality planning managers to have an effective
implementation of theses critical techniques of TQM.

Maritime supply chain sustainability has not been widely studied to date. This paper investigates the sustainability performance of five major UK ports. The UK port system is one of the largest and busiest port systems both in Europe and worldwide. The scope of sustainability narrows down to economical and environmental dimensions. A questionnaire is developed to collect data from port managers and logistics experts. The AHP method is utilized to rank the ports using the collected data. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the obtained data to verify the consistency among data and outcomes.

Nowadays, many enterprises choose to outsource its non-core business to other enterprises to reduce cost and increase the efficiency. Many enterprises choose to outsource their supply chain management (SCM) and leave it to a third-party organization in order to improve their services. The paper proposes an integrated and multicriteria tool useful to monitor and to improve performance in an outsourced supply chain. The Analytic Balanced Scorecard method (A-BSC) is proposed as an effective method useful to analyze strategic performance within an outsourced supply chain. The aim of the paper is to present the integration of two methodologies: Balanced Scorecard, a multiple perspective framework for performance assessment, and Analytic Hierarchy Process, a decision-making tool used to prioritize multiple performance perspectives and to generate a unified metric. The development of the framework is aimed to provide a performance analysis to achieve better sustainability performance of supply chain. A real case study concerning a typical value chain is presented.

Dedico este trabalho à minha família, pelo apoio e compreensão; especialmente ao meu pai Livaldo, que me incentivou para a concretização desta importante etapa em minha vida; ao meu noivo Rafael por me apoiar em todas as minhas escolhas e estar presente em minhas conquistas; e as estrelas no céu que me iluminam. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor e orientador Dr. Marcelo Becker, pelo incentivo e orientação. À M.Sc. Kelen Cristiane Teixeira Vivaldini, pela atenção, dedicação e pronto atendimento a todas as dúvidas. Ao professor Walther Azzolini Junior pela partilha de conhecimentos. , entre outros, que foram de grande importância para que eu cumprisse esta etapa . À secretária do Laboratório de Dinâmica Cristina Márcia M. Pessa e às funcionárias da Pós-graduação Ana Paula Bueno Bardelotti e Iara Alice de Oliveira, pelo auxílio e atenção. Às amigas, Patricia Vilarta e Kelen Cristiane Teixeira Vivaldini sempre prontas a escutarme. À todos os funcionários e técnicos do Laboratório de Dinâmica e do Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, que de alguma maneira contribuíram para a realização deste projeto. Às bibliotecárias Elena L. Palloni Gonçalves e Juliana Vidal de Sá e à Angela Cristina Pregnolato Giampedro pelas considerações feitas nesta dissertação. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -CNPq pela bolsa concedida. "Para realizar grandes conquistas, devemos não apenas agir, mas também sonhar; não apenas planejar, mas também acreditar." Anatole France "Ouça os conselhos e esteja pronto para aprender, e assim um dia você será sábio." Provérbios 19;20 RESUMO TINELLI, L. M. (2013). Otimização do Posicionamento de Produtos Acabados em Armazéns Inteligentes. 138p. Dissertação (Mestrado) -Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2013.

Developing a Risk Assessment Index For Hazardous Material Transportation

Rising production and transportation of hazardous materials both in Turkey and in the world day by day comes into question because of danger for human life and environment. Therefore, to ensure safe transport reducing risks in hazardous materials transportation (HAZMAT) has a great importance. For this purpose, in the first phase of the study experts' opinions who work in the firms getting active in HAZMAT is taken to determine factors to be considered for risk assessment in HAZMAT. In the second phase the determined factors are categorized and put forward the hierarchical structure of them. In the third stage, the factors are weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to experts' opinions. In conclusion, in this study a risk assessment index for HAZMAT is developed.

The construction industry is plagued by occupational risky situations and poor working conditions. Occupational risk assessment (ORA) on workplace sites is the first and key step to achieve adequate safety levels, particularly to support decision-making in safety programs. Most construction safety efforts are applied informally under the premise that simply allocating more resources to safety management will improve safety on site. Moreover, there are many traditional methods to address ORA, but few have been adapted and validated for use in the construction industry, particularly in the design stage, for which traditional approaches do not give adequate answers. This paper presents a state-of-the-art on ORA traditional methods, for the construction industry, discussing their limitations and pointing advantages of using fuzzy sets approaches to deal with ill-defined situations.

This article explores the driving factors of urban growth in Kathmandu Valley using analytic hierarchy process. The dynamic pattern of urban growth in the valley has been greatly influenced by seven driving factors: physical conditions, public service accessibility, economic opportunities, land market, population growth, political situation, and plans and policies. These factors have played important yet different roles in the city core, fringe, and rural areas. Among these factors, economic opportunities in the core, population growth in the fringe, and the political situation in the rural areas are identified as the highest impact factors of urban growth. Due to the lesser land availability in the city core, the land market factor had a smaller role in the core compared to the fringe and rural areas. The plans and policies factor is evaluated as minimally effective in all thematic areas. The physical condition factor had a low impact in the city core and fringe areas, but played a larger role than the economic opportunities, public service accessibility, and plans and policies in the rural areas. Due to spatial disparities in the public service establishments in the valley, the public services accessibility factor had a low impact in the rural area. A representative model of driving factors is presented to explain the overall relationship between the factors in the urban growth process of the metropolitan region.

In a practical power system, automating all the substations is neither affordable nor economically justifiable. On the other hand, the trend for electric power subsidies elimination in some regions, such as Iran, aggravates this situation. To enhance the cost effectiveness of distribution automation system, this paper proposes a novel applicable qualitative-quantitative method using analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to find the optimum placement of remote terminal units (RTU). Entire attempt is to contribute all the crucial technical and practical parameters related to this problem in order to find the most reliable solution. Optimum number of RTUs is determined using the concepts of reliability cost/worth taking into account the total cost of customer interruption and investment cost of RTUs. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated on a real distribution feeder of Iran's power grid.

This paper presents the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a potential decision making method for use in project management. The contractor prequali®cation problem is used as an example. A hierarchical structure is constructed for the prequali®cation criteria and the contractors wishing to prequalify for a project. By applying the AHP, the prequali®cation criteria can be prioritized and a descending-order list of contractors can be made in order to select the best contractors to perform the project. A sensitivity analysis can be performed to check the sensitivity of the ®nal decisions to minor changes in judgements. The paper presents group decision-making using the AHP. The AHP implementation steps will be simpli®ed by using the`Expert Choice' professional software that is available commercially and designed for implementing AHP. It is hoped that this will encourage the application of the AHP by project management professionals. #

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a product that enables organizations achieving their competitive advantage. However, the failures of ERP implementation are still considered quite high. This research was conducted to formulate the framework of self-assessment of open source ERP implementation readiness, which focused on the ERP pre-implementation aspects. The proposed ERP implementation readiness assessment framework was developed using the Fuzzy-based ANP (Fuzzy ANP), where the examined readiness factors are grouped into three categories, namely project management, organizational, and change management readiness. In order to see the application of the framework, we conducted a case study on an SME engaged in software development. We did focus group discussion with Chief Technology Officer, Chief Strategy Officer and Project Manager. The results showed that the company is not ready to implement open source ERP. Although the company is strong in the human resources aspect, they are still weak in other aspects so that they need some strategies to improve their level of readiness before implementing open source ERP.

The paper presents a metaheuristic model, which is developed to determine the location of gas stations in the state of Kuwait. The variables of this study cover requirements to high demand areas such as commercial areas, businesses as well as safety and environmental factors translated into minimum distances to sensitive entities and receptors. The developed methodology combines GIS with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to weigh and overlay layers of interest on the base map of urban and suburban areas in Kuwait. The output on this process is a suitability map that contains feasible locations for future gas stations sites. Feasible locations are then fed into an optimisation routine to obtain the optimal sites. The methodology includes international and national standards and regulation including minimum allowable distance to existing gas stations, natural gas distributors, fire stations, educational institutions, governmental agencies and ministries, airport, residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, road network and others. 199 feasible locations were obtained in the State of Kuwait that abide with all regulation while satisfying demand of businesses and residents. The optimum was obtained from these feasible solutions by using an optimisation routine. . (xxxx) 'A metaheuristic approach for location of gas stations in a metropolitan area', Int.

This paper presents the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a potential decision making method for use in project management. The contractor prequali®cation problem is used as an example. A hierarchical structure is constructed for the prequali®cation criteria and the contractors wishing to prequalify for a project. By applying the AHP, the prequali®cation criteria can be prioritized and a descending-order list of contractors can be made in order to select the best contractors to perform the project. A sensitivity analysis can be performed to check the sensitivity of the ®nal decisions to minor changes in judgements. The paper presents group decision-making using the AHP. The AHP implementation steps will be simpli®ed by using the`Expert Choice' professional software that is available commercially and designed for implementing AHP. It is hoped that this will encourage the application of the AHP by project management professionals.

HARD COPY: https://bit.ly/2EXrvXJ
ONLINE (open acess; free download): https://goo.gl/JycnYT
AHP 51 (open acess; free download): https://tibetanplateau.wikischolars.columbia.edu/VOLUME%2051

CONTENTS
Articles
9-32 Constructing Sacred Space: Establishing Ritual Space for the Initiation or Promotion of a Shaman
Peter Knecht
33-65 The Five-Color Theme in Dongba Scriptures
Xu Duoduo
66-78 A Brief Socio-Linguistic Survey of Zhouqu Tibetan
Abe Powell and Peter Gokey
79-147 Tibetan Daily Life on the Gcan tsha thang Grassland
Sangs rgyas bkra shis with CK Stuart
Perspectives
149-156 Two Dogs and Two Yaks
Pad+ma rig 'dzin
157-162 My Black Horse and a Sacred Mdzo
Phun tshogs dbang rgyal
Profiles
164-187 Restaurateur: Klu rgyal
188-206 Flower of the Fourth Moon:
My Mongghul Mother - Saihua
Limusishiden
207-219 A Ya rdzi Herding Woman's Early Life
Blo bzang
220-234 Tibetan Women's Daily Life: Fire, Fuel, Water Collection, Cooking, and Childcare
Rdo rje don 'grub
Book Reviews
236-246 Review: Home at the Source of Three Rivers
Reviewed by Nyangchakja
247-268 Review: Yaozu's Collected Poems and Essays
Reviewed by Limusishiden
269-287 Review: Degeneration
Reviewed by Kelsang Norbu
288-297 Review: Dog, Master, and Relatives
Reviewed by Caihua Dorji
298-312 Review: Purple Highland Barley
Reviewed by Pad+ma rig 'dzin
313-318 Review: Tribal Stories Remembered
Reviewed by Lhamodrolma
319-332 Review: The Oath of Bulongde
Reviewed by 'Brug mo skyid
333-340 Review: Love in Lhasa
Reviewed by Wu Jing
341-345 Review: Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature: The Inescapable Nation
Reviewed by Séagh Kehoe
346-350 Review: A Step Away from Paradise
Reviewed by Konchok Gelek
351-359 Review: Tibetan Environmentalists in China
Reviewed by Bill Bleisch
360-363 Review: Transcultural Encounters in the Himalayan Borderlands - Kalimpong as a "Contact Zone"
Reviewed by Enrico Beltramini
364-370 Review: Mindscaping the Landscape of Tibet
Reviewed by Dorje Tashi
371-384 Review: Jesuit On the Roof of the World; Father Ippolito Desideris; & A Jesuit's Quest For
The Soul of Tibet
Reviewed by Enrico Beltramini
385-397 Review: A Grammar of Guìqióng
Reviewed by Jesse P. Gates
398-403 Review: The Early History of Mongolia
Reviewed by Mátyás Balogh
404-411
Review: In the Circle of White Stones
Reviewed by Konchok Gelek
Dissertation
Notice
413-418 A Grammar of Wutun
Reviewed by Benjamin Brosig
Film Reviews
420-421 Review: Tashi's Turbine
Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill
422-423 Review: Made in Bhutan
Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill
 
Film Reviews
420-421 Review: Tashi's Turbine
Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill
422-423 Review: Made in Bhutan
Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill



Constructing Sacred Space: Establishing Ritual Space for the Initiation or Promotion of a ShamanPeter Knecht
The Five-Color Theme in Dongba Scriptures Xu Duoduo
A Brief Socio-Linguistic Survey of Zhouqu Tibetan Abe Powell and Peter Gokey
Tibetan Daily Life on the Gcan tsha thang Grassland Sangs rgyas bkra shis with CK Stuart
Two Dogs and Two Yaks Pad+ma rig 'dzin
My Black Horse and a Sacred Mdzo Phun tshogs dbang rgyal
Restaurateur Klu rgyal
Flower of the Fourth Moon: My Mongghul Mother - Saihua Limusishiden
A Ya rdzi Herding Woman's Early Life Blo bzang
Tibetan Women's Daily Life: Fire, Fuel, Water Collection, Cooking, and Childcare Rdo rje don 'grub
Review: Home at the Source of Three Rivers Reviewed by Nyangchakja
Review: Yaozu's Collected Poems and Essays Reviewed by Limusishiden
Review: Degeneration Reviewed by Kelsang Norbu
Review: Dog, Master, and Relatives Reviewed by Caihua Dorji
Review: Purple Highland Barley Reviewed by Pad+ma rig 'dzin
Review: Tribal Stories Remembered Reviewed by Lhamodrolma
Review: The Oath of Bulongde Reviewed by 'Brug mo skyid
Review: Love in Lhasa Reviewed by Wu Jing
Review: Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature: The Inescapable NationReviewed by Séagh Kehoe
Review: A Step Away from Paradise Reviewed by Konchok Gelek
Review: Tibetan Environmentalists in China Reviewed by Bill Bleisch
Review: Transcultural Encounters in the Himalayan Borderlands - Kalimpong as a Contact ZoneReviewed by Enrico Beltramini
Review: Mindscaping the Landscape of Tibet Reviewed by Dorje Tashi
Review: Jesuit On the Roof of the World; Father Ippolito Desideris; & A Jesuit's Quest For The Soul of Tibet Reviewed by Enrico Beltramini
Review: A Grammar of Guìqióng Reviewed by Jesse P. Gates
Review: The Early History of Mongolia Reviewed by Mátyás Balogh
Review: In the Circle of White Stones Reviewed by Konchok Gelek
A Grammar of Wutun Reviewed by Benjamin Brosig
Review: Tashi's Turbine Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill
Review: Made in Bhutan Reviewed by Alexander R O'Neill

Intisari-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas satuan kerja pelaksana pilot project pada implementasi sistem e-Audit melalui pendekatan multi kriteria sebagai bahan pertimbangan. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) digunakan decision maker dalam mengambil keputusan terstruktur, sehingga diharapkan memperoleh hasil yang optimal dari adanya implementasi sistem tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini diperlukan suatu alat analisis yang disebut Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Dalam metode AHP, hal yang paling pokok dilakukan adalah dekomposisi masalah. Dekomposisi masalah dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima level, yaitu level satu (tujuan utama), level dua (kriteria), level tiga (sub kriteria), dan level empat (alternatif satuan kerja). Kriteria yang digunakan adalah usulan para ahli, yaitu menggunakan framework STOPE (Strategy, Technology, Organization, People, Environment) yang telah dimodifikasi. Untuk pengolahan data digunakan perangkat lunak Expert Choice 11 untuk mensimulasikan permasalahan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perwakilan Jawa Barat merupakan prioritas terbaik yang dipilih oleh responden ahli dengan bobot prioritas global sebesar 0,352, sedangkan Perwakilan Sulawesi Selatan menempati urutan kedua dengan nilai 0,248.

The purpose of this paper is to present an application of the AHP technique to a mining method selection problem faced by a Colombian mining company; in this case we use five decision makers. Next, a final aggregation of criteria priorities by AHP and ENTROPY is proposed for include subjective and objective weighting. Next, VIKOR method is performed to present a compromise solution; VIKOR is used to solve the problem without decision makers dependence; the weights for VIKOR are aggregated using an a priori j subjective weighting obtained from AHP method. Whereas entropy weighting provides a dynamic and objective assessment of all criteria, AHP weighting determine all decision makers preferences. Finally, an analysis of the results is carried out to derive conclusions in relation to the effects of the modeling processes of both techniques

Industrial site selection is a complex problem which requires multi-criteria decision analysis involving economic, environmental and social parameters. Multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques can be used under such conditions to identify and rank options for subsequent detailed evaluation, or to distinguish acceptable from unacceptable possibilities. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can beneficially be used for assigning weights to different criteria in MCDA. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a GIS based methodology for industrial site selection. Among twelve criteria considered, proximity from settlement area and highway appear most dominating for the purpose. Application of the methodology for industrial site identification around Varanasi city (India) has been demonstrated.