WO2021157369A1 - ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子、及びポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体 - Google Patents
ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子、及びポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021157369A1 WO2021157369A1 PCT/JP2021/001991 JP2021001991W WO2021157369A1 WO 2021157369 A1 WO2021157369 A1 WO 2021157369A1 JP 2021001991 W JP2021001991 W JP 2021001991W WO 2021157369 A1 WO2021157369 A1 WO 2021157369A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- polypropylene
- foamed
- based resin
- foamed particles
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- C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/24—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by surface fusion and bonding of particles to form voids, e.g. sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/14—Copolymers of propene
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2423/12—Polypropene
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2423/14—Copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polypropylene-based resin foamed particles having through holes, and a polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having communicated voids obtained by molding the foamed particles in a mold.
- a polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having communicated voids (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a foamed particle molded product having voids or a foamed particle molded product) has excellent water permeability, breathability, sound absorption, and cushioning property. Due to its excellent properties, it is used for drainage materials, wall materials in buildings, automobile interior materials, etc. Further, in recent years, an effervescent particle molded product having voids has been used as a seat member of an automobile because of its excellent adhesiveness to polyurethane foam. Examples of the foam molded product used as a seat member of an automobile include those disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- foamed particle molded products having voids have been required to have higher rigidity while maintaining the porosity.
- a method for obtaining a foamed particle molded product having excellent rigidity it is conceivable to use a polypropylene-based resin having a high melting point, but since high vapor pressure is required for in-mold molding of polypropylene-based resin foamed particles having a high melting point. There is a problem that in-mold molding with low pressure vapor pressure is difficult.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the core layer is melted in the propylene-based resin foamed particles having a cylindrical core layer in a foamed state and a coating layer covering the foamed core layer.
- a resin obtained by mixing a propylene-based resin having a low melting point and a propylene-based resin having a high melting point in a specific ratio By forming a resin obtained by mixing a propylene-based resin having a low melting point and a propylene-based resin having a high melting point in a specific ratio, and forming the coating layer with an olefin-based resin having a melting point lower than that of the core layer, void foaming having excellent rigidity is formed. Foamed particles capable of in-mold molding of a particle-molded product at low pressure are described.
- the foamed particles disclosed in Patent Document 2 have a limited range of vapor pressure that can mold a foamed particle molded product having a high porosity in the mold.
- the porosity of the obtained foamed particle molded product may decrease when the vapor pressure during in-mold molding is high.
- the present invention can mold a foamed particle molded product having voids having excellent rigidity, can be molded in a mold with a low vapor pressure, and in the past, the void ratio may decrease.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having excellent rigidity and high porosity, which is formed by molding the foamed particles in a mold.
- the following foamed particles having through holes and foamed particle molded products having communicating voids are provided.
- Effervescent particles having through holes The foamed particles have a foamed core layer having the through holes formed inside and made of a polypropylene-based resin composition, and a coating layer that covers the foamed core layer and is made of a polyolefin-based resin.
- the polypropylene-based resin composition comprises a propylene-based resin PP1 having a melting point of 70 to 97% by weight exceeding 140 ° C. and 150 ° C. or lower, and a polypropylene-based resin PP2 having a melting point of 3 to 30% by weight of 145 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C.
- the difference between the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin PP2 and the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin PP1 [(melting point of PP2)-(melting point of PP1)] is 5 ° C. or higher and lower than 15 ° C.
- the foamed particles have a crystal structure that gives the first DSC curve when measured by heat flux differential scanning calorimetry, which heats the foamed particles from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the first DSC curve has a main endothermic peak peculiar to the polypropylene resin composition and a high temperature side endothermic peak located on the high temperature side of the main endothermic peak.
- Polypropylene resin foam particles having a heat quantity of 12 to 20 J / g at the high temperature side endothermic peak and a ratio of the calorific value of the main endothermic peak to the calorific value of the high temperature side endothermic peak being 3.5 or more.
- polypropylene-based resin PP2 has a melting point of 150 ° C. or higher and 155 ° C. or lower. ..
- MFR melt flow rate
- [5] The polypropylene-based resin foamed particles according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the foamed particles have a bulk density of 15 to 50 kg / m 3.
- It has an average outer diameter D (mm), an average hole diameter d (mm) of through holes, and an average wall thickness t (mm) defined as (Dd) / 2, where t is 0.8.
- a polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product composed of a large number of foamed particles according to any one of the above [1] to [6], which are fused to each other, and the foamed particle molded products communicate with each other.
- a polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having a void ratio of 20% or more as well as forming voids.
- polypropylene-based resin foamed particles capable of in-mold molding of a foamed particle molded product having excellent rigidity and a high porosity in a wider pressure range than before are provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of foamed particles of the present invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of the foam core layer of this invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows another example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows a further example of a foam core layer.
- polypropylene-based resin foamed particles having through holes of the present invention and the polypropylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having communicating voids (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a foamed particle molded product or a molded product) will be described in detail.
- a to B representing a numerical range is synonymous with "A or more and B or less”, and represents a numerical range including A and B which are end points of the numerical range.
- the singular form (a, an, the) includes the plural form unless the context clearly indicates that this is not the case.
- an expanded bead is assumed to include two or more expanded beads.
- the polypropylene-based resin foamed particles having through holes of the present invention are multilayer foamed particles having a foamed core layer and a coating layer covering the foamed core layer.
- An intermediate layer may be provided between the foam core layer and the coating layer, but it is preferable not to provide the intermediate layer for the foamed particles because it is desired to reduce the thickness of the coating layer for the reason described later. ..
- the foamed particles are preferably non-crosslinked because they are excellent in recyclability, productivity and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of polypropylene-based resin foam particles having a tubular foam core layer and a coating layer covering the foam core layer.
- the foamed particles represented by reference numeral 2 are generally tubular foams and have through holes 4.
- the foamed particles 2 include a foamed core layer 3 that forms the through holes 4 inside, and a coating layer 5 that covers the foamed core layer 3.
- the coating layer 5 may or may not be foamed. However, in order to achieve the purpose of increasing the rigidity of the foamed particle molded product, it is preferable that the coating layer 5 is not foamed.
- “non-foaming” means not only when there are no bubbles in the coating layer (including the case where the bubbles once formed are melt-broken and the bubbles disappear), but also a small number of very small bubbles. It also includes the case where it is present in and is not substantially foamed. Further, covering the foam core layer 3 does not mean that the entire foam core layer 3 is covered, and there may be a portion where the foam core layer 3 is exposed.
- the entire peripheral surface of the tubular foam core layer 3 on the side surface side is covered. All or most of both end faces of the foam core layer 3 forming the opening of the through hole 4 are not covered with the coating layer 5.
- the foam core layer is composed of a polypropylene-based resin composition (a) (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a resin composition (a)).
- the polypropylene-based resin refers to a resin having a constituent unit derived from propylene as a main constituent unit.
- the main structural unit means that the content ratio of the propylene component unit in the polymer exceeds 50% by weight, preferably 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the polypropylene-based resin may be a propylene homopolymer or a propylene-based copolymer containing a structural unit derived from propylene and another structural unit.
- the propylene-based copolymer include a copolymer of propylene and ethylene or / and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Copolymers with one or more comonones selected from 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like are exemplified.
- the propylene-based copolymer may be a binary copolymer such as a propylene-ethylene random copolymer or a propylene-1-butene random copolymer, but may be a propylene-ethylene-butene random copolymer or the like. It may be a ternary copolymer.
- the foamed particles containing these random copolymers as a main component are excellent in secondary foaming property at the time of in-mold molding and also excellent in mechanical properties.
- the total content of the comonomer components such as ethylene and / and ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the propylene-based copolymer is preferably 25% by weight or less, and more preferably 10% by weight or less. ..
- the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) constituting the foam core layer of the present invention may be a polypropylene-based resin PP1 (hereinafter, simply referred to as resin PP1 or PP1) that satisfies the following requirements (i) and (ii). ) And polypropylene-based resin PP2 (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as resin PP2 or PP2) as main components.
- the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) has a propylene-based resin PP1 having a melting point MP1 of 70% by weight to 97% by weight of more than 140 ° C. and 150 ° C. or less, and a melting point MP2 of 3% by weight to 30% by weight.
- the inclusion of the resin PP1 and the resin PP2 as main components means that the total amount of PP1 and PP2 in the resin composition (a) exceeds 50% by weight.
- the total amount of the resins PP1 and PP2 in the resin composition (a) is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the following polypropylene-based resins are preferable as the resins PP1 and PP2.
- the resin PP1 is preferably a propylene-based random copolymer, and more preferably a propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
- the total content of the comonomer components in the resin PP1 is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 1.0% by weight or more, and further preferably 1.0% by weight or more, considering the melting point and foamability of the resin PP1. It is particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more.
- the total content of the comonomer components in the resin PP1 is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 8.0% by weight or less, still more preferably 5.0% by weight. The following is particularly preferable.
- the resin PP2 is preferably a propylene-based random copolymer because it has excellent compatibility with the resin PP1 and can be expected to improve the mechanical properties and secondary foamability of the obtained foamed particles. Among them, propylene and ethylene are preferable. Or / and a random copolymer with 1-butene is preferred.
- the total content of the comonomer components in the resin PP2 is preferably 0.3% by weight or more, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more, in consideration of the melting point of the resin PP2, mechanical properties, and the like. More preferably, it is 0.8% by weight or more.
- the total content of the comonomer components in the resin PP2 is preferably 5.0% by weight or less, more preferably 3.0% by weight or less, still more preferably 1.0. It is particularly preferable that the weight is% or less. Further, in order to more reliably achieve the objective effect of the present invention of being able to mold a molded product having excellent rigidity and a high porosity in a wide pressure range, the total content of comonomer components in the resin PP2 Is preferably lower than the total content of the comonomer components in the resin PP1.
- the resin PP1 and the resin PP2 used in the present invention are preferably polypropylene-based resins obtained by polymerization in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta-based polymerization catalyst.
- Polypropylene resins produced using a Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalyst tend to have a wider molecular weight distribution than polypropylene resins produced using a metallocene catalyst. Therefore, the foamed particles made of polypropylene resin polymerized using the Ziegler-Natta catalyst are superior in secondary foamability to the foamed particles made of polypropylene resin polymerized using the metallocene polymerization catalyst, and from low pressure. It tends to be superior to secondary foaming under a wide range of vapor pressures up to high pressure.
- the Ziegler-Natta-based polymerization catalyst is an organometallic complex containing titanium, aluminum, magnesium or the like as a nuclear element and partially or wholly modified with an alkyl group.
- the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) may contain other resins, polymers such as rubber and elastomer, additives and the like.
- Other resin components include, for example, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, linear ultra low density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-.
- ethylene resins such as methacrylic acid copolymers, styrene resins such as polystyrene and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, and polyamide resins.
- Examples of rubber / elastomer include ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-1-butene rubber, propylene-1-butene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, isoprene rubber, neoprene rubber, nitrile rubber and other rubbers, and styrene-butadiene-styrene block.
- examples thereof include thermoplastic elastomers such as copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer hydrogenated products, and styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer hydrogenated products. ..
- the resin composition (a) contains the other polymer component
- the total amount thereof is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, preferably 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the entire resin composition (a). It is more preferably parts or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 5 parts by weight or less.
- the additive examples include a bubble modifier such as zinc borate, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a conductivity-imparting agent, a lubricant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a metal deactivator, a pigment, a dye, and a crystal nucleating agent.
- a bubble modifier such as zinc borate, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a conductivity-imparting agent, a lubricant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a metal deactivator, a pigment, a dye, and a crystal nucleating agent.
- various additives such as an inorganic filler can be mentioned, and these can be contained in the resin composition (a) as desired.
- the amount of the additive varies depending on the purpose of addition, but it is preferably 0.5 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of the resin PP1 and the resin PP2. More preferably, it is 3 to 15 parts by weight.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the resin PP1 is preferably 1 g / 10 min or more, more preferably 3 g / 10 min or more, and 6 g / 10 min or more, because it has an excellent balance of foamability, moldability, mechanical properties, and the like. It is more preferably 10 min, more preferably 30 g / 10 min or less, more preferably 20 g / 10 min or less, and even more preferably 15 g / 10 min or less.
- melt flow rate (MFR) of the resin PP2 is excellent in the effect of improving foamability and the effect of improving mechanical physical properties under a wide range of pressures, it is preferably 2 g / 10 min or more, and preferably 3 g / 10 min or more. More preferably, it is 5 g / 10 min or more, more preferably 18 g / 10 min or less, further preferably 15 g / 10 min or less, and further preferably 12 g / 10 min or less.
- the MFR of the polypropylene-based resins PP1, PP2 and the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) is a value measured under the test condition M (temperature 230 ° C., load 2.16 kg) of JIS K7210: 2014. ..
- the MFR of the polyethylene resin is a value measured under test condition D (temperature 190 ° C., load 2.16 kg) of JIS K7210: 2014.
- the foamed particles having through holes of the present invention have a specific crystal structure that satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- the foamed particles have a crystal structure that gives the first DSC curve when measured by heat flow differential scanning calorimetry, in which the foamed particle sample is heated from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the first DSC curve has a main endothermic peak peculiar to the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) and a high-temperature side endothermic peak located on a higher temperature side than the main endothermic peak.
- the calorific value (high temperature peak calorific value) ⁇ Hh of the endothermic peak on the high temperature side is 12 to 20 J / g
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh of the specific main peak heat quantity (natural peak heat quantity) ⁇ Hm to the calorific value ⁇ Hh of the endothermic peak on the high temperature side is 3.5 or more.
- the foamed particles of the present invention are required to have a crystal structure of the foamed particles in addition to the foamed core layer being composed of the resin composition (a) containing the polypropylene-based resin PP1 and the polypropylene-based resin PP2 as main components.
- the resin composition (a) containing the polypropylene-based resin PP1 and the polypropylene-based resin PP2 as main components By satisfying 1) and (2), it is possible to perform in-mold molding of a foamed particle molded product which is excellent in fusion property and secondary foamability and which is good even at a low vapor pressure. Further, in the conventional case, even in the case of in-mold molding with a high vapor pressure that may reduce the porosity, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the porosity. Further, the obtained foamed particle molded product has excellent rigidity. The meanings of requirements (1) and (2) and their effects will be described in detail later.
- the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) constituting the foam core layer of the present invention contains (i) a low melting point resin PP1 having a melting point MP1 of more than 140 ° C. and 150 ° C. or lower as a main component, and having a melting point MP2 of 145 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. It is a mixed resin containing PP2, a resin having a high melting point of ° C. or lower, as a sub-component. Further, (ii) the difference (MP2)-(MP1) between the melting point MP2 of the resin PP2 and the melting point MP1 of the resin PP1 is 5 ° C. or higher and lower than 15 ° C.
- the resin composition (a) constituting the foamed particles of the present invention contains the resin PP2 having a high melting point as a sub-component, the obtained foamed particle molded product has high rigidity as required for, for example, an automobile seat member. Will be provided.
- the foamed particles of the present invention can be molded in a mold at a low vapor pressure.
- the foamed particles contain resin PP2 having a melting point higher than that of resin PP1 as an auxiliary component, the vapor pressure is about the same as or the vapor pressure required for in-mold molding of the resin PP1 alone. It has the effect of being able to mold in-mold with a lower vapor pressure. The reason for this can be considered as follows.
- the foamed particles of the present invention are composed of a mixed resin in which the foamed core layer is a mixture of a resin PP1 having a low melting point and a resin PP2 having a melting point higher than that of the resin PP1 at a specific ratio, and is the first of the foamed particles.
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh of the intrinsic peak heat quantity ⁇ Hm to the high temperature peak heat quantity ⁇ Hh tends to be large. That is, since the foamed particles of the present invention have many low-potential crystals showing peaks on the low temperature side, the low-potential crystals can contribute to foaming even in in-mold molding at a low vapor pressure. As a result, it is considered that the foamed particles exhibit improved secondary foamability.
- the foamed particles of the present invention are a mixture of a low melting point resin PP1 having a melting point within the above range and a high melting point resin PP2, for example, it becomes easy to set the foaming temperature high, and the main endothermic peak. It is considered that foamed particles having a crystal structure having a large calorific value ratio can be easily obtained. The setting of the crystal structure and the foaming temperature to be high will be described later.
- the foamed particles of the present invention even in the case of in-mold molding with a high vapor pressure, it is suppressed that the void ratio of the obtained foamed particle molded product is lowered, and as a result, a molded product having a high void ratio is molded.
- the effect that the range of possible vapor pressure is widened to the high vapor pressure side can be obtained.
- the reason why the foamed particles suppress the decrease in the porosity of the foamed particle molded product in high-pressure molding is considered as follows. In general, it is known that the porosity of a multilayer foamed particle molded product decreases as the molding pressure increases. This is due to the following reasons.
- the coating layer melts and heat-seals before the secondary foaming of the core layer is completed (while maintaining the pore size of the through holes sufficiently), resulting in porosity.
- a high-quality molded product can be easily obtained.
- the secondary foaming of the core layer proceeds and the through holes are crushed and fused, so that the porosity tends to decrease.
- the foamed particles of the present invention are composed of a mixed resin in which the foamed core layer is a mixture of resin PP1 and resin PP2 having a melting point in a specific range at a specific ratio, and resin PP2 having a high melting point is used as a subcomponent and is mainly used.
- resin PP1 on the low melting point side which is a component
- a polypropylene-based resin having a high melting point of more than 140 ° C. and 150 ° C. or lower is used, the melting point of the entire core layer can be adjusted to be higher. Therefore, the appropriate forming vapor pressure range (range of the forming vapor pressure for secondary foaming) of the core layer can be expanded to the higher pressure side.
- a molded product having a high porosity can be molded in a mold in a wide range of vapor pressures from low vapor pressure to high vapor pressure.
- the melting point MP1 of the polypropylene resin PP1 exceeds 140 ° C and is 150 ° C or less. If the melting point MP1 is more than 150 ° C., the vapor pressure required for in-mold molding of the foamed particles may increase. For this reason, the melting point MP1 is preferably 148 ° C. or lower, more preferably 146 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 145 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 144 ° C. or lower. Further, when the melting point MP1 is 140 ° C. or lower, the porosity of the molded product may decrease when the vapor pressure during in-mold molding is increased. For this reason, the melting point MP1 is preferably 141 ° C. or higher, more preferably 142 ° C. or higher.
- the melting point MP2 of the polypropylene resin PP2 is 145 ° C or higher and 160 ° C or lower. If the melting point MP2 exceeds 160 ° C., it becomes difficult to adjust the high-temperature peak calorific value of the foamed particles within the range of the requirement (1), and the moldability of the foamed particles and the rigidity of the obtained molded product may decrease. ..
- the melting point MP2 is preferably 158 ° C. or lower, more preferably 156 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 155 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 153 ° C. or lower. Further, if the melting point MP2 is less than 145 ° C., the rigidity of the obtained molded product may decrease.
- the melting point MP2 is preferably 146 ° C. or higher, more preferably 148 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 151 ° C. or higher.
- the difference (MP2-MP1) between the melting point MP2 of the resin PP2 and the melting point MP1 of the resin PP1 is 5 ° C. or higher and lower than 15 ° C. If the melting point difference is too small, the range of vapor pressure that can form a molded product having a high porosity may be narrowed. For this reason, the melting point difference (MP2-MP1) is preferably 6 ° C. or higher, more preferably 8 ° C. or higher. Further, if the melting point difference is too large, it is difficult to control the foamability, and there is a possibility that the objective effect of the present application cannot be achieved. For this reason, the melting point difference (MP2-MP1) is preferably 13 ° C. or lower, more preferably 12 ° C. or lower.
- Melting points MP1 and MP2 can be measured in accordance with JIS K7121: 2012. Specifically, using a resin piece as a sample, the temperature is raised from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, then lowered to 30 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min, and then again at 10 ° C./min.
- the DSC curve is obtained by raising the temperature from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at the heating rate of. Then, the temperature at the apex of the melting peak in the obtained DSC curve is taken as the melting point. When two or more melting peaks appear, the temperature of the apex of the melting peak having the largest area is taken as the melting point.
- the content of the resin PP1 in the resin composition (a) is 70% by weight to 97% by weight, and the content of the resin PP2 is 3% by weight to 30% by weight [however, the resin PP1 and the resin The total amount with PP2 is 100% by weight].
- the contents of the resin PP1 and the resin PP2 are within this range, a foamed particle molded product having a high porosity and excellent rigidity can be obtained by in-mold molding in a wide vapor pressure range. If the content of the resin PP2 is too small, the desired effect of improving the rigidity may not be obtained.
- the lower limit of the content of the resin PP1 is preferably 75% by weight, more preferably 80% by weight, still more preferably 85% by weight.
- the upper limit thereof is preferably 95% by weight, more preferably 93% by weight, and even more preferably 90% by weight.
- the lower limit of the content of the resin PP2 is preferably 5% by weight, more preferably 7% by weight, and further preferably 10% by weight.
- the upper limit thereof is preferably 25% by weight, more preferably 20% by weight, and even more preferably 15% by weight.
- the first DSC curve of the foamed particles obtained under the specific DSC measurement conditions includes a main endothermic peak peculiar to the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) and a high temperature side located on a higher temperature side than the main endothermic peak. It has an endothermic peak and satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- the calorific value ⁇ Hh of the endothermic peak on the high temperature side is 12 to 20 J / g
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh of the calorific value ⁇ Hm of the inherent main endothermic peak to the calorific value ⁇ Hh of the endothermic peak on the high temperature side is 3.5 or more.
- the calorific value ⁇ Hh of the high temperature peak is within the above range, the foamed particles have excellent moldability. In addition, the rigidity of the obtained foamed particle molded product is improved. For this reason, the calorific value ⁇ Hh is preferably 13 to 18 J / g.
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh is 3.5 or more, the number of crystals showing a peak on the low temperature side (low potential crystals) increases, and the secondary foamability at the time of in-mold molding at a particularly low vapor pressure is improved.
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh is preferably 3.6 or more, more preferably 3.7 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh is approximately 4.2.
- the ratio ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh can be controlled by adjusting the foaming temperature at the time of producing the foamed particles, the foaming agent impregnation pressure, the temperature condition of the crystallization step, the holding time, and the like.
- the low melting point resin PP1 and the high melting point resin PP2 having a melting point within the range defined in (i) above are mixed, it becomes easy to set the foaming temperature high, for example. Effervescent particles having a crystal structure having a large ratio of ⁇ Hm / ⁇ Hh can be easily obtained.
- the high-temperature peak calorific value ⁇ Hh and the intrinsic peak calorific value ⁇ Hm (low-temperature peak calorific value) of the foamed particles are measured as follows by a measurement method based on JIS K7122: 2012. 1 to 3 mg of foamed particles are collected, and the temperature is measured at 10 ° C./min from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. by a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry device. An example of the first DSC curve obtained by such measurement is shown in FIG.
- a main endothermic peak A (inherent peak A) on the low temperature side and a high temperature peak B appear on the high temperature side of the intrinsic peak A, and the calories of the intrinsic peak A and the high temperature peak B are the respective peaks. It corresponds to the area, and can be specifically obtained as follows.
- a straight line ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) is drawn connecting the point ⁇ on the DSC curve corresponding to 80 ° C. and the point ⁇ on the DSC curve corresponding to the melting end temperature T of the foamed particles.
- the melting end temperature T refers to the intersection of the DSC curve and the high temperature side baseline on the high temperature side of the high temperature peak B.
- a straight line parallel to the vertical axis of the graph is drawn from the point ⁇ on the DSC curve corresponding to the valley between the resin specific peak A and the high temperature peak B, and the point intersecting the straight line ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) is defined as ⁇ . do.
- the area of the high temperature peak B is the area of the curve of the high temperature peak B portion of the DSC curve and the portion surrounded by the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) and the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), which is the high temperature peak calorific value ⁇ Hh.
- the area of the intrinsic peak is the area of the portion surrounded by the curve of the resin intrinsic peak A portion of the DSC curve, the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), and the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), and this is the intrinsic peak calorific value ⁇ Hm. And.
- the high temperature peak is observed in the first DSC curve obtained by heating the sample of foamed particles from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at 10 ° C./min as described above, but the first DSC After the curve is obtained, it does not appear in the second DSC curve obtained by subsequently lowering the temperature from 200 ° C. to 30 ° C. at 10 ° C./min and then raising the temperature again to 200 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. Therefore, whether or not a high temperature peak exists in the first DSC curve can be easily determined by performing the second DSC measurement following the first DSC measurement and obtaining the second DSC curve. That is, the first DSC curve endothermic peak that appears in the first DSC curve but does not exist in the second DSC curve is recognized as a high temperature peak.
- the calorific value of melting of the polypropylene-based resin PP1 is preferably 30 to 100 J / g, more preferably 40 to 80 J / g, and further preferably 50 in order to further improve foamability, moldability, mechanical strength, and the like. It is ⁇ 75 J / g.
- the amount of heat of fusion of the resin PP2 is preferably higher than the amount of heat of fusion of the resin PP1. Since the amount of heat of fusion of the resin PP2 is higher than the amount of heat of fusion of the resin PP1, it is considered that the foamed particles can be molded in the mold at a lower vapor pressure. For this reason, the heat of fusion of the resin PP2 is preferably 40 to 120 J / g, more preferably 60 to 100 J / g, and even more preferably 75 to 90 J / g.
- the calorific value of melting of the resin PP1 and the resin PP2 is measured using a heat flux differential scanning calorimeter using a resin piece as a sample based on JIS K7122: 2012. When a plurality of melting peaks appear on the DSC curve, the total area of the plurality of melting peaks is taken as the heat of fusion.
- the flexural modulus of the resin PP1 is preferably 600 to 1200 MPa, more preferably 800 to 1000 MPa, because it has an excellent balance of foamability, moldability, mechanical properties, and the like.
- the flexural modulus of the resin PP2 is preferably 1000 to 1800 MPa, more preferably 1200 to 1500 MPa, because it is excellent in improving mechanical properties and the like.
- the flexural modulus of the resin PP1 and the resin PP2 can be measured according to JIS K7171: 2008.
- the coating layer is a layer that coats the core layer and is made of a polyolefin resin (b).
- the polyolefin-based resin (b) refers to a resin having a constituent unit derived from ⁇ -olefin such as ethylene, propylene and 1-butene as a main constituent unit.
- the main structural unit means a structural unit having a content of more than 50% by weight in the polymer, and preferably a structural unit having a content of more than 80% by weight.
- Examples of the polyolefin-based resin (b) include the following (b1), (b2), and (b3).
- Examples of ethylene or ⁇ -olefin homopolymers include ethylene homopolymers and propylene homopolymers.
- Examples thereof include copolymers of two or more kinds of monomer components selected from ethylene and ⁇ -olefin.
- the copolymer preferably contains at least one of an ethylene-derived structural unit and a propylene-derived structural unit.
- Examples of the ethylene copolymer include an ethylene-1-pentene copolymer, an ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, and an ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer.
- Examples of the propylene copolymer include a propylene-ethylene copolymer, a propylene-1-butene copolymer, and a propylene-ethylene-1-butene copolymer. These copolymers may be block copolymers, random copolymers, or graft copolymers.
- Examples thereof include a copolymer composed of ethylene and / and ⁇ -olefin and other monomer components such as styrene.
- the structural unit derived from ethylene and / and ⁇ -olefin is the structural unit derived from ethylene and / or the structural unit derived from propylene.
- ethylene-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methylmethacrylate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and the like can be mentioned.
- a polyethylene-based resin is preferable because it is excellent in the fusion property of the foamed particles.
- the polyethylene-based resin means the polymer or copolymer of the above (b1) to (b3) in which the structural unit derived from ethylene is the main structural unit.
- the copolymer of (b2) is preferable, and specifically, linear low-density polyethylene and linear ultra-low density polyethylene are more preferable.
- the polyolefin-based resin (b) may be crystalline or amorphous. Whether the resin (b) is crystalline or amorphous can be confirmed by the DSC curve obtained by performing heat flow differential scanning calorimetry using the resin (b) as a sample. In some cases, the heat absorption peak appears on the DSC curve, and in the case of amorphous, the heat absorption peak does not appear on the DSC curve.
- the resin (b) When the polyolefin-based resin (b) is a crystalline polyolefin-based resin, the resin (b) has a melting point (TmB) lower than the melting point (TmA) of the polypropylene-based resin composition (a) and has a melting point. It is preferable that the difference [TmA-Tmb] between (TmA) and the melting point (TmB) is more than 0 ° C. and 80 ° C. or lower. When this condition is satisfied, the foamed particles have excellent fusion properties. For this reason, the difference [TmA-Tmb] is more preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower, further preferably 7 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower. ..
- the resin (b) When the olefin resin (b) is an amorphous polyolefin resin, the resin (b) has a softening point (TsB) lower than the melting point (TmA) of the polypropylene resin composition (a). Moreover, it is preferable that the difference [TmA-TsB] between the melting point (TmA) and the softening point (TsB) is more than 0 ° C. and 100 ° C. or lower. When this condition is satisfied, the foamed particles have excellent fusion properties. For this reason, the difference [TmA-TsB] is more preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, further preferably 15 ° C. or higher and 75 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C.
- the resin (b) can be polymerized using various polymerization catalysts.
- the polymerization catalyst include Ziegler-Natta-based polymerization catalysts and metallocene-based polymerization catalysts. Among these polymerization catalysts, metallocene-based polymerization catalysts are preferable. When a metallocene-based polymerization catalyst is used, an olefin-based resin having a low melting point or a low softening point, which is more excellent in fusion property, can be obtained.
- the resin (b) constituting the coating layer of the foamed particles of the present invention can contain other polymer components that can be contained in the above-mentioned resin composition (a) within the range in which the effects of the present invention are achieved. ..
- the total content of the other polymer components in the coating layer is preferably about 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 15 parts by weight or less, and 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin (b). It is more preferably 5 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 5 parts by weight or less.
- the resin (b) can contain various additives.
- the additive include the same additives contained in the resin (a).
- the content of the additive varies depending on the purpose of addition, but is preferably about 25 parts by weight or less with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the resin (b), further 20 parts by weight or less, and further 15 parts by weight or less. In particular, 8 parts by weight or less is preferable.
- the resin (b) can contain an additive without inhibiting foamability.
- the weight ratio (% by weight) of the foam core layer to the coating layer is preferably 99.5: 0.5 to 75:25, more preferably 98: 2 to 80:20, and further preferably 96. : 4 to 90:10.
- the weight ratio between the foam core layer and the coating layer is within this range, the effect of improving the fusion property of the coating layer is further improved, and the rigidity of the obtained foamed particle molded product is further improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the coating layer is within this range, the fusion property at the time of in-mold molding is improved, and the rigidity of the obtained foamed particle molded product is further improved.
- the foamed particles 2 of the present invention have a foamed core layer 3 having through holes 4 and a coating layer 5 that covers the foamed core layer 3, and the overall shape thereof is usually tubular.
- the foam core layer 3 can be embodied in various aspects 3a to 3m, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (h) and FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d).
- the foam core layer 3 is a foam core layer 3a having a circular cross section, as shown in FIG. 2A. If necessary, a core layer 3b having a triangular cross section as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B a core layer 3c having a hexagonal cross section as shown in FIG. 2C, and a core layer 3c having a hexagonal cross section as shown in FIG. 2D.
- Core layer 3d having a bisected circular cross section, as shown in FIGS. 2 (e) and 2 (f), core layer 3e, 3f having a cross section in which a plurality of circles are combined, FIG. 2 (g).
- a core layer 3g having a circular cross section partially missing and as shown in FIG. 2 (h), a core layer 3h having a partially missing rectangular cross section can be adopted. Further, as shown in FIG.
- a core layer 3i having a cross section having a shape in which three limb-shaped portions e extend from a circular circumference, and as shown in FIG. 3B, a triangle and its structure.
- a core layer 3j having a cross section in which three limb-shaped portions e extend from each side, and as shown in FIG. 3C, six limb-shaped portions e extend from a circle and its circumference.
- a core layer 3k having a cross section of a shape, and a core layer 3 m having a cross section having a shape in which a total of six limb-shaped portions e extend from a triangle, its apex, and each side as shown in FIG. 3D are also applied. can do.
- the cross-sectional shape of the core layer 3 is not limited to the above-mentioned cross-sectional shape, and may be an irregular cross-sectional shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 4 of the foam core layer 3 is usually circular, but if necessary, 3 FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (h) and 3 (a) to 3 (d) show. As shown, it may have various shapes and may have an indeterminate shape.
- the average pore diameter d of the through holes of the foamed particles of the present invention is preferably 1 to 3 mm. When the average pore diameter d is within this range, it becomes easier to adjust the porosity of the foamed particle molded product to a desired range. For this reason, the average pore diameter d is more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 mm.
- the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles is preferably 1.5 to 7 mm. When the average outer diameter D is within this range, a foamed particle molded product having excellent filling property can be obtained. For this reason, the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles is more preferably 2 to 6 mm, further preferably 3 to 5 mm.
- the average pore diameter d of the through holes of the foamed particles is determined as follows. First, the foamed particles are cut at a position where the area of the cut surface is maximized, perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the through hole. A photograph of the cut surface of the obtained foamed particles was taken, the area of the through hole portion in the photograph (that is, the cross-sectional area of the through hole) was obtained, and the diameter of a virtual perfect circle having the same area as the area was calculated. The value is taken as the pore diameter of the through hole of the foamed particle. The measurement is performed on 50 foamed particles, and the arithmetic mean value thereof is the average pore size d of the foamed particles.
- the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles is determined as follows. First, the foamed particles are cut at a position where the area of the cut surface is maximized, perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the through hole. A photograph of the cut surface of the obtained foamed particles is taken, the area of the foamed particles in the photograph (that is, the cross-sectional area of the foamed particles including the cross-sectional area of the through hole) is obtained, and a virtual perfect circle having the same area as the area is obtained. Is calculated, and the value is used as the outer diameter of the foamed particles. The measurement was performed on 50 randomly selected foamed particles, and their arithmetic mean value is the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles.
- the average wall thickness t of the foamed particles of the present invention is preferably 0.8 to 2 mm.
- the average wall thickness t is within this range, since the wall thickness of the foamed particles is thick, the foamed particles are less likely to be crushed by an external force, and the foamed particles located on the surface of the molded product are less likely to be chipped.
- the average wall thickness t of the foamed particles 2 is more preferably 0.9 to 1.5 mm, and even more preferably 1.0 to 1.4 mm.
- the pore diameter of the through hole tends to be small, so that it tends to be difficult to obtain a molded product having a high porosity.
- the foamed particles of the present invention it is possible to obtain a molded product having a high porosity in a wide molding pressure range even if the foamed particles are thick.
- d and D are as defined above.
- the ratio t / d of the average wall thickness t to the average hole diameter d of the through holes is preferably 0.4 to 1, more preferably 0.6 to 0.9.
- the ratio t / d is within this range, the difference between the compression characteristics of the through hole of the foamed particles and the direction perpendicular to the through hole becomes small, and the compression characteristics are well-balanced as a whole. A foamed particle molded body having the same can be obtained.
- the average length L of the foamed particles is preferably 2 to 7 mm.
- the average length L of the foamed particles is calculated as follows. Fifty foamed particles are randomly selected and the maximum length of each foamed particle in the penetrating direction is measured with a caliper. The average length L is the arithmetic mean of the 50 measurements obtained. Further, the ratio L / D of the average length L to the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles 2 is excellent in filling property into the mold at the time of in-mold molding and excellent in fusion property between the foamed particles. It is preferably 5 to 2, and more preferably 1 to 1.5.
- the average pore diameter d, the average outer diameter D, and the average wall thickness t of the foamed particles can be obtained in the same manner as the measurement method for the foamed particles.
- the foamed particles forming the foamed particle molded body can be collected, a photograph of the vertical cross section with respect to the through hole thereof can be taken, and the measurement can be performed by image analysis software or the like.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles is preferably 15 to 50 kg / m 3 , and more preferably 20 to 40 kg / m 3 , because it is easy to achieve both light weight and rigidity of the molded product. ..
- the bulk density is measured as follows. Effervescent particles are randomly removed from the effervescent particle group and placed in a graduated cylinder having a volume of 1 L, and a large number of effervescent particles are accommodated up to a scale of 1 L so as to be in a naturally deposited state while removing static electricity. Next, the weight of the contained foamed particles is measured, the weight (g) of the foamed particles is divided by the contained volume (1 L), and the bulk density (kg / m 3 ) of the foamed particles is calculated by converting into units. The measurement is performed under an atmospheric pressure of 23 ° C. and 50% relative humidity.
- the average bubble diameter of the foamed particles of the present invention is preferably 50 ⁇ m to 900 ⁇ m because it is excellent in moldability, rigidity, dimensional stability and the like. For this reason, the average bubble diameter is more preferably 80 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- the average cell size of the foamed particles in the present specification is measured as follows.
- the cross section of the foamed particles bisected is magnified and photographed under a microscope so that the entire cross section fits.
- the value divided by the number of all bubbles intersecting with the minute is taken as the average cell diameter of one foamed particle.
- This operation is performed on 20 foamed particles randomly selected, and the value obtained by arithmetically averaging the average cell diameters of the 20 foamed particles is taken as the average cell diameter of the foamed particles.
- the foamed particles of the present invention can be produced by producing multilayer resin particles (or pellets) having a core layer having a tubular shape and a coating layer, and foaming the core layer of the obtained multilayer resin particles.
- multilayer resin particles or pellets
- foaming the core layer of the obtained multilayer resin particles by making the thickness of the coating layer of the multilayer resin particles smaller than the average cell diameter of the foamed particles described above, it is possible to suppress the foaming of the coating layer in the foaming step of the multilayer resin particles.
- the multilayer resin particles have a die having a base shape similar to the cross-sectional shape shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the present specification, as described in a known method, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-108441.
- Multilayer resin particles are manufactured as follows, for example.
- a core layer forming extruder and a coating layer forming extruder are used, and the outlets of both extruders are connected to a coextrusion die.
- a desired resin and an additive to be blended as required are melt-kneaded in the core layer forming extruder, and a desired resin and an additive used as necessary in the coating layer forming extruder are also used. Is melt-kneaded.
- Each melt-kneaded product has a desired cross-sectional shape as a resin having a multi-layer structure composed of a core layer and a coating layer covering the outer surface of the core layer by merging the melt-kneaded products in the co-extruded die attached to the tip of the extruder.
- Cylindrical multilayer resin particles are produced by co-extruding from a die having a base in a strand shape and cutting the resin particles with a pelletizer so that the weight of the resin particles becomes a predetermined weight.
- Examples of the shape of the multilayer resin particles used in the present invention include a tubular shape such as a cylindrical shape, an elliptical tubular shape, a square tubular shape, or a combined tubular shape.
- the foamed particles obtained by foaming the multilayer resin particles have a shape substantially corresponding to the shape of the resin particles before foaming.
- the average weight of each multilayer resin particle is preferably 0.05 mg to 10.0 mg, particularly preferably 0.1 mg to 5.0 mg. Further, the average weight of each foamed particle is set to the average weight of each foamed particle in order to improve the filling property into the mold and the fusion property between the foamed particles in the moldability. It is preferably 0.05 mg to 10.0 mg, particularly 0.1 mg to 5.0 mg. The average weight of the foamed particles can be adjusted by adjusting the average weight of the multilayer resin particles for obtaining the foamed particles to the average weight of the foamed particles for the purpose. can.
- the weight ratio of the core layer to the coating layer is preferably 99.5: 0.5 to 75:25, more preferably 98: 2 to 80. : 20, more preferably 96: 4 to 90:10.
- the weight ratio of the coating layer of the multilayer resin particles is within the above range, the fusion property of the obtained foamed particles during in-mold molding is ensured, and the mechanical properties of the obtained foamed particle molded product are also good. ..
- the thickness of the coating layer of the multilayer resin particles of the present invention it is possible to prevent bubbles from being generated in the coating layer when the multilayer resin particles are foamed, and the mechanical properties of the finally obtained foamed particle molded body are improved. It is preferable that the thickness is thin, but on the other hand, it is preferable to set the lower limit in consideration of the effect of improving the fusion property of the obtained foamed particles.
- the thickness of the coating layer of the multilayer resin particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and further preferably 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the coating layer of the multilayer resin particles is measured as follows.
- the multilayer resin particles are bisected so that a cross section surrounded by the entire circumference appears in the coating layer, and the measurement is performed by magnifying and taking a photograph using a microscope so that the entire cross section fits. Specifically, a straight line is drawn on the photograph so that the cross section is roughly bisected, and a straight line orthogonal to the straight line and passing through the center of the resin particles is drawn, and these straight lines pass through the coating layer at four locations.
- the lengths of the respective portions are obtained, and their arithmetic mean is taken as the thickness of the coating layer of one multilayer resin particle.
- the multilayer resin particles in which a colorant is added to the resin constituting the coating layer in advance can be used.
- the multilayer resin particles composed of the core layer and the coating layer are dispersed in an aqueous medium (usually water) in a pressurable airtight container (for example, an autoclave), and a dispersant is added. Then, a required amount of foaming agent is press-fitted, and the mixture is stirred under high temperature and high pressure to impregnate the multilayer resin particles with the foaming agent to form foamable multilayer resin particles. Is produced by releasing the resin into a pressure range lower than the pressure inside the container (usually under atmospheric pressure) and foaming (this method is hereinafter referred to as a dispersion medium release foaming method).
- the method for obtaining the foamed particles of the present invention is not limited to the dispersion medium release foaming method.
- the resin particles based on the resin composition (a) constituting the core layer can be obtained by the dispersion medium release foaming method.
- a method of producing foamed particles by foaming and coating the obtained foamed particles with a resin powder made of the resin (b) can also be adopted.
- the foamed particles obtained by the above method are cured under atmospheric pressure, which is usually performed, and then placed in a closed container that can be pressurized. After performing an operation of increasing the internal pressure of the foamed particles by performing a pressure treatment by storing and press-fitting a gas such as air into the container, the foamed particles are taken out from the container and used with steam or hot air. By heating, it can be foamed again to obtain foamed particles having a low apparent density (this method is hereinafter referred to as a two-stage foaming method).
- the foaming agent is preferably a physical foaming agent.
- the physical foaming agent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, n-butane, i-butane and a mixture thereof, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, i-pentane, and n-hexane, ethyl chloride, 2,3.
- Organic physical foaming agents such as halogenated hydrocarbons such as 3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, water, etc.
- Inorganic physical foaming agents can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the organic physical foaming agent is excellent in compatibility with an olefin resin and foamability. It is preferable to use butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane. Among these foaming agents, it is preferable to use a foaming agent containing an inorganic physical foaming agent such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or air as a main component, and more preferably carbon dioxide is used.
- the inorganic physical foaming agent when used as a main component, 50 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% of the inorganic physical foaming agent is contained in 100 mol% of the total physical foaming agent. It means that it contains the above.
- the amount of the physical foaming agent added is appropriately selected according to the type of propylene-based resin, the type of foaming agent, the apparent density of the target foaming particles, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally limited, but for example, physical foaming.
- carbon dioxide is used as the agent, 0.1 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 parts by weight to 15 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the propylene-based resin. Is used.
- Dispersants include water-insoluble inorganic substances such as aluminum oxide, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, zinc oxide, kaolin, and mica, and water-soluble polymer-based protective colloids such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and methyl cellulose. And so on. Further, an anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium alkane sulfonate can be used.
- the heating rate in the foaming step is 0.5 ° C./min to 5 ° C./min.
- the multilayer resin particles are held in a dispersion medium within a specific temperature range and heat-treated to generate a so-called high temperature peak. It has a step of making it.
- the heat treatment may be performed at any of the time points before, during, and after the impregnation of the foaming agent, and may be performed over these two or more time points.
- a crystal structure showing a main endothermic melting peak (proprietary peak) derived from a crystal peculiar to the polypropylene resin composition (a) and a melting peak (high temperature peak) located on the higher temperature side than the peculiar peak is formed. Foamed particles having can be obtained.
- the heat treatment is performed, for example, as follows.
- the temperature near the melting point (Tm) of the polypropylene-based resin composition (a), which is the base resin of the multilayer resin particles, more specifically, the temperature (Tm-15 ° C.) or higher, which is 15 ° C. lower than the melting point, and the melting end temperature By holding the resin particles for a sufficient time (preferably about 5 to 60 minutes) at an arbitrary temperature within the range of less than Te), a part or all of the crystals unique to the polypropylene-based resin composition (a). Is melted and part of the melted crystal is recrystallized to produce a thick, high-potential crystal of lamella.
- the foamed resin particles can be obtained by releasing the foamable resin particles into a low-pressure atmosphere.
- the temperature of the contents in the closed container when the foamable resin particles are discharged from the closed container together with the aqueous dispersion medium is the temperature of the polypropylene-based resin composition (a). It is preferably in the range from a temperature 15 ° C. lower than the melting point (Tm) (Tm-15 ° C.) to a temperature 10 ° C. higher than the melting end temperature (Te + 10 ° C.).
- the difference between the pressure in the closed container and the pressure in the release atmosphere is preferably 1.0 MPa to 7.0 MPa, more preferably 1.5 MPa to 5.0 MPa.
- the foaming temperature is set to a high value, the press-fitting amount of the foaming agent is increased, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the temperature adjustment range at the time of foaming the resin particles described above is an appropriate temperature range when an inorganic physical foaming agent is used as the foaming agent.
- the appropriate temperature range is lower than the above temperature range depending on the type and amount used due to the plasticizing effect of the organic physical foaming agent on the base resin. Tends to shift to.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view showing an example of the surface state of the foamed particle molded product of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a foamed particle molded product 1 having a plurality of foamed particles 12 and communication voids 6.
- the propylene-based resin foamed particle molded product having the communicated voids of the present invention has the voids 6 as shown in FIG. 5, and the propylene-based resin foamed particles are molded in the mold. ..
- the method for producing a foamed particle molded product obtained by molding the foamed particles of the present invention in a mold can exemplify a known in-mold molding method.
- a pair of molding dies are used to mold the foam particles in the mold, the foam particles are filled in the mold cavity under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and the mold is closed to increase the volume of the mold cavity by 5% by volume to 50%.
- a method by a cracking molding method in which the particles are compressed so as to decrease by volume, and then a heating medium such as steam is supplied into the mold to heat-fuse the foamed particles for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-38359).
- the foamed particles are pressure-treated with a pressurized gas such as air to increase the pressure in the foamed particles, and the foamed particles are filled in the molding cavity under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure to close the mold, and then the mold is closed.
- a pressure molding method for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-22951
- a heating medium such as steam is supplied to heat and fuse the foamed particles.
- a heating medium such as steam is supplied to the mold to heat and fuse the foamed particles.
- a compression filling molding method for example, Japanese Patent Publication No.
- a normal pressure filling molding method for example, special fairness
- foamed particles are filled in a pair of molding mold cavities under atmospheric pressure, and then a heating medium such as steam is supplied to heat-fuse the foamed particles (for example, special fairness).
- a heating medium such as steam is supplied to heat-fuse the foamed particles (for example, special fairness).
- JP-A-6-292919 a method in which the above methods are combined (for example, JP-A-6-292919).
- the density of the foamed particle molded product produced by in-mold molding of the foamed particles of the present invention is preferably in the range of 15 to 50 kg / m 3, more preferably 20 in order to achieve both light weight and rigidity. It is ⁇ 40 kg / m 3 .
- the density (kg / m 3 ) of the foamed particle molded body is calculated by dividing the weight (g) of the molded body by the volume (L) obtained from the external dimensions of the molded body and converting the unit.
- the porosity of the foamed particle molded product of the present invention is preferably 20% or more.
- the porosity of the molded product is more preferably 22% or more, and even more preferably 24% or more.
- the upper limit is approximately 40%, preferably 35%.
- the porosity of the foamed particle molded product is determined as follows.
- the cube-shaped test piece cut out from the foamed particle molded body excluding the skin is submerged in the volume containing alcohol, and the true volume Vt (cm 3 ) of the test piece is obtained from the amount of increase in the liquid level of alcohol.
- the 50% compressive stress of the foamed particle molded product is preferably 120 to 300 kPa, preferably 150 to 250 kPa. Is more preferable, and 185 to 240 kPa is even more preferable. Further, when the 50% compressive stress is within this range, the generation of rubbing noise when the molded product is used as an automobile member is more likely to be suppressed.
- the 50% compressive stress is a measure of the stiffness of the foam molding. Twice
- the 50% compressive stress of the foamed particle molded product is measured as follows. A test piece of 50 mm in length ⁇ 50 mm in width ⁇ 25 mm in thickness was cut out from the foamed particle molded product so as to remove the skin layer, and at 50% strain when compressed at a rate of 10 mm / min based on JIS K 6767: 1999. The compressive stress (MPa) of is measured.
- the foamed particles of the present invention are excellent in the fusion property between the foamed particles and can be molded in the mold with a wider range of molding vapor pressure than the conventional foamed particles.
- the obtained foamed particle molded body has a high porosity, has properties such as desired air permeability, water permeability, sound absorption, sound deadening property, vibration isolation property, etc. due to the communicated voids, and has mechanical properties. Since it is good, it can be suitably used as a drainage material, a wall material in a building, an automobile interior material, a cushioning material, and the like. Further, since it has excellent adhesiveness to polyurethane foam, it is suitably used as an automobile member such as an automobile seat member.
- the melting point and the amount of heat of fusion were measured as follows. After raising the temperature from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min based on the heat flux differential scanning calorimetry method described in JIS K7121: 2012 using 2 mg of pellet-shaped base resin as a test piece. The peak temperature of the heat absorption peak determined by the DSC curve obtained when the temperature is lowered to 30 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min and then raised again from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min is determined by the resin. It was defined as the melting point.
- the area of the endothermic peak was defined as the amount of heat of fusion of the resin.
- a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry device manufactured by TA Instruments Co., Ltd .: DSC Q1000 was used.
- the flexural modulus of the resin was measured according to JIS K7171: 2008.
- a resin was heat-pressed at 230 ° C. to prepare a 4 mm sheet, which was cut out from the sheet into a length of 80 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm (standard test piece).
- the radius R1 of the indenter and the radius R2 of the support were both 5 mm, the distance between the fulcrums was 64 mm, and the test speed was 2 mm / min.
- the MFR was measured by the above method. Specifically, according to JIS K7210-1: 2014, the polypropylene resin was measured under the conditions of a temperature of 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg, and the polyethylene resin was measured under the conditions of a temperature of 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
- Bubble Conditioning Agent Masterbatch A bubble adjusting agent masterbatch prepared by blending 10% by weight of zinc borate with respect to 90% by weight of a polypropylene resin was used.
- multilayer resin particles were formed using the following devices.
- the outlets of the foam core layer forming extruder and the coating layer forming extruder were connected to the annular die so that the respective resin melts could be laminated in the coextrusion annular die.
- Examples 1 to 5 Comparative Examples 1 to 5 (Manufacturing of multilayer resin particles)
- the foam core layer forming resin and the bubble adjusting agent masterbatch shown in Tables 2 and 3 are supplied to the first extruder so as to be 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the core layer forming resin, and melt-kneaded. , A resin melt for forming a foam core layer was formed.
- the coating layer forming resin shown in Tables 2 and 3 was supplied to the third extruder and melt-kneaded to form a coating layer forming resin melt.
- the resin melt for forming the foam core layer and the resin melt for forming the coating layer are introduced into the coextrusion die, and the resin melt for forming the coating layer is placed around the resin melt for forming the foam core layer, and the coating layer is shown in Table 2.
- the pore diameter of the die was adjusted so that the average outer diameter D0, the average pore diameter d0, and the average wall thickness t0 of the resin particles were the values shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the average outer diameter D0, average pore diameter d0, and average wall thickness t0 of the resin particles were measured in the same manner as the above-mentioned average outer diameter D, average pore diameter d, and average wall thickness t of the foamed particles.
- the amount of the dispersant and the surfactant added (parts by weight) is an amount based on 100 parts by weight of the propylene-based resin particles.
- the obtained foamed particles had a tubular shape as shown in FIG. 1, and when the cross section thereof was observed with an optical microscope, the resin constituting the foamed core layer foamed well to form a closed cell structure, and the coating layer was formed.
- the resin constituting the above was non-foaming.
- the average inner diameter d of the through holes of the foamed particles and the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles were measured by the above method.
- the foamed particles were cut at a position where the area of the cut surface was maximized and perpendicular to the through-hole penetration direction.
- a photograph of the cut surface of the obtained foamed particles was taken, the area of the through hole portion in the photograph (that is, the cross-sectional area of the through hole) was obtained, and the diameter of a virtual perfect circle having the same area as the area was calculated. The value was taken as the pore diameter of the through hole of the foamed particles.
- the above measurement was performed on 50 foamed particles, and the arithmetic mean value thereof was taken as the average pore size d of the foamed particles.
- the foamed particles were cut at a position where the area of the cut surface was maximum, perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the through hole.
- a photograph of the cut surface of the obtained foamed particles is taken, the area of the foamed particles in the photograph (that is, the cross-sectional area of the foamed particles including the cross-sectional area of the through hole) is obtained, and a virtual perfect circle having the same area as the area is obtained.
- the value was taken as the outer diameter of the foamed particles.
- the measurement was performed on 50 randomly selected foamed particles, and the arithmetic mean value thereof was taken as the average outer diameter D of the foamed particles.
- the average wall thickness t of the foamed particles was calculated based on (Dd) / 2. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles was measured by the above method. Specifically, the foamed particles are randomly taken out from the foamed particle group and placed in a graduated cylinder having a volume of 1 L, and a large number of foamed particles are stored up to a scale of 1 L so as to be in a naturally deposited state. The mass W1 [g] was measured. This operation was performed 5 times for different foamed particle samples, the bulk density of each foamed particle sample was obtained from each measured value and converted into units, and the arithmetic mean value of these was calculated as the bulk density of the foamed particles (kg / m 3). ).
- the melting point of the foamed particles was measured by the above method.
- the temperature was raised from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min based on the heat flux differential scanning calorimetry method described in JIS K7121: 2012 using 3 mg of foamed particles as a test piece. Later, the temperature is lowered to 30 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min, and the peak temperature of the endothermic peak determined by the DSC curve obtained when the temperature is raised again from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min is foamed. The melting point of the particles was used.
- a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry device manufactured by TA Instruments: DSC Q1000
- the high-temperature peak calorific value and the natural peak calorific value (low-temperature peak calorific value) of the foamed particles were measured by a measuring method based on JIS K7122: 2012 as described above. First, about 3 mg of foamed particles were collected, and the temperature was measured at 10 ° C./min from 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. using a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry device to obtain a DSC curve. In the following description, the resin-specific peak was designated as A, and the high-temperature peak appearing on the higher temperature side was designated as B. A straight line ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) connecting the point ⁇ on the DSC curve corresponding to 80 ° C.
- the melting end temperature T refers to the intersection of the DSC curve and the high temperature side baseline on the high temperature side of the high temperature peak B.
- a straight line parallel to the vertical axis of the graph is drawn from the point ⁇ on the DSC curve corresponding to the valley between the resin specific peak A and the high temperature peak B, and the point intersecting the straight line ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) is defined as ⁇ . did.
- the area of the high temperature peak B is the area of the curve of the high temperature peak B portion of the DSC curve and the portion surrounded by the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) and the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), which is the high temperature peak calorific value ⁇ Hh.
- the area of the intrinsic peak is the area of the portion surrounded by the curve of the resin intrinsic peak A portion of the DSC curve, the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), and the line segment ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), and this is the area of the intrinsic peak calorific value (the intrinsic peak calorific value ( ⁇ - ⁇ ).
- Low temperature peak calorific value) ⁇ Hm.
- the total heat of fusion of the foamed particles was calculated by adding the high-temperature peak heat and the main endothermic peak heat (natural peak heat).
- a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry device manufactured by TA Instruments Co., Ltd .: DSC Q1000
- vapor pressure range 1 is a moldable range, and the molding vapor pressure is changed between 0.08 and 0.30 MPa (G) at 0.02 MPa (G) intervals.
- a foamed particle molded product was molded, and the two items of fusion property and recoverability of the obtained molded product were evaluated according to the criteria described below, and those whose evaluation reached the evaluation of A in all the two items were regarded as acceptable.
- Vapor pressure range 2 is a range in which a high void ratio molded product can be obtained, and the porosity of the foamed particle molded product obtained in the molding is measured, and among the above moldable ranges, It means a range of molding vapor pressure in which a foamed particle molded product having a porosity of 20% or more could be obtained.
- the porosity of the foamed particle molded product was determined by the above method. Specifically, first, a cube-shaped test piece of 20 mm in length ⁇ 100 mm in width ⁇ 20 mm in thickness cut out from the foamed particle molded body excluding the skin is submerged in a volume containing alcohol, and the amount of increase in the liquid level of alcohol is used. The true volume Vt (cm 3 ) of the test piece was determined. Next, the apparent volume Va (cm 3 ) was determined from the external dimensions of the test piece. From the obtained true volume Vt and the apparent volume Va, the porosity of the foamed particle molded product was determined based on the above equation (2).
- the shrinkage of the foamed particle molded product was measured as follows.
- the shrinkage rate [%] of the foamed particle molded product was determined by (300 [mm] -long side length [mm] of the molded product) / 500 [mm] ⁇ 100.
- “300 [mm]” is a long side dimension of a molding die.
- the "long side length [mm] of the molded body” means that the foamed particle molded bodies obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were cured in an atmosphere of 80 ° C. for 12 hours, slowly cooled, and further cooled to 23 ° C. It is a value measured the length of the long side of the foamed particle molded body after curing for 6 hours in the atmosphere of.
- the foamed particle compact is bent and fractured, the fracture surface is observed, and the number of fractured foam particles existing in the fracture surface is divided by the number of all foamed particles existing in the fracture surface.
- the percentage obtained was evaluated as the material fracture rate (%) according to the following criteria.
- a foamed particle molded product having a high porosity could be molded in a wide range of molding vapor pressure.
- the foamed particles of the present invention could be molded in the mold at a low molding vapor pressure of about 0.12 MPa (G).
- a foamed particle molded product having a porosity of 20% or more could be obtained.
- the obtained molded product was lightweight and had excellent rigidity.
- the lower limit of the moldable water vapor pressure was 0.10 MPa (G), which was a particularly low value.
- Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the foam core layer is formed by the low melting point resin PP1 alone without containing the high melting point resin PP2, and the ratio of the intrinsic peak heat quantity / the high temperature peak heat quantity is low.
- the molding water vapor pressure was large and the moldable range was narrow. Further, the compressive stress at the time of 50% strain was slightly low.
- Comparative Example 2 is an example in which a foam core layer is formed by the low melting point resin PP1 alone without containing the high melting point resin PP2, and the ratio of the intrinsic peak heat quantity / the high temperature peak heat quantity is set to the same level as in Example 1. be.
- the compressive stress at 50% strain was slightly low.
- the porosity decreased under the condition of high forming vapor pressure.
- Comparative Example 3 is an example in which a high melting point resin PP2 is contained as much as 40% by weight. The effect of the high melting point resin PP2 was large, and the molding vapor pressure was high.
- Comparative Example 4 is an example in which the resin 2 having a low melting point is used instead of the resin PP1 having a low melting point. Under the condition of high forming vapor pressure, the porosity decreased.
- Comparative Example 5 is an example in which the resin composition is the same as that of Example 1 and the intrinsic peak heat quantity / high temperature peak heat quantity is controlled to be small by raising the foaming temperature.
- the molding vapor pressure was high, and the compression response of the obtained foamed particle molded product at 50% strain was also slightly low.
- the lower limit of the "vapor pressure range 1" was high and the low-pressure moldability was inferior, so the "vapor pressure range 2" was not evaluated.
- Effervescent particle molded product 2 Effervescent particles 3 Effervescent core layer 4 Through holes 5 Coating layer 6 Voids 12 Effervescent particles
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Abstract
Description
[1]貫通孔を有する発泡粒子であって、
該発泡粒子は、該貫通孔を内部に形成するとともにポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物から構成された発泡芯層と、該発泡芯層を被覆するとともにポリオレフィン系樹脂から構成された被覆層を有し、
該ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物は、70~97重量%の融点が140℃を超え150℃以下のプロピレン系樹脂PP1と、3~30重量%の融点が145℃以上160℃以下のポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2を含み、〔但し、該樹脂PP1と該樹脂PP2との合計は100重量%である〕、
該ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の融点と該ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1の融点との差[(PP2の融点)-(PP1の融点)]が5℃以上15℃未満であり、
該発泡粒子は、該発泡粒子を10℃/minの昇温速度で30℃から200℃まで加熱する熱流束示差走査熱量測定によって測定した際に1回目のDSC曲線を与えるような結晶構造を有し、
該1回目のDSC曲線は、該ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物に固有の主吸熱ピークと、該主吸熱ピークよりも高温側に位置する高温側吸熱ピークを有し、
該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量が12~20J/gであると共に、該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量に対する該主吸熱ピークの熱量の比が3.5以上である、ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[2]前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1の融点が140℃を超え145℃以下であり、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の融点が150℃以上155℃以下である、上記[1]に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[3]前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の230℃、荷重2.16kgにおけるメルトフローレイト(MFR)が2~18g/10minである、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[4]前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1及びポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2が、それぞれチーグラー・ナッタ系重合触媒の存在下に重合して得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[5]前記発泡粒子の嵩密度が15~50kg/m3である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[6]平均外径D(mm)、貫通孔の平均孔径d(mm)及び(D-d)/2として定義される平均肉厚t(mm)を有し、ここでtが0.8~2mmであり、t/dが0.4~1である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[7]互いに融着した、、上記[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の多数の発泡粒子から構成されたポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体であって、発泡粒子成形体は連通した空隙が形成されているとともに20%以上の空隙率、を有するポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体。
本発明の貫通孔を有するポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子(以下、単に発泡粒子ともいう。)は、発泡芯層と該発泡芯層を被覆する被覆層とを有する多層発泡粒子である。該発泡芯層と該被覆層との間に中間層を設けてもよいが、発泡粒子は、後述する理由から該被覆層の厚みを薄くすることが望まれるため中間層は設けないことが好ましい。発泡粒子のリサイクル性や生産性等に優れることから、発泡粒子は、無架橋であることが好ましい。
該発泡芯層は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物(a)(以下、単に樹脂組成物(a)ともいう。)により構成される。
本明細書において、ポリプロピレン系樹脂とは、プロピレンに由来する構成単位を主たる構成単位として有する樹脂をいう。ここで、主たる構成単位とは、重合体中のプロピレン成分単位の含有割合が50重量%を超えることを意味し、好ましくは80重量%以上、より好ましくは90重量%以上である。
プロピレン系共重合体中のエチレン又は/及び炭素数4~20のα-オレフィン等のコモノマー成分の合計含有量は、25重量%以下であることが好ましく、10重量%以下であることがより好ましい。
(i)該ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物(a)が、70重量%~97重量%の融点MP1が140℃を超え150℃以下のプロピレン系樹脂PP1と、3重量%~30重量%の融点MP2が145℃以上160℃以下のポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2とを包含する〔但し、樹脂PP1と樹脂PP2との合計は100重量%である〕。
(ii)該樹脂PP2の融点MP2と該樹脂PP1の融点MP1との差(MP2 - MP1)が5℃以上15℃未満である。即ちMP1とMP2とは次の関係を満足する。
5℃ ≦ MP2 - MP1 < 15℃
要件(i)と(ii)の意味、及びその効果については、後で詳述する。
また、剛性に優れるとともに、空隙率の高い成形体を広い圧力範囲で型内成形可能にするという本発明の目的効果をより確実に達成するためには、樹脂PP2中のコモノマー成分の合計含有量は、樹脂PP1中コモノマー成分の合計含有量よりも低いことが好ましい。
該チーグラー・ナッタ系重合触媒は、チタン、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等を核元素とし、一部又は全部がアルキル基で修飾された有機金属錯体である。
他の樹脂成分としては、例えば、高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状超低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン-メタクリル酸共重合体等のエチレン系樹脂、或いはポリスチレン、スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体等のスチレン系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂等が挙げられる。ゴム・エラストマーとしては、エチレン-プロピレン系ゴム、エチレン-1-ブテンゴム、プロピレン-1-ブテンゴム、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエン系ゴム、イソプレンゴム、ネオプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム等のゴム、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンブロック共重合体やスチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンブロック共重合体の水添物、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロック共重合体の水添物等の熱可塑性エラストマー等が挙げられる。
(1)該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量(高温ピーク熱量)ΔHhが12~20J/gであると共に、
(2)該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量ΔHhに対する該固有の主ピークの熱量(固有ピーク熱量)ΔHmの比ΔHm/ΔHhが3.5以上である。
要件(1)と(2)の意味、及びその効果については、後で詳述する。
本発明の発泡芯層を構成するポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物(a)は、(i)融点MP1が140℃を超え150℃以下の低融点の樹脂PP1を主成分とし、融点MP2が145℃以上160℃以下の高融点の樹脂PP2を副成分とする混合樹脂である。また、(ii)該樹脂PP2の融点MP2と該樹脂PP1の融点MP1との差(MP2)-(MP1)が5℃以上15℃未満である。
この理由は、次のように考えられる。本発明の発泡粒子は、発泡芯層が低融点の樹脂PP1に樹脂PP1よりも特定以上融点の高い樹脂PP2が特定の比率で混合された混合樹脂から構成されており、発泡粒子の1回目のDSC曲線における、高温ピーク熱量ΔHhに対する固有ピーク熱量ΔHmの比ΔHm/ΔHhが大きくなりやすい。即ち、本発明の発泡粒子にはこの低温側にピークを示す低ポテンシャル結晶が多く存在するため、低い蒸気圧での型内成形であっても、低ポテンシャル結晶が発泡に寄与することができ、その結果発泡粒子が向上した二次発泡性を示すと考えられる。
一般に、多層発泡粒子成形体の空隙率は、成形圧が高くなるにつれて小さくなることが知られている。これは次のような理由による。低い蒸気圧での型内成形においては、芯層の二次発泡が完了していない状態で(貫通孔の孔径を十分維持した状態で)被覆層が溶融して熱融着するため、空隙率の高い成形体を容易に得ることができる。これに対し、高い蒸気圧の型内成形では芯層の二次発泡が進み、貫通孔が潰されるような状態で融着するため、空隙率は低下しやすくなる。
本発明の発泡粒子は、発泡芯層が融点が特定範囲である樹脂PP1と樹脂PP2とを特定比率で混合した混合樹脂から構成され、副成分として融点が高い樹脂PP2を用いているとともに、主成分である低融点側の樹脂PP1においても融点が140℃を超え150℃以下と融点が高めのポリプロピレン系樹脂を用いるため、芯層全体の融点を高めに調整することができる。したがって、芯層の適正な成形蒸気圧範囲(二次発泡する成形蒸気圧の範囲)をより高圧側に拡大することができる。その結果、低い蒸気圧から高い蒸気圧まで幅広い蒸気圧の範囲で高い空隙率を有する成形体を型内成形することができると考えられる。
該樹脂PP2の含有率が小さすぎると、所望される剛性の向上効果が得られないおそれがある。一方、該樹脂PP2の含有率が大きすぎると、高融点の樹脂PP2の性質が大きく反映されるため、低蒸気圧側での成形性が低下するおそれがある。
かかる理由により、該樹脂PP1の含有率の下限は、75重量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは80重量%であり、更に好ましくは85重量%である。また、その上限は、95重量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは93重量%であり、更に好ましくは90重量%である。一方、樹脂PP2の含有率の下限は、5重量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは7重量%であり、更に好ましくは10重量%である。また、その上限は、25重量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20重量%であり、更に好ましくは15重量%である。
(1)該高温側の吸熱ピークの熱量ΔHhが12~20J/gであると共に、
(2)該高温側の吸熱ピークの熱量ΔHhに対する該固有の主吸熱ピークの熱量ΔHmの比ΔHm/ΔHhが3.5以上である。
かかる理由により、該比ΔHm/ΔHhは、3.6以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3.7以上である。該比ΔHm/ΔHhの上限は、概ね4.2である。該比率ΔHm/ΔHhは、発泡粒子の製造時の発泡温度、発泡剤含浸圧力、又は結晶化工程の温度条件や保持時間等を調整することにより制御することができる。本発明の発泡粒子は、融点が前記(i)で定められる範囲内にある低融点の樹脂PP1と高融点の樹脂PP2が混合されているため、例えば発泡温度を高く設定することが容易となり、比ΔHm/ΔHhの大きい結晶構造を有する発泡粒子を容易に得ることができる。
該DSC曲線上の80℃に相当する点αと、発泡粒子の融解終了温度Tに相当するDSC曲線上の点βとを結ぶ直線(α-β)を引く。なお、前記融解終了温度Tとは、高温ピークBの高温側におけるDSC曲線と高温側ベースラインとの交点をいう。次に前記の樹脂固有ピークAと高温ピークBとの間の谷部に当たるDSC曲線上の点γからグラフの縦軸と平行な直線を引き、前記直線(α-β)と交わる点をσとする。
高温ピークBの面積は、DSC曲線の高温ピークB部分の曲線と、線分(σ-β)と、線分(γ-σ)とによって囲まれる部分の面積であり、これを高温ピーク熱量ΔHhとする。固有ピークの面積は、DSC曲線の樹脂固有ピークA部分の曲線と、線分(α-β)と、線分(γ-σ)とによって囲まれる部分の面積であり、これを固有ピーク熱量ΔHmとする。
樹脂PP1及び樹脂PP2の融解熱量は、JIS K7122:2012に基づき、樹脂片を試料として熱流束示差走査熱量計を用いて測定される。また、DSC曲線に複数の融解ピークが表れる場合は、複数の融解ピークの面積の合計を融解熱量とする。
前記樹脂PP2の曲げ弾性率は、機械的物性の向上効果等により優れることから、1000~1800MPaであることが好ましく、1200~1500MPaであることがより好ましい。
樹脂PP1及び樹脂PP2の曲げ弾性率はJIS K7171:2008に準拠して測定することができる。
該被覆層は、芯層を被覆する層であり、ポリオレフィン系樹脂(b)により構成される。
該ポリオレフィン系樹脂(b)とは、エチレンや、プロピレンおよび1-ブテン等のα-オレフィン由来の構成単位を主たる構成単位として有する樹脂をいう。ここで、主たる構成単位とは、重合体中の含有量が50重量%を越える構成単位を意味し、好ましくは80重量%を越える構成単位を意味する。
該ポリオレフィン系樹脂(b)としては、例えば、次の(b1)、(b2)、(b3)が挙げられる
樹脂(b)が、結晶性であるか非晶性であるかは、樹脂(b)を試料として熱流束示差走査熱量測定を行うことにより得られるDSC曲線により確認することができ、結晶性である場合は該DSC曲線上に吸熱ピークが出現し、非晶性である場合は該DSC曲線上に吸熱ピークが出現しない。
被覆層中の他のポリマー成分の含有量は合計で、樹脂(b)100重量部に対して概ね20重量部以下であることが好ましく、15重量部以下であることがより好ましく、10重量部以下であることが更に好ましく、5重量部以下であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の発泡粒子2は、図1に示すように、貫通孔4を有する発泡芯層3と、該発泡芯層3を被覆する被覆層5とを有し、その全体の形状は通常筒状である。発泡芯層3は、例えば図2(a)~図2(h)及び図3(a)~図3(d)に示すように種々の態様3a~3mに具体化できる。通常は、発泡芯層3は、図2(a)に示すように、円形断面を有する発泡芯層3aである。必要に応じ、図2(b)に示すように、三角形断面を有する芯層3b、図2(c)に示すように、六角形断面を有する芯層3c、図2(d)に示すように、二分された円形断面を有する芯層3d、図2(e)、2(f)に示すように、複数の円形が結合された形の断面を有する芯層3e、3f、図2(g)に示すように、一部が欠けた円形断面を有する芯層3g、および図2(h)に示すように、一部が欠けた矩形断面を有する芯層3hを採用することができる。更に、図3(a)に示すように、円形の円周から3本の肢状部eが伸びている形状の断面を有する芯層3i、図3(b)に示すように、三角形とその各辺から3本の肢状部eが伸びている形状の断面を有する芯層3j、図3(c)に示すように、円形とその円周から6本の肢状部eが伸びている形状の断面を有する芯層3k、および図3(d)に示すように、三角形とその頂点及び各辺から合計6本の肢状部eが伸びている形状の断面を有する芯層3mも適用することができる。なお、芯層3の断面形状は、上記の断面形状に限られることはなく、不定形な断面形状でもよい。同様に、発泡芯層3の貫通孔4の断面形状は通常円形であるが、必要に応じ、3図2(a)~図2(h)及び図3(a)~図3(d)に示すように種々の形状であって良く、不定形でも良い。
また、発泡粒子の平均外径Dは、1.5~7mmであることが好ましい。平均外径Dがこの範囲内であれば、充填性に優れ、良好な発泡粒子成形体を得ることができる。この理由により、発泡粒子の平均外径Dは、2~6mmであることがより好ましく、3~5mmであることが更に好ましい。
従来、肉厚の厚い発泡粒子の場合、貫通孔の孔径が小さくなりやすいため、空隙率の高い成形体を得ることが難しい傾向があった。本発明の発泡粒子によれば、肉厚の発泡粒子であっても幅広い成形圧力範囲で空隙率の高い成形体を得ることができる。
なお、発泡粒子の平均肉厚tは、下記式で定められる。
t=(D-d)/2
ここで、dとDは前に定義した通りである。
本発明においては、成形体の軽量性と剛性を両立させやすいことから、該発泡粒子の嵩密度が15~50kg/m3であることが好ましく、20~40kg/m3であることがより好ましい。
発泡粒子群から発泡粒子を無作為に取り出し、容積1Lのメスシリンダーの中に入れ、静電気を除去しつつ、自然堆積状態となるように多数の発泡粒子を1Lの目盛まで収容する。次に、収容された発泡粒子の重量を測定し、発泡粒子の重量(g)を収容体積(1L)で除し、単位換算して発泡粒子の嵩密度(kg/m3)を算出する。
なお、測定は、気温23℃、相対湿度50%の大気圧下において行う。
本発明の発泡粒子は、筒形状を有する芯層と被覆層とを有する多層樹脂粒子(もしくはペレット)を製造し、得られた多層樹脂粒子の芯層を発泡させることにより製造することができる。この場合、多層樹脂粒子の被覆層の厚みを、前記した発泡粒子の平均気泡径よりも小さくすることにより、多層樹脂粒子の発泡工程における被覆層の発泡を抑制することができる。
多層樹脂粒子の被覆層の重量比が前記範囲であることで、得られる発泡粒子の型内成形時の融着性が確保され、得られる発泡粒子成形体の機械的物性も良好なものとなる。
なお、本発明の発泡粒子を得る方法は、該分散媒放出発泡方法に制限されず、例えば、芯層を構成する樹脂組成物(a)を基材とする樹脂粒子を分散媒放出発泡方法により発泡させて発泡粒子を製造し、得られた発泡粒子に樹脂(b)からなる樹脂粉末を被覆する方法等も採用することができる。
これらの発泡剤のうち、二酸化炭素、窒素、空気等の無機系物理発泡剤を主成分とする発泡剤を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは二酸化炭素が用いられる。本発明において、前記無機系物理発泡剤を主成分とするとは、全物理発泡剤100モル%中に無機系物理発泡剤を50モル%以上、好ましくは70モル%以上、更に好ましくは90モル%以上含有していることを意味する。
図5に、本発明の発泡粒子成形体の表面の状態の一例を表す模式図を示す。図5には、複数の発泡粒子12と、連通した空隙6とを有する発泡粒子成形体1が示されている。このように、本発明の連通した空隙を有するプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体は、図5に表されるような空隙6を有するものであり、前記プロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を型内成形してなる。
例えば、発泡粒子を型内成形するために一対の成形型を用い、発泡粒子を大気圧下又は減圧下の成形型キャビティ内に充填し、型閉めして成形型キャビティ体積を5体積%~50体積%減少するように圧縮し、次いで、型内に水蒸気等の加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱融着させるクラッキング成形法による方法(例えば、特公昭46-38359号公報)。また、発泡粒子を空気等の加圧気体により加圧処理して発泡粒子内の圧力を高めて、該発泡粒子を大気圧下又は減圧下の成形型キャビティ内に充填し型閉めし、次いで型内に水蒸気等の加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱融着させる加圧成形法(例えば、特公昭51-22951号公報)等により成形することができる。又、圧縮ガスにより大気圧以上に加圧した成形型キャビティ内に、当該圧力以上に加圧しながら発泡粒子を充填した後、型内に水蒸気等の加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱融着させる圧縮充填成形法(例えば、特公平4-46217号公報)により成形することもできる。その他に、発泡粒子を、大気圧下の一対の成形型のキャビティ内に充填した後、次いで水蒸気等の加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱融着させる常圧充填成形法(例えば、特公平6-49795号公報)、または前記の方法を組み合わせた方法(例えば、特公平6-22919号公報)等によっても成形することができる。
空隙率(%)=〔(Va-Vt)/Va〕×100
発泡粒子成形体から、縦50mm×横50mm×厚み25mmの試験片をスキン層を除くようにして切り出し、JIS K 6767:1999に基づいて、10mm/分の速度で圧縮した際の50%ひずみ時の圧縮応力(MPa)を測定する。
ペレット状の基材樹脂2mgを試験片としてJIS K7121:2012に記載されている熱流束示差走査熱量測定法に基づいて、10℃/分の昇温速度で30℃から200℃まで昇温した後に、10℃/分の冷却速度で30℃まで降温し、再度10℃/分の昇温速度で30℃から200℃まで昇温した際に得られるDSC曲線により定まる吸熱ピークの頂点温度を樹脂の融点とした。また、該吸熱ピークの面積を樹脂の融解熱量とした。なお、測定装置は、熱流束示差走査熱量測定装置(ティー・エイ・インスツルメント社製:DSC Q1000)を用いた。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂90重量%に対してホウ酸亜鉛を10重量%配合してなる気泡調整剤マスターバッチを用いた。
発泡芯層形成用押出機として、内径100mm、L/D=32の押出機を用い、被覆層形成用押出機として、内径25mm、L/D=32の押出機を用い、さらに、共押出用環状ダイに、発泡芯層形成用押出機と被覆層形成用押出機のそれぞれの出口を連結し、それぞれの樹脂溶融物を共押出用環状ダイ内で積層可能にした。
(多層樹脂粒子の製造)
表2、表3に示す発泡芯層形成用樹脂と前記気泡調整剤マスターバッチを芯層形成用樹脂100重量部に対して5重量部となるように第一押出機に供給し、溶融混練し、発泡芯層形成用樹脂溶融物を形成した。同時に、表2、表3に示す被覆層形成用樹脂を第三押出機に供給し、溶融混練し、被覆層形成用樹脂溶融物を形成した。発泡芯層形成用樹脂溶融物と被覆層形成用樹脂溶融物を共押出用ダイに導入し、発泡芯層形成用樹脂溶融物の周囲に被覆層形成用樹脂溶融物を、被覆層が表2、表3に示す重量比率となるよう積層し、押出機先端に取り付けた共押出用ダイの小孔から、貫通孔を有する円筒状の芯層の外周に被覆層が形成された多層ストランドを共押出し、次いでストランドを水冷し、ペレタイザーで重量が略1.5mgとなるように切断し、乾燥して多層樹脂粒子を得た。なお、多層樹脂粒子の製造においては、樹脂粒子の平均外径D0、平均孔径d0、平均肉厚t0が表2、表3に示す値となるようダイの孔径を調整した。樹脂粒子の平均外径D0、平均孔径d0、平均肉厚t0は、前記した発泡粒子の平均外径D、平均孔径d、平均肉厚tと同様に測定した。
次いで、前記多層樹脂粒子を用いてプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
まず、前記のようにして得られた多層樹脂粒子1kgを分散媒としての水3Lと共に撹拌機を備えた5Lの密閉容器内に仕込み、更に分散媒中に、分散剤としてカオリン0.3重量部、界面活性剤(商品名:ネオゲンS-20F、第一工業製薬社製、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム)を有効成分量として0.004重量部、発泡剤として二酸化炭素を表4、表5に示す圧力(CO2圧入圧力)となるように圧入した。
次いで、撹拌下で分散媒の温度を表4、表5に示す「発泡温度-5℃」まで昇温し、その温度で15分間保持した。その後、表4、表5に示す発泡温度まで昇温し、その温度で15分間保持した後、二酸化炭素にて表4、表5に示す背圧を加えながら内容物を大気圧下に放出して、貫通孔を有する略円筒状の発泡粒子を得た。得られた発泡粒子の物性を表4、表5に示す。
なお、分散剤、界面活性剤の添加量(重量部)は、プロピレン系樹脂粒子100重量部に対する量である。
発泡粒子の平均外径Dの測定においては、まず、発泡粒子を切断面の面積が最大となる位置で、貫通孔の貫通方向に対して垂直に切断した。得られた発泡粒子の切断面の写真を撮影し、写真における発泡粒子の面積(即ち、貫通孔の断面積を含む、発泡粒子の断面積)を求め、その面積と同じ面積を有する仮想真円の直径を算出し、その値を発泡粒子の外径とした。前記測定を無作為に選んだ50個の発泡粒子に対して行い、それらの算術平均値を発泡粒子の平均外径Dとした。
発泡粒子の平均肉厚tは、(D-d)/2に基づき計算した。結果を表4、表5に示す。
高温ピークBの面積は、DSC曲線の高温ピークB部分の曲線と、線分(σ-β)と、線分(γ-σ)とによって囲まれる部分の面積であり、これを高温ピーク熱量ΔHhとした。固有ピークの面積は、DSC曲線の樹脂固有ピークA部分の曲線と、線分(α-β)と、線分(γ-σ)とによって囲まれる部分の面積であり、これを固有ピーク熱量(低温ピーク熱量)ΔHmとした。
また、発泡粒子の全融解熱量は該高温ピーク熱量と主吸熱ピーク熱量(固有ピーク熱量)との和により算出した。
なお、測定装置は、熱流束示差走査熱量測定装置(ティー・エイ・インスツルメント社製:DSC Q1000)を用いた。
得られた発泡粒子を用いて発泡粒子成形体の型内成形を行った。
まず、発泡粒子を、縦300mm×横250mm×厚さ60mmの平板成形型に充填し、加熱媒体として水蒸気を使用して、加圧成形法により型内成形を行なって平板状の発泡粒子成形体を得た。
型内成形時の加熱方法は、両面の型のドレン弁を開放した状態で水蒸気を5秒間供給して予備加熱を行った後、表6、表7に示す成形蒸気圧より0.04MPa(G)低い圧力で一方加熱を行い、さらに表6、表7に示す成形蒸気圧より0.02MPa(G)低い圧力で逆方向から一方加熱を行った後、表6、表7に示す成形蒸気圧[MPa(G):ゲージ圧]の水蒸気で加熱した。
加熱終了後、放圧し、成形型内面に取付けられた面圧計の値が0.04MPa(G)に低下するまで水冷した後、型を開放し成形体を型から取り出した。得られた成形体は60℃のオーブン内にて12時間養生し、その後、徐冷することにより発泡粒子成形体を得た。得られた成形体の物性を表6、表7に示した。このようにして、厚さ60mmの平板状の連通した空隙を有する発泡粒子成形体を得た。発泡粒子成形体の物性、融着性評価を表6、表7に示す。
(発泡粒子成形体の密度)
発泡粒子成形体(スキン付き)の密度は、型内成形により得られた、スキン付きのままの成形体の重量(g)を該成形体の外形寸法から求められる体積(L)で除すことにより算出した。なお、測定は、気温23℃、相対湿度50%の大気圧下において48時間養生した発泡粒子成形体について行った。
発泡粒子成形体の成形体収縮率は、次のように測定した。
発泡粒子成形体の収縮率[%]は、(300[mm]-成形体の長辺長さ[mm])/500[mm]×100で求めた。なお、「300[mm]」は成形用金型の長辺寸法である。また、「成形体の長辺長さ[mm]」とは、実施例及び比較例で得られた発泡粒子成形体を80℃の雰囲気下で12時間養生した後、徐冷し、さらに23℃の雰囲気下で6時間養生した後の発泡粒子成形体の長辺の長さを計測した値である。
発泡粒子成形体を折り曲げ破断させ、破断面を観察して破断面に存在している破断している発泡粒子の数を、該破断面に存在している全ての発泡粒子の数にて除して求めた百分率を材料破壊率(%)として、以下の基準により評価した。
A:発泡粒子成形体を破断したときの発泡粒子の材料破壊率が90%以上
B:発泡粒子成形体を破断したときの発泡粒子の材料破壊率が90未満
縦300mm、横250mm、厚み60mmの平板形状の金型を用いた型内成形を行い、得られた発泡粒子成形体について、その四隅部付近(角より中心方向に10mm内側)の厚みと中心部(縦方向、横方向とも2等分する部分)の厚みをそれぞれ計測した。次いで、四隅部付近のうち最も厚みの厚い箇所の厚みに対する中心部の厚みの比(%)を算出し、比が90%以上である場合をA評価、90%未満である場合をB評価とした。
発泡粒子成形体の中心部分から縦50mm×横50mm×厚み25mmの試験片をスキンを除いて切り出し、JIS K6767(1999)に基づき、圧縮速度10mm/分にて圧縮試験を行い発泡粒子成形体の50%圧縮応力を求めた。なお、この測定に使用した試験片の密度を発泡粒子成形体(スキンなし)の密度として表に記載した。なお、発泡粒子成形体(スキンなし)の密度の測定は、成形体からスキンを取り除いて切り出した試験片を用いた以外、前記発泡粒子成形体の密度の測定と同様に行った。
また、高融点の樹脂PP2の含有率を5重量%とした実施例3では、成形可能水蒸気圧の下限が0.10MPa(G)と特に低い値を示した。
2 発泡粒子
3 発泡芯層
4 貫通孔
5 被覆層
6 空隙
12 発泡粒子
Claims (7)
- 貫通孔を有する発泡粒子であって、
該発泡粒子は、該貫通孔を内部に形成するとともにポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物から構成された発泡芯層と、該発泡芯層を被覆するとともにポリオレフィン系樹脂から構成された被覆層とを有し、
該ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物は、70~97重量%の融点が140℃を超え150℃以下のプロピレン系樹脂PP1と、3~30重量%の融点が145℃以上160℃以下のポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2とを含み〔但し、該樹脂PP1と該樹脂PP2との合計量は100重量%である〕、
該ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の融点と該ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1の融点との差[(PP2の融点)-(PP1の融点)]が5℃以上15℃未満であり、
該発泡粒子は、該発泡粒子を10℃/minの昇温速度で30℃から200℃まで加熱する熱流束示差走査熱量測定によって測定した際に1回目のDSC曲線を与えるような結晶構造を有し、
該1回目のDSC曲線は、該ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物に固有の主吸熱ピークと、該主吸熱ピークよりも高温側に位置する高温側吸熱ピークとを有し、
該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量が12~20J/gであると共に、該高温側吸熱ピークの熱量に対する該主吸熱ピークの熱量の比が3.5以上である、ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。 - 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1の融点が140℃を超え145℃以下であり、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の融点が150℃以上155℃以下である、請求項1に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2の230℃、荷重2.16kgにおけるメルトフローレイト(MFR)が2~18g/10minである、請求項1又は2に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂PP1及びポリプロピレン系樹脂PP2が、それぞれチーグラー・ナッタ系重合触媒の存在下に重合して得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記発泡粒子の嵩密度が15~50kg/m3である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 平均外径D(mm)、貫通孔の平均孔径d(mm)、及び(D-d)/2として定義される平均肉厚t(mm)を有し、ここでtが0.8~2mmであり、t/dが0.4~1である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 互いに融着した、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の多数の発泡粒子から構成されたポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体であって、発泡粒子成形体は連通した空隙が形成されているとともに20%以上の空隙率、を有するポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体。
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