TWI735186B - 電子裝置用材料 - Google Patents
電子裝置用材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI735186B TWI735186B TW109109035A TW109109035A TWI735186B TW I735186 B TWI735186 B TW I735186B TW 109109035 A TW109109035 A TW 109109035A TW 109109035 A TW109109035 A TW 109109035A TW I735186 B TWI735186 B TW I735186B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 72
- -1 NR 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005055 alkyl alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001126 phototherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005240 diheteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002537 isoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003246 quinazolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 95
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 21
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 14
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 13
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960005544 indolocarbazole Drugs 0.000 description 9
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZXHUJRZYLRVVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-4-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=C1C=CC=C2B(O)O ZXHUJRZYLRVVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 5
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N quinine sulfate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[f]benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(NC=N3)C3=CC2=C1 USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C=1N=CSN=1 YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDGKZGLPXCRRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5-thiadiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSN=1 UDGKZGLPXCRRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CCCC4=CC=C1C2=C43 UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CS1 MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CSC=C21 LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFLQHMMXQLQDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dibenzofuran-4-yl-4-phenylquinazoline Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(=CC=C2)C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLQHMMXQLQDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZIBVTUXIVIFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyrrole Chemical compound C1C=CC=N1 JZIBVTUXIVIFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
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- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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Abstract
本申請案係關於具有呈特定空間排列的官能取代基之化合物、包含彼之裝置、及其製備和用途。
Description
本發明關於具有電子傳導和電洞傳導基團之特定排列的環狀化合物、其在電子裝置之用途、其製備及電子裝置。
其中使用有機半導體作為功能材料的有機電致發光裝置(例如OLED-有機發光二極體、或OLEC-有機發光電化學電池)之結構係說明於例如US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461和WO 98/27136中。除了螢光發光體,在此所使用的發光材料越來越多為呈現磷光的有機金屬錯合物(M.A.Baldo等人,Appl.Phys.Lett.1999,75,4-6)。為了量子力學的原因,使用有機金屬化合物作為磷光發光體,有可能使能量及功率效率增加多達四倍。通常,在呈現單重態發光之OLED的情況以及在呈現三重態發光之OLED的情況皆仍需要改良,特別是關於效率、操作電壓及壽命。這對於在相對短波範圍內發光(即綠色且特別是藍色)之OLED尤其如此。
有機電致發光裝置的性質不只受所使用的發光體決定。特別地,所使用的其他材料,諸如主體和基質材料、電洞阻擋材料、電子傳輸材料、電洞傳輸材料和電子-或激子阻擋材料,在此也特別重要。此等材料的改良可導致電致發光裝置的顯著改良。
根據先前技術,尤其使用酮類(例如根據WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680)或氧化膦類(例如根據WO 2005/003253)作為磷光發光體之基質材料。根據先前技術之其他基質材料為三類(例如WO 2008/056746、EP 0906947、EP 0908787、EP 0906948)。
關於螢光OLED,根據先前技術使用特別是縮合芳族化合物(特別是蒽衍生物)作為主體材料,特別是用於藍色發光之電致發光裝置,例如9,10-雙(2-萘基)蒽(US 5935721)。WO 03/095445和CN 1362464揭示用於OLED之9,10-雙(1-萘基)蒽衍生物。其他蒽衍生物係揭示於WO 01/076323、WO 01/021729、WO 2004/013073、WO 2004/018588、WO 2003/087023或WO 2004/018587中。以經芳基取代之芘類和類為主之主體材料係揭示於WO 2004/016575中。以苯並蒽衍生物為主之主體材料係揭示於WO 2008/145239中。關於高品質應用,理想的是具有可用之改良主體材料。
先前技術揭示含有一或多個咔唑基團之化合物於電子裝置的用途,例如在WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851。
先前技術此外揭示含有一或多個茚並咔唑基團之化合物於電子裝置的用途,例如在WO 2010/136109和WO 2011/000455中。
先前技術此外揭示含有一或多個缺電子雜芳族六員環之化合物於電子裝置的用途,例如在WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754和WO 2008/056746中。
WO 2011/057706揭示作為基質材料的二苯並噻吩類和二苯並呋喃類,其中一些係經取代,其中該等化合物係以特定方式經電子傳導基團及經電洞傳導基團取代。
然而,使用這些材料時和其他材料一樣仍然需要改良,特別是關於裝置的效率和壽命。
本發明之目的因此為提供適合使用於螢光或磷光OLED的化合物,例如作為主體材料及/或基質材料或作為電洞傳輸/電子阻擋材料或激子阻擋材料或作為電子傳輸或電洞阻擋材料,且當其使用於OLED中時,產生良好的裝置性質並提供對應電子裝置。
令人驚訝地,已發現:更詳細地描述於下的某些化合物達成這些目的且導致有機電致發光裝置的良好性質,特別是有關壽命、效率和操作電壓。本發明因此關於電子裝置,特別是有機電致發光裝置,其包含此類型的化合物,以及關於對應較佳化合物。藉由下示式子之化合物中的電子傳導基和電洞傳導基之特定排列來達成令人驚訝的效果。
根據本發明之化合物此外以使彼等能夠在高真空中蒸發而不分解之高溫穩定性為特徵。此性質為有機電子裝置(諸如有機電致發光裝置)之再現性造製的基本先決條件,且特別是對工作壽命有正影響。
根據本發明之化合物也具有高玻璃轉移溫度(Tg),其關於在製造電子裝置中處理化合物是有利的。化合物的高玻璃轉移溫度也允許化合物使用於薄非晶有機層。
此外,根據本發明之化合物允許在激發態的電荷載體之穩定,並具有足夠高的三重態能量,其代表磷光裝置之重要必備條件。此外,與來自先前技術的化合物相較,本發明之化合物在OLED中呈現改良的性能數據。
根據本發明之化合物的特色也在於:相較於從先前技術已知的化合物,其經改良之在溶液中的氧化還原穩定性。此簡化了化合物的純化,簡化彼等的處理和改良彼等在用於製備從溶液輔以印刷方法製造有機電子裝置之溶液中的儲存穩定性。
最後,根據本發明之化合物都是以使化合物也能夠從
溶液處理之非常良好的溶解性為其特色。因此實現有機電子裝置之廉價製造。根據本發明之化合物因此也適合於有機電子裝置的大量生產。
本發明因此關於通式(1)之化合物,
其中下列適用於所使用的符號及標號:
ETG為來自缺電子雜芳族基之群組的有機電子傳輸基團,其中該ETG較佳為具有5至60個芳族環原子之雜芳基,其中非常佳的雜原子為N-原子且非常特佳的ETG係選自下列群組:三類、嘧啶類、吡類、吡啶類、喹唑啉類、苯並咪唑類、喹啉類、異喹啉類和啶類且尤佳的ETG係選自下列群組:三類、嘧啶類、吡類和吡啶類;ETG可經一或多個R1基團取代,該R1基團在每次出現時可為相同或不同;
W 為傳導電洞之富電子有機基團,其中W較佳選自下列之群組:芳基胺類、三芳基胺類、橋聯胺類,其中較佳之橋聯胺類在此為二氫吖啶類、二氫啡類、啡類和啡噻類、咔唑類、橋聯咔唑類、雙咔唑類、苯並咔唑類、茚並咔唑類和吲哚並咔唑類;W可經一或多個R1
基團取代,該R1基團在每次出現時可為相同或不同;
V 為O或S,較佳為O;
Y 為二價橋;Y較佳表示具有5至60個環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統;該二價橋Y非常佳地具有5至30個環原子,特佳地具有5至18個環原子,非常佳地具有5至12個環原子,尤其地具有5至10個芳族環原子,更佳地該橋具有精確6個環原子及最佳地該橋為伸苯基橋;
n 為0或1,較佳為0,其中n等於0意指ETG和環B彼此以單鍵直接連接;
r 為來自0、1、2或3的整數,較佳為0或1及非常佳為0;
s 為來自0、1、2或3的整數,較佳為0或1及非常佳為0;
R1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R2)2、CN、NO2、Si(R2)3、B(OR2)2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)(R2)2、S(=O)R2、S(=O)2R2、OSO2R2、具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至40個C原子之直鏈烯基或炔基或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或烷硫基(彼等各自可經一或多個R2基團取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基團可經R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、Ge(R2)2、Sn(R2)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2置換及其中一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換)、或具有5至60
個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代)、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或雜芳氧基(其可經一或多個R2基團取代)、或具有10至40個芳族環原子之二芳胺基、二雜芳胺基或芳基雜芳胺基(其可經一或多個R2基團取代)、或此等基團之二或多者的組合或可交聯基Q;二或多個相鄰的R1基團在此彼此可形成單或多環的脂族或芳族環系統;
R2 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R3)2、CN、NO2、Si(R3)3、B(OR3)2、C(=O)R3、P(=O)(R3)2、S(=O)R3、S(=O)2R3、OSO2R3、具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至40個C原子之直鏈烯基或炔基或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或烷硫基(彼等各自可經一或多個R3基團取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基團可經R3C=CR3、C≡C、Si(R3)2、Ge(R3)2、Sn(R3)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR3、P(=O)(R3)、SO、SO2、NR3、O、S或CONR3置換及其中一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換)、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R3基團取代)、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或雜芳氧基(其可經一或多個R3基團取代)、或具有10至40個芳族環原子之二芳胺基、二雜芳胺基或芳基雜芳胺基(其可經一或多個R3基團取代)、或
此等基團之二或多者的組合;二或多個相鄰的基團R2在此可彼此形成單或多環的脂族或芳族環系統;
R3 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F或具有1至20個C原子之脂族、芳族及/或雜芳族烴基,其中一或多個H原子可經F置換;二或多個R3取代基在此也可彼此形成單或多環的脂族或芳族環系統;
R4、R5 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R2)2、CN、NO2、Si(R2)3、B(OR2)2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)(R2)2、S(=O)R2、S(=O)2R2、OSO2R2、具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至40個C原子之直鏈烯基或炔基或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或烷硫基。
在本發明之另一較佳實施態樣中,式(1)化合物中之V等於S。
作為ETG之較佳缺電子雜芳族基在此係選自下列基團:
其中虛線鍵標記鍵結位置,R1如上述所定義,及
Q' 在每次出現時相同或不同地表示CR1或N,及
Q" 表示NR1、O或S;
其中至少一個Q'等於N及/或至少一個Q"等於NR1。
作為ETG之較佳缺電子雜芳族基為:吡啶類、吡類、嘧啶類、嗒類、1,2,4-三類、1,3,5-三類、喹啉類、異喹啉類、喹啉、吡唑類、咪唑類、苯並咪唑類、噻唑類、苯並噻唑類、唑類或苯並唑類,彼等各自可
經R1取代。電子傳輸基甚至更佳為吡啶、吡、嘧啶、嗒或1,3,5-三,其經一或多個R1基團取代。
含有電子傳輸基之式(1)化合物較佳具有低於-1.3eV,非常佳地低於-2.5eV及非常特佳地低於-2.7eV之LUMO(最低未佔用分子軌域)能量。
該等材料之HOMO(最高佔用分子軌域)和LUMO(最低未佔用分子軌域)能階及最低三重態T1或最低激發單重態S1的能量係經由量子化學計算測定。為此目的,在此使用"Gaussian09W"(Gaussian Inc.)套裝軟體。為了計算有機物質,首先使用"基態/半經驗/預設自旋/AM1/電荷0/自旋單重態"方法進行幾何形狀最佳化。接著根據最佳化幾何形狀進行能量計算。在此使用"TD-SCF/DFT/預設自旋/B3PW91"方法與"6-31G(d)"基組(電荷0,自旋單重態)。能量計算產生以哈崔單位(hartree units)表示之HOMO能階HEh或LUMO能階LEh。由此測定參考循環伏安法測量校準之HOMO和LUMO能階(以電子伏特表示)如下:
HOMO(eV)=((HEh*27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LEh*27.212)-2.0041)/1.385。
就本申請案的目的而言,該等值係分別視為材料之HOMO或LUMO能階。
最低三重態T1係定義為具有最低能量之三重態的能量,其由所述之量子化學計算產生。
最低激發單重態S1係定義為具有最低能量之激發單
重態的能量,其由所述之量子化學計算產生。
式(1)化合物此外較佳地具有10-6cm2/(Vs)或更高,非常佳地為10-5cm2/(Vs)或更高及非常特佳地為10-4cm2/(Vs)或更高之電子遷移率μ-。
在式(1)化合物中,LUMO較佳係定位於電子傳輸基,其中0.9之滯留機率係假定用於軌域。LUMO非常佳地為大於80%定位於電子傳輸基,更佳地LUMO完全不定位於W(例如咔唑基)。若根據本發明化合物之HOMO和LUMO的絕對值完全不重疊,則為尤佳的。熟習該項技術者將沒有困難測定軌域之重疊。
參與某些電子躍遷(電荷轉移態)之分子軌域的重疊係藉助於參數Λ描述。參數Λ之意義在此為熟習該項技術者所熟知的。熟習該項技術者利用先前技術中所描述的方法測定該參數是絕對沒有困難的。就本發明之目的而言,參數Λ係使用由D.J.Tozer等人所述之PBHT法測定(J.Chem.Phys.128,044118(2008)),該方法以(例如)來自Q-Chem,Inc之Q-Chem 4.1套裝軟體實施。分子軌域在此係以上述方法計算。隨後從下列方程式測定佔用分子軌域(φi)和未佔用(虛擬)分子軌域(φa)之所有可能對的空間重疊:
O ia =〈|φ i |||φ a |〉
其中該軌域的模數係使用於計算。
然後根據下列從佔用和未佔用分子軌域之所有對ia
的加權總和產生參數Λ,
在一較佳實施態樣中,本發明關於具有參與某些電子躍遷(電荷轉移態)之分子軌域的小空間重疊Λ之通式(1)化合物。
在本申請案中,分子軌域的小重疊意指參數Λ之值為0.3或更小,較佳為0.2或更小,非常佳為0.15或更小,非常特佳地為0.1或更小且尤佳為0.05或更小。
含有電洞傳輸基W的式(1)化合物較佳具有在所使用之陽極的電子功函數(Φ陽極)加+1.5eV或更小的區域之HOMO能量(HOMOW),即:
若所使用之陽極具有-5eV之電子功函數,則式(1)化合物之HOMO能量為-3.5eV或更低(即大於-3.5eV之負數)。式(1)化合物非常佳地具有等於或低於(非常特佳地低於)陽極之電子功函數的HOMO能量。
式(1)化合物此外較佳其特徵為電洞移動率μ+為
10-6cm2/(Vs)或更大,非常佳為10-5cm2/(Vs)或更大且非常特佳地具有10-4cm2/(Vs)或更大。
電子和電洞遷移率的測量係由熟習該項技術者利用標準方法例行性進行。
在式(1)化合物中,HOMO將實質上定位於電洞傳輸基W上。實質上在此意指HOMO為80%或更大定位於電洞傳輸基或不定位於缺電子傳輸基,其中軌域假定為0.9的滯留概率。
就本發明之目的而言,較佳者為一種通式(2)之化合物,
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及標號且此外:
W式(W-1)之基團
U為N或CR1,較佳為CR1,其中虛線表示從W基團至式(2)中的環C之鍵。
在一較佳實施態樣中,二或多個U=CR1基團之相鄰R1基團可彼此形成單或多環的脂族或芳族環系統。
在另一較佳實施態樣中,二或多個U=CR1基團之相鄰R1基團不可彼此形成單或多環的脂族或芳族環系統。
此外若來自U=CR1基團的R1基團中之至少一者不等於H,則其為較佳的。
若R1作為U=CR1基團表示H或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代),則就本發明之目的而言是非常佳的,而若來自U=CR1之R1基團中之至少一者不等於H,則其為特佳的。
若R1在各情況下表示H或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代),則為其特佳的,而若基團R1中之至少一者不等於H,則其為特佳的。
若該化合物具有通式(1)和r為0或1和s為0或1,則其為較佳的。較佳地只有r或只有s等於1且各個其他參數等於0,非常佳為r和s皆等於0。
在本發明之另一較佳實施態樣中,n總是等於1,所以二價橋總是存在於環A和環B之間。
此外若該化合物具有通式(4)(其中上述定義適用於所使用的標號及符號),則其為較佳的,且本發明中別處所述之其較佳實施態樣亦表示式(4)化合物之較佳實施態樣,
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及標號及其中r為0或1及其中s為0或1。
此外若r+s=1,則其為較佳的。
此外若該化合物具有通式(6)(其中上述定義適用於所使用的標號及符號),則其也為較佳的,且本發明中別處所述之其較佳實施態樣亦表示式(6)化合物之較佳實施態樣,
若該化合物具有通式(7)(其中上述定義適用於所使用的標號及符號)且本發明中別處所述之其較佳實施態樣亦表示式(7)化合物之較佳實施態樣,則其為更佳的,
若W基團為咔唑、茚並咔唑或吲哚並咔唑(其中如本文中所揭示該等基團可經取代),則其為較佳的。
在本發明之一較佳實施態樣中,W基團為咔唑(其可經一或多個R1基團取代,該R1基團在每次出現時可為相同或不同),其中相鄰的R1基團彼此不可形成環閉合。
若W基團為經一或多個R1或R2基團(其在每次出現時可相同或不同)取代之茚並咔唑,則其為非常佳的。
此外若W基團為經一或多個R1或R2基團(其在每次出現時可相同或不同)取代之吲哚並咔唑,則是非常佳的。
下式(W-2)之W基團為特佳:
非常特佳者為式(W-3)之W基團,
尤佳者為式(W-4)之W基團,
若W基團具有式(W-4)且其中所出現之R1基團不等於氫,則其為更佳的,而若式(W-4)中之R1為具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代),則其為更佳的。
在本發明之另一非常佳的實施態樣中,W基團具有式
(W-4),其中R1亦等於H。
若W基團為式(W-5)之基團,則其為特佳的,
其中上述定義適用於所使用的標號及符號且其中此外:
Tp、Tq 相同或不同地為二價橋;Tp和Tq較佳係選自N(R2)、B(R2)、O、C(R2)2、Si(R2)2、C=O、C=NR2、C=C(R2)2、S、S=O、SO2、P(R2)和P(=O)R2;N(R2)、O、C(R2)2和S在此為非常佳及N(R2)和C(R2)2為特佳;
U' 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR2或N,較佳為CR2;
p 為0或1;其中p等於0意指環E和環D係以單鍵連接;
q 為0或1;其中q等於0意指環E和環D係以單鍵連接;
及其中p+q=1或2,較佳為等於1;
及其中Tp和Tq各自以任何可能的位向鍵結至環D的相鄰基團U;及其中鍵結至Tp或Tq之各U基團表示碳原子。
非常特佳的基團W係選自由式(W-6)至(W-8)所組成
之以下群組,其中式(W-7)為尤佳:
尤佳基團W為式(W-9)至(W-14)之基團,
在本發明之一較佳實施態樣中,W基團為茚並咔唑,其非常佳地具有下式(W-15)至(W-20)中之一者:
其中式(W-17)、(W-18)、(W-19)、(W-15)和(W-16)之茚並咔唑類為非常特佳。尤佳者為式(W-17)、(W-18)和(W-19)之茚並咔唑類,更佳地為式(W-17)和(W-18)之茚並咔唑類和最佳地式(W-17)之茚並咔唑類。
在本發明之另一較佳實施態樣中,W基團為吲哚並咔唑,其非常佳地具有下式(W-21)至(W-25)中之一者:
就本發明之目的而言,若式(W-1)和(W-5)至(W-26)之基團中的U總是等於CR1,則其為非常較佳的,若屬於U=CR1基團之R1基團在此總是為H,則其為特佳的。
就本發明之目的而言,若式(W-5)至(W-26)之基團中的U'總是等於CR2,則其也是非常較佳的,若屬於U'=CR2基團之R2基團在此總是為H,則其為特佳的。
若,在式(W-5)至(W-26)之基團中,U等於CR1且U'等於CR2,則其為特佳的,及R1基團屬於U基團=CR1且R2基團屬於U'基團=CR2,則非常特佳地等於H。
在另一較佳實施態樣中,本發明關於一種式(1)之化合物,其中W如式(W-27)中所示定義,
其中上述定義適用於所使用的標號及符號,且本發明中別處所述之其較佳實施態樣亦表示式(W-27)之基團的較佳實施態樣。
如已經說明的,式(2)化合物的環A之X基團可為N或CR1,其中環A中的五個X基團中之至少一者表示N原子,較佳為環A中的五個X基團中之二者等於N及非常佳為環A中的五個X基團中之三者等於N。
式(A-1)之式(2)中的環A之較佳基團,
在此特佳者為式(A-2)之基團。
式(2)中的環A之另一較佳基團為下列式(A-14)之基
團:
式(A-1)之式(2)中的環A之非常佳的基團為彼等式(A-2)至(A-11)之基團,其中R1等於Ar1,其中Ar1在每次出現時相同或不同地為具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代);Ar1較佳在每次出現時相同或不同地為苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、聯四苯基、二苯並呋喃基、二苯並噻吩基、茀基、螺聯茀基、吡啶基或嘧啶基,彼等各自可經一或多個R2基團取代;Ar1非常佳地在每次出現時可為相同或不同為苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基或聯四苯基,彼等各自可經一或多個R2基團取代;特佳者為苯基(其在各情況下可經一或多個R2基團取代),而若苯基為經未取代形式,則其為尤佳的。
非常特佳者在此為式(A-2)之基團,其中R1等於Ar1。
式(2)中之式(A-14)的環A之另一非常佳的基團為式(A-14)之基團,其中R1等於Ar1。
特佳基團Ar1亦為下列具有式(Ar-1)至(Ar-24)之基團,其中該等基團可經一或多個R2基團(其在每次出現時
可為相同或不同)取代。非常特佳的基團Ar1為彼等式(Ar-1)至(Ar-9)之基團,
就本申請案之目的而言,二或多個基團彼此可形成環之規劃特別意指:二個基團彼此以一化學鍵連接。此以下列流程說明:
然而,此外,上述規劃也意指:在其中二個基團之一
表示氫的情況下,第二基團係鍵結於氫原子所鍵結之位置,且形成一環。此意欲以下列流程說明:
下列為就本申請之意義而言的化學基之一般定義:
芳基就本發明之意義而言含有6至60個芳族環原子;雜芳基就本發明之意義而言含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一者為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及S。此表示基本定義。如果在本發明說明中指示其他較佳選擇,例如有關所存在之芳族環原子或雜原子的數目,則這些適用。
芳基或雜芳基在此意指簡單芳族環,即苯,或簡單雜芳族環,例如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或縮合(稠合(annellated))芳族或雜芳族多環,例如萘、菲、喹啉或咔唑。縮合(稠合)芳族或雜芳族多環就本申請案的意義而言由二或多個簡單芳族或雜芳族環彼此縮合而組成。
缺電子雜芳族基就本發明之意義而言係定義為具有至少二個雜原子之5-員雜芳基環基,例如咪唑、唑、二唑、等等,或定義為具有至少一個雜原子之6-員雜芳基環基,例如吡啶、嘧啶、吡、三、等等。另外6-員芳基或6-員雜芳基環基團也可縮合至此等基團上,當為此情況時,例如,苯並咪唑、喹啉或啡啉。
在各情況下可被上述基團取代且可經由任何所要位置連結至芳族或雜芳族環系統之芳基或雜芳基特別意指衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、(chrysene)、苝、1,2-苯並苊(fluoranthene)、苯並蒽、苯並菲、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯並芘、呋喃、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋喃、二苯並呋喃、噻吩、苯並噻吩、異苯並噻吩、二苯並噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯並-5,6-喹啉、苯並-6,7-喹啉、苯並-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、萘並咪唑、菲並咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶並咪唑、吡咪唑、喹啉並咪唑、唑、苯並唑、萘並唑、蒽並唑、菲並唑、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯並噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯並嘧啶、喹啉、吡、啡、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯並咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯並三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲及苯並噻二唑。
芳氧基根據本發明之定義意指經由氧原子鍵結之芳基,其如上所定義。類似定義適用於雜芳氧基。
芳族環系統就本發明之意義而言在環系統中含有6至60個C原子。雜芳族環系統就本發明之意義而言含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一個為雜原子。雜原子較
佳地選自N、O及/或S。芳族或雜芳族環系統就本發明之意義而言意指不一定只含有芳基或雜芳基,而是其中另外多個芳基或雜芳基可以非芳族單元(較佳為少於10%非H之原子)(諸如,例如sp3-混成之C、Si、N或O原子、sp2-混成之C或N原子或sp-混成之C原子)連接的系統。因此,例如系統諸如9,9’-螺雙茀、9,9’-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、二苯乙烯、等等就本發明之意義而言亦意欲為芳族環系統,如為其中二或多個芳基例如以直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基或以矽基連接之系統。此外,其中二或多個芳基或雜芳基係經由單鍵彼此連結之系統就本發明之意義而言亦為芳族或雜芳族環系統,諸如,例如聯苯、聯三苯或二苯基三之系統。
在各情況下亦可經如上述定義之基團取代且可經由任何所要位置連接至芳族或雜芳族基團之具有5-60個芳族環原子的芳族或雜芳族環系統特別意指衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、苯並蒽、菲、苯並菲、芘、(chrysene)、苝、1,2-苯並苊(fluoranthene)、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯並芘、聯苯、伸聯苯(biphenylene)、聯三苯(ter-phenyl)、伸聯三苯(terphenylene)、聯四苯(quaterphenyl)、茀、螺聯茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、順-或反-茚並茀、三聚茚(truxene)、異三聚茚(isotruxene)、螺三聚茚、螺異三聚茚、呋喃、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋喃、二苯並呋喃、噻吩、苯並噻吩、異苯並噻吩、二苯並噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吲哚並咔
唑、茚並咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯並-5,6-喹啉、苯並-6,7-喹啉、苯並-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡 、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、萘並咪唑(naphthimidazole)、菲並咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶並咪唑(pyridimidazole)、吡並咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹啉並咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯並唑、萘並唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽並唑(anthroxazole)、菲並唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯並噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯並嘧啶、喹啉、1,5-二氮雜蒽、2,7-二氮雜芘、2,3-二氮雜芘、1,6-二氮雜芘、1,8-二氮雜芘、4,5-二氮雜芘、4,5,9,10-四氮雜苝、吡、啡、啡、啡噻、熒紅環(fluorubin)、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯並咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯並三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲和苯並噻二唑或這些基團的組合。
就本發明的目的而言,具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或具有2至40個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中個別H原子或CH2基團可經在上述該等基團定義下之基團取代,較佳意指甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、第二戊基、環戊
基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。具有1至40個C原子之烷氧基或烷硫基(thioalkyl)較佳意指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、第二戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基、正戊硫基、第二戊硫基、正己硫基、環己硫基、正庚硫基、環庚硫基、正辛硫基、環辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、環戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、環己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、環庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、環辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
可根據流程1製備根據本發明之化合物。對應單硼酸類為市售且可藉由Suzuki偶合和後續溴化及藉由Buchwald偶合的進一步反應而轉化成對應目標分子。
顯示用於合成根據本發明之化合物之一般方法為舉例說明。熟習該項技術者將能夠在其一般專業知識範圍內開發替代的合成路徑。
下列概述含有可藉由本文所述方法之一者製備的根據本發明化合物之說明性描述。
本發明此外關於式(1)之化合物於電子裝置(較佳地於電子傳輸層及/或於發光層)之用途。
根據本發明之化合物亦可使用於電洞傳輸層。
根據本發明之電子裝置較佳係選自由下列所組成之群組:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學檢測器、有機感光器(photoreceptor)、有機場淬滅裝置(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC、LEC或LEEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機發光二極體(OLED)。特佳者為有機電致發光裝
置,非常特佳地OLEC和OLED且尤佳為OLED。
OLED就本發明之意義而言意指包含小有機分子(SMOLED)之有機發光二極體以及聚合物發光二極體(PLED)二者,其中SMOLED表示較佳OLED。
包含式(1)化合物之有機層較佳為具有電子傳輸功能之層。特佳的是電子注入層(EIL)、電子傳輸層(ETL)、電洞阻擋層(HBL)或發光層(EML),其中若此化合物存在於發光層中,則為更佳。
根據本申請案之電洞傳輸層為具有電洞傳輸功能之層,其位在陽極和發光層之間。
根據本申請案之電子傳輸層為具有電子傳輸功能之層,其位在陰極和發光層之間。
電洞注入層和電子阻擋層就本發明之意義而言意指電洞傳輸層之特定實施態樣。在陽極和發光層之間的多個電洞傳輸層之情況下,電洞注入層為直接相鄰於陽極或僅以陽極的單一塗層分離之電洞傳輸層。在陽極和發光層之間的多個電洞傳輸層之情況下,電子阻擋層為直接相鄰於陽極側上的發光層之電洞傳輸層。
如上面已經提到者,在一較佳具體實例中,式(1)化合物係用作有機電子裝置(特別是有機電致發光裝置,例如OLED或OLEC)中的發光層中之基質材料。式(1)之基質材料在此與一種或多種摻雜劑(較佳地磷光摻雜劑)組合存在於電子裝置中。
術語磷光摻雜劑通常包括其中發光經由自旋禁止躍遷
(spin-forbidden transition)進行(例如從激發三重態或具有較高自旋量子數之狀態(例如五重態))躍遷之化合物。
適當磷光摻雜劑特別為在適當激發時發光(較佳在可見光區域內)且另外含有至少一種具有原子序大於20,較佳為大於38且少於84,特佳為大於56且少於80的原子之化合物。所使用之磷光發光體較佳為含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪的化合物,特別是含有銥、鉑或銅的化合物。
所有發光的銥、鉑或銅錯合物就本申請案之意義而言被視為磷光化合物。磷光摻雜劑的例子給予於下段。
在包含基質材料及摻雜劑的系統中之摻雜劑意指在混合物中比例較小的成分。對應地,在包含基質材料及摻雜劑之系統中的基質材料意指在混合物中比例較大的成分。
在發光層中之基質材料的比例在此情況下就螢光發光層而言介於50.0和99.9體積%之間,較佳地介於80.0和99.5體積%之間和特佳介於92.0和99.5體積%之間,並就磷光發光層而言介於85.0與97.0體積%之間。
對應地,摻雜劑的比例就螢光發光層而言介於0.1和50.0體積%之間,較佳地介於0.5和20.0體積%之間和特佳介於0.5和8.0體積%之間,並就磷光發光層而言介於3.0與15.0體積%之間。
有機電致發光裝置之發光層亦可包含含有多種基質材料(混合基質系統)及/或多種摻雜劑之系統。亦在此情況下,摻雜劑通常為系統中比例較小的材料及基質材料為系
統中比例較大的材料。然而,在個別的情況下,系統中的個別基質材料之比例可小於個別摻雜劑比例。
在本發明之另一較佳實施態樣中,式(1)之化合物係用作混合-基質系統之成分。混合-基質系統較佳包含二或三種不同基質材料,特佳二種不同基質材料。二種材料之一者在此較佳為具有電洞傳輸性質之材料且其他材料為具有電子傳輸性質之材料。然而,混合-基質成分之所要電子傳輸和電洞傳輸性質也可主要或完全組合於單一混合-基質成分中,其中另外混合-基質成分滿足其他功能。二種不同基質材料在此可以1:50至1:1,較佳地1:20至1:1,特佳1:10至1:1及非常特佳地1:4至1:1的比率存在。混合-基質系統較佳地使用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。對於混合-基質系統之更準確的資訊特別是給予於申請案WO 2010/108579中。
可與根據本發明之化合物組合用作混合-基質系統的基質成分之特別適合的基質材料係選自下示磷光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料或螢光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料,取決於混合-基質系統中使用什麼類型之摻雜劑。
本發明因此也關於一種組成物,其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物和至少一種其他基質材料。較佳之其他基質材料為下述基質材料。
本發明也關於一種組成物,其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物和至少一種寬能帶間隙材料,其中寬能帶間隙材料意指一種就US 7,294,849之揭示的意義之材料。此等系統
在電致發光裝置中呈現特別有利的性能數據。若寬能帶間隙材料之能帶間隙為3,5eV或更大,則其為特佳的,其中能帶間隙意指HOMO和LUMO之間的能量差。軌域能量係藉由上述方法測定。
本發明此外關於一種組成物,其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物和至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組的其他有機半導體材料:螢光發光體、磷光發光體、主體材料、基質材料、電子傳輸材料、電子注入材料、電洞導體材料、電洞注入材料、電子阻擋材料和電洞阻擋材料。
用於混合基質系統之較佳磷光摻雜劑為上示較佳磷光摻雜劑。
磷光摻雜劑的實例係由申請案WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373和US 2005/0258742揭露。一般而言,如根據先前技術用於磷光OLED及如熟習有機電致發光裝置領域之技術者已知的所有磷光錯合物均適合使用於根據本發明之裝置。
磷光摻雜劑之明確例子顯示於下表中。
較佳螢光摻雜劑係選自芳基胺之類別。芳基胺或芳族胺就本發明之意義而言意指含有三個經取代或未經取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統直接鍵結於氮之化合物。此等芳族或雜芳族環系統中之至少一者較佳為縮合環系統,特佳具有至少14個芳族環原子。其較佳例子為芳族蒽胺、芳族蒽二胺、芳族芘胺、芳族芘二胺、芳族胺類或芳族二胺。芳族蒽胺意指其中一個二芳胺基與蒽基直接鍵結之化合物,較佳地在9-位置上。芳族蒽二胺意指其中二個二芳胺基與蒽基直接鍵結之化合物,較佳地在9,10-位置上。芳族芘胺、芘二胺、胺及二胺係與其類似地定義,其中二芳胺基較佳地在1-位置或1,6-位置上與芘鍵結。另外的較佳摻雜劑為茚並茀胺和茚並茀二胺(例如根據WO 2006/108497或WO 2006/122630)、苯並茚並茀胺和苯並茚並茀二胺(例如根據WO 2008/006449)、和二苯並茚並茀胺和二苯並茚並茀二胺(例如根據WO 2007/140847)、和WO 2010/012328中所揭示的含有縮合芳基之茚並茀衍生物。
除了式(1)化合物之外,較佳用於螢光摻雜劑之適當基質材料為選自各種類之物質的材料。較佳基質材料係選自寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)(例如根據EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-肆苯基螺聯茀或二萘基蒽),特別是含有縮合芳族基團之寡聚伸芳基、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基(oligoarylenevinylene)(例如根據EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多牙(polypodal)金屬錯合物(例如根據
WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如根據WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,特別是酮、氧化膦、亞碸、等等(例如根據WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082)、阻轉異構物(例如根據WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如根據WO 2006/117052)或苯並蒽類(例如根據WO 2008/145239)之種類。特佳基質材料係選自包含萘、蒽、苯並蒽及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)或這些化合物的阻轉異構物、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基(oligoarylenevinylene)、酮類、氧化膦類和亞碸類之種類。非常特佳的基質材料係選自包含蒽、苯並蒽、苯並菲及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)或這些化合物的阻轉異構物之種類。寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)就本發明之意義而言意欲表示一種其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基彼此鍵結之化合物。
除式(1)化合物之外,用於磷光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料為芳族胺(特別是三芳基胺,例如根據US 2005/0069729)、咔唑衍生物(例如CBP,N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯)或根據WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851之化合物、橋聯咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2011/088877和WO 2011/128017)、茚並咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/136109和WO 2011/000455)、氮雜咔唑衍生物(例如,根據EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160)、吲哚並咔唑衍生物(例如根據
WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、酮(例如根據WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680)、氧化膦、亞碸和碸(例如根據WO 2005/003253)、寡聚伸苯基、雙極性基質材料(例如根據WO 2007/137725)、矽烷(例如根據WO 2005/111172)、氮硼雜環戊烯(azaborole)或硼酸酯(例如根據WO 2006/117052)、三衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、鋅錯合物(例如根據EP 652273或WO 2009/062578)、鋁錯合物(例如BAlq)、二氮雜矽雜環戊二烯(diazasilole)和四氮雜矽雜環戊二烯衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054729)、二氮磷雜環戊二烯(diazaphosphole)衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054730)和鋁錯合物(例如BAlQ)。
除了陰極、陽極及包含式(1)化合物之層以外,電子裝置亦可包含另外的層。此等另外的層例如在各情況下係選自一或多個電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、發光層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、間層、電荷產生層(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)及/或有機或無機p/n接面。然而,應指出的是該等層中之各者不一定必須存在。
有機電致發光裝置的層之順序較佳為下列:
陽極/電洞注入層/電洞傳輸層/發光層/電
子傳輸層/電子注入層/陰極。在此應再指出不是所有的該等層都必須存在,及/或可有更多另外的層存在。
根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置可包含多個發光層。此等發光層在此情況下特佳具有總計多個在380nm與750nm之間的發光最大值,導致整體為白色發光,即將能夠發螢光或磷光及發藍光或黃光或橘光或紅光的各種發光化合物使用於發光層中。特佳者為三層系統,亦即具有三個發光層之系統,其中該三層呈現藍色、綠色和橘色或紅色發光(基本結構參見例如WO 2005/011013)。應注意的是:為了產生白光,單獨使用之發射寬波長範圍的發光體化合物亦適合於代替多個發色之發光體化合物。
適當電荷傳輸材料當可用於根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置的電洞注入或電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層或電子傳輸層中,為(例如)Y.Shirota等人,Chem.Rev.2007,107(4),953-1010中所揭示之化合物或根據先前技術用於該等層中之其他材料。
可用於電子傳輸層之材料為根據先前技術用作電子傳輸層中之電子傳輸材料的所有材料。特別適合者為鋁錯合物(例如Alq3)、鋯錯合物(例如Zrq4)、苯並咪唑衍生物、三衍生物、嘧啶衍生物、吡啶衍生物、吡衍生物、喹啉衍生物、喹啉衍生物、二唑衍生物、芳族酮類、內醯胺類、硼烷類、二氮磷雜環戊二烯(diazaphosphole)衍生物及氧化膦衍生物。此外適合的材料為上述化合物之衍生物,如JP 2000/053957、WO 2003/060956、WO
2004/028217、WO 2004/080975及WO 2010/072300中所揭示者。
電洞傳輸材料特佳為可用於電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層中之材料,茚並茀胺衍生物(例如根據WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896)、EP 1661888中所揭示之胺衍生物、六氮雜三伸苯基衍生物(例如根據WO 01/049806)、含有縮合之芳族環的胺衍生物(例如根據US 5,061,569)、WO 95/09147中所揭示之胺衍生物、單苯並茚並茀胺類(例如根據WO 08/006449)、二苯並茚並茀胺類(例如,根據WO 07/140847)、螺雙茀胺類(例如根據WO 2012/034627或尚未公開之EP 12000929.5)、茀胺類(例如,根據尚未公開之申請案EP 12005369.9、EP 12005370.7和EP 12005371.5)、螺二苯並哌喃胺類(例如根據根據尚未公開之申請案EP 11009127.9)和二氫吖啶衍生物(例如根據尚未公開之EP 11007067.9)。
電子裝置之陰極較佳包含具有低功函數之金屬、金屬合金或包含各種金屬(諸如,例如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素(例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm、等等))之多層結構。亦適合的是包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬和銀之合金,例如包含鎂和銀之合金。在多層結構之情況中,除該等金屬外,也可使用具有較高功函數之其他金屬,諸如,例如Ag或Al,在該情況中通常使用金屬之組合,諸如,例如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ag/Ag。較佳亦可於金屬陰極與有機半導體之間引入具有高介電常數之材料
的薄間層。適合於此目的者為(例如)鹼金屬氟化物或鹼土金屬氟化物,但對應氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3、等等)亦適合。此外,喹啉酸鋰(LiQ)可使用此目的。此層之厚度較佳係介於0.5和5nm之間。
陽極較佳包含具有高功函數之材料。陽極較佳具有相對於真空為大於4.5eV之功函數。適合此目的者一方面為具有高氧化還原電位之金屬,諸如(例如)Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)亦可為較佳的。就一些應用而言,至少一個電極必須為透明或部分透明,以便促進有機材料之照射(有機太陽能電池)或光之耦合輸出(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳陽極材料在此為導電性混合金屬氧化物。特佳者為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。此外較佳者為導電性摻雜型有機材料,特別為導電性摻雜型聚合物。此外,陽極也可由多層(例如ITO的內層和金屬氧化物(較佳氧化鎢、氧化鉬或氧化釩)的外層)組成。
製造期間,將電子裝置適當地(視應用而定)結構化,配備接點且最後密封,因為在水及/或空氣存在下根據本發明之裝置的壽命縮短。
在一較佳實施態樣中,根據本發明之電子裝置其特徵在於利用昇華方法施加一或多層,其中該等材料係於真空昇華單元中在低於10-5毫巴,較佳低於10-6毫巴之初壓力下藉由氣相沈積施加。然而,初壓力在此也可能甚至更
低,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於利用OVPD(有機蒸氣相沈積)法或輔以載體-氣體昇華法施加一或多層,其中該等材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下施加。此方法的一特殊例子為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴墨印刷)法,其中該等材料係經由噴嘴直接施加且因此結構化(例如,M.S.Arnold等人之Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
此外較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於諸如(例如)以旋轉塗佈或利用任何所要印刷法(諸如,例如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是特佳為LITI(光誘導熱成像、熱轉移印刷)或噴墨印刷)從溶液製造一或多層。為此目的需要可溶性之式(1)化合物。高溶解度可經由化合物的適當取代來達成。
為了製備根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置,此外較佳的是從溶液施加一或多層並藉由昇華方法施加一或多層。
本發明因此此外關於一種製造根據本發明電子裝置之方法,其特徵在於藉由氣相沈積或從溶液施加至少一層有機層。
根據本發明,包含一或多種式(1)化合物之電子裝置可用於顯示器中、作為照明應用中之光源及作為醫學及/或美容應用(例如光療法)中之光源。
本發明也關於一種調配物,其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物或至少一種上述組成物和至少一種溶劑。
適當且較佳的溶劑為(例如)甲苯、苯甲醚、鄰-、間-或對-二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、對稱三甲苯、四氫萘、藜蘆醚、THF、甲基-THF、THP、氯苯、二烷、苯氧基甲苯(特別是3-苯氧基甲苯)、(-)-葑酮、1,2,3,5-四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯並噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯啶酮、3-甲基苯甲醚、4-甲基苯甲醚、3,4-二甲基苯甲醚、3,5-二甲基苯甲醚、苯乙酮、α-萜品醇、苯並噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、異丙苯、環己醇、環己酮、環己基苯、十氫萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、茚烷、苯甲酸甲酯、NMP、對-異丙基甲苯、苯基乙基醚、1,4-二異丙基苯、二苄基醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單丁基醚、三丙二醇二甲基醚、四乙二醇二甲基醚、2-異丙基萘、戊基苯、己基苯、庚基苯、辛基苯、1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷或此等溶劑之混合物。
包含通式(1)化合物之裝置可以非常靈活的方式使用。因此(例如)包含一或多種通式(1)化合物之電致發光裝置可使用於電視、行動電話、電腦和相機之顯示器中。然而,該裝置也可使用於照明應用。此外,包含至少一種式(1)化合物之電致發光裝置(例如在OLED或OLEC中)可使用於醫學或美容中之光療法。因此,可治療許多疾病(牛皮癬、異位性皮炎、發炎、青春痘、皮膚癌、等等)或可防止或減少皮膚皺紋、皮膚變紅和皮膚老化。此外,可利用該發光裝置以便保持飲料、膳食或食物的新鮮或以便消
毒設備(例如醫療設備)。
本發明因此有關一種用於光療法之醫學中的電子裝置(較佳為有機電致發光裝置,非常佳地為OLED或OLEC及非常特佳地為OLED),其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物。
本發明此外較佳地有關一種用於皮膚疾病的光療法治療之電子裝置(較佳為有機電致發光裝置,非常佳地為OLED或OLEC及非常特佳地為OLED),其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物。
本發明此外非常佳地有關一種用於牛皮癬、異位性皮炎、炎症、白斑症、創傷癒合和皮膚癌之光療治療的電子裝置(較佳為有機電致發光裝置,非常佳地為OLED或OLEC及非常特佳地為OLED),其包含至少一種式(1)之化合物。
本發明此外有關包含至少一種式(1)之化合物的電子裝置(較佳為有機電致發光裝置,非常佳地為OLED或OLEC及非常特佳地為OLED)之用途,其係用於美容,較佳地用於青春痘、皮膚老化、和皮下脂肪團之治療。
根據本發明之化合物或根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置區別在於下列超越先前技術之令人驚訝的優點:
1.根據本發明之化合物非常適合使用於發光層,且相較於來自先前技術之化合物,呈現改良的性能數據。
2.根據本發明之化合物具有較低昇華溫度、高溫度穩定性且因此可在不分解及無殘餘物下昇華。此外,彼等
具有高氧化穩定性和高玻璃轉移溫度,其二者對於加工性(例如從溶液或從氣相)皆是有利的,且對於化合物用於電子裝置中的也有利的。
3.根據本發明之化合物使用於電子裝置(特別是用作電子傳輸或電子注入材料,但也作為基質材料),導致高效率、低操作電壓和長壽命。
應指出的是:本發明中所述實施態樣的變化落在本發明的範圍內。本發明中所揭示之各個特徵,除非明確排除在外,否則可以用作相同、同等或類似目的之替代特徵置換。因此,本發明中所揭示之各個特徵,除非另有說明,否則應視為通用系列之一個實例或作為等效或類似的特徵。
所有本發明之特徵可以任何方式彼此組合,除非某些特徵及/或步驟是互斥的。此特別適用於本發明的較佳特徵。同樣地,非必要組合的特徵可單獨使用(而不是組合)。
此外應指出:許多特徵且特別是本發明之較佳實施態樣的特徵為發明本身且不應僅被視為本發明之實施態樣的一部分。對於此等特徵,除了或替代目前主張的各項發明之外,可尋求獨立保護。
對於以本發明揭示之技術作用的教示可予以提取和結合其他的實例。
本發明係藉由下列實施例更詳細地說明,不希望因而限制本發明。
除非另外指出,否則在保護性氣體氛圍下於乾燥溶劑中進行下列合成。溶劑和試劑可購買自例如Sigma-ALDRICH或ABCR。在從文獻已知的化合物之方括號中的號碼係關於CAS號碼。
將28.9g(136mmol)的二苯並呋喃-4-硼酸、33g(124.1mmol)的2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三和78.9ml(158mmol)的Na2CO3(2M溶液)懸浮在120ml的甲苯、120ml的乙醇和100ml的水中。將2.6g(2.2mmol)的Pd(PPh3)4加到此懸浮液,並將反應混合物在回流下加熱16h。冷卻之後,將有機相分離,通過矽膠過濾,用200ml的水洗滌三次並隨後蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物從甲苯再結晶。產量為45g(112mmol),相當於理論的91%。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
將16g(41mmol)的2-二苯並呋喃-4-基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三最初與8mg的N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(NBS)(45mmol,1.1mol%)一起引入100ml的乾燥二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)。將反應混合物在120℃下加熱24h,並接著在真空中移除溶劑。藉由急驟層析法在矽膠上用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作為溶析液純化殘餘物。產量為14.6g(30mmol),相當於理論的75%。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
將70g(147mmol)的2-(8-溴二苯並呋喃-4-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三和35.7g(147mmol)的3-苯基-9H-咔唑在600ml的甲苯中之除氣溶液用N2飽和1h。然後,將首先2.09ml(8.6mmol)的P(tBu)3,接著1.38g(6.1mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)加至溶液,並隨後將17.7g(185mmol)的NaOtBu以固態加至溶液。將反應混合物在回流下加熱1h。冷卻至室溫之後,小心地加入500ml的水。將水相用
3×50ml的甲苯洗滌,經MgSO4乾燥,並在真空中移除溶劑。接著藉由管柱層析法在矽凝膠上用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20/1)將粗製產物純化。將殘餘物從甲苯再結晶且最後在高真空(p=5×10-6毫巴)中昇華。
產量為77.7g(121mmol),相當於理論的83%。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
將23g(110.0mmol)的二苯並呋喃-4-硼酸、29.5g(110.0mmol)的2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉和26g(210.0mmol)的碳酸鈉懸浮在500ml的乙二醇二胺醚和500ml的水中。將913mg(3.0mmol)的三-鄰甲苯基膦及接著112mg(0.5mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)加至此懸浮液。將反應混合物在回流下加熱16h。冷卻之後,將有機相分離出來,通過矽膠過濾,用200ml的水洗滌三次和隨後蒸發至乾。將殘餘
物從甲苯和從二氯甲烷/庚烷再結晶。產量為31g(85mmol),相當於理論的79%。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
將70.6g(190.0mmol)的2-二苯並呋喃-4-基-4-苯基喹唑啉懸浮於2000ml的乙酸(100%)和2000ml的硫酸(95-98%)中。將34g(190mmol)的NBS分批加至此懸浮液,並將混合物在黑暗中攪拌2小時。然後加入水/冰,及將固體分離出並用乙醇沖洗。將殘餘物從甲苯再結晶。產量為59g(130mmol),相當於理論的69%。在噻吩的情況下衍生物,採用硝基苯代替硫酸和採用元素溴代替NBS。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
將70g(147mmol)的2-(8-溴二苯並呋喃-4-基)-4-苯基喹唑啉和35.7g(147mmol)的3-苯基-9H-咔唑在600ml的甲苯中之除氣溶液用N2飽和1h。接著,先將2.09ml(8.6mmol)的P(tBu)3,接著將1.38g(6.1mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)加至該溶液,及隨後以固態添加17.7g(185mmol)的NaOtBu。將反應混合物在回流下加熱1h。冷卻至室溫之後,小心地加入500ml的水。將水相用50ml的甲苯洗滌3次,經MgSO4乾燥,並在真空中移除溶劑。接著藉由管柱層析法在矽凝膠上用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20/1)純化該粗製產物。將殘餘物從甲苯再結晶且最後在高真空(p=5×10-6毫巴)中昇華。產量為76g(119mmol),相當於理論的81%。
可類似地獲得下列化合物:
在下列實施例V1至E12中呈現各種OLED之數據(參見表1和2)。
實施例V1-E12之預處理:將已塗有厚度為50nm之結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)的玻璃板塗佈20nm之PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-伸乙基二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯),以CLEVIOSTM P VP AI 4083自德國Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH購得,藉由旋轉塗佈自水溶液施加)以改良處理。此等經塗覆玻璃板形成施加OLED之基板。
OLED原則上具有下列的層結構:基板/電洞傳輸層(HTL)/隨意間層(IL)/電子阻擋層(EBL)/發光層(EML)/隨意電洞阻擋層(HBL)/電子傳輸層(ETL)/隨意電子注入層(EIL)及最後陰極。陰極係由厚度為100nm之鋁層形成。OLED的精確結構顯示於表1中。製造OLED所需的材料顯示於表3中。
所有材料係在真空室內藉由熱氣相沈積施加。發光層在此總是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料)和發光摻雜劑(發光體)組成,該發光摻雜劑藉由共蒸發而與基質材料或基質材料等以某體積比例摻混。詞句諸如IC1:IC3:TEG1(55%:35%:10%)在此意指材料IC1係以55%之體積比例存在於層中,IC3係以35%之比例存在於層中,和TEG1係以10%之比例存在於層中。類似地,電子傳輸層亦可由二種材料之混合物所組成。
OLED係以標準方法示性。為此目的,測定電致發光光譜、電流效率(以cd/A測量)、功率效率(以lm/W測量)及假設Lambert發光特性,從電流/電壓/發光密度特徵線(IUL特徵線)計算以發光密度為函數之外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比測量)。電致發光光譜係在1000cd/m2之發光密度下測定,且由此計算CIE 1931 x與y色座標。表2中術語U1000表示1000cd/m2之發光密度所需之電壓。CE1000及PE1000分別表示在1000cd/m2下所達到之電流及功率效率。最後,EQE1000表示在1000cd/m2之操作發光密度下之外部量子效率。壽命LT係定義為發光密度在恆定電流下操作時自初始發光密度下降至某一比例L1之後的時間。L0;j0=4000cd/m2和L1=70%之詞句意指所指示之壽命對應於在初始發光密度自4000cd/m2降至2800cd/m2後的時間。類似地,L0;j0=20mA/cm2,L1=80%意指在於20mA/cm2操作時,在時間LT之後,發光密度降至其初始值之80%。
各種OLED之數據係總結於表2中。實施例V1-V5為根據先前技術之比較例,實施例E1至E12顯示根據本發明之OLED的數據。
在下文中更詳細地闡釋一些實施例以說明根據本發明之OLED的優點。
當用作磷光OLED中之基質材料,相較於先前技術,根據本發明之材料導致功率效率的顯著改良。能觀察到:相較於先前技術,根據本發明之化合物EG1和EG2與綠色-發光摻雜劑TEG1組合使用使功率效率能夠增加高達20%(實施例E1與V1之比較和E2與V2、V3、V4和V5之比較)。此外,本發明之化合物導致組件壽命的顯著改良。因此,相較於包含SdT4之先前技術V4,包含根據本發明之基質EG2的E2組件之壽命從125h改良至210h。(L0;j0=20mA/cm2,L1=80%)。
Claims (17)
- 一種通式(1)之化合物,
- 根據請求項1之化合物,其中Y為伸苯基橋。
- 一種組成物,其包含至少一種根據請求項1至7中任一項之化合物和至少一種選自由下列所組成群組之另外的化合物:螢光發光體、磷光發光體、主體材料、基質材料、電子傳輸材料、電子注入材料、電洞導體材料、電洞注入材料、電子阻擋材料和電洞阻擋材料。
- 根據請求項8之組成物,其中該另外的化合物為主體材料或基質材料。
- 根據請求項8或9之組成物,其中該 另外的化合物具有2.5eV或更高之能帶隙。
- 一種調配物,其包含至少一種根據請求項1至7中任一項之化合物或至少一種根據請求項8至10中任一項之組成物和至少一種溶劑。
- 一種至少一種根據請求項1至7中任一項之化合物之用途,其係用於電子裝置。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含至少一種根據請求項1至7中任一項之化合物或至少一種根據請求項8至10中任一項之組成物。
- 根據請求項13之電子裝置,其係選自有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機電致發光裝置、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學檢測器、有機感光器(photoreceptor)。
- 根據請求項13或14之電子裝置,其為亦選自由下列所組成之群組的有機電致發光裝置:有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機場淬滅裝置(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC、LEC、LEEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機發光二極體(OLED)。
- 一種製造根據請求項13至15中任一項之電子裝置之方法,其特徵在於以氣相沈積或從溶液施加至少一層有機層。
- 根據請求項15之電子裝置,其係用於光療法之醫學。
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JP7179813B2 (ja) | 2022-11-29 |
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CN106255687A (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
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US10355223B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
KR102434545B1 (ko) | 2022-08-19 |
US20170062736A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
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US20190372020A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
TW201605843A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
CN106255687B (zh) | 2020-06-05 |
CN111689949A (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
TWI689506B (zh) | 2020-04-01 |
JP6789825B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
US11963442B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
US20220059774A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
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