JP6940835B2 - 細胞の培養方法 - Google Patents
細胞の培養方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6940835B2 JP6940835B2 JP2016572120A JP2016572120A JP6940835B2 JP 6940835 B2 JP6940835 B2 JP 6940835B2 JP 2016572120 A JP2016572120 A JP 2016572120A JP 2016572120 A JP2016572120 A JP 2016572120A JP 6940835 B2 JP6940835 B2 JP 6940835B2
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Description
[1]浮遊培養による細胞の培養方法であって、
前記細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質(但し、ボツリヌス菌由来のヘマグルチニンを除く)を培地中に添加して浮遊培養し、前記細胞の細胞凝集を制御する凝集制御工程、及び、
前記凝集制御工程で得られた細胞の凝集体を、前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を含まない培地中で浮遊培養する工程を含み、
前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質が、(1)E−カドヘリン、(2)E−カドヘリンの細胞外領域とアミノ酸配列の同一性が90%以上であり、かつE−カドヘリンと同種親和性の結合能を有するタンパク質、及び、(3)E−カドヘリンの細胞外領域とアミノ酸配列の同一性が90%以上の領域を含み、かつE−カドヘリンと同種親和性の結合能を有する融合タンパク質の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする培養方法。
[2]前記凝集制御工程において、前記培地中に前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を10〜50μg/mlの濃度で含有するように添加することを特徴とする前記[1]記載の培養方法。
[3]前記細胞が、幹細胞または上皮細胞である前記[1]または[2]のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
[4]前記[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の培養方法で、細胞を培養することを特徴とする細胞の凝集体の製造方法。
本発明の培養方法に用いられる細胞接着分子を阻害する物質は、細胞の凝集性に関与する細胞接着分子を阻害することが可能なものであり、上記のとおり、細胞接着分子やその誘導体等が好ましく、E−カドヘリン、E−カドヘリンの一部の領域からなるタンパク質、E−カドヘリンの全部または一部の領域を含む融合タンパク質、E−カドヘリンの中和抗体、E−カドヘリンと結合するペプチド、及び、これらの誘導体の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることがより好ましい。
本発明の培養方法における凝集制御工程は、培養する細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を培地中に添加し、前記細胞の細胞凝集を制御する工程である。凝集制御工程は、容器内に所望の培地を入れ、その中に細胞と細胞接着分子を阻害する物質とを含有させ、静置もしくは撹拌等を行いながら浮遊培養すればよい。これによって、細胞表面に細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を作用させ、所望の凝集体の大きさになるように細胞間接着性を制御することができる。
撹拌を行う際の条件としては、例えば20〜150rpm程度の撹拌を行うことが好ましい。撹拌以外で栄養分や酸素を付与する方法としては培養液中に気体を含有させるバブリング方法や培養液を還流させる方法などが挙げられるまた、酸素を付与する方法としては、前述の方法以外に培養液中にヘモグロビンを含有させて効率的に酸素を供給する方法等が挙げられる。
マトリゲル水溶液(DMEMにて50倍で希釈)を未処理のティッシュカルチャー6ウェルプレート(Iwaki社製)に1mL/wellの量で加え、37℃で2時間インキュベートした。その後,コート剤を取り除き,ヒトiPS細胞培養プレートを準備した。
多能性幹細胞としてhiPS細胞(TkDN4−M、東京大学ステムセルバンク)を用いた。この細胞を準備した前記培養プレートに100,000〜400,000個/wellの密度で細胞を播種し、4日間培養した。培養液にはmTeSR1(Stemcell technologies社製)を用い,2mL/wellの培地量で培養した。その間、播種1日後を除き、毎日培地交換を行った。
細胞の剥離・回収にはトリプシン様酵素であるTrypLE select(Lifetechnologies社製)を用いた。培養液を取り除いた後、TrypLE selectを1mL/wellとなるように添加し、37℃で2〜5分インキュベートした。その後,TrypLE selectを取り除き、ROCK阻害剤であるY−27632を10μM含んだmTeSR1を2mL/wellで加え、1000μLマイクロピペットでピペッティングすることで細胞を剥離した。この回収した細胞懸濁液は、40μmのセルストレーナー(BD)を透過させ、細胞を単一細胞あるいは微小凝集体として回収し、浮遊懸濁培養への導入用細胞を得た。
E−カドヘリン−Fc融合タンパク質の発現と精製を、Nagaoka M, Akaike T., ProteinEng. 2003;16:243−245.に準拠して行った。本実施例において、マウスのE−カドヘリン全長(理研 BRC DNAバンク、コード1184)から得た細胞外ドメインcDNAと、変異導入IgG1−Fcドメイン cDNA (T252M/T254S)をライゲーションし、E−cad−Fc融合タンパク質を発現させた。
下記実施例及び比較例では、培養期間中の細胞の凝集体の形態及び大きさは位相差顕微鏡(製品名:DM IRB、LEICA社製)を用いて観察及び測定した。
[実施例1−1]
低細胞接着処理を施した12ウェルプレートにmTeSR1を1mL/mlを加え、その中にあらかじめ用意したhiPS細胞(2×105cells/ml)と、hiPS細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質としてE−カドヘリン−Fc(5μg/ml)とを同時に入れ、90〜120rpmの速度で48時間旋回培養した。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは300〜700μmの範囲であった。次いで培地交換を行いE−カドヘリン−Fcを添加しない以外は前記と同条件で3日間培養し凝集体を得た。この凝集体の大きさは500〜1000μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を10μg/mlとした以外は全て実施例1と同様にして凝集体を得た。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは200〜400μmの範囲であり、培地交換を行いE−カドヘリン−Fcを添加しないで3日間培養した時の凝集体の大きさは300〜1000μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を20μg/mlとした以外は全て実施例1と同様にして凝集体を得た。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは100〜500μmの範囲であり、培地交換を行いE−カドヘリン−Fcを添加しないで3日間培養した時の凝集体の大きさは300〜600μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を50μg/mlとした以外は全て実施例1と同様にして凝集体を得た。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは100〜300μmの範囲であり、培地交換を行いE−カドヘリン−Fcを添加しないで3日間培養した時の凝集体の大きさは300〜600μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を100μg/mlとした以外は全て実施例1と同様にして凝集体を得た。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは150〜700μmの範囲であり、培地交換を行いE−カドヘリン−Fcを添加しないで3日間培養した時の凝集体の大きさは300〜1000μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcを用いなかった以外は全て実施例1と同様にして凝集体を得た。E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理後48時間経過時の凝集体の大きさは1000〜3000μmの範囲、3日間培養した時の凝集体の大きさもまた1000〜3000μmの範囲であった。
実施例1−1〜1−5及び比較例1−1において、培養2日目(48時間E−カドヘリン−Fcで処理)における細胞の凝集体の形態を位相差顕微鏡(製品名:DM IRB、LEICA社製)を用いて観察した。得られた顕微鏡写真を図2(A)〜(F)に示す。図2(A)〜(F)から、比較例1−1(E−カドヘリン−Fc濃度=0μg/ml)で得られた凝集体に比べ、実施例1−1〜1−5(それぞれE−カドヘリン−Fc濃度=5、10、20、50、100μg/ml)で得られた凝集体は大きさが制御されていることが分かる。特にE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を10〜50μg/mlの範囲としたものは、過剰凝集が抑制され、単純な旋回培養であっても均一な凝集体形成を達成させる効果も得られていることが分かる。
全培養期間中、培地交換の際に培養液を300μL採取し、酵素電極式バイオアナライザー(YSI2950)を用いてのグルコース濃度を解析し、グルコース消費量変化を求めた。その結果を図3に示す。
培養終了後、細胞はTrypLE selectを用いて単一細胞に分散した後、トリパンブルー(Lifetechnologies社製)およびエオジノフィルカウンター(タタイ社製)を用いて生細胞数を計数した。その結果を図4に示す。
[実施例2−1]
低細胞接着処理を施した12ウェルプレートにmTeSR1を1mL加え、その中にあらかじめ用意したhiPS細胞(TkDN4−M、東京大学ステムセルバンク)(5×105cells/ml)と、hiPS細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質としてリコンビナントE−カドヘリン(LD Biopharma社製hRP−0339)(10μg/ml)とを同時に入れ、90rpmの速度で1日旋回培養した。
実施例2−1において、hiPS細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質をE−カドヘリンの中和抗体(ミリポア社製のE−カドヘリン抗体、MAB3199Z)(16μg/ml)に変えた以外は全て実施例2−1と同様にして凝集体を得た。
実施例2−1において、hiPS細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質をE−カドヘリン−Fc(10μg/ml)に変えた以外は全て実施例2−1と同様にして凝集体を得た。
実施例2−1においてリコンビナントE−カドヘリンを用いなかった以外は全て実施例2−1と同様にして凝集体を得た。
実施例2−1、参考例2−2、実施例2−3及び比較例2−1における細胞の凝集体の形態を位相差顕微鏡(製品名:DM IRB、LEICA社製)を用いて観察した。得られた顕微鏡写真を図5(A)〜(D)に示す。図5(A)〜(D)から、比較例2−1(細胞接着分子を阻害する物質の添加なし)で得られた凝集体に比べ、リコンビナントE−カドヘリン、E−カドヘリンの中和抗体及びE−カドヘリン−Fcはいずれも凝集体の径を均一に調整できることが分かる。また、E−カドヘリン−Fcは、リコンビナントE−カドヘリン及びE−カドヘリンの中和抗体と比べ、凝集体が大きくかつその形状が均一であることから、リコンビナントE−カドヘリン及びE−カドヘリンの中和抗体よりも48時間後の全ての凝集体の径を20μm以上1mm未満の範囲で大きくすることができ、多くの細胞が得られることが推測される。
[実施例3−1]
低細胞接着処理を施した12ウェルプレートにEssential8を1mL加え、その中にあらかじめ用意したhiPS細胞(TkDN4−M、東京大学ステムセルバンク)(2×105cells/ml)と、hiPS細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質としてE−カドヘリン−Fc(50μg/ml)とを同時に入れ、100rpmの速度で5日間旋回培養した。尚、培養2日目以降(培養開始から48時間経過後)は、E−カドヘリン−Fcを添加していない培地で毎日培地交換を行った。
実施例3−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcの濃度を100μg/mlとした以外は全て実施例3−1と同様にして凝集体を得た。
実施例3−1においてE−カドヘリン−Fcを用いなかった以外は全て実施例3−1と同様にして凝集体を得た。
実施例3−1、3−2及び比較例3−1において、培養2日目及び5日目における細胞の凝集体の形態を位相差顕微鏡(製品名:DM IRB、LEICA社製)を用いて観察した。得られた顕微鏡写真を図6、7に示す。図6、7に示す結果から、Essential8を培地として用いた場合にも、凝集体の大きさを制御できることがわかる。E−カドヘリン−Fcを添加した場合、培養5日目は、凝集体サイズが培養2日目よりも成長しており、その直径は500μm前後で制御されている。
ここで、培地としてmTeSR1を用いた実施例1−1〜1−5(図2)を考慮すると、培地としてタンパク質含有量が多いmTeSR1(タンパク質含有量約18mg/ml)を用いた場合、タンパク質含有量が少ない培地であるEssential8(タンパク質含有量約9μg/ml)を用いた場合と比較して、細胞接着分子を阻害する物質の量が少なくても同等の効果が得られることが分かる。これは、タンパク質含有量が少ない培地を用いた場合、細胞接着分子を阻害する物質が目的の細胞膜カドヘリンをブロックする前に他の細胞膜や培養基材に吸着したことが推察される。
実施例3−1、3−2及び比較例3−1について、上記と同様にグルコース消費量及び細胞数を測定した結果(図8及び図9)、E−cad−Fcの添加によってグルコース消費量及び細胞数のいずれにおいても優れた効果が示されることを確認した。
Claims (4)
- 浮遊培養による細胞の培養方法であって、
前記細胞の細胞接着分子を阻害する物質(但し、ボツリヌス菌由来のヘマグルチニンを除く)を培地中に添加して浮遊培養し、前記細胞の細胞凝集を制御する凝集制御工程、及び、
前記凝集制御工程で得られた細胞の凝集体を、前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を含まない培地中で浮遊培養する工程を含み、
前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質が、(1)E−カドヘリン、(2)E−カドヘリンの細胞外領域とアミノ酸配列の同一性が90%以上であり、かつE−カドヘリンと同種親和性の結合能を有するタンパク質、及び、(3)E−カドヘリンの細胞外領域とアミノ酸配列の同一性が90%以上の領域を含み、かつE−カドヘリンと同種親和性の結合能を有する融合タンパク質の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする培養方法。 - 前記凝集制御工程において、前記培地中に前記細胞接着分子を阻害する物質を10〜50μg/mlの濃度で含有するように添加することを特徴とする請求項1記載の培養方法。
- 前記細胞が、幹細胞または上皮細胞である請求項1または2記載の培養方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の培養方法で、細胞を培養することを特徴とする細胞の凝集体の製造方法。
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