JP6767362B2 - リンパ球における阻害経路の中和 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2014年9月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/050,948号明細書、2014年11月25日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/083,929号明細書および2014年12月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/093,141号明細書の利益を主張し、これらは全て、あらゆる図面を含むその全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
本出願は、電子フォーマットの配列表と一緒に出願されている。この配列表は、サイズが38KBである「NKG2A−PD1_ST25」という標題のファイル(2015年9月15日に作成した)で提供されている。この配列表の電子フォーマット中の情報は、その全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
a)がんを有する個体内での悪性細胞のHLA−Eポリペプチド状態を判定すること、および
b)悪性細胞(例えば腫瘍細胞)により(例えば悪性細胞の表面上で)HLA−Eポリペプチドが顕著に発現されているとの判定時に、ヒトNKG2Aポリペプチドの阻害活性を中和する化合物とヒトPD−1ポリペプチドを阻害する薬剤とを個体に投与すること
を含む。
a)がんを有する個体内での悪性細胞(例えば腫瘍細胞)のHLA−Eポリペプチド状態およびPD−L1ポリペプチド状態を判定すること、ならびに
b)悪性細胞の表面上でHLA−EポリペプチドおよびPD−L1ポリペプチドが顕著に発現されているとの判定時に、ヒトNKG2Aポリペプチドの阻害活性を中和する化合物とヒトPD−1ポリペプチドを阻害する薬剤とを個体に投与すること
を含む。
a)生物学的サンプル中におけるNKリンパ球および/またはCD8Tリンパ球のNKG2Aポリペプチド状態およびPD−1ポリペプチド状態を判定することを含み、
b)相当な割合のリンパ球の表面上でNKG2AポリペプチドおよびPD−1ポリペプチドが発現されているとの判定は、リンパ球がNKG2A阻害PD−1発現リンパ球であることを示す、
方法である。任意選択で、このリンパ球は腫瘍浸潤リンパ球である。任意選択で、この生物学的サンプルは、腫瘍組織および/または腫瘍隣接組織を含むサンプルである。
a)個体からの腫瘍浸潤リンパ球のNKG2Aポリペプチド状態およびPD−1ポリペプチド状態を判定することを含み、
b)個体からの相当な割合の腫瘍浸潤リンパ球の表面上で、任意選択で予め定義されたサブセットのTIL(例えば、CD8T細胞、NK細胞)の表面上で、NKG2AポリペプチドおよびPD−1ポリペプチドが発現されているとの判定は、この個体には、ヒトNKG2Aポリペプチドの阻害活性を中和する化合物とヒトPD−1ポリペプチドを阻害する薬剤とによる処置が適していることを示す、
方法である。
a)個体からの腫瘍浸潤リンパ球のNKG2Aポリペプチド状態およびPD−1ポリペプチド状態を判定すること、ならびに
b)個体からの相当な割合の腫瘍浸潤リンパ球の表面上で、任意選択で予め定義されたサブセットのTIL(例えば、CD8T細胞、NK細胞)の表面上で、NKG2AポリペプチドおよびPD−1ポリペプチドが発現されているとの判定時に、ヒトNKG2Aポリペプチドの阻害活性を中和する化合物とヒトPD−1ポリペプチドを阻害する薬剤とを含む治療レジメンを個体に施すこと
を含む方法である。
本明細書で使用する場合、「a」または「an」は1または複数を意味することができる。特許請求の範囲で使用する場合、単語「含む」と共に使用する際には単語「a」または「an」は1以上を意味することができる。本明細書で使用する場合、「別の」は少なくとも2番目またはより以降を意味することができる。
抗NKG2A薬剤はヒトCD94/NKG2Aレセプターの細胞外部分に結合し、CD94/NKG2A陽性リンパ球の表面上で発現されたヒトCD94/NKG2Aレセプターの阻害活性を低下させる。一実施形態では、この薬剤は、CD94/NKG2Aへの結合においてHLA−Eと競合する。即ち、この薬剤は、CD94/NKG2AとこのCD94/NKG2AのリガンドHLA−Eとの相互作用を遮断する。別の実施形態では、この薬剤は、CD94/NKG2Aへの結合においてHLA−Eと競合しない。即ち、この薬剤は、HLA−Eと同時にCD94/NKG2Aに結合することができる。この抗体は、CD94上およびNKG2A上の複合エピトープまたはならびにNKG2A上のエピトープのみに結合することができる。
現在、PD−1/PD−L1経路を遮断する少なくとも6種の薬剤が存在しており、これらの薬剤は市販されている、または臨床評価中である。一例の薬剤は、BMS−936558(Nivolumab/ONO−4538、Bristol−Myers Squibb;以前はMDX−1106)である。Nivolumab(商品名Opdivo(登録商標))は、PD−1およびCD80の両方へのPD−L1リガンドの結合を阻害し、国際公開第2006/121168号パンレフット(この開示は参照により本明細書に援用される)において抗体5C4として説明されている、FDAにより承認された完全ヒトIgG4抗PD−L1mAbである。黒色腫患者の場合では3mg/kgの用量で最も有意なORが観測されたが、その他のがんの種類の場合では10mg/kgで最も有意なORが観測された。Nivolumaは一般に、がんの進行まで3週毎に10mg/kgで投与される。
抗NKG2A薬剤または抗PD−1薬剤または抗PD−L1薬剤、例えば抗体は、1mg/ml〜500mg/mlの濃度で含む医薬製剤に組み込まれ得、前記製剤のpHは2.0〜10.0である。この製剤は、緩衝系、防腐剤、等張化剤、キレート剤、安定剤および界面活性剤を更に含むことができる。一実施形態では、この医薬製剤は水性製剤であり、即ち水を含む製剤である。そのような製剤は概して、溶液または懸濁液である。更なる実施形態では、この医薬製剤は水溶液である。用語「水性製剤」は、少なくとも50重量/重量%の水を含む製剤と定義される。同様に、用語「水溶液」は、少なくとも50重量/重量%の水を含む溶液と定義され、用語「水性懸濁液」は、少なくとも50重量/重量%の水を含む懸濁液と定義される。
(a)配列番号4〜8のいずれかに記載の配列を有する重鎖のCDR1ドメイン、CDR2ドメインおよびCDR3ドメインと、配列番号9に記載の配列を有する軽鎖のCDR1ドメイン、CDR2ドメインおよびCDR3ドメインとを含む、ある用量の抗NKG2A抗体、
(b)ある用量の抗PD−1抗体または抗PD−L1抗体、ならびに
(c)任意選択で、本明細書で説明する方法のいずれかで抗NKG2A抗体と抗PD−1抗体とを使用するための使用説明書
を含むキットを提供する。
説明されているのは、個体のがんの診断、予後予測、モニタリング、処置および予防で有用な方法である。本明細書で説明する処置のレジメンおよび方法は固形腫瘍の処置に特に有用であるが、本明細書で説明する処置のレジメンおよび方法を、様々な血液がんならびに感染性疾患および炎症および自己免疫障害に使用することもできる。本発明の方法および組成物は例えば様々ながんおよびその他の増殖性疾患の処置に用いられ、その他の増殖性疾患として下記が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない:癌腫、例えば、膀胱、乳房、結腸、腎臓、肝臓、肺、卵巣、前立腺、膵臓、胃、頸部、甲状腺および皮膚の癌腫;リンパ系の造血器腫瘍、例えば、白血病、急性リンパ球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、有毛細胞リンパ腫およびバーキットリンパ腫および多発性骨髄腫;骨髄系の造血器腫瘍、例えば、急性および慢性の骨髄性白血病、前骨髄球性白血病および骨髄異形成症候群;間葉系起源の腫瘍、例えば線維肉腫および横紋筋肉腫(rhabdomyoscarcoma);その他の腫瘍、例えば、黒色腫、精上皮腫、奇形癌腫、神経芽細胞腫および神経膠腫;中枢神経系および末梢神経系の腫瘍、例えば、星状細胞腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経膠腫およびシュワン腫;間葉系起源の腫瘍、例えば、線維肉腫、横紋筋肉腫(rhabdomyoscarcoma)および骨肉腫;ならびにその他の腫瘍、例えば黒色腫、色素性乾皮症、角化棘細胞腫、精上皮腫および甲状腺濾胞がん。
(a)1〜10mg/kgの抗NKG2A抗体、および(i)1〜10mg/kgの抗PD−1抗体もしくは(ii)1〜20mg/kgの抗PD−L1抗体、
(b)4、6、8もしくは10mg/kgの抗NKG2A抗体、および10mg/kgの抗PD−1抗体もしくは抗PD−L1抗体、
(c)4、6、8もしくは10mg/kgの抗NKG2A抗体、および3mg/kgの抗PD−1抗体、または
(d)4、6、8もしくは10mg/kgの抗NKG2A抗体、および2mg/kgの抗PD−1抗体。
リンパ球は概して、NKG2AおよびPD−1を同時発現しないことが分かっている。腫瘍浸潤リンパ球上でのこれらのレセプターの発現を調べるために、NKG2AおよびPD−1の分布を、マウスからの腫瘍中におけるNK細胞およびT細胞のサブセットで研究した。脾臓から、腫瘍所属リンパ節から、および固形腫瘍内からリンパ球を採取した。
レセプターNKG2AおよびPD−1の発現を更に調べるために、NKG2AおよびPD−1の分布を、マウス中におけるNK細胞およびT細胞のサブセットで研究した。脾臓から、腫瘍所属リンパ節から、および固形腫瘍内からリンパ球を採取した。
腫瘍担持マウス中におけるNKG2AおよびPD−1の発現を更に調べるために、C57/BL6マウスに様々な腫瘍細胞、即ちRMA−Rae1、MC38またはRMA株のいずれかを生着させた(sc)。腫瘍体積の影響を評価するために、マウスの腫瘍が500、2000および800mm3の体積にそれぞれ達した場合にマウスを屠殺した。
抗PD−1抗体による処置のCD8T細胞への効果を評価するために、細胞の生着から11日後、14日後および17日後に、MC38腫瘍担持マウスを、200μgのラットIgG2アイソタイプコントロール(IC)または中和抗マウスPD−1モノクローナル抗体のいずれかで処置した。マウス(n=3/群)を31日目に屠殺し、脾臓中において、腫瘍所属リンパ節(LN)中においておよび腫瘍中においてフローサイトメトリーによりCD8T細胞をキャラクタライズした。CD8T細胞におけるCD8NKG2A+の割合の平均+/−SD(n=3)を表す。P<0.005(***)、P<0.0005(****)、統計的分析を、Two way ANOVA後のTukeyの多重比較検定で実施した。
中和抗PD1抗体および中和抗NKG2A抗体による組合せ処置の効果を評価するために、C57BL/6マウスにRMA−S Qa−1 Qdm B2m腫瘍細胞を生着させ(sc)、中和抗PD1剤(中和抗PD−L1抗体)および中和抗NKG2A抗体で処置した。
Claims (22)
- ヒト患者のがんの処置で使用するための、ヒトNKG2Aの阻害活性を中和する薬剤であって、抗NKG2A抗体および抗PD−L1抗体を含み、前記処置は、(a)前記抗NKG2A抗体および(b)抗PD−L1抗体それぞれの有効量を前記患者に投与することを含む、薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体の少なくとも2回の用量を、この抗体の投与後に少なくとも1週間にわたり少なくとも10μg/mlの抗NKG2A抗体の連続血中濃度を達成するのに有効な量で投与する、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 前記処置が少なくとも1回の投与サイクルを含み、前記サイクルは8週の期間であり、各サイクルに関して、前記抗NKG2A抗体の2回、3回または4回の用量を投与し、前記抗PD−L1抗体の2回、3回または4回の用量を投与する、請求項1または2に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体と前記抗PD−L1抗体とが別々の投与用に製剤化されており、これらの抗体を同時にまたは順次に投与する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体と前記抗PD−L1抗体とが単一製剤での同時投与用に製剤化されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体と前記抗PD−L1抗体とが同日での同時投与用に製剤化されている、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記がんが固形腫瘍である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記がんが血液腫瘍である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記がんが、肺がん、腎細胞癌(RCC)、黒色腫、結腸直腸がんおよび卵巣がんからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の薬剤。
- 前記がんがHLA−E発現がんである、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体が、配列番号4〜8のいずれか1つに記載の配列を有する重鎖のCDR1ドメイン、CDR2ドメインおよびCDR3ドメインと、配列番号9に記載の配列を有する軽鎖のCDR1ドメイン、CDR2ドメインおよびCDR3ドメインとを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗PD−L1抗体がPD−L1ポリペプチドに結合する抗体である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗体がキメラ抗体、ヒト抗体またはヒト化抗体である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗NKG2A抗体が非枯渇性抗体である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗PD−L1抗体が非枯渇性抗体である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗体がIgG4抗体である、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗体がFcドメインを欠失している、またはFcドメインとFcγレセプターとの間の結合を低減するように改変されているFcドメインを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗体が前記抗体の抗原結合断片である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記抗体の抗原結合断片が、Fab、Fab’、Fab’−SH、F(ab’)2、Fv、ダイアボディ、単鎖抗体断片または複数種の異なる抗体断片を含む多重特異性抗体から選択される、請求項18に記載の薬剤。
- 抗NKG2A抗体と、抗PD−L1抗体と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、がんの処置のための医薬組成物。
- (a)ある用量の、抗NKG2A抗体と、(b)ある用量の、抗PD−L1抗体とを含む、がんの処置のためのキット。
- (a)抗NKG2A抗体の有効量を含む単回用量の医薬組成物の複数のパッケージと、(b)抗PD−L1抗体の有効量を含む単回用量の医薬組成物の複数のパッケージとを含む、がんの処置のためのキット。
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