JP6704350B2 - 懸濁重合用分散安定剤及びビニル系樹脂の製造方法 - Google Patents
懸濁重合用分散安定剤及びビニル系樹脂の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6704350B2 JP6704350B2 JP2016559086A JP2016559086A JP6704350B2 JP 6704350 B2 JP6704350 B2 JP 6704350B2 JP 2016559086 A JP2016559086 A JP 2016559086A JP 2016559086 A JP2016559086 A JP 2016559086A JP 6704350 B2 JP6704350 B2 JP 6704350B2
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- vinyl
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- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C=C SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002954 polymerization reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAYRWMCIKCRHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CCCS(O)(=O)=O AAYRWMCIKCRHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIGUVTURIMRFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dioxidophosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][PH2]=O SIGUVTURIMRFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
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- C08F2/30—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents non-ionic
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
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Description
[1]濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(a1)が0.25未満、前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(a2)が0.030未満、けん化度が68モル%以上98モル%以下、粘度平均重合度が1500超4500未満、かつ粉末形状でのYI値が5以上であるビニルアルコール系重合体(A)を含有する懸濁重合用分散安定剤;
[2]さらに、濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(b1)が0.25以上、前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(b2)が0.030以上、けん化度が65モル%以上82モル%以下、かつ粘度平均重合度が500以上1500以下であるビニルアルコール系重合体(B)を含有する[1]に記載の懸濁重合用分散安定剤;
[3]ビニルアルコール系重合体(A)およびビニルアルコール系重合体(B)の質量比(A/B)が6/94以上60/40以下である[2]に記載の懸濁重合用分散安定剤;
[4][1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の懸濁重合用分散安定剤を用いて水性媒体中でビニル系単量体を懸濁重合するビニル系樹脂の製造方法;
[5]懸濁重合に使用するビニル系単量体と水性媒体との質量比(ビニル系単量体/水性媒体)が0.75以上である[4]に記載のビニル系樹脂の製造方法;
[6]ビニル系単量体が塩化ビニルである[4]または[5]に記載のビニル系樹脂の製造方法;
に関する。
本発明の懸濁重合用分散安定剤は、濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(a1)が0.25未満、前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(a2)が0.030未満、けん化度が68モル%以上98モル%以下、粘度平均重合度が1500超4500未満、かつ粉末形状でのYI値が5以上であるビニルアルコール系重合体(A)を含有するものである。
本発明で用いられるPVA(A)は、濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(a1)が0.25未満であり、かつ前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(a2)が0.030未満である。上記吸光度(a1)は0.20以下が好ましく、0.15以下がより好ましい。上記吸光度(a2)は0.020以下が好ましく、0.015以下がより好ましい。上記吸光度(a1)が0.25以上、または(a2)が0.030以上の場合、PVA自体が熱劣化していて、十分な性能が得られないおそれがある。
本発明では、濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(b1)が0.25以上、かつ前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(b2)が0.030以上であるPVA(B)を、PVA(A)と併用して使用することが好ましい。本発明の分散安定剤は、さらに、PVA(B)を含有することが好ましい。上記吸光度(b1)は0.30以上がより好ましく、0.40以上がさらに好ましい。また、上記吸光度(b2)は0.050以上がより好ましく、0.15以上がさらに好ましい。吸光度(b1)が0.25未満、または(b2)が0.030未満である場合、懸濁重合の初期段階でPVA(B)のビニル系単量体への吸着力が足りないことに起因して、得られるビニル系樹脂粒子が粗粒化するため、かさ比重が低下するおそれがある。
PVA(A)、PVA(B)以外に、本発明の趣旨を損なわない範囲で、その他の各種添加剤を添加してもよい。上記添加剤としては、例えば、得られるビニル系樹脂の可塑剤吸収性を高めるために用いられる低けん化度PVA等の水性媒体中で懸濁重合する際に通常使用されるPVA;メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなどの水溶性セルロースエーテル;ゼラチンなどの水溶性ポリマー;ソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタントリオレート、グリセリントリステアレート、エチレンオキシドプロピレンオキシドブロックコポリマーなどの油溶性乳化剤;ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレングリセリンオレート、ラウリン酸ナトリウムなどの水溶性乳化剤;アルデヒド類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、メルカプタン類などの重合調節剤;フェノール化合物、イオウ化合物、N−オキサイド化合物などの重合禁止剤;pH調整剤;架橋剤;防腐剤;防黴剤、;ブロッキング防止剤、;消泡剤が挙げられる。その添加量については特に制限は無いが、ビニル系単量体100質量部に対して1.0質量部以下が好ましい。
前記分散安定剤を用いて水性媒体中でビニル系単量体を懸濁重合するビニル系樹脂の製造方法が本発明の好適な実施態様である。本発明のビニル系樹脂の製造方法で用いられるビニル系単量体としては、塩化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のビニルエステル;アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、これらのエステルおよび塩;マレイン酸、フマル酸、これらのエステルおよび無水物;スチレン;アクリロニトリル;塩化ビニリデン;ビニルエーテル等が挙げられる。これらのビニル系単量体の中でも、特に塩化ビニルが好ましい。本発明の製造方法は、塩化ビニルを単独で、または塩化ビニルおよび塩化ビニルと共重合することが可能な単量体を共に懸濁重合する際に特に好適に用いられる。塩化ビニルと共重合することができる単量体としては、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチルなどの(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;エチレン、プロピレンなどのα−オレフィン;無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸などの不飽和ジカルボン酸類;アクリロニトリル;スチレン;塩化ビニリデン;ビニルエーテル等が挙げられる。
PVAの粘度平均重合度は、PVAを実質的に完全にけん化した後、アセチル化してビニルエステル系重合体とした後、アセトン溶液中の極限粘度の測定から中島の式(中島章夫:高分子化学6(1949))を用いて算出した。
PVAのけん化度は、JIS K6726(1994)記載の方法で求めた。
0.1質量%のPVA水溶液を調整し島津製作所社製吸光光度計「UV2100」を用いて波長280nmおよび320nmの吸光度(光路長10mm)を測定した。
PVAの色相:スガ試験機製カラーメーター「SM−T−H1」にて粉体測定用セルを用いて測定した。
PVA(A1)の製造
酢酸ビニル(以下、VAcと略すことがある)1400部、メタノール600部を重合缶に仕込み、窒素置換後加熱して沸点まで昇温させた後、VAcに対して0.05%のアゾビスイソブチロニトリル、メタノール10部を加え重合を行った。重合率が40%となったところで重合を停止し、減圧下、メタノールを添加しながら残存するVAcをメタノールとともに系外に追い出し、ポリビニルアセテート(以下PVAcと略す)のメタノール溶液(濃度40%)を得た。次いで、PVAc濃度30%、温度40℃のメタノール溶液中で、PVAcに対してモル比0.0047の割合で水酸化ナトリウムをけん化触媒として用いてけん化反応を開始した。23分後ゲル化したため、一旦内容物を取り出した後、ミキサーを用いて粉砕し、再度40℃に戻し、40℃での反応時間が計1時間となるように反応させた。反応終了後、減圧下乾燥を行いメタノールを除去したのち、常圧、空気雰囲気下、80℃で1時間、次いで90℃で1時間、さらに120℃で4時間熱処理を行い、PVA(A1)を得た。PVA(A1)の粘度平均重合度は1550、けん化度は80モル%、濃度0.1%水溶液の波長280nmにおける吸光度(a1)及び320nmにおける吸光度(a2)はそれぞれ0.008、0.004、YIの値は41であった。
酢酸ビニルおよびメタノールの仕込み量、重合時に使用する開始剤使用量、目標重合率等の重合条件、水酸化ナトリウムの量等のけん化条件、時間や温度等の熱処理条件を変更したこと以外は、PVA(A1)と同様にして表1に示すPVA(A2〜A7、A9、A12〜A14)を製造した。
特開平8−283313号公報に記載方法と同様にして、重合時にアセトアルデヒドを連鎖移動剤として用い、その使用量によって重合度をコントロールしたこと、酢酸ビニルおよびメタノールの仕込み量、重合時に使用する開始剤使用量、目標重合率等の重合条件、水酸化ナトリウムの量等のけん化条件、時間や温度等の熱処理条件を変更したこと以外は、PVA(A1)と同様にして表1に示すPVA(A8、A10)を製造した。
PVA(A1)の製造工程において、熱処理を行わずに得たものがPVA(A11)である。熱処理を行わなかったこと以外はPVA(A1)と同様にしてPVA(A11)を得た。
特開平8−283313号公報に記載方法と同様にして、重合時に用いるアセトアルデヒドの使用量、酢酸ビニルおよびメタノールの仕込み量、重合時に使用する開始剤使用量、目標重合率等の重合条件、水酸化ナトリウムの量等のけん化条件、時間や温度等の熱処理条件を変更したこと以外は、PVA(A8)と同様にして表1に示すPVA(B1〜B3)を製造した。
容量5Lのオートクレーブに塩化ビニルに対して880ppmとなる量のPVA(A1)が溶解した脱イオン水溶液を100部仕込み、さらに脱イオン水の合計が1200部となるように脱イオン水を追加して仕込んだ。次いで、クミルパーオキシネオデカノエートの70%トルエン溶液0.65部およびt−ブチルパーオキシネオドデカネートの70%トルエン溶液1.05部をオートクレーブに仕込んだ。オートクレーブ内に圧力0.2MPaとなるように窒素を導入し、その後窒素のパージを行う操作を計5回行い、オートクレーブ内を十分に窒素置換して酸素を除いた後、塩化ビニル940部を仕込んだ。オートクレーブ内の内容物を57℃に昇温して撹拌下で塩化ビニル単量体の重合を開始した。重合開始時におけるオートクレーブ内の圧力は0.80MPaであった。重合を開始してから約3.5時間経過後、オートクレーブ内の圧力が0.70MPaとなった時点で重合を停止し、未反応の塩化ビニル単量体を除去した後、重合反応物を取り出し、65℃にて16時間乾燥を行い、塩化ビニル樹脂粒子を得た。以下に示す方法で得られた粒子を評価した。
得られた塩化ビニル樹脂粒子について、(1)平均粒子径、(2)粒度分布、(3)かさ比重を以下の方法にしたがって評価した。評価結果を表2に示す。
タイラーメッシュ基準の金網を使用して、JIS Z8815に記載の乾式篩法により粒度分布を測定した。その結果からRosin−Rammlerプロットを用いて平均粒子径を算出した。評価結果を表2に示す。
得られた塩化ビニル樹脂粒子中の、JIS標準篩い42メッシュオンの樹脂粒子の含有量を質量%で表示した。評価結果を表2に示す。
A:0.5%未満
B:0.5%以上1%未満
C:1%以上
得られた塩化ビニル樹脂粒子中の、JIS標準篩い60メッシュオンの樹脂粒子の含有量を質量%で表示した。
A:5%未満
B:5%以上10%未満
C:10%以上
なお、42メッシュオンの樹脂粒子の含有量および60メッシュオンの樹脂粒子の含有量はともに、値が小さいほど粗大粒子が少なくて粒度分布がシャープであり、重合安定性に優れていることを示している。
JIS K6721に従って塩化ビニル樹脂のかさ比重を測定した。評価結果を表2に示す。
PVA(A1)の脱イオン水溶液の代わりに、PVA(A1)(塩化ビニルに対して240ppm)とPVA(B1)(塩化ビニルに対して640ppm)とが溶解した脱イオン水溶液を用いたこと以外は比較例7と同様にして塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を行い、塩化ビニル樹脂粒子を得た。塩化ビニル樹脂粒子の評価結果を表2に示す。
PVA(A)、PVA(B)の種類および使用量を表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を行い、塩化ビニル樹脂粒子を得た。塩化ビニル樹脂粒子の評価結果を表2に示す。
使用するPVA(A)、PVA(B)の種類および使用量を表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を行い、塩化ビニル樹脂粒子を得た。塩化ビニル樹脂粒子の評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (4)
- 濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(a1)が0.25未満、前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(a2)が0.030未満、けん化度が68モル%以上98モル%以下、粘度平均重合度が1500超4500未満、かつ粉末形状でのYI値が5以上であるビニルアルコール系重合体(A)、及び
濃度0.1質量%水溶液の波長280nmでの吸光度(b1)が0.25以上、前記水溶液の波長320nmでの吸光度(b2)が0.030以上、けん化度が65モル%以上82モル%以下、かつ粘度平均重合度が500以上1500以下であるビニルアルコール系重合体(B)を含有し、
ビニルアルコール系重合体(A)およびビニルアルコール系重合体(B)の質量比(A/B)が6/94以上60/40以下である懸濁重合用分散安定剤。 - 請求項1に記載の懸濁重合用分散安定剤を用いて水性媒体中でビニル系単量体を懸濁重合するビニル系樹脂の製造方法。
- ビニル系単量体と水性媒体との質量比(ビニル系単量体/水性媒体)が0.75以上である請求項2に記載のビニル系樹脂の製造方法。
- ビニル系単量体が塩化ビニルである請求項2または3に記載のビニル系樹脂の製造方法。
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