JP2016006956A - 撮像素子、電子機器、撮像素子の駆動方法及び電子機器の駆動方法 - Google Patents
撮像素子、電子機器、撮像素子の駆動方法及び電子機器の駆動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016006956A JP2016006956A JP2015107037A JP2015107037A JP2016006956A JP 2016006956 A JP2016006956 A JP 2016006956A JP 2015107037 A JP2015107037 A JP 2015107037A JP 2015107037 A JP2015107037 A JP 2015107037A JP 2016006956 A JP2016006956 A JP 2016006956A
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Classifications
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1222—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H01L27/1225—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer with semiconductor materials not belonging to the group IV of the periodic table, e.g. InGaZnO
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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Abstract
【解決手段】画素を含む撮像素子において、前記画素が、フォトダイオードと、酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタと、ダイオードと、電荷保持部と、を有し、前記トランジスタと接続される前記フォトダイオードの電極と、前記トランジスタと接続される前記ダイオードの電極とが同じ極性である。
【選択図】図4
Description
本発明の一態様に係る撮像素子の構成図を図1に示す。撮像素子は、複数の画素11を有する画素部10と、各画素11と電気的に接続される制御回路20と、を有する。制御回路20は、各画素11を制御する入力信号を供給する駆動回路21と、各画素11からの出力信号が供給される信号処理回路22と、を有する。なお、信号処理回路22は増幅回路を含んでいても良い。信号処理回路22からの出力信号は、例えば、A/D変換回路を有する回路に入力され、画像データに変換される。図1では、駆動回路21と信号処理回路22とが分割されて配置されているが、一体となって配置されていてもよい。
本発明の一態様に係る撮像素子は、酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタを用いることができるが、酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタとして、様々な素子構造のトランジスタを適用することができる。酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタの素子構造について、図13を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、撮像装置に含まれる酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタを構成する酸化物半導体について説明する。
CAAC−OS膜は、複数の結晶部を有する酸化物半導体膜の一つである。また、CAAC−OS膜に含まれる結晶部は、c軸配向性を有する。平面TEM像において、CAAC−OS膜に含まれる結晶部の面積が2500nm2以上、さらに好ましくは5μm2以上、さらに好ましくは1000μm2以上である。また、断面TEM像において、該結晶部を50%以上、好ましくは80%以上、さらに好ましくは95%以上有することで、単結晶に近い物性の薄膜となる。
単結晶酸化物半導体膜は、不純物濃度が低く、欠陥準位密度が低い(酸素欠損が少ない)酸化物半導体膜である。そのため、キャリア密度を低くすることができる。従って、単結晶酸化物半導体膜を用いたトランジスタは、ノーマリーオンの電気特性になることが少ない。また、単結晶酸化物半導体膜は、不純物濃度が低く、欠陥準位密度が低いため、キャリアトラップが少なくなる場合がある。従って、単結晶酸化物半導体膜を用いたトランジスタは、電気特性の変動が小さく、信頼性の高いトランジスタとなる。
多結晶酸化物半導体膜は、TEMによる観察像で、結晶粒を確認することができる。多結晶酸化物半導体膜に含まれる結晶粒は、例えば、TEMによる観察像で、2nm以上300nm以下、3nm以上100nm以下または5nm以上50nm以下の粒径であることが多い。また、多結晶酸化物半導体膜は、TEMによる観察像で、結晶粒界を確認できる場合がある。
微結晶酸化物半導体膜は、TEMによる観察像では、明確に結晶部を確認することができない場合がある。微結晶酸化物半導体膜に含まれる結晶部は、1nm以上100nm以下、または1nm以上10nm以下の大きさであることが多い。特に、1nm以上10nm以下、または1nm以上3nm以下の微結晶であるナノ結晶(nc:nanocrystal)を有する酸化物半導体膜を、nc−OS(nanocrystalline Oxide Semiconductor)膜と呼ぶ。また、nc−OS膜は、例えば、TEMによる観察像では、結晶粒界を明確に確認できない場合がある。
本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置について説明する。図14(A)及び(B)に示す電子機器はデジタルカメラである。デジタルカメラは、筐体1501と、シャッターボタン1502と、レンズ1503と、フラッシュライト1504と、マイク1505と、操作ボタン1506と、選択ボタン1507と、表示画面1508と、を有する。筐体1501の内部には、レンズ1503の焦点となる位置に本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置を有する。デジタルカメラは、操作ボタン1506で撮影モードを切り替えることができる。すなわち、通常の撮影モードだけでなく、長時間露光撮影モードや多重露光撮影モードなどの撮影モードの選択を、操作ボタン1506によって行なうことができる。なお、表示画面1508に撮影モードを表示し、選択ボタン1507によって撮影モードを選択するようにしてもよい。また、表示画面1508にタッチセンサを設け、撮影モードを表示した表示画面1508に触れることにより、撮影モードを選択するようにしてもよい。表示画面1508に用いる素子は、液晶素子、OLED素子などを用いることができる。タッチパネルは、抵抗式タッチセンサ、静電容量式タッチセンサ、光学式タッチセンサなどを用いることができる。
11 画素
20 制御回路
21 駆動回路
22 信号処理回路
101 フォトダイオード
102 転送トランジスタ
103 ダイオード
111 ノード
112 容量素子
120 電荷保持部
121 ノード
122 容量素子
130 増幅回路
131 トランジスタ
132 トランジスタ
133 トランジスタ
141 リセットトランジスタ
142 リセットトランジスタ
151 配線
160 スイッチ
501 トランジスタ
502 トランジスタ
503 フォトダイオード
510 半導体基板
511 素子分離層
512 不純物領域
513 絶縁層
514 導電層
515 サイドウォール
516 絶縁層
517 絶縁層
518 導電体
519 配線
520 絶縁層
521 導電層
522 絶縁層
523 導電体
524 酸化物半導体層
525 導電層
526 絶縁層
527 導電層
528 絶縁層
529 絶縁層
530 導電体
531 配線
532 n型半導体層
533 i型半導体層
534 p型半導体層
535 絶縁層
536 導電体
537 配線
601 トランジスタ
602 トランジスタ
603 フォトダイオード
610 基板
611 絶縁層
612 半導体層
612a チャネル形成領域
612b 不純物領域
613 絶縁層
614 導電層
615 サイドウォール
616 絶縁層
617 絶縁層
701 フォトダイオード
702 トランジスタ
703 トランジスタ
713 n型半導体領域
714 i型半導体領域
715 p型半導体領域
801 トランジスタ
802 トランジスタ
803 フォトダイオード
804 トランジスタ
901 トランジスタ
902 フォトダイオード
903 トランジスタ
1000 トランジスタ
1001 絶縁層
1002 導電層
1003 絶縁層
1004 酸化物半導体層
1005 導電層
1006 絶縁層
1100 トランジスタ
1101 絶縁層
1102 酸化物半導体層
1103 導電層
1104 絶縁層
1105 導電層
1106 絶縁層
1200 トランジスタ
1201 絶縁層
1202 酸化物半導体層
1202a チャネル形成領域
1202b 不純物領域
1203 絶縁層
1204 導電層
1205 絶縁層
1206 導電層
1501 筐体
1502 シャッターボタン
1503 レンズ
1504 フラッシュライト
1505 マイク
1506 操作ボタン
1507 選択ボタン
1508 表示画面
Claims (11)
- 画素を含む撮像素子において、
前記画素は、
フォトダイオードと、
酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタと、
ダイオードと、
電荷保持部と、を有し、
前記トランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記フォトダイオードの第1の電極と電気的に接続され、
前記トランジスタのソース又はドレインの他方は、前記ダイオードの第1の電極と電気的に接続され、
前記ダイオードの第2の電極は、電荷保持部と電気的に接続され、
前記フォトダイオードの前記第1の電極と前記ダイオードの前記第1の電極とは極性が同じである撮像素子。 - 前記ダイオードは、ゲートと、ソース又はドレインの一方とが電気的に接続されたトランジスタを有する請求項1記載の撮像素子。
- 画素を含む撮像素子において、
前記画素は、
フォトダイオードと、
酸化物半導体層を有する第1のトランジスタと、
第2のトランジスタと、
第3のトランジスタと、
第4のトランジスタと、
第5のトランジスタと、
第6のトランジスタと、を有し、
前記第1のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記フォトダイオードの第1の電極と電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの他方は、前記第2のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの他方は、前記第3のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続され、
前記第3のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記第4のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第5のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記フォトダイオードの前記第1の電極並びに前記第1のトランジスタの前記ソース又はドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第6のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記第2のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第4のトランジスタのゲートは、第1の信号線と接続され、
前記第5のトランジスタのゲートは、第2の信号線と接続され、
前記第6のトランジスタのゲートは、第3の信号線と接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第2のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの他方と電気的に接続される撮像素子。 - 前記第5のトランジスタ及び前記第6のトランジスタのそれぞれが、前記酸化物半導体層を有する請求項3記載の撮像素子。
- 前記酸化物半導体層が、In−Ga−Zn酸化物を含む請求項1乃至4記載の撮像素子。
- 前記フォトダイオードが、酸化物半導体層の上に形成されている請求項1乃至5記載の撮像素子。
- 画素が、フォトダイオードと、ゲートが第1の信号線と接続される、酸化物半導体層を有するトランジスタと、前記トランジスタを介してフォトダイオードで生成される電荷が転送される電荷保持部と、を有する撮像素子の駆動方法であって、
前記第1の信号線に、前記トランジスタがオンとなる電位が複数回供給された後、前記電荷保持部の電位に相当する信号が画素から出力される撮像素子の駆動方法。 - 前記トランジスタと前記電荷保持部の間に、ダイオードを有する請求項7記載の撮像素子の駆動方法。
- 前記酸化物半導体層は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物を含む請求項7乃至8記載の撮像素子の駆動方法。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一に記載の撮像素子と、
表示装置、シャッターボタン、レンズ、フラッシュライト、マイク、または、操作ボタンと、
を有する電子機器。 - 電子機器の駆動方法であって、
表示装置、シャッターボタン、レンズ、フラッシュライト、マイク、または、操作ボタンと、
撮像素子と、を有し、
前記撮像素子は、請求項7乃至請求項9のいずれか一に記載の撮像素子の駆動方法を用いている電子機器の駆動方法。
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2018
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US20150349129A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
KR102418666B1 (ko) | 2022-07-11 |
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US20200287050A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
KR20150138031A (ko) | 2015-12-09 |
US11239372B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
US20180323307A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
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