JP2015525204A - 抗FcRn抗体 - Google Patents
抗FcRn抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015525204A JP2015525204A JP2015512011A JP2015512011A JP2015525204A JP 2015525204 A JP2015525204 A JP 2015525204A JP 2015512011 A JP2015512011 A JP 2015512011A JP 2015512011 A JP2015512011 A JP 2015512011A JP 2015525204 A JP2015525204 A JP 2015525204A
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Abstract
Description
− フェニルアラニン、チロシン及びトリプトファン(芳香族側鎖を有するアミノ酸)、
− リシン、アルギニン及びヒスチジン(塩基性側鎖を有するアミノ酸)、
− アスパラギン酸及びグルタミン酸(酸性側鎖を有するアミノ酸)、
− アスパラギン及びグルタミン(アミド側鎖を有するアミノ酸)、並びに
− システイン及びメチオニン(硫黄含有側鎖を有するアミノ酸)。同一性及び類似性の程度は容易に計算され得る(分子計算生物学(Computational Molecular Biology)、Lesk,A.M.、ed.、Oxford University Press、New York、1988;バイオコンピューティング.インフォマティクス及びゲノムプロジェクト(Biocomputing.Informatics and Genome Projects)、Smith,D.W.、ed.、Academic Press、New York、1993;配列データのコンピュータ解析(Computer Analysis of Sequence Data)、Part 1、Griffin,A.M.、及びGriffin,H.G.、eds.、Humana Press、New Jersey、1994;分子生物学における配列解析(Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology)、von Heinje,G.、Academic Press、1987、配列解析プライマー(Sequence Analysis Primer)、Gribskov,M.及びDevereux,J.、eds.、M Stockton Press、New York、1991、NCBIから入手可能なBLAST(商標)ソフトウェア(the BLASTTM software available from NCBI)(Altschul,S.F.ら、1990、J.Mol.Biol.215:403−410;Gish,W. & States、D.J.1993、Nature Genet.3:266−272.Madden,T.L.ら、1996、Meth.Enzymol.266:131−141;Altschul,S.F.ら、1997、Nucleic Acids Res.25:3389−3402;Zhang、J. & Madden、T.L. 1997、Genome Res.7:649−656)。
がDr Reddy、NOF及びJenkemから入手可能である。
・血漿IgG濃度の70%減少を引き起こし、
・血漿アルブミン濃度の20%以下の減少を伴い、及び/又は
・低い血漿IgG濃度の長期間の維持を達成するために反復投与の可能性を有する、
抗FcRn結合分子が提供される。
・抗HLA抗体に起因する移植ドナーミスマッチ
・胎児及び新生児同種免疫性血小板減少症、FNAIT(又は新生児同種免疫性血小板減少症、NAITP若しくはNAIT若しくはNAT、又は胎母同種免疫性血小板減少症、FMAITP若しくはFMAIT)。
・慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎(CIDP)
・ギランバレー症候群
・パラプロテイン血症性ニューロパチー
・視神経脊髄炎(NMO、NMOスペクトル障害又はNMOスペクトル障害)、及び
・重症筋無力症
などの神経学的障害に利用される。
・水疱性類天疱瘡
・尋常性天疱瘡
・ANCA関連血管炎
・拡張型心筋症
などの皮膚疾患に利用される。
・特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)
・血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病(TTP)
・温式特発性溶血性貧血
・グッドパスチャー症候群
・抗HLA抗体に起因する移植ドナーミスマッチ
などの免疫学、血液学障害に利用される。
1)FcRnタンパク質(又はそのフラグメント)の精製−このFcRnタンパク質はマトリクスにコンジュゲートされ、親和性カラムとして、又は(抗FcRnの修飾形態として)沈殿剤として(例えば、任意選択に抗Fc試薬によって沈殿される、Fcの付加によって修飾され(又は完全長IgGとして作製され)得る別の分子によって認識されるドメインで修飾された形態として)使用される。
2)生きた又は固定した、細胞上又は細胞中(インビトロでの細胞又は組織若しくは細胞切片中)のFcRnの検出及び/又は定量化。このための使用は、抗FcRn処置の効果を追跡するために、バイオマーカーとしてFcRnの定量化を含んでもよい。これらの目的のために、候補が、(例えば、完全長IgG又は一部の他の部分のような、遺伝子融合タンパク質又は化学コンジュゲートとして、Fcドメインの付加、例えば検出の目的に使用される蛍光タグの付加によって)修飾形態で使用されてもよい。
3)(1)及び(2)に例示した方法によって修飾された候補に結合することによって標識されたFcRn保有細胞の精製又は分類。
a)ヒトFcRnアルファ鎖及びヒトβ2ミクログロブリン(β2M)を組換え発現する非ヒト哺乳動物細胞表面上に被覆するステップ、
b)試験分子及びIgGの両方のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、約pH5.9などの弱酸性条件下で、細胞を、試験分子及び細胞により再利用されるIgGと接触させ、任意選択に、IgGが再利用される前に試験分子を添加し、試験分子のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、インキュベートするステップ、
c)微酸性緩衝液で洗浄するステップ、及び
d)細胞により内在化した及び/又は再利用されたIgGの量を検出するステップ
を含む。
a)ヒトFcRnアルファ鎖及びヒトβ2ミクログロブリン(β2M)を組換え発現する非ヒト哺乳動物細胞を表面上に被覆するステップ、
b)試験抗体分子及びIgGの両方のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、約pH5.9などの弱酸性条件下で、細胞を、試験抗体分子及び細胞により再利用されるIgGと接触させ、任意選択に、IgGが再利用される前に試験抗体分子を添加し、試験抗体分子のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、インキュベートするステップ、
c)微酸性緩衝液で洗浄して、未結合のIgG及び試験抗体分子を除去するステップ、及び
d)細胞により再利用されたIgGの量を検出するステップ
を含む。
a)ヒトFcRnアルファ鎖及びヒトβ2ミクログロブリン(β2M)を組換え発現する非ヒト哺乳動物細胞を表面上に被覆するステップ、
b)試験抗体分子及びIgGの両方のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、約pH5.9などの弱酸性条件下で、細胞を、試験抗体分子及び細胞により再利用されるIgGと接触させ、任意選択に、IgGが再利用される前に試験抗体分子を添加し、試験抗体分子のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、インキュベートするステップ、
c)微酸性緩衝液で洗浄して、未結合のIgG及び試験抗体分子を除去するステップ、
d)約pH7.2などの中性緩衝液中で細胞をインキュベートするステップ、
e)上清内に放出されたIgGの量を決定することによって細胞によって再利用されたIgGの量を検出するステップ
を含む。
図2は、特定の配列のアラインメントを示す。
図3は、本開示に係るFab’フラグメント及びそのPEG化型に対するヒトMDCK II上での結合の比較を示す。
図4は、MDCK II細胞上でIgG再利用を阻害する本開示に係るFab’フラグメント及びそのPEG化型を示す。
図5は、本開示に係るPEG化Fab’フラグメントが、MDCK II細胞において頂部から基底外側のIgG経細胞輸送を阻害することを示す。
図6は、本開示に係るFab’フラグメント及びそのPEG化型に対するカニクイザルMDCK IIの結合の比較を示す。
図7は、本開示に係るPEG化Fab’フラグメントが、ヒト及びそのカニクイザル型についてMDCK II細胞上でIgG再利用を阻害することを示す。
図8は、カニクイザルにおける血漿IgGレベルに対する本開示に係る単回投与のPEG化Fab’分子の効果を示す。
図9は、血漿IgGレベルに対する本開示に係る1週間に4回の投与のPEG化Fab’分子の効果を示す。
図10は、遮断タンパク質によって阻害されたFcRnの抗体再利用機能の図表示を示す。
図11は、精製したガンマ1IgG抗体を使用したヒトIgG遮断アッセイに基づいたフローサイトメトリーを示す。
図12は、正常なカニクイザルにおけるFab’PEG単回/間欠IV投与 20mg/Kg 1及び67日 IgG薬物動態を示す。
図13は、正常なカニクイザルにおけるFab’PEG:反復IV投与−週に1回の4×20又は100mg/Kg IgG薬物動態を示す。
図14は、正常なカニクイザルにおけるFab’PEG単回/間欠IV投与−20mg/Kg及び100mg/Kg 1及び67日 IgG薬物動態を示す。
図15は、20mg/Kgの1519.g57 Fab’PEGの2回のIV投与後の4匹のカニクイザルにおける血漿IgGレベルを示す。
図16は、3日毎に1回、20mg/Kgの1519.g57 Fab’PEGの10回のIV投与を与えている4匹のカニクイザルにおける血漿IgGレベルを示す。
図17は、カニクイザルにおける内因性血漿IgGに対する1519.g57IgG4Pの2回の30mg/KgのIV投与の効果を示す。
図18は、カニクイザルにおける血漿IgGに対する30mg/Kg、続いて5mg/Kgの1519.g57 IgG4Pの41日投与の効果を示す。
図19は、カニクイザルにおける血漿IgGに対するビヒクルによる毎日投与の結果を示す。
図20は、CA170_01519.g57Fab’PEG又はPBS IVで処置したhFcRnトランスジェニックマウスの血漿中のIV hIgGの増加したクリアランスを示す。
図21は、CA170_01519.g57IgG1又はIgG4又はPBS IVで処置したhFcRnトランスジェニックマウスの血漿中のIV hIgGの増加したクリアランスを示す。
図22は、CA170_01519.g57Fab’−ヒト血清アルブミン又はPBS IVで処置したhFcRnトランスジェニックマウスの血漿中のIV hIgGの増加したクリアランスを示す。
図23は、CA170_01519.g57FabFv又はPBS IVで処置したhFcRnトランスジェニックマウスの血漿中のIV hIgGの増加したクリアランスを示す。
図24は、CA170_01519.g57Fab又はFab’PEG又はPBS IVで処置したhFcRnトランスジェニックマウスの血漿中のIV hIgGの増加したクリアランスを示す。
図25は、Fab−dsFvと称される、本発明の二重特異性抗体融合タンパク質を示す。
Sprague Dawleyラットを、変異ヒトFcRn(L320A;L321A)(Oberら、2001 Int.Immunol.13、1551−1559)及びマウスβ2Mを共発現するNIH3T3マウス線維芽細胞の3回の皮下注射により免疫化し、ヒトFcRn細胞外ドメインの4回目の最後の追加免疫をした。HEK−293細胞上での変異FcRnへの両方の結合について、及びAlexafluor488により標識したヒトIgGの結合を防ぐその能力について血清をモニターした。両方の方法をフローサイトメトリーによって実施した。結合に関して、フィコエリトリン(PE)により標識した抗マウス又はラットFc特異的二次試薬を、血清中のIgGの結合を明らかにするために使用した。
抗体CA170_01519を、ヒト生殖細胞抗体V領域フレームワーク上にラット抗体V領域からCDRをグラフトすることによってヒト化した。抗体の活性を回復させるために、ラットV領域由来の複数のフレームワーク残基もまた、ヒト化配列内に保持した。Adairら(1991)(ヒト化抗体(Humanised antibodies)WO91/09967)によって概説されたプロトコルを使用してこれらの残基を選択した。ヒト生殖細胞(アクセプター)V領域配列を有するラット抗体(ドナー)V領域配列のアラインメントを、設計したヒト化配列と一緒に図2A及び2Bに示す。ドナーからアクセプター配列にグラフトしたCDRは、Chothia/Kabat定義の組合せが使用されている(Adairら、1991ヒト化抗体(Humanised antibodies.)WO91/09967)CDR−H1を除いて、Kabat(Kabatら、1987)によって定義されている通りである。ヒトV領域VK1 2−1−(1)A30プラスJK2 J領域(V BASE、http://vbase.mrc−cpe.cam.ac.uk/)を軽鎖CDRのためのアクセプターとして選択した。ヒトV領域VH3 1−3 3−07プラスJH4 J領域(V BASE、http://vbase.mrc−cpe.cam.ac.uk/)を、重鎖CDRについてのアクセプターとして選択した。
大腸菌のペリプラズムにおいて発現したFab’を、熱抽出によって細胞から抽出した。Fab’は酸性溶出を用いたプロテインG親和性精製によって精製した。Fab’は減少し、40kDaのPEG(SUNBRIGHT GL2−400MA3)によりPEG化された。PEGは抗体フラグメントにおける1つ又は複数のチオール基にマレイミド基を介して共有結合する。PEG化の効果がSE−HPLCにより確認された。Fab’PEGは陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって未PEG化Fab’及びdiFab’から分離した。画分をSE−HPLC及びSDS−PAGEから分析した。不純物のレベルを最小化するためにプールを実施した。最後の試料を濃縮し、所望の緩衝液中に透析濾過した。
抗ヒトFcRn Fab’1519.g57を、動物研究のために後で使用されるヒト血清アルブミン(組換え体由来)と化学的にコンジュゲートした。
・ヒト血清アルブミン:出芽酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)において組換え的に作製された20%w/v溶液として提供されるNovozyme製のRecombumin(カタログ番号:200−010)。
・1519.g57Fab’:0.1Mリン酸ナトリウム、2mMのEDTA、pH6.0(反応緩衝液)中に提供される30mg/ml
・Thermofisher製の1,6−ビスマレイミドヘキサン(BMH)(カタログ番号22330)
1,6−ビスマレイミドヘキサンのストック溶液を、ジメチルホルムアミドを使用してガラスバイアル中で調製した。BMHの完全な溶解を確実にするためにこの溶液をボルテックスした。BMH溶液をアルブミン濃度に対して10倍モル過剰にて脱塩した還元型アルブミン溶液に加えた。次いでこの溶液を37℃にて30分間インキュベートし、続いて適切な混合を確実にするためにローラ上で室温にて一晩インキュベートした。白色の沈殿物が見られ、それをベンチトップ遠心分離機を使用して沈降させた。反応が完了した後、PD10カラムを使用して溶液を脱塩した。
還元緩衝液中で調製した新たに調製したシステアミン塩酸塩(Sigmaカタログ番号:30078)を使用して1519.g57 Fab’を還元した。1519.g57 Fab’溶液に、システアミン塩酸塩を10倍モル過剰にて加え、次いで30分間、37℃の水浴にてインキュベートした。還元後、PD10カラム(GE Healthcareカタログ番号:17−0851−01)を使用して溶液を脱塩してあらゆる過剰な還元剤を除去した。
等量(モルの点で)の還元型Fab’及びアルブミン−リンカーを加え、室温にて一晩ローラミキサ上でインキュベートした。
次いで、アルブミン−Fabコンジュゲート及び遊離アルブミンに結合したブルーセファロースを使用して上記の混合物を親和性精製した。精製は本明細書に簡潔に述べられている製造業者の指示書に従って実施した:
ブルーセファロースをDPBS pH7.4中で再構成し、PBSで3回洗浄した。洗浄後、Fab及びリンカーが結合したアルブミンの混合物を加え、ローラミキサ上で1時間、室温にてインキュベートした。インキュベーション後、PBSを用いてマトリクスを再び洗浄してあらゆる未結合の材料を除去し、次いで2MのKClを含有するPBS7.4で溶出した。
親和性精製した材料はいくらかの未反応のHSAと共にFabにコンジュゲートしたアルブミンを含有した。これは更なる浄化を必要とし、これはサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(GE Healthcare製のS200 16×60)を使用して達成した。最後のプールした画分はDPBS pH7.4中に示された。最後の1519.g57Fab−HSAコンジュゲートをDPBS pH7.4中に20mg/mlまで濃縮し、分析的サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(タンデムにおいてAgilent Zorbax GF250及びGF450)で分析し、主に単量体コンジュゲートであることが見出された。エンドトキシンアッセイもまた、実施し、試料はエンドトキシン含有量の特定した下限値以下であることが見出された。
機能的細胞アッセイにおいてFcRn活性を遮断する候補Fab’PEG分子の能力を決定するために、分子をIgG再利用アッセイ(例5により詳細に記載されている)においてスクリーニングした。手短に述べると、酸性緩衝液中にビオチン化ヒトIgGを添加する前に、MDCK IIクローン34細胞を候補Fab’又はFab’PEGとプレインキュベートした。細胞を洗浄して全ての過剰なIgGを除去し、次いで、IgGの上清内への放出を促進するために中性pH緩衝液中でインキュベートした。上清内に放出したIgGの量をMSDアッセイによって測定し、EC50値を算出した。IgG再利用を阻害するヒト化Fab’及びFab’PEG候補分子のEC50値を以下の表に示す。PEG化すると、全ての候補抗体について有効性の損失が存在するが、この程度は候補に依存して変化する。
ヒトFcRn及びベータ2ミクログロブリンで安定にトランスフェクトしたMDCK IIクローン34細胞を96ウェルプレート中で25,000個の細胞/ウェルにし、37℃、5%CO2にて一晩インキュベートした。500ng/mlのビオチン化ヒトIgG(Jackson)を添加する前に細胞をHBSS+(Ca/Mg)pH5.9+1%BSA中で、37℃、5%CO2にて1時間、候補Fab’又はFab’PEGとインキュベートし、更に1時間インキュベートした。細胞をHBSS+pH5.9で洗浄し、次いでHBSS+pH7.2中で37℃、5%CO2にて2時間、インキュベートした。上清を細胞から除去し、MSDアッセイ(抗ヒトIgG捕捉抗体(Jackson)及びストレプトアビジン−スルホタグ露出抗体(MSD)を使用した)を使用して全IgGについて分析した。阻害曲線を非線形回帰(Graphpad Prism(登録商標))によって分析してEC50を決定した。表1は2〜7回の実験から合わせたデータを表す。
表面プラズモン共鳴技術(SPR)を使用した生体分子相互作用分析を、Biacore T200システム(GE Healthcare)で実施し、ヒトFcRn細胞外ドメインに対する結合を測定した。ヒトFcRn細胞外ドメインは、ヒトFcRnアルファ鎖細胞外ドメイン(配列番号94)とβ2ミクログロブリン(β2M)(配列番号95)との間の非共有複合体として提供した。10mMのNaAc、pH5緩衝液中のAffinipure F(ab’)2フラグメントヤギ抗ヒトIgG、F(ab’)2フラグメント特異的(Fab’−PEG捕捉について)又はFcフラグメント特異的(IgG1又はIgG4捕捉について)(Jackson ImmunoResearch Lab,Inc.)を、ランニング緩衝液としてHBS−EP+(GE Healthcare)を使用して4000〜5000反応単位(RU)の間の捕捉レベルまでアミンカップリング化学によりCM5センサーチップ上に固定化した。
ジェネティシン選択マーカーを有するヒトFcRn及びヒトB2M二重遺伝子ベクターで安定にトランスフェクトしていたメイディン−ダービーイヌ腎臓(MDCK)II細胞を使用して細胞ベースのアッセイを実施した。ヒトIgGを再利用でき、経細胞輸送できる安定な細胞クローンを選択し、これを全ての後の研究について使用した。それはMDCK IIクローン34と称される。
MDCK IIクローン34細胞及びAlexaFluor488により標識したCA170_01519.g57 Fab’又はCA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGを使用して定量的フローサイトメトリー実験を実施した。様々な抗体濃度にわたるFcRnに対する抗体の特異的結合を使用してKDを決定した。血漿(pH7.4)又はエンドソーム(pH6)に見出されるものと匹敵する環境pHが抗体結合に対して何らかの効果を有するかどうかを決定するために中性及び酸性緩衝液の両方で分析を実施した。
CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGはヒトIgGの再利用を阻害する
FcRn発現は主に細胞内であり(Borvak Jら 1998、Int.Immunol.、10(9)1289−98及びCauza Kら 2005、J.Invest.Dermatol.、124(1)、132−139)、エンドソーム及びリソソーム膜に関連している。IgGのFc部分は酸性pH(<6.5)においてFcRnに結合するが、中性生理的pH(7.4)においては結合せず(Rhagavan Mら 1995)、このpH依存性はIgGの再利用を促進する。
FcRnは、頂部から基底外側及び基底外側から頂部の方向の両方において極性上皮細胞層を横切ってIgGを輸送できるので、粘膜関門において循環と管腔との間でIgGを移動させ得るのに重要な役割を果たす(Claypoolら 2004 Mol Biol Cell 15(4):1746−59)。
CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGは、IgG再利用及び経細胞輸送の両方を阻害する。IgG再利用アッセイにおいて達成した6nMのEC50は、中性緩衝液中の6.5nM及び酸性緩衝液中の5.42nMのKD値が得られた、細胞親和性結合データに匹敵する。CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGは、Fab’のみと比較して有効性のわずかな減少を示すが、評価した多くの他の候補分子と比較して、2つのフォーマット(上記参照)の間で有効性の最も低い低下を示した。IgG経細胞輸送アッセイにおいて、25.5nMのEC50が得られた。この部分におけるデータにより、CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGがヒトFcRn機能を阻害できることが明らかに示された。
非ヒト霊長類PK/PD研究及び前臨床毒物学におけるCA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGの使用を検証するために、カニクイザルマカクFcRnを用いてその相対的親和性及び機能的能力を検査した。MDCK II細胞をカニクイザルマカクFcRnで安定にトランスフェクトし、B2M(MDCK II(cm))を、ヒトFcRn及びB2M(MDCK IIクローン34)で安定にトランスフェクトした以前に記載されたMDCK II細胞と共に以下の研究に使用した。
カニクイザルFcRnに対するCA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGの細胞ベースの結合親和性を決定するために、MDCK II(cm)細胞及びAlexaFluor 488により標識したCA170_01519.g57 Fab’又はFab’PEGを使用して定量的フローサイトメトリー実験を実施した。様々な抗体濃度にわたるカニクイザルマカクFcRnへの抗体の特異的結合を使用してKDを決定した。中性及び酸性pHの両方において抗体結合を実施して、中性血漿又は酸性エンドソーム中でFcRnを結合する効果を決定し、それにより、カニクイザルマカクFcRnに対するCA170_01519.g57結合に対していくらかの効果的なpHが存在したことを決定した。
CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGが、カニクイザルFcRnを遮断するのに機能的に活性であるかどうかを決定するために、MDCK II(cm)細胞を使用して、ヒトFcRnアッセイについて以前に記載されているようにカニクイザルマカクIgGの再利用を阻害するCA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEGの能力を検査した。このアッセイは2つの間の比較を可能にするために代表的なヒトアッセイと共に実施した。
これは、単一、間欠又は反復投与レジメンにおける、カニクイザルにおける0519g Fab PEGの投与の効果の研究であった。単回投与として又は反復投与において、表7に示した4匹のカニクイザルの群に静脈内注入によって0519g Fab PEGを投与した。血漿IgG及び01519g Fab PEGの薬物動態を、イムノアッセイ(イムノアッセイ法について表7Aを参照のこと)及びLC−MS/MSによってモニターした。血漿アルブミンのアッセイはCovanceにて行った。
イムノアッセイ及びLC−MS/MS血漿IgGデータは十分に一致した。血漿IgGはFab PEGの投与によって減少した(図12及び図14を参照のこと)。I相投与群の両方に関して、Fab PEGの単回投与は血漿IgGを約70〜80%減少させ、ほぼ7日で最低に達し、63日で投与前のレベルに戻った。67日における再投与は同様の結果を達成した。
内因性血漿IgGに対するCA170_01519g.57 Fab’PEG及びCA170_01519g.57 IgG4Pの効果をカニクイザルにおいて決定した。4匹の動物/処置群で、表8に示したように動物に投与した。血漿IgG及び抗FcRn実体の薬物動態を、イムノアッセイ(イムノアッセイ法について表8Aを参照のこと)及びLC−MS/MSによってモニターした。
イムノアッセイ及びLC−MS/MS血漿IgGデータは十分に一致した。血漿IgGは抗FcRn Fab’PEG又は抗FcRn IgG4Pの投与によって減少した(図15及び16並びに図17及び18のそれぞれを参照のこと;対照について図19を参照のこと)。抗FcRn実体の両方に関して、単回投与は、血漿IgGを約70〜80%減少させ、ほぼ7日で最低に達し、62日で投与前のレベルに戻った。記載されているように、63日又は65日における再投与は同様の結果を達成した。
ヒトIVIGのクリアランスに対する抗体CA170_01519.g57の様々な異なるフォーマットの効果をヒトFcRnトランスジェニックマウスにおいて決定した。試験したフォーマットは、CA170_01519.g57 Fab’PEG、CA170_01519.g57 IgG1、CA170_01519.g57 IgG4P、CA170_01519.g57 Fab’HSA、CA170_01519.g57 FabFv及びCA170_01519.g57 Fabであり、この結果をそれぞれ図20、21、22、23及び24に示す。活性化合物の単回投与は図に示した通りであった。ヒトIgG(IVIG)のクリアランスに対するそれらの効果を検出するために、マウスに500mg/kgのヒトIVIGを注射し、そのヒトIVIGを、間隔をあけてマウスの尾から取り出した一連の血漿試料中でLCMSMSによって定量した。試験した異なる抗体フォーマットの各々によるhFcRnの遮断の結果、hIVIGの促進したクリアランスが生じ、対照マウスと比較して低濃度の全IgGが観察された。
ヒト化したFcRnトランスジェニックマウス(B6.Cg−Fcgrttm1DcrTg(FCGRT)32Dcr/DcrJ、JAXマウス)に、500mg/kgのヒトIgG(Human IgI 10%Gamunex−c、Talecris Biotherapeutics)を静脈内注入した。24時間後、動物にビヒクル対照(PBS)又は抗FcRnを単回投与として静脈内に投与した。尾端血液試料を、抗FcRn処置に対して−24、8、24、48、72、144及び192時間に採った。hFcRnマウスにおけるヒトIgGの血清レベル及びFcRn阻害剤の薬物動態をLC−MS/MSによって決定した。図20〜24に提示したデータは3〜6匹/処置群での平均±SEMである。
トリプシン消化後、液体クロマトグラフィータンデム質量分析(LC−MS/MS)法を使用してヒトIgG、カニクイザルIgG及びFcRn阻害剤(1519.g57 Fab’PEG、1519.g57 IgG4P、1519.g57 IgG1、1519.g57 FavFv、1519.g57 Fab及び1519.g57 Fab’HAS)を定量した。
結晶化を容易にするためにFcRnオリゴ糖(oligsaccharide)は排除して、1519g57 Fab’の結晶構造及び脱グリコシル化したヒトFcRn細胞外ドメイン(ベータ2ミクログロブリン配列番号95と会合するアルファ鎖細胞外ドメイン(配列番号94))を決定した。1519.g57 Fab’を10倍モル過剰のN−エチルマレイミドと反応させて、diFab’の形成を防ぎ、いくらかの既存のdiFab’をSEC(Akta FPLCによるS200)によって除去した。ヒトFcRn細胞外ドメインをPNGaseFによって処置して、N結合糖を除去した。このために、PBS(pH7.4)を使用してFcRn試料濃度を5mg/ml及び全量1mlに調整した。200単位のPNGaseF(Roche)をヒトFcRnのこの溶液に添加した。これを37℃にて約18時間インキュベートし、その後、SDS PAGEを使用して脱グリコシル化の程度を調べた。反応の完了時に、脱グリコシル化したFcRnは、50mMの酢酸ナトリウム、125mMのNaCl、pH6.0に交換した緩衝液であった。
Claims (42)
- 可変領域を有する重鎖又は重鎖フラグメントを含む抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメントであって、前記可変領域が、配列番号1、配列番号2及び配列番号3から独立して選択される1、2又は3つのCDRを含む、上記抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR H1が配列番号1に示される配列を有する、請求項1に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR H2が配列番号2に示される配列を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR H3が配列番号3に示される配列を有する、請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号4、配列番号5及び配列番号6から独立して選択される1、2又は3つのCDRを含む可変領域を有する軽鎖又はそのフラグメントを更に含む、請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR L1が配列番号4に示される配列を有する、請求項5に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR L2が配列番号5に示される配列を有する、請求項5又は6に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- CDR L3が配列番号6に示される配列を有する、請求項5から7までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 抗体がヒト化されている、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号29に示される配列を含む重鎖及び配列番号15に示される配列を含む軽鎖を有する、請求項1から9までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 重鎖を含むヒトFcRnに結合する抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメントであって、重鎖の可変ドメインが配列番号29に示される配列と少なくとも80%の同一性又は類似性を有する配列を含み、軽鎖の可変ドメインが配列番号15に示される配列と少なくとも80%の同一性又は類似性を有する配列を含む、上記抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 抗体がscFv、Fv、Fab又はFab’フラグメントである、請求項1から11までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号36に示される配列を含む重鎖及び配列番号22に示される配列を含む軽鎖を有する、請求項12に記載の抗FcRn抗体Fab’フラグメント。
- 例えば、デンプン、アルブミン及びポリエチレングリコールから選択されるポリマーにコンジュゲートされている、請求項1から13までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- ポリマーが、例えば5〜50kDaまでの範囲の分子量を有する、PEGである、請求項14に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 抗体が完全長抗体である、請求項1から11までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体。
- 完全長抗体がIgG1、IgG4及びIgG4Pからなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の抗FcRn抗体。
- 配列番号72又は配列番号87又は配列番号43に示される配列を含む重鎖及び配列番号22に示される配列を含む軽鎖を有する、請求項16又は請求項17に記載の抗FcRn抗体。
- 配列番号50に示される配列を含む重鎖及び配列番号46又は配列番号78に示される配列を含む軽鎖を有するFab−dsFvである、請求項1から11までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 100pM以下のヒトFcRnに対する結合親和性を有する抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- pH6及びpH7.4にて測定した場合、ヒトFcRnに対する結合親和性が100pM以下である、請求項20に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 請求項10に記載の抗体と同じヒトFcRnのエピトープに結合する抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号94の残基V105、P106、T107、A108及びK109並びに配列番号94のP100、E115、E116、F117、M118、N119、F120、D121、L122、K123、Q124、G128、G129、D130、W131、P132及びE133からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの残基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのアミノ酸を含むヒトFcRnのエピトープに結合する抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 請求項10に記載の抗体のヒトFcRnへの結合を交差遮断するか、又は請求項10に記載の抗体によってヒトFcRnへの結合を交差遮断される、抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- ヒト化されているか、又は完全にヒトである、請求項20から24までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- 100pM以下のヒトFcRnに対する結合親和性を有する、請求項22から25までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- ヒトFcRnに結合する、請求項1から26までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- ヒトIgGのヒトFcRnへの結合を遮断する、請求項1から27までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- β2ミクログロブリンに結合しない、請求項1から28までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメント。
- ヒトFcRn活性を遮断する抗体分子などの試験分子の能力、特にIgGを再利用するヒトFcRnの能力を試験するアッセイであって、方法が、
a.ヒトFcRnアルファ鎖及びヒトβ2ミクログロブリン(β2M)を組換え発現する非ヒト哺乳動物細胞を表面上に被覆するステップ、
b.試験抗体分子及びIgGの両方のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、約pH5.9などの弱酸性条件下で、細胞を、試験抗体分子及び細胞により再利用されるIgGと接触させるステップ、
c.微酸性緩衝液で洗浄するステップ、及び
d.細胞により内在化した及び/又は再利用されたIgGの量を検出するステップ
を含む、上記アッセイ。 - 試験抗体分子が、IgGが再利用される前に添加され、再利用されるIgGの添加前に、試験抗体分子のFcRnへの結合を可能にするのに十分な時間、インキュベートされる、請求項30に記載のアッセイ。
- 請求項1から29までのいずれか一項に記載の抗体の重鎖及び/又は軽鎖(単数又は複数)をコードする単離されたDNA配列。
- 請求項32に記載の1つ又は複数のDNA配列を含むクローニング又は発現ベクター。
- ベクターが、(i)配列番号37に示される配列及び配列番号23に示される配列又は(ii)配列番号80に示される配列及び配列番号79に示される配列又は(iii)配列番号93に示される配列及び配列番号91に示される配列を含む、請求項33に記載のベクター。
- 請求項33又は請求項34に記載の1つ又は複数のクローニング又は発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 請求項35に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップ及び抗体を単離するステップを含む、ヒトFcRnに対する結合特異性を有する抗体を作製するプロセス。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤、希釈剤又は担体の1つ又は複数と組み合わされた請求項1から29までのいずれか一項に記載の抗FcRn抗体又はその結合フラグメントを含む、医薬組成物。
- 他の活性成分を更に含む、請求項37に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療に使用するための、請求項1から29までのいずれか一項に記載の抗体若しくはその結合フラグメント又は請求項37若しくは38に記載の組成物。
- 重症筋無力症、尋常性天疱瘡、視神経脊髄炎、ギランバレー症候群、狼瘡及び血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病などの自己免疫性疾患の処置に使用するための、請求項1から29までのいずれか一項に記載の抗体若しくはその結合フラグメント又は請求項37若しくは38に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から29までのいずれか一項に記載の抗体若しくはその結合フラグメント又は請求項37若しくは請求項38に記載の組成物の治療有効量を投与するステップを含む、患者を処置する方法。
- 処置が、重症筋無力症、尋常性天疱瘡、視神経脊髄炎、ギランバレー症候群、狼瘡及び血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病などの自己免疫性疾患のためである、請求項41に記載の方法。
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