CN1863514A - 防止滥用的剂型 - Google Patents

防止滥用的剂型 Download PDF

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CN1863514A
CN1863514A CNA2004800289675A CN200480028967A CN1863514A CN 1863514 A CN1863514 A CN 1863514A CN A2004800289675 A CNA2004800289675 A CN A2004800289675A CN 200480028967 A CN200480028967 A CN 200480028967A CN 1863514 A CN1863514 A CN 1863514A
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J·巴托罗莫斯
H·库格尔曼
E·阿克瑙-马里克
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防止滥用的安全的并且不经挤出的热成型的给药剂型,它包括除了具有滥用可能性的一种或几种活性成分外,还包括至少一种具有抵抗至少500N的断裂强度的合成的或天然的聚合物,和任选地生理上可接受的物质。本发明还涉及制造所述剂型的方法。

Description

防止滥用的剂型
本发明涉及一种不经挤出的热成型的防止滥用的剂型,它包括除了一种或多种具有滥用可能性的活性成分(A)外以及任选地生理可接受的辅助物质(B)外,还包括至少一种合成的或天然的聚合物(C)以及任选地至少一种蜡(D),其中组分(C)和任选地存在的组分(D)均显示至少500N的断裂强度。本发明还涉及根据本发明的剂型的制备方法。
许多药物活性物质除了在它们适合的用途中具有的优良活性外,还具有被滥用的可能,即它们可以被滥用者使用而产生不是预期的效果。例如,对于抵御十分剧烈的疼痛具有很强的活性的鸦片,经常被滥用者用于产生麻醉或欣快的状态。
为了使滥用成为可能,对应的剂型,如片剂或胶囊被滥用者粉碎,例如在研钵中研碎,用优选的含水的液体将活性成分从得到的粉末中提取出来,并且将得到的溶液任选地通过棉绒或纤维素填充物进行过滤后,被非肠道,特别是静脉给药。与滥用的口服给药相比,这种给药方式的另一个现象是进一步加快了活性成分水平的提高,给滥用者所需要的效果,即“突跳”或“冲击”。如果这种粉末药剂经鼻给药,即吸入的话,也可以获得这种突跳。即使口服滥用大量的的含有滥用可能性的活性成分的剂型也不能使滥用者产生所需要的突跳。为了被滥用,这种剂型也被粉碎并且进行提取。
US-A4070494建议向剂型中增加一种可膨胀的制剂以防止滥用。当添加水来提取活性成分时,这种制剂膨胀并且确保从凝胶中分离出来的滤液仅含有少量的活性成分。
在WO 95/20947中公开的多层片剂是基于与防止非肠道滥用的相似的方法,所述的片剂含有可能滥用的活性成分和至少一种凝胶形成剂,每一种在不同的层。
WO 03/015531 A2公开了防止非肠道滥用的另一种方法。其中描述了含有鸦片与作为嫌恶剂的染料的剂型。释放颜色使剂型改变的目的是防止滥用者使用已被改变的剂型。
另一种使滥用复杂化的公知的方案包括将活性成分的拮抗剂添加到剂型中,如就鸦片来说的纳洛酮或纳曲酮,或引起生理性防御反应的化合物,如吐根(吐根)的根。
然而,因为在多数滥用的情况下将包括适于滥用的活性成分的剂型进行粉碎仍然是必要的,所以本发明的目的是使可能的滥用者通常使用的将剂型粉碎滥用的方法复杂化或予以阻止,并且相应提供一种用于具有滥用可能性的活性成分的剂型。它确保了当正确给药时,达到需要的治疗效果。但是,活性成分不能通过简单的粉碎转变成适于滥用的剂型。
所述的目的已经通过提供根据本发明提供的不经挤出的热成型的防止滥用的剂型而达到,该剂型包括除了一种或多种具有滥用可能性的活性成分(A)外;还包括至少一种合成的或天然的聚合物(C)以及任选地至少一种蜡(D),其中组分(C)和任选地存在的组分(D)均显示至少500N的断裂强度。
使用具有所述的最小断裂强度(如本申请所述测量的)的聚合物,优选其数量使该剂型也显示这样的至少500N的最小断裂强度,这意味着将该剂型用常规的方法进行粉碎是相当难的。因此,使随后的滥用相当地复杂或阻止其滥用。
如果粉碎不完全,则非肠道,尤其是静脉给药不能安全进行或者活性成分的提取对于滥用者来说需花太长时间,或者当被口服时没有“突跳”,因为释放不是同时的。
根据本发明,粉碎是指采用滥用者可利用的常规的粉碎方式,如研钵和研杵、锤子、短锤或其他用力粉碎的常用工具将剂型粉末化。
根据本发明的剂型适于防止活性成分,优选具有滥用可能性的药物活性成分的非肠道、经鼻和/或经口的滥用。
具有滥用可能性的药物活性成分如它们的用量和制备方法是本领域技术人员公知的,而且它们也可以以根据本发明的剂型形式存在,如它们的对应的衍生物、特别是酯或醚;或在每种情况下的对应的生理上可接受的化合物,特别是它们的盐或溶剂化物形式以及外消旋体或立体异构体。根据本发明的剂型也适合施用两种或多种药物活性成分。该剂型优选仅包括一种特定的活性成分。
根据本发明的剂型特别适合防止选自类鸦片、安定剂,优选苯并二氮杂类、巴比妥盐、刺激剂和其它的麻醉剂的药物活性成分的滥用。
根据本发明的剂型也特别适合防止类鸦片、安定剂或另一种选自下列的麻醉剂:N-{1-[2-(4-乙基-5-氧基-2-四唑啉-1-基)乙基]-4-甲氧基甲基-4-哌啶基}-N-丙酰苯胺(阿芬他尼)、5,5-二烯丙基巴比妥酸(阿洛巴比妥)、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、8-氯-1-甲基-6-苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a][1,4]-苯并二氮杂(三唑安定)、2-二乙基氨基苯并·乙基(甲)酮(二乙氨苯丙酮)、(±)-a-甲基-苯乙胺(苯丙胺)、2-(a-甲基苯乙氨基)-2-苯基丙酮腈(amphetaminil)、5-乙基-5-异戊基巴比妥酸(异戊巴比妥)、阿尼利定、阿扑可待因、5,5-二乙基巴比妥酸(巴比妥钠)、苄基吗啡、bezitramide、7-溴-5-(2-吡啶)-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(溴吡二氮杂)、2-溴-4-(2-氯苯基)-9-甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑-[4,3-a][1,4]二氮杂草(溴替唑仑)、17-环丙基甲基-4,5a-环氧基-7a[(S)-1-羟基-1,2,2-三甲基-丙基]-6-甲氧基-6,14-内-桥亚乙基吗啡喃-3-醇(丁丙诺啡)、5-丁基-5-乙基巴比妥酸(丁巴比妥)、丁啡喃、(7-氯-1,3-二氢-1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-3-基)二甲基氨基甲酸酯(卡马西泮)、(1S,2S)-2-氨基-1-苯基-1-丙醇(去甲伪麻黄碱/D-去甲伪麻黄碱)、7-氯-N-甲基-5-苯基-3H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2-基胺-4-氧化物(甲氨二氮杂)、7-氯-1-甲基-5-苯基-1H-1,5-苯并二氮杂-2,4(3H,5H)-二酮(氧异安定)、5-(2-氯苯基)-7-硝基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(氯硝西泮)、氯尼他秦、7-氯-2,3-二氢-2-氧代-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-3-羧酸(氯氮杂)、5-(2-氯苯基)-7-乙基-1-甲基-1H-噻吩并[2,3-e][1,4]二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(clotiazepam)、10-氯-11b-(2-氯苯基)-2,3,7,11b-四氢化唑-[3,2-d][1,4]苯并二氮杂-6(5H)-酮(氯羟喹)、(-)-甲基-[3β-苯甲酸基-2β(1aH,5aH)-托烷羧酸酯](可卡因)、4,5a-环氧基-3-甲氧基-17甲基-7-吗啡喃-6a-醇(可待因)、5-(1-环己基)-5-乙基巴比妥酸(环巴比妥)、cyclorphan、环丙诺啡、7-氯-5-(2-氯苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(地洛西泮)、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、吗拉胺、(+)-(1-苄基-3-二甲基氨基-2-甲基-1-苯丙基)丙酸酯(右丙氧芬)、地佐辛、diampromide、diamorphone、7-氯-1-甲基-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(安定)、4,5a-环氧基-3-甲氧基-17-甲基-6a-吗啡醇(二氢可待因)、4,5α-环氧基-17-甲基-3,6a-吗啡二醇(二氢吗啡)、dimenoxadol、地美庚醇、二甲基thiambutene、dioxaphetylbutyrate、dipipanone、(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-三甲基-3-戊基-6a,7,8,10a-四氢-6H-苯并[c]色烯-1-醇(dronabinol)、eptazocine、8-氯-6-苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a][1,4]苯并二氮杂(艾司唑仑)、乙痛新、乙基甲基thiambutene、乙基[7-氯-5-(2-氟苯基)-2,3-二氢-2-氧代-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-3-羧酸酯](乙基loflazepate)、4,5a-环氧基-3-乙氧基-17-甲基-7-吗啡喃-6α-醇(乙基吗啡)、etonitazene、4,5α-环氧基-7α-(1-羟基-1-甲基丁基)-6-甲氧基-17-甲基-6,14-内-亚乙烯基-吗啡喃-3-醇(埃托酚)、N-乙基-3-苯基-8,9,10-三降冰片基-2-基胺(fencamfamine)、7-[2-(α-甲基-苯乙氨基)-乙基]-茶碱)(芬乙茶碱)、3-(α-甲基苯乙氨基)丙腈(fenproporex)、N-(1-苯乙基-4-哌啶)丙腈(芬太尼)、7-氯-5-(2-氟苯基)-1-甲基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(氟代苯甲二氮杂)、5-(2-氟苯基)-1-甲基-7-硝基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(氟硝西泮)、7-氯-1-(2-二乙基氨基乙基)-5-(2-氟苯基)-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(氟胺安定)、7-氯-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(哈拉西泮)、10-溴-11b-(2-氟苯基)-2,3,7,11b-四氢[1,3]唑[3,2-d][1,4]苯并二氮杂-6(5H)-酮(haloxazolam)、海洛因、4,5α-环氧基-3-甲氧基-17-甲基-6-吗啡喃酮(氢可酮)、4,5α-环氧基-3-甲氧基-17-甲基-6-吗啡喃酮(氢化吗啡酮)、羟基哌替啶、异美沙酮、羟甲基morphinane、11-氯-8,12b-二氢-2,8-二甲基-12b-苯基-4H-[1,3]]嗪[3,2-d][1,4]苯并二氮杂-4,7(6H)-二酮(凯他唑仑)、1-[4-(3-羟苯基-1-甲基-4-哌啶)-1-丙酮(凯托朱酮)、(3S,6S)-6-二甲基氨基-4,4-二苯基庚烷-3-基乙酸酯(levacetylmethadol(LAAM))、(-)-6-二甲基-氨基-4,4-二酚基-3-庚酮(levomethadone)、(-)-17-甲基-3-吗啡喃醇(左啡诺)、左苯甲酰基吗啡、lofentanil、6-(2-氯苯基)-2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪亚甲基)-8-硝基-2H-咪唑并[1,2-a][1,4]-苯并二氮杂-1(4H)-酮(氯普唑仑)、7-氯-5-(2-氯苯基)-3-羟基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(lorazepam)、7-氯-5-(2-氯苯基)-3-羟基-1-甲基-1H-1,4苯并二氮杂-2(3H)酮(lormetazepam)、5-(4-氯苯基)-2,5-二氢-3H-咪唑并[2,1-a]异吲哚-5-醇(马吲哚)、7-氯-2,3-二氢-1-甲基-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂(去氧安定)、N-(3-氯丙基)-α-甲基苯乙基氨基(美芬雷司)、哌替啶、2-甲基-2-丙基三亚甲基二氨基甲酸酯(异丙基眠尔通)、美普他酚、美他佐辛、甲基吗啡、N,α-二甲基苯乙胺(脱氧麻黄碱)、(±)-6-二甲基氨基-4,4-二苯基-3-庚酮(美沙酮)、2-甲基-3-O-甲苯基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(安眠酮)、甲基[2-苯基-2-(2-哌啶基)乙酸酯](苯哌啶醋酸甲酯)、5-乙基-1-甲基-5-苯基巴比妥酸(甲苯巴比妥)、3,3-二甲基-5-甲基-2,4-哌啶二酮(甲普龙)、美托酮、8-氯-6-(2-氟苯基)-1-甲基-4H-咪唑并[1,5-a][1,4]苯并二氮杂(咪达唑仑)、2-(二苯甲基亚硫酰基)-乙酰胺(莫达非尼)、4,5α-环氧基-17-甲基-7-吗啡喃-3,6α-二醇(吗啡)、myrophine、(±)-反-3-(1,1-二甲基庚基)-7,8,10,10α-四氢-1-羟基-6,6-二甲基-6H-二苯并[b,d]吡喃-9(6αH)-酮(nabilone)、环丁甲羟氢吗啡、烯丙吗啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、1-甲基-7-硝基-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(硝甲西泮)、7-硝基-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(硝西泮)、7-氯-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(去甲西泮)、去甲左啡诺、6-二甲基氨基-4,4-二苯基-3-己酮(normethadone)、诺吗啡、诺匹哌酮、属于Papaver sommniferum(鸦片)种的植物的渗出物、7-氯-3-羟基-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(奥沙西泮)、(顺-反-10,氯-2,3,7,11b-四氢-2-甲基-11b-苯唑[3,2-d][1,4]苯并二氮杂-6-(5H)-酮(oxazolam)、4,5α-环氧基-14-羟基-3-甲氧基-17-甲基-6-吗啡喃酮(羟考酮)、oxymorphone、属于Papaver sommniferum(包括setigerum亚种)种的植物和植物部分、阿片全碱、2-亚氨基-5-苯基-4-唑酮(pernoline)、1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢-6,11-二甲基-3-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)-2,6-亚甲基-3-苯并氮杂因-8-醇(镇痛新)、5-乙基-5-(1-甲基丁基)-巴比妥酸(戊巴比妥)、乙基(1-甲基-4-苯基-4-哌啶羧酸酯)(哌替啶)、非那多松、非诺啡烷、非那唑辛、苯哌利定、去痛定、pholcodine、3-甲基-2-苯基吗啉(芬美曲嗪)、5-乙基-5-苯巴比妥酸(苯巴比妥)、α,α-二甲基苯乙胺(苯丁胺)、7-氯-5-苯基-1-(2-丙炔基)1H-1,4-苯丙二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(匹那西泮)、α-(2-哌啶)二苯甲醇(哌苯甲醇)、1’-(3-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙基)[1,4’-二哌啶]-4’-酰胺(哌嗪米特)、7-氯-1-(环丙基甲基)-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(环丙二氮杂)、普罗法朵、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利啶、propoxyphene、N-(1-甲基-2-哌啶乙基)N-(2-吡啶)丙酰胺、甲基{3-[4-甲氧基羰基-4-(N-苯基丙氨基)哌啶]丙酸酯}(remifentanil)、5-仲-丁基-5-乙基巴比妥酸(secbuta巴比妥)、5-烯丙基-5-(1-甲基丙基)-巴比妥酸(司可巴比妥)、N-{4-甲氧基甲基-1-[2-(2-噻吩基)乙基]-4-哌啶}-N-丙酰苯胺(sufentanil)、7-氯-2-羟基-甲基-5-苯基-1H-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(羟基安定)、7-氯-5-(1-环己基)-1-甲基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2(3H)-酮(tetrazepam)、乙基(2-二甲基氨基-1-苯基-3-环己烯基-1-羧酸酯)(替立定(顺式和反式))、曲蚂多、8-氯-6-(2-氯苯基)-1-甲基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a][1,4]苯并二氮杂(三唑苯并二氮杂)、5-(1-甲基丁基)-5-乙烯基巴比妥酸(vinylbital)、(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基)-酚、(1R,2R,4S)-2-(二甲基氨基)甲基-4-(对-氟苄氧基)-1-(间-甲氧基苯基)环己醇、(1R,2R)-3-(2-二甲基氨基-甲基环己基)酚、(1S,2S)-3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基)酚、(2R,3R)-1-二甲基氨基-3(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-戊基-3-醇、(1RS,3RS,6RS)-6-二甲基氨甲基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-环己基-1,3-二醇,优选外消旋体、3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯基2-(4-异丙基-苯基)-丙酸酯、3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)2-(6-甲氧基-萘-2-基)-丙酸酯、3-(2-二甲基氨基-甲基-环己基-1-烯基)苯基2-(4-异丙基-苯基)-丙酸酯、3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-环己基-1-烯基)-苯基2-(6-甲氧基-萘基-2-基)-丙酸酯、(RR-SS)-2-乙酸基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯酯、(RR-SS)-4-氯-2-羟基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-甲氧基--苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-5-硝基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、(RR-SS)-2’,4’-二氟-3-羟基-二苯基-4-羧酸3-(2-二甲基氨甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯和对应的立体异构化合物、它们每一种对应的衍生物,特别是酰胺、酯或醚、以及它们每一种的生理上可接受的化合物、特别是它们的盐和溶剂化物,特别优选盐酸盐。
根据本发明的剂型特别适合于防止选自羟考酮、氢化吗啡酮、吗啡和曲蚂多以及它们生理上可接受的衍生物或化合物,优选它们的盐和溶剂化物,优选盐酸盐的类鸦片活性成分的滥用。
根据本发明的药剂进一步特别适合于防止选自下列类鸦片活性成分的滥用:(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基)-酚、(2R,3R)-1-二甲基氨基-3-甲氧基-苯基)-2-戊烷-3-醇、(1RS,3RS,6RS)-6-二甲基氨基甲基-1-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-环己基-1,3-二醇、(1R,2R)-3-(2-二甲基氨基乙基-环己基)-酚、它们的生理上可接受的盐和溶剂,优选盐酸盐、生理上可接受的对映异构体、立体异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体以及它们的生理上可接受的衍生物,优选醚、酯或酰胺。
这些化合物及其制备方法被描述在EP-A-693475或EP-A-780369中。相应的说明在这里引作参考并且被视作公开的一部分。
为了得到根据本发明的剂型的必要的断裂强度,至少要使用一种合成的或天然的聚合物(C),该聚合物具有通过使用本申请公开的方法测量的至少500N的断裂强度。为了达到这个目的,使用至少一种选自聚环氧烷,优选聚氧亚甲基、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯及其共聚物;优选至少两种所述的共聚物的混合物。优选热塑性的高分子量的聚环氧烷。特别优选通过流变测量的具有至少0.5兆,优选至少1兆至15兆的分子量的高分子量的聚环氧乙烷。这些聚合物的粘度用型号为RVF Brookfield的粘度计(转轴2号/转速2rpm)在5重量%的含水溶液中测量,在25℃下为4500-17600cP,用所述粘度计(转轴1号或3号/转速10rpm)在2重量%的含水溶液中测量粘度为400-4000cP或用所述粘度计(转轴2号/转速10rpm)在1重量%的含水溶液中测量粘度为1650-10000cP。
聚合物优选使用粉末形式。可以将它们溶解在水中。
为了得到根据本发明的剂型的必要的断裂强度,更可能另外使用至少一种天然的或合成的蜡(D),该蜡具有通过使用本申请公开的方法测量的至少500N的断裂强度。优选具有在至少60℃的软化点的蜡。巴西棕榈蜡和蜂蜡是特别优选的。巴西棕榈是更特别优选的。巴西棕榈蜡是从巴西棕榈的叶子中获得的天然蜡,具有在至少80℃的软化点。当该蜡成分被另外使用时,它与至少一种聚合物(C)一起使用,用量使该剂型具有至少500N的断裂强度。
相对于剂型的总重量,组分(C)的使用量优选为35-99.9重量%,特别优选至少50重量%,更特别优选至少60重量%。
可被使用的辅料物质(B)是那些用于配制固体剂型的常规的已知辅料物质。这些是优选的增塑剂,如聚乙二醇、影响活性成分释放的辅料物质,优选疏水性的或亲水性的,优选亲水性的聚合物,更特别优选羟丙基纤维素、和/或抗氧化剂。合适的抗氧化剂是抗坏血酸、丁基羟基苯甲醚、丁基羟基甲苯、抗坏血酸盐、一硫代甘油、亚磷酸、维生素C、维生素E及其衍生物、亚硫酸氢钠、特别优选丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)或丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)和α-生育酚。
相对于剂型的总重量,抗氧化剂的使用量优选0.01-10重量%,特别优选0.03-5重量%。
根据本发明的剂型的特征在于它们的硬度,它们不能被粉碎,例如用研钵和研杵磨碎。这样实际上排除了口服或非肠道,特别是静脉或经鼻的滥用。然而,为了防止根据本发明的剂型的任何可能的滥用,在优选实施方式中,根据本发明的剂型可以进一步包含作为辅料物质(B)的使滥用复杂化或防止滥用的的制剂。
根据本发明的防止滥用的剂型除了一种或多种滥用可能性的活性成分外,还包含至少一种硬化的聚合物(C)和任选地至少一种蜡(D),也可以相应地含有至少一种下列的作为辅料物质(B)的组分(a)-(e):
(a)至少一种刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质;
(b)至少一种增粘剂,该增粘剂借助于必需的最小量的含水液体与从该剂型获得的提取物形成一种凝胶,该凝胶优选当将其加入到更多量的含水液体时,可直观地识别出来。
(c)至少一种具有滥用可能性的活性成分的拮抗剂;
(d)至少一种催吐剂;
(e)至少一种作为嫌恶剂的染料;
(f)至少一种苦味物质。
组分(a)-(f)每一种是单独地另外适用于根据本发明的防止滥用的剂型。相应地,组分(a)优选适于防止鼻、口服和/或非肠道优选静脉滥用的剂型。组分(b)优选适于防止,特别优选静脉和/或鼻滥用的剂型。组分(c)优选适于防止鼻和/或非肠道,特别优选静脉滥用的剂型。组分(d)优选适于防止非肠道,特别优选静脉和/或口服和/或鼻滥用的剂型。组分(e)适于作为可视的防止口服或非肠道滥用的阻滞剂。组分(f)适于防止口服或鼻的滥用的剂型。将至少上述提到的一种组分的根据本发明结合使用使更有效地防止根据本发明的剂型的滥用成为可能。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的剂型也可以包含组分(a)-(f)的两种或多种的组合,优选(a)、(b)和任选地(c)和/或(f)和/或(e);或(a)、(b)和任选地(d)和/或(f)和/或(e)。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的剂型可以包含所有的(a)-(f)组分。
如果为防止滥用根据本发明的剂型包括组分(a),则根据本发明被视为刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质是那些当通过鼻道和/或咽给药时,引起生理反应的任何物质,所述生理反应既可以是使滥用者不愉快以致于他/她不希望或不能继续服用,如灼烧,也可以是服用了对应的活性成分的生理抵抗反应,如由此增加了鼻分泌物或打喷嚏。当这些常规刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质通过非肠道,特别是静脉给药时,可以引起非常不愉快的感觉,甚至不能忍受,使得滥用者不希望或不能继续服用该物质。
刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质特别合适的物质是那些引起灼烧、痒、想打喷嚏、增加分泌物或这些刺激中至少两种的组合的物质。常规使用的合适的物质和含量对于技术人员来说是已知的或可以通过简单初步测试可以鉴定的。
组分(a)的刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质优选基于一种或多种成分、或一种或多种至少一种热物质药物的植物部分。
对应的热物质药物对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的,并且在由Hildebert Wagner教授博士所著的“Pharmazeutische Biologie-Drogenund ihre Inhaltsstoffe”第二版,修订版,Gustav Fischer Verlag,Stuttgart-New York,1982,82页,et seq..中进行了描述。那里对应的描述被引作参考,并且被视为公开的一部分。
剂量单位是指分离的或可分离的给药单位,如片剂或胶囊。
可以将至少下列一种热物质药物中的一种或多种成分作为组分(a)添加到根据本发明的剂型中:Allii sativi bulbus(蒜)、Asari rhizomacum herba(细辛根和叶)、Calami rhizoma(菖蒲根)、Capsici fructus(辣椒)、Capsici fructus acer(番椒)、Curcumae longae rhizoma(郁金香根)、Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma(Javanese郁金香根)、Galangae rhizoma(良姜根)、Myristicae semen(肉豆蔻)、Piperis nigrifructus(花椒)、Sinapis albae semen(白芥菜种子)、Sinapis nigri semen(黑芥菜种子)、Zedoariae rhizoma(蓬莪术根)和Zingiberis rhizoma(姜根)、特别优选选自Capsici fructus(辣椒)、Capsici fructus acer(cayenne番椒)和Piperis nigri fructus(番椒)的一种药物。
热物质药物的成分优选包括邻甲氧基(甲基)酚化合物、酰胺化合物、芥子油或硫化物或由它们衍生的化合物。
特别优选选自下列热物质药物的至少一种成分:肉豆蔻醚、榄香素、异丁香酚、β-细辛脑、黄樟脑、姜醇、黄根醇、capsaicinoids,优选辣椒碱、辣椒碱衍生物,如N-香草基-9E-十八烯酰胺、二氢辣椒碱、去甲二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、去甲辣椒碱和nomor辣椒碱、胡椒碱,优选反-胡椒碱、硫代葡糖酸盐,优选基于非挥发的芥子油,特别优选基于对-羟苄基芥子油,甲基巯基芥子油或甲基磺酰芥子油和这些成分衍生的化合物。
根据本发明的剂型可以优选包含0.01-30重量%的对应的热物质药物的植物部分,特别优选包含0.1-0.5重量%,每一种相对于剂量单位的总重量。
如果使用对应的热物质药物的一种或多种成分,则在根据本发明的剂量单位中它们的含量优选为0.001-0.005重量%,相对于剂量单位的总重量。
根据本发明的防止剂型滥用的另一个方案在于将作为进一步防止滥用的组分(b)的至少一种增粘剂加入到剂型中,借助于必需的最少量的含水液体与从该剂型获得的提取物形成凝胶,该凝胶实质上不能安全服用,并且优选当将其加入到更多量的含水液体中时,可直观地识别出来。
为了达到本发明的目的,直观地识别是指将在借助于必需的最少量的含水液体所形成的含有活性成分的凝胶加入到,优选借助于皮下针在37℃下的更多量的含水液体时,该凝胶仍然基本上是不溶的,而且是粘性的,并且不能以一种可以被非肠道,特别是静脉内安全给药的方式被直接分散。这种材料优选保持至少1分钟,优选至少10分钟的直观识别。
提取物的增加的粘度使得它更难或者甚至不可能穿过针或被注射。如果凝胶是可直观识别的,这意味着将获得的凝胶加入到更多量的含水液体中,如注射到血液中时,开始它是大量的粘性的线的形式,它事实上可以被分解为更小的碎片,它不能被分散或者甚至以一种可以被非肠道,特别是静脉安全给药的方式被溶解。与至少一种任选存在的组分(a)-(e)组合,这又引起不愉快的灼烧、呕吐、口味差和/或可视的阻止。
将这样的凝胶静脉给药最可能导致血管阻塞,对滥用者的健康造成严重的伤害。
为了验证是否一种增粘剂适合用作根据本发明剂型的组分(b),将活性成分与增粘剂混合,并且悬浮在温度为25℃下的10ml的水中。如果这样形成的凝胶满足上述的条件,则对应的增粘剂适合用于防止或避免根据本发明的剂型的滥用。
如果将组分(b)添加到根据本发明的剂型中,则使用一种或多种选自下列的增粘剂:含有11重量%的羧甲基纤维素钠(AvicelRC591)的微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠(Blanose,CMC-Na C300P,Frimulsion BLC-5,Tylose C300 P)、聚丙烯酸(Carbopol980 NF,Carbopol981)、角豆粉(Cesagum LA-200,Cesagum LID/150,Cesagum LN-1)、果胶,优选橘果或苹果(CesapectinHM MediumRapid Set)、蜡状的玉米淀粉(C*Gel 04201)、藻酸钠(FrimulsionALG(E401))、瓜耳胶粉(Frimulsion BM,Polygum 26/1-75)、iota角叉菜(Frimulsion D021)、刺梧桐树胶、胶凝糖树胶(KelcogelF,Kelcogel LTl00)、半乳甘露聚糖(Meyprogat 150)、tara豆粉(Polygum 43/1)、丙二醇藻酸酯(Protanal-Ester SD-LB)、透明质酸钠、黄蓍胶、tara树胶(Vidogum SP 200)、发酵的多糖welan树胶(K1A96)、黄原酸胶(Xantural 180)。黄原胶是特别优选的。在括号中提及的名称是商业上已知材料的商标名。通常,0.1-20重量%,特别优选0.1-15重量%的所述的增粘剂足以满足上述的条件。
提供的组分(b)增粘剂优选以≥5mg每剂量单位,即每给药单位的数量存在于根据本发明的剂型中。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中,用作组分(b)的增粘剂是那些借助于必需的最少量的含水液体在从剂型的提取中形成的封有空气气泡的凝胶。得到的凝胶可以通过混浊现象识别,这样提供给可能的滥用者又一个视觉的警告,并且阻止他或她经过非肠道给药该凝胶。
组分(C)也可以任选地用作另一种借助于必需的最少量的含水液体形成凝胶的增粘剂。
在根据本发明的剂型中将增粘剂与其他的成分配制成在空间上排列成相互分离的方式也是可能的。
为了阻止和防止滥用,根据本发明的剂型可以更进一步地包含组分(c),即具有滥用可能性的那个或那些活性成分的一种或多种拮抗剂,其中拮抗剂优选在空间上与根据本发明的剂型的其余成分是分离的,并且当正确使用时它们不会产生任何作用。
用于防止活性成分滥用的合适的拮抗剂对于本领域技术人员本身是已知的,并且可以在根据本发明的剂型中以那样的形式存在,或以对应的衍生物,特别是酯或醚的形式、或在每种情形下以对应的生理上可接受的化合物,特别是以它们的盐或溶剂化物的形式存在。
如果存在在剂型中的活性成分是类鸦片,则所用的拮抗剂优选选自纳洛酮、纳曲酮、纳美芬、nalid、纳美酮、烯丙吗啡或naluphine,在每种情形下任选地以对应的生理上可接受的化合物形式,特别是以碱、盐或溶剂化物的形式存在。对应的拮抗剂,当提供组分(c)时,其优选用量≥1mg,特别优选3-100mg,更优选5-50mg每剂型,即每给药单位。
如果根据本发明的剂型包括作为活性成分的刺激剂,则该拮抗剂优选是安定药,优选至少一种选自氟哌啶醇、普鲁米近、氟奋乃静、奋乃静、甲氧异丁嗪、甲硫达嗪、培拉嗪、氯丙嗪、氯普噻吨、zuclopentixol、三氟噻醇、丙硫喷地、佐替平、benperidol、匹泮哌隆、美哌隆和bromperidol的化合物。
根据本发明的剂型优选包括本领域技术人员已知的常规治疗剂量的这些拮抗剂,特别优选剂量是每给药单位常规剂量的2-4倍。
用于防止活性成分滥用的合适的催吐药是本领域技术人员已知的,并且可以在根据本发明的剂型中以那样的形式存在,或以对应的衍生物,特别是酯或醚的形式、或在每种情形下以生理上可接受的化合物,特别是以它们的盐或溶剂化物的形式存在。
如果为了阻止或防止根据本发明的剂型的滥用的组合物包括组分(d),则它可以包括至少一种催吐药,它优选以与根据本发明剂型的其它成分在空间上相互分离排列的方式存在。当它们被正确使用时,在身体里不会发生作用。
基于吐根(吐根)根的一种或多种成分,优选基于成分吐根碱的催吐药可以被优选在根据本发明的剂型中考虑,如在由HildebertWagner教授博士所著的“Pharmazeutische Biologie-Drogen und ihreInhaltsstoffe”第二版,修订版,Gustav Fischer Verlag,Stuttgart-NewYork,1982,82页,et seq..中描述的那样。那里对应的描述被引作参考,并且被视为公开的一部分。
根据本发明的剂型可以优选包括作为组分(d)的吐根碱,优选含量≥3mg,特别优选≥10mg,更特别优选≥20mg每剂型,即给药单位。
阿朴吗啡也可以同样优选用作根据本发明的防止滥用的催吐药,优选含量≥3mg,特别优选≥5mg,更特别优选≥7mg每给药单位。
如果根据本发明的剂型包含作为进一步防止滥用的辅助物质的组分(e),使用这样的染料引起对应的水溶液着色很深,特别当试图为非肠道,优选静脉给药而提取活性成分时,着色可以起到阻止可能的滥用者的作用。常规以通过活性成分的水提取开始的口服滥用也可以通过这种着色被阻止。进行阻止必需的合适的染料和含量在WO03/015531中可以发现。其中对应的公开应当被视为本发明公开的一部分,并且因而被引作参考。
如果根据本发明的剂型包含作为进一步防止滥用的辅助物质的组分(f),则这种至少一种苦味物质的添加以及必然的剂型的口味的破坏也防止口服和/或经鼻的滥用。
合适的苦味物质和使用的有效剂量可以在US-2003/0064-99A1中发现,其中对应的公开应视为本申请的公开,并且因而被引作参考。合适的苦味物质优选芳香油,优选薄荷油、桉树油、苦杏仁油、薄荷醇、水果香味物质,优选香味物质选自柠檬、橘、白柠檬、葡萄或它们的混合物,和/或denatonium benzoate(Bitrex)。denatoniumbenzoate是特别优选的。
根据本发明的固体剂型适合于口服、阴道或经直肠施用,优选口服。该剂型优选不是膜形式的。
根据本发明的剂型可以采取多粒子形式,优选微片、微胶囊、微丸、颗粒、球体、滴丸,任选包裹在胶囊中或压成片剂形式,优选口服给药。多粒子形式优选大小或大小分布在0.1-3mm范围内,特别优选在0.5-2mm范围内。取决于所需要的剂型,常规的辅助物质(B)也可任选地用于该剂型的配制。
根据本发明的防止滥用的固体剂型优选不用挤压机通过混合组分(A)、(B)、(C)和任选(D)以及任选地至少一种任选存在的进一步的防止滥用的组分(a)-(f),或必要的话,通过添加组分(C)和任选地(D)进行单独混合,以及任选地在制粒后,通过对制得的混合物施加力并且在此之前或与此同时进行加热以成型来制造该剂型。
进行加热和应用施力来制造剂型是不使用挤压机进行的。
将组分(A)、(B)、(C)、任选地(D)混合和将任选存在的进一步的组分(a)-(f)混合以及任选地将(C)和任选存在的组分(D)混合是任选地在本领域技术人员已知的混合机中进行的。混合机可以是例如滚轴混合机、摇振混合机、剪切混合机或桨式混合机。
优选直接通过对制得的混合物施加力并且在此之前或与此同时加热以成型来产生根据本发明的剂型。该混合物可以例如通过直接的压片而被制成片剂。在用同时加热进行直接压片中,压片用具,即底部冲孔、顶端冲孔和冲模被短时加热到至少聚合物组分(C)的软化温度,并且一起压制。在之前加热而直接压片中,将欲被压制的材料在压片之前立即加热到至少聚合物组分(C)的软化温度,然后用压片用具进行压片。
制得的组分(A)、(B)、(C)和任选(D)以及任选存在的组分(a)-(f)的混合物,或这些组分(a)-(f)中的至少一种与组分(C)的混合物也可以首先被粒化,然后通过施加力并且在此之前或与此同时加热来成型以产生根据本发明的剂型。
当施加力时,施加到剂型达到了至少500N的断裂硬度为止。
制粒可以在已知的制粒机中通过湿法制粒或熔融制粒而完成。
前面提及的每一加工步骤,特别是加热步骤和同时或随后的应用施力来制备根据本发明的剂型的进行都不使用挤压机。
在进一步的优选实施方式中,根据本发明的剂型采用片剂、胶囊的形式,或以口服渗透治疗系统(OROS)的形式,优选如果至少一种进一步防止滥用的组分(a)-(f)也是存在的话。
如果在根据本发明的剂型中存在组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f),必须注意确保它们以这样的方式被配制或以这样的低剂量存在,即当正确地给药时,所述的组分能够实质上不会损害病人或破坏活性成分的效力。
如果根据本发明的剂型包括组分(d)和/或(f),则必须对剂量进行选择,以使当正确口服给药时,不会引起负作用。但是,如果在滥用的情况下,超过剂型所需要的剂量,则引起恶心、想要呕吐或口味差。在正确的口服给药的情况下,病人仍然可以容忍的组分(d)和/或(f)的特别的含量可以由本领域技术人员通过简单的初步测试来测定。
然而,如果不考虑根据本发明的剂型实质上是不可能粉碎的事实,则含有组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)的剂型被提供保护,这些组分应当优选被以足够高的剂量使用,使得滥用服用时,它们给滥用者带来强烈的负作用。这个优选通过将至少一种活性成分或多种活性成分与组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)空间分离获得,其中这种活性成分或这些活性成分在至少一个亚单位(X)中存在,并且组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)在至少一个亚单位(Y)中存在;并且当剂型被正确给药时,组分(c)、(d)和(f)在服用时和/或在身体中不会产生作用,并且制剂的其余的组分,特别是组分(C)和任选地(D)是一样的。
如果根据本发明的剂型包括组分(c)和(d)或(f)中的至少2种,则这些可以每一种在同样的或不同的亚单位(Y)中存在。优选地,当它们存在时,所有的组分(c)和(d)和(f)在一个并且相同的亚单位(Y)中存在。
为了达到本发明的目的,亚单位是固体制剂,在每种情况下,除了本领域技术人员已知的常规辅助物质外,该固体制剂包含活性成分、至少一种聚合物(C)和任选存在的组分(D)和任选地至少一种任选存在组分(a)和/或(b)和/或(e),或在每种情况下,至少一种聚合物(C)和任选地(D)和拮抗剂和/或催吐剂和/或组分(e)和/或组分(f)和任选地至少一种任选存在的组分(a)和/或(b)。这里必须小心地确保每一个亚单位根据前面提及的方法进行配制。
将活性成分与在根据本发明的剂型的亚单位(X)和(Y)中的组分(c)或(d)或(f)单独配制的一个显著的优势是:当正确给药时,组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)在服用时或在身体里很难释放,或者释放量很小,因此,它们在通过病人身体时,不会损害病人或影响治疗效果,它们仅被释放到它们不能被大量地吸附的有效作用的位点。当这种剂型正确给药时,优选几乎没有任何的组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)被释放到病人的身体里,或者它们不会被病人注意到。
本领域技术人员将理解前述所述的条件可以随使用的特定的组分(c)、(d)和/或(f)的功能以及亚单位的配制或剂型的不同而变化。用于特定剂型的最佳配制可以通过简单的初步测试了测量。关键的是每个亚单位包含聚合物(C)和任选地组分(D),并且以前面所述的方式进行配制。
如果与预期相反,滥用者成功地将根据本发明的这样的剂型粉碎,该剂型包括在亚单位(Y)中组分(c)和/或(e)和/或(d)和/或(f),为了滥用活性成分以及获得用合适的提取剂提取的粉末,则获得的不仅活性成分,而且特别是组分(c)和/或(e)和/或(f)和/或(d)将被以一种不容易与活性成分分离的形式被获得,这样的话,当服用已经被擅自改变的剂型时,特别是口服和/或非肠道给药时,在服用时和/或在身体里将发挥作用,并且对滥用产生对应的组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)的负作用,或者当试图提取活性成分时,着色将作为阻滞剂发生作用并且因此防止该剂型的滥用。
根据本发明的剂型,其中,这种活性成分或这些活性成分与组分(c)、(d)和/或(e)在空间上是分离的,优选被配制在不同的亚单位中,该剂型可以通过不同的方式配制,其中,条件是满足前面提及的释放组分(c)和/或(d)的条件,在对应的亚单位中每一种都可以以任何相对于另一个所需的空间排列方式在根据本发明的剂型中存在。
本领域技术人员将理解也是任选存在的组分(a)和/或也是优选存在的(b)可以优选被配制在根据本发明的剂型中的特定的亚单位(X)和(Y)中以及以对应于亚单位(X)和(Y)的单独的亚单位的形式存在,条件是防止滥用和在正确给药情况下都不会被制剂的性质破坏,并且聚合物(C)和任选地(D)包括在制剂中,为了获得必要的硬度,该制剂根据前面提及的方法来制备。
在根据本发明剂型的一个优选实施方式中,亚单位(X)和(Y)以多粒子形式存在,其中优选微片、微胶囊、微丸、颗粒、球体、珠或丸,并且亚单位(X)和亚单位(Y)选择相同的形式,即形状,这样通过机械选择不可能将亚单位(X)与(Y)分离。这种多粒子形式优选大小在0.1至3mm,优选0.5至2mm范围内。
多粒子形式的亚单位(X)和(Y)也可以优选被包装在胶囊中或压成片剂,其中在每种情况下的最终的配制是以亚单位(X)和(Y)也保留在制得的剂型中的方式进行的。
相同形状的亚单位(X)和(Y)应当也是不能彼此直观识别出来的,这样的话,滥用者不能通过简单的分类将它们彼此分离开来。这种,例如可以通过应用相同的包衣获得,所述的包衣除了具有伪装的功能外,也可以合并其它的功能,如一种或多种活性成分的控释或者提供特定的亚单位的最终抵抗胃酸的作用。
多粒子亚单位也可以制成口服剂型如淤浆或在药学上安全的悬浮介质中的悬浮液。
在本发明的又一个的优选实施方式中,亚单位(X)和(Y)在每种情况下是以相对于彼此以层进行排列的。
为了达到这个目的,层状的亚单位(X)和(Y)优选在根据本发明的剂型中的相对于彼此垂直或水平排列,其中在每种情况下,一种或多种层状的亚单位(X)和一种或多种层状的亚单位(Y)可以在剂型中以这样的形式存在,即除了优选的层顺序(X)-(Y)或(X)-(Y)-(X)外,也可以考虑任何其它需要的层顺序,任选含有组分(a)和/或(b)的组合的层。
另一个根据本发明的优选的剂型是一个其中亚单位(Y)形成了一个完全被亚单位(X)封入的芯的结构,其中分离层(Z)可以存在在所述层之间。这样的结构也优选适于前面提及的多粒子形式,其中亚单位(X)和(Y)以及任选存在的分离层(Z),它们必须满足根据本发明的硬度的要求,它们被配制在一个并且相同的多粒子形式中。在根据本发明剂型的进一步的优选实施方式中,亚单位(X)形成芯,它被亚单位(Y)封入,其中后者包括至少一种一条从该芯通向剂型表面的通道。
根据本发明的剂型可以在一层亚单位(X)和一层亚单位(Y)之间,在每种情况下,一层或多层,优选一层,任选地包括可膨胀的分离层(Z),该分离层具有将亚单位(X)与亚单位(Y)空间分离的作用。
如果根据本发明的剂型包括以至少部分垂直或水平排列的层状的亚单位(X)和(Y)以及任选存在的分离层(Z),则该剂型优选采用片剂、共挤压物或层压物形式。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中,亚单位(Y)的全部游离表面和任选地至少亚单位(X)的部分游离表面以及任选地至少任选存在的分离层(Z)的部分游离表面可以用至少一层阻止组分(c)和/或(e)和/或(d)和/或(f)释放的障碍层(Z’)包衣。该障碍层(Z’)也必须满足根据本发明的硬度条件。
另一个根据本发明的剂型的特别优选的实施方式包括垂直或水平排列的亚单位层(X)和(Y)以及至少一层排列在它们之间的推进层(p)和任选地分离层(Z),其中,在该剂型中向由亚单位(X)和(Y)组成的层结构的全部游离表面、推进层和任选存在的分离层(Z)提供可半渗透的包衣(E),它对于释放介质,即常规的生理液体是可渗透的,但是对于活性成分和组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)实质上是不能渗透的,并且其中这种包衣(E)包括至少一个用于释放在亚单位(X)区域中释放活性成分的开口。
对应的剂型是本领域技术人员已知的,例如所谓的口服渗透治疗系统(OROS)、用于制造的合适的材料和方法以及其他的内容从US4612008、US4765989和US4783337获知。对应的说明在此被引入作为参考,并且被视为公开的一部分。
在又一个优选实施方式中,根据本发明剂型的亚单位(X)是片剂形式,它的边缘面和任选地两个主要面的一个被含有组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)的障碍层(Z’)覆盖。
本领域技术人员将理解用于制备根据本发明剂型的亚单位(X)或(Y)以及任选存在的分离层(Z)和/或障碍层(Z’)的辅助物质将随在根据本发明的剂型中的排列、给药方式和任选存在的组分(a)和/或(b)和或(e)和组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)的特定的活性成分而变化。在每种情况下的具有必要性质的材料对于本领域技术人员是已知的。
如果组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)从根据本发明剂型的亚单位(Y)中释放借助于覆盖物,优选障碍层被阻止的话,则该亚单位可以由本领域技术人员已知的常规材料组成,条件是它包括满足根据本发明剂型硬度条件的至少一种聚合物(C)和任选地(D)。
如果不提供对应的障碍层(Z’)来阻止组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)的释放,则亚单位的材料应当选择那些从亚单位(Y)释放特定的组分(c)和/或(d)实质上是不可能的物质。前面所述的适合于制备障碍层的材料可以优选用于实现这个目的。
优选的材料是选自下列的物质:烷基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素、葡聚糖、硬葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、黄原胶、聚[双(对-羧基苯氧基)丙烷和癸二酸的共聚物,优选摩尔比为20∶80(商购的名称Polifeprosan20)、羧甲基纤维素、纤维素醚、纤维素酯、硝基纤维素、基于(甲)丙烯酸及其酯的聚合物、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚亚烃、聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧烷、聚亚烷基对苯二酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、聚乙烯酯、卤化的聚乙烯、聚乙醇酸交酯、聚硅氧烷和聚氨基甲酸酯以及它们的共聚物。
特别合适的材料可以选自:甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素(低、中或高分子量)、乙酸丙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、三乙酸纤维素、硫酸钠纤维素、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯、聚丙烯酸异丁酯、聚丙烯酸己酯、聚丙烯酸异癸酯、聚丙烯酸月桂酯、聚丙烯酸苯酯、聚丙酸甲酯、聚丙酸异丙酯、聚丙酸异丁酯、聚丙酸十八烷酯、聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚对苯二甲酸亚乙基酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯异丁基醚、聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚氯乙烯。
特别优选的共聚物可以选自:甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯的共聚物、甲基乙烯醚和高分子量的马来酸的共聚物、甲基乙烯醚和马来酸单乙基酯的共聚物、甲基乙烯醚和马来酸酐的共聚物和乙烯醇和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物。
特别适合于制备障碍层的进一步的材料是淀粉填充的聚己酸内酯(WO 9820073)、脂族聚酰胺酯(DE 19753534 A1、DE 19800698 A1、EP 0820698 A1)、脂族和芳族的聚酯型氨基甲酸酯(DE 19822979)、聚羟基链烷酸酯,特别是聚羟基丁酸酯、聚羟基戊酸酯、酪蛋白(DE4309528)、聚交酯和共聚交酯(EP 0980894 A1)。对应的说明在此被引作参考并且被视为公开的一部分。
前面提及的材料可以任选地与本领域技术人员已知的常规的其他辅助物质混合,优选选自:硬脂酸甘油酯、半合成的甘油三酯衍生物、半合成的甘油酯、氢化蓖麻油、棕榈酸硬脂酸甘油酯、山嵛酸甘油酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠、滑石、山嵛酸钠、硼酸、胶态二氧化硅、脂肪酸、取代的甘油三酯、甘油酯、聚氧亚烷基二醇和它们的衍生物。
如果根据本发明的剂型包括分离层(Z’),所述的层,如暴露的亚单位(Y)可以优选由前面提及的用于障碍层描述的材料组成。本领域技术人员将会理解活性成分或组分(c)和/或(d)从特定的亚单位的释放是通过分离层的厚度进行控制的。
根据本发明的剂型具有控释活性成分的作用。优选适合于病人每日给药两次。
根据本发明的剂型可以包括至少部分控释形式的一种或多种活性成分,其中控释可以借助于本领域技术人员已知的常规的材料和方法获得。例如,将活性成分包埋在控释基质中,或应用一种或多种控释包衣。但是,活性成分的释放必须以满足前面提及的条件的方式控制,例如,在剂型的正确给药情况下,这个活性成分或这些活性成分实质上在任选存在的组分(c)和/或(d)发挥破坏作用之前就完全释放了。影响控释的材料的添加必须不能破坏必要的硬度。
根据本发明剂型的控释优选通过将活性成分包埋在基质中获得。作为基质材料的辅助物质控制活性成分的释放。基质材料可以是,例如疏水性的、形成凝胶的材料,活性成分主要通过扩散释放出来,或者疏水性的材料,活性成分主要通过从基质的孔中的扩散而释放出来。
本领域技术人员已知的生理上可接受的疏水材料可以用作基质材料。聚合物,特别优选纤维素醚、纤维素酯和/或丙烯酸酯优选用作亲水基质材料。乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、聚(甲)丙烯酸和/或它们的衍生物,如它们的盐、酰胺或酯是更特别优选用作基质材料。
从疏水材料制备的基质材料,如疏水聚合物、蜡、脂肪、长链脂肪酸、脂肪醇或对应的酯或醚或它们的混合物也是优选的。C12-C13脂肪酸的单或二甘油酯和/或C12-C13脂肪醇和/或蜡或它们的混合物特别优选用作疏水材料。
使用前面提及的亲水和疏水材料作为基质材料也是可能的。
组分(C)和任选存在的组分(D)具有获得根据本发明的必要的至少500N的断裂强度的作用,也进一步任选地作为另外的基质材料而起作用。
如果根据本发明的剂型是用于口服给药,它也可以优选包括一种包衣,该包衣对胃液具有抵抗作用,并且可溶解具有调节释放环境的pH值的作用。通过该包衣,确保根据本发明的剂型穿过胃而不被溶解,并且活性成分仅释放到小肠中。抵抗胃液的包衣优选在pH值在5和7之间溶解。
用于活性成分的控释以及用于抵抗胃液的包衣的对应的材料和方法对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的,例如由Kurt H.Bauer,K.Lehmann,Hermann P.Osterwald,Rothgang,Gerhart著的“包衣的药物剂型-原理、制造技术、生物药学、实验方法和原料”第1版,1998,Medpharm Scientific Publishers。对应的文字说明在此被引作参考,并且被视为公开的一部分。
测量断裂强度的方法
为了验证聚合物是否可以用作组分(C)或(D),将聚合物用150N的力在至少对应于该聚合物的软化点温度压成直径为10mm,厚为5mm的片,并且借助于聚合物的DSC图进行测定。使用采用这种方式制造的片剂,断裂强度是按照公开在欧洲药典1997,143-144页,第2.9.8..号方法测量片剂的断裂强度的方法使用下面描述的仪器进行测定的。使用的用于测量的仪器是“Zwick Z 2.5材料测试仪,Fmax=2.5KN最大拉伸1150mm,设定1个柱和1个轴,在100mm后间隙,并且可调节的测试速度在0.1和800mm/min之间,使用测试软件。测量使用具有螺杆插入件和气缸(直径10mm)的压力活塞,力转换器,Fmax.1kN,直径=8mm,0.5级10N,1级2N至ISO 7500-1,具有制造者测试合格证M至DIN 55350-18(Zwick总力Fmax=1.45kN)(所有的仪器购于Zwick Gmbh和KG,Ulm公司,德国)用编号为BTC-FR 2.5TH D09测试仪,编号为BTC-LC 0050N.P01的力转换器,编号为BO70000 S06的离心装置。
图1显示片剂的断裂强度的测试,特别是用于这个目的的之前和在测试中的片剂(4)的调节装置(6)。在末端,片剂(4)被放在具有两个2-部分夹子装置的力应用仪(未显示)的上压力板(1)和下压力板之间,一旦对于将要被测量的片剂的放置和离心必要的空距(5)被建立,在每种情况下用上下压力板紧紧地夹紧它们。所述的空距可以通过在放置它们的压力板上水平往外或里移动2-部分夹持装置来建立。
被视为在特定负荷下可以抵抗断裂的片剂不仅包括那些没有断裂的,也包括那些在压力作用下可以经受塑性变形的片剂。
对于根据本发明的剂型,断裂强度是根据所述的方法进行测定的。不是片剂的剂型也被测试了。
下面的实施例完全是通过实例说明本发明,并且不限制本发明的一般概念。
实施例:
在一系列实施例中盐酸曲玛多用作活性成分。尽管曲玛多不作为常规的具有滥用可能性的活性成分,但是之所以使用盐酸曲玛多,是因为它不被德国麻醉剂法律所约束,因此使试验工作简化。另外,曲玛多更是具有良好水溶性的类鸦片类的一名成员。
实施例1
 组分   每片   全部批
 盐酸曲玛多   100mg   100g
 聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   200mg   200g
 总重量   300mg   300g
将盐酸曲玛多和聚环氧乙烷在自由落体混合机中混合。将用于制备片剂的具有顶端冲孔、底部冲孔和冲模的直径为10mm、曲率半径为8mm的压片用具在加热箱中加热至80℃。将粉末混合物的300mg用已被加热的用具压制,其中通过在轧钳中的夹持该压片用具使压力保持至少15秒。
用根据所述的方法用所述仪器对片剂的断裂强度进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。该用锤子不能将片剂粉碎,借助于研钵和研杵也不能将其断裂。
在体外活性成分从制剂中的释放是按照欧洲药典在浆式搅拌机中测定的。释放介质的温度为37℃,并且搅拌机的转速为75分钟-1。在研究开始时,将每片放在pH1.2的600ml的人工胃液中。30分钟后,通过添加碱溶液将pH提高到2.3,又过90分钟后提高到pH6.5,并且又过60分钟后达到pH7.2。在每个时间点通过分光光度方法测量存在在溶解介质中的活性成分的释放量。
  时间   释放量
  30分钟   15%
  240分钟   52%
  480分钟   80%
  720分钟   99%
实施例2
将来自于实施例1的粉末混合物300mg加热到80℃,并且放在压片用具的冲模中。然后完成压片。该片剂具有如实施例1中的片剂同样的性质。
实施例3
 原料   每片   全部批
 盐酸曲玛多   50mg   100g
 聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   100mg   200g
 总重量   150mg   300g
将盐酸曲玛多和上述提到的组分在自由落体混合机中混合。将用于制备片剂的具有顶端冲孔、底部冲孔和冲模的直径为7mm的压片用具在加热箱中加热至80℃。将粉末混合物的150mg份用加热用具压片,其中通过在轧钳中的夹持该压片用具使压力保持至少15秒。
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。
在体外活性成分的释放是按照如实施例1中的方法测定的。结果是:
  时间   释放量
  30分钟   15%
  240分钟   62%
  480分钟   88%
  720分钟   99%
实施例4
 原料   每片   全部批
 盐酸曲玛多   100mg   100g
 聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   180mg   180g
 黄原胶,NF   20mg   20g
 总重量   300mg   300g
将盐酸曲玛多、黄原胶和聚环氧乙烷在自由落体混合机中混合。将用于制备片剂的具有顶端冲孔、底部冲孔和冲模的直径为7mm、曲率半径8mm的压片用具在加热箱中加热至80℃。将粉末混合物的300mg份用被加热的用具压片,其中通过在轧钳中的夹持该压片用具使压力保持至少15秒。
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。该片剂发生很小的塑性变形。
在体外活性成分的释放是按照如实施例中的方法测定的。结果是:
  时间   释放量
  30分钟   14%
  240分钟   54%
  480分钟   81%
  720分钟   99%
片剂用小刀切成边长小至约2mm的碎片。不再进一步将其尽可能地粉碎。当碎片与水结合时,形成了高粘性的凝胶。将该凝胶十分困难地压入通过0.9mm的注射套管。当该凝胶被注射进入水时,凝胶不能与水同时混合,而是可直观地识别出来。
实施例5
  原料   每片   全部批
  盐酸曲玛多   50mg   100g
  聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   90mg   180g
  黄原胶   10mg   20g
  总重量   300mg   300g
将盐酸曲玛多、黄原胶和聚环氧乙烷在自由落体混合机中混合。将用于制备长方形片剂的具有顶端冲孔、底部冲孔和冲模的长为10mm、宽为8mm的压片用具在加热箱中加热至90℃。将粉末混合物的150mg份用以被加热的用具压片,其中通过在轧钳中的夹持该压片用具使压力保持至少15秒。
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。该片剂发生很小的塑性变形。
在体外活性成分的释放是按照如实施例1中的方法测定的。结果是:
  时间   释放量
  30分钟   22%
  120分钟   50%
  240分钟   80%
  360分钟   90%
  480分钟   99%
可以用小刀将片剂切成边长小至约2mm的碎片。但是不能将片剂粉碎。当碎片与水结合时,形成了高粘性的凝胶。将该凝胶十分困难地压入通过0.9mm的注射套管。当该凝胶被注射进入水时,凝胶不能与水同时混合,而是可直观地识别出来。
实施例6
具有下列组成的片剂如实施例1中描述的方法制备:
 成分   每片   每批
 羟考酮   20.0mg   0.240g
 黄原胶,NF   20.0mg   0.240g
 聚环氧烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   110.0mg   1.320g
 总重量   150.0mg   1.800g
活性成分的的释放如下列方法被测定:
在体外活性成分从制剂中的释放是按照欧洲药典在浆式搅拌机中测定的。释放介质的温度为37℃,并且搅拌机的转速为75rpm。在USP中描述的pH6.8的磷酸缓冲剂作为释放基质起作用。在测试特定的时间在溶剂中存在的活性成分的量通过分光光度方法测量。
  时间   平均
  0分钟   0%
  30分钟   17%
  240分钟   61%
  480分钟   90%
  720分钟   101.1%
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。
片剂可以用小刀切成边长小至约2mm的碎片。但是不能被粉碎。当碎片与水结合时,形成了高粘性的凝胶。将该凝胶十分困难地压入通过0.9mm的注射套管。当该凝胶被注射进入水时,凝胶不能与水同时混合,而是可直观地识别出来。
实施例7
  原料   每片   一批
  盐酸曲玛多   100.0mg   2.0g
  聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   221.0mg   4.42g
  羟丙基甲基纤维素(Metholose 90 SH100000vcP购自ShinEtsu)   20.0mg   0.4g
  丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)   0.2mg   0.004g
  总重量   341.2mg   6.824g
将所述量的BHT溶解在乙醇(96%)中,以获得7.7%(质量/质量)的乙醇溶液。将它与聚环氧乙烷混合,然后在40℃下干燥12小时。
将所有其它的组分添加到这个干燥的混合物中并且在自由落体混合机中混合15分钟。
该片剂用与实施例1中所述的相同的方法来制备。使用具有曲率半径为8mm的圆形冲孔(直径10mm)。
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。该片剂用锤子不能粉碎,借助于研钵和研杵也不能断裂。
在体外活性成分从剂型中的释放按照如实施例1中的详细方法测定,以测定释放。
  时间   活性成分的释放量
  30分钟   17%
  240分钟   59%
  480分钟   86%
  720分钟   98%
实施例8
  成分   每片   每批
  盐酸曲玛多   100.0mg   2.0g
  聚环氧乙烷,NF,MW 7000000(Polyox WSR 303,Dow Chemicals)   221.0mg   4.42g
  羟丙基甲基纤维素(Metholose 90 SH100000cP购自ShinEtsu)   20.0mg   0.4g
  总重量   341.0mg   6.82g
单独的组分在自由落体混合机中混合。该片剂使用热压片用具按照实施例1的方法制备。使用具有曲率半径为8mm的圆形冲孔(直径10mm)。
片剂的断裂强度用根据所述的方法的所述仪器进行测量。当暴露在500N的力时,该片剂不断裂。该片剂用锤子不能粉碎,借助于研钵和研杵也不能断裂。
在体外活性成分从制剂中的释放按照如实施例1所述的方法测定。
  时间   活性成分的释放量
  30分钟   16%
  240分钟   57%
  480分钟   84%
  720分钟   96%

Claims (30)

1.一种不经挤出的热成型的防止滥用的剂型,其特征在于:除了含有一种或多种具有滥用可能性的活性成分(A)以及任选地含有生理上可接受的辅助物质(B)外,它还包含至少一种合成的或天然的聚合物(C)以及任选地含有至少一种蜡(D),其中组分(C)和任选地存在的组分(D)具有至少500N的断裂强度。
2.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于:它是片剂形式的。
3.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于:它是多粒子形式的,优选它是微片、微丸、颗粒、球体、珠或丸,任选地被压成片剂或包装在胶囊中。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:它包括作为聚合物(C)的至少一种选自聚环氧乙烷、聚氧亚甲基、聚环氧丙烷、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、共聚物及它们的混合物的聚合物,优选聚环氧乙烷。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的聚环氧乙烷(C)的分子量至少为0.5兆。
6.根据权利要求5的剂型,其特征在于:所述的聚环氧乙烷(C)的分子量为1兆。
7.根据权利要求6的剂型,其特征在于:所述的聚环氧乙烷(C)的分子量至少为1-15兆。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:它包含作为蜡(D)的至少一种具有至少60℃的软化点的天然的或半合成的或合成的蜡。
9.根据权利要求8的剂型,其特征在于:所述的蜡(D)是巴西棕榈蜡或蜂蜡。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:组分(C)和任选地(D)的存在量使得该剂型的断裂强度至少为500N。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的活性成分(A)是至少一种选自类鸦片、安定剂、刺激剂、巴比妥酸盐以及其它麻醉剂的活性成分。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:它还另外包含至少下列组分a)-f)中的一种:
(a)至少一种刺激鼻道和/或咽的物质;
(b)至少一种增粘剂,该增粘剂借助于必需的最少量的含水液体与从该剂型获得的提取物形成凝胶,当将该凝胶加入到更多量的含水液体中时,它优选仍然是可直观地识别出来的;
(c)至少一种具有滥用可能性的活性成分的拮抗剂;
(d)至少一种催吐剂;
(e)至少一种作为嫌恶剂的染料;
(f)至少一种苦味物质。
13.根据权利要求12的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(a)刺激物质引起灼烧、痒、想打喷嚏、分泌物的形成增加或这些刺激中的至少两种的组合。
14.根据权利要求11或12的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(a)刺激物质基于至少一种热物质药物中的一种或多种成分。
15.根据权利要求14的剂型,其特征在于:所述热物质药物是至少一种选自下列的药物:Allii sativi bulbus(蒜)、Asari rhizoma cumherba(细辛根和叶)、Calami rhizoma(菖蒲根)、Capsici fructus(辣椒)、Capsici fructus acer(番椒)、Curcumae longae rhizoma(郁金香根)、Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma(Javanese郁金香根)、Galangae rhizoma(良姜根)、Myristicae semen(肉豆蔻)、Piperis nigrifructus(花椒)、Sinapis albae semen(白芥菜种子)、Sinapis nigri semen(黑芥菜种子)、Zedoariae rhizoma(蓬莪术根)和Zingiberis rhizoma(姜根),特别优选至少一种选自Capsici fructus(辣椒)、Capsici fructusacer(cayenne番椒)和Piperis nigri fructus(番椒)的药物。
16.根据权利要求14或权利要求15的剂型,其特征在于:所述的热物质药物的成分是邻甲氧基(甲基)酚化合物、酰胺化合物、芥子油或硫化物或由它们衍生的化合物。
17.根据权利要求14-16中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的热物质药物的成分是至少一种选自下列的成分:肉豆蔻醚、榄香素、异丁香酚、β-细辛脑、黄樟脑、姜醇、黄根醇、capsaicinoids,优选辣椒碱、胡椒碱,优选反-胡椒碱、硫代葡糖酸盐,优选基于非挥发的芥子油,特别优选基于对-羟基苄基芥子油、甲基巯基芥子油或甲基磺酰芥子油和由这些成分衍生的化合物。
18.根据权利要求12-17中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(b)是至少一种选自下列的增粘剂:含有11重量%的羧甲基纤维素钠(Avicel RC 591)的微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠(Blanose,CMC-Na C300P,Frimulsion BLC-5,Tylose C300 P)、聚丙烯酸(Carbopol980NF,Carbopol981)、角豆粉(CesagumLA-200,CesagumLID/150,Cesagum LN-1)、来自橘果或苹果的果胶(Cesapectin HM Medium Rapid Set)、蜡状的玉米淀粉(C*Gel04201)、藻酸钠(Frimulsion ALG(E401))、瓜耳胶粉(FrimulsionBM,Polygum 26/1-75)、iota角叉菜(Frimulsion D021)、刺梧桐树胶、胶凝糖树胶(Kelcogel F,Kelcogel LT100)、半乳甘露聚糖(Meyprogat 150)、tara豆粉(Polygum 43/1)、丙二醇藻酸酯(Protanal-Ester SD-LB)、苹果果酸、透明质酸钠、黄蓍胶、tara树胶(Vidogum SP 200)、发酵的多糖welan树胶(K1A96)、黄原酸胶(Xantural 180)。
19.根据权利要求12-18中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(c)是至少一种选自下列的类鸦片拮抗剂:纳洛酮、纳曲酮、纳美芬、nalid、纳美酮、烯丙吗啡、naluphine,和对应的生理上可接受的化合物,特别是碱、盐或溶剂化物。
20.根据权利要求12-18中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的使用的组分(c)是至少一种作为刺激拮抗剂的安定药,优选选自氟哌啶醇、普鲁米近、氟奋乃静、奋乃静、甲氧异丁嗪、甲硫达嗪、培拉嗪、氯丙嗪、氯普噻吨、zuclopentixol、三氟噻醇、丙硫喷地、佐替平、benperidol、匹泮哌隆、美哌隆和bromperidol。
21.根据权利要求12-20中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(d)基于吐根(吐根)的根的一种或多种成分,优选基于吐根碱和/或阿扑吗啡。
22.根据权利要求12-21中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(e)是至少一种生理上可接受的染料。
23.根据权利要求12-22中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述的组分(f)是至少一种选自下列的苦味物质:芳香油,优选薄荷油、桉树油、苦杏仁油、薄荷醇和它们的混合物、水果香味物质,优选来自柠檬、橘、白柠檬、葡萄和包括至少两种它们的混合物、denatoniumbenzoate和包括至少两种它们的混合物。
24.根据权利要求12-23中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:所述这种活性成分或这些活性成分(A)与组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)在空间上是分离的,优选不直接接触,其中这种活性成分或这些活性成分(A)优选在至少一个亚单位(X)中存在,并且组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)在至少一个亚单位(Y)中存在,当该剂型正确给药时,来自于亚单位(Y)的组分(c)和/或(d)和/或(f)在身体里和/或服用时不起作用。
25.根据权利要求1-24中任一项的剂型,其特征在于:它包含至少一种至少部分地控释形式的活性成分。
26.根据权利要求25的剂型,其特征在于:每一种具有滥用可能性的活性成分存在于控释的基质中。
27.根据权利要求26的剂型,其特征在于:组分(C)和/或任选存在的组分(D)也作为控释基质材料起作用。
28.生产根据权利要求1-27中任一项的剂型的方法,其特征在于:不使用挤压机,将组分(A)、(B)、(C)和任选存在的组分(D)混合,并且将任选存在的组分(a)-(f)共混合,或如果必要的话,将它们单独混合并且添加组分(C)和任选地(D),并且将得到的混合物,任选在制粒后,通过施加力并且在此之前或与此同时加热成型来得到所述剂型。
29.根据权利要求28的方法,其特征在于:制粒是通过熔融制粒或湿法制粒完成的。
30.可通过根据权利要求28或权利要求29的方法获得的根据权利要求1-27中任一项的剂型。
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