CN1744827B - 包含类胡萝卜素的新颖的组合物 - Google Patents
包含类胡萝卜素的新颖的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1744827B CN1744827B CN200480003188XA CN200480003188A CN1744827B CN 1744827 B CN1744827 B CN 1744827B CN 200480003188X A CN200480003188X A CN 200480003188XA CN 200480003188 A CN200480003188 A CN 200480003188A CN 1744827 B CN1744827 B CN 1744827B
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- pectin
- carotenoid
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Abstract
通过将类胡萝卜素(例如α-和β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素)和/或其它生理活性成分用果胶,特别是低甲氧基化的果胶进行胶囊包装,可以获得一种新的组合物,用于在被摄入之后将所述活性成分运送至人体的结肠,并用于生产不易发生多酚-蛋白质反应的液体食品组合物。
Description
本发明涉及新的包含类胡萝卜素和/或其它生理活性成分的组合物,特别是胶囊形式,还涉及包含此类组合物的食品以及它们的制备方法。
已报道类胡萝卜素对健康具有有益效果。例如,β-胡萝卜素之类的类胡萝卜素被认为具有抗结肠癌的效果。人们认为为达到最大的有益效果,类胡萝卜素应当呈如此的(物理)形式使得它们通过胃和小肠而不会降解或吸收,因为人们认为对结肠的影响期望类胡萝卜素在结肠中可获得。
DE 19962427公开了胶囊包装的生物活性组分。所提到的生物活性组分是具有前生命期活性的微生物。包被剂由不可消化的纤维材料组成。所给出的例子有:不可溶的多糖,例如果胶、木质素、植物胶,以及可溶的多糖,例如复合碳水化合物(例如,果-或半乳寡糖、β-葡聚糖等)。实施例6提到使用果胶和菊粉的组合来胶囊包装Lactobacillus acidophilus。
US 5,356,636描述了通过制备维生素、所关注的类胡萝卜素、成膜胶体以及还原糖的水性分散体,将该水性分散体转化为粉末形式,并热处理该粉末,从而制得粉末形式的维生素或类胡萝卜素制品。明胶与有机氨化合物组合使用。类胡萝卜素的含量通常是5-50%。
US 4,389,419公开了将油及可油溶性物质(例如维生素A)封装在微胶囊中的方法。该微胶囊是形状保持的藻酸盐基质,它填有沉淀出的多糖并封住油滴。
EP 326026公开了通过混合维生素与甘油三酸酯、配位剂和包被剂以及可选的抗氧化剂来减少维生素氧化的方法。所公开的包被剂是蛋白质、糖、多糖,例如阿拉伯胶或淀粉。
EP 986963描述了生产干粉形式的光稳定及氧化稳定的番茄红素的方法。所述稳定性是通过具有至少20%的晶体形式的番茄红素获得的。
US 5,780,056公开了包含类胡萝卜素和可食用油的微胶囊。包衣材料是基于明胶的。该微胶囊防止类胡萝卜素氧化。
WO 91/06292公开了生产例如含有类胡萝卜素的可水分散微粒的方法。所述微粒通过特定方法(包括使用水状胶体在水中碾磨)制得。据报道该水状胶体是明胶、阿拉伯胶、蛋白质或淀粉。
DE 19637517报道了制备微粒型可冷水分散的类胡萝卜素制剂的方法。这是通过在有机溶剂中制造胡萝卜素、可选的油和/或乳化剂的分散体,将该分散体与例如明胶、淀粉、糊精、植物蛋白、果胶、阿拉伯胶、酪蛋白的胶体的水溶液混和而获得的。
虽然所报道的方法可以适用于某些目的,但获得包含类胡萝卜素的可替代的改良制剂是所期望的,所述制剂应当使得类胡萝卜素在结肠中释放出,并且在结肠之前的肠道中不释放或仅是有限程度地释放。虽然β-胡萝卜素可以是优选的活性成分,但是本发明也分别适用于其它的类胡萝卜素和其它的生理活性化合物。
根据本发明,已发现上述目标可由这样的可食用组合物来实现,该组合物包含至少25重量%、优选至少50重量%、最优选约75重量%的果胶,特别是通过离子移变的凝胶形成而胶质化的果胶,以及至少0.2重量%的类胡萝卜素和/或另一种生理活性成分,所述百分比都基于组合物的总干重。
因此,一方面,本发明涉及可食用的组合物,它包含至少25重量%(基于组合物的总干重)的果胶,特别是通过离子移变的凝胶形成而胶质化的果胶,以及至少0.2重量%(基于组合物的总干重)的类胡萝卜素和/或另一种活性成分。
通过离子移变的凝胶形成而胶质化的果胶一般是酯化程度低于50%的果胶,也被称为低甲氧基化果胶。用在本发明中的优选果胶是那些酯化程度在约30%和约40%之间、并包含约70%至90%的半乳糖醛酸单位的果胶。低甲氧基化果胶可以是苹果果胶或柑橘类果胶,但甜菜果胶不适合离子移变的凝胶形成。
合适地,此类组合物可以是微粒物质形式,优选干微粒物质。
另一方面,本发明涉及制备包含类胡萝卜素或类胡萝卜素混合物和/或其它活性成分的组合物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
g)制备包含果胶、特别是通过离子移变的凝胶形成而胶质化的果胶的水性悬浮液,
h)将包含至少0.5重量%(基于最终组合物的干重)的类胡萝卜素或类胡萝卜素混合物和/或其它活性成分以及可选的油的组合物加入到步骤a)中制得的悬浮液中,
i)乳化该混合物,
j)将步骤c)中制得的乳化液喷洒进钙盐的水溶液浴中,
k)将所形成的微粒从浴中分离出,以及可选地洗涤该微粒,以及
l)可选地,干燥步骤e)中获得的微粒。
该水性果胶悬浮液的制备适合用加热来进行,例如加热到大约90℃的温度。然后在大约50-70℃,特别是在大约50-65℃的温度下,将活性成分(类胡萝卜素和/或其它生理活性成分)加到所述果胶悬浮液中(步骤b)。乳化(步骤c)适合在相同的温度范围下进行,但更低或更高的温度,例如30-90℃的温度也是可以的。
低甲氧基化果胶的离子移变凝胶形成可通过二价或更高价态的阳离子诱导,例如Ca++、Mg++和Al+++,特别是Ca++。因此,此类阳离子的每种可充分水溶的盐,例如钙的乳酸盐、二水合氯化物、柠檬酸盐或三磷酸盐可用在步骤d)中。合适地,所述钙盐溶液的浓度约0.1至约0.6摩尔。所得的微粒可分离出,如果需要,通过传统方法干燥,例如通过离心(步骤e)或冷冻干躁(步骤f)。
在图1和实施例中进一步说明本发明的方法。
又一方面,本发明涉及含有如前文定义的、包含果胶和类胡萝卜素或类胡萝卜素的混合物和/或其它活性成分的组合物的食品。
意外地已发现上述组合物非常适合将类胡萝卜素(或其它合适的生理活性成分)转移到希望它们去的地方。当胶囊包装于果胶中时,类胡萝卜素(或其它恰当的生理活性成分)可以以大部分完整(即超过50%的微粒保持完整)的形式穿过胃和小肠,并可以到达大肠(结肠)而不会在肠道的前期阶段被大量吸收。在不希望受限于理论的情况下,人们认为这是由于果胶难以被人体自身的酶消化或分解的性质。然而,人们认为一旦在结肠中,结肠中所存在的微生物将产生分解果胶物质的酶。此类酶例如可以是果胶裂解酶和果胶酸酯裂解酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶。人们认为果胶在此方面相当独特,而且所述果胶颗粒相对容易制备是附加的优点,果胶被视为是能被良好接受的功能成分,尤其在植物衍生的食品制剂中。
根据本发明的组合物优选使得类胡萝卜素胶囊包装于或包埋进果胶中。此类胶囊包装的或包埋的类胡萝卜素可用作食品或营养组合物的部分,优选在水性组合物中。此类液体或粘性食品组合物的例子有水果或蔬菜汁以及酱/泥、(营养)水果或蔬菜饮料以及(运动)饮料。此类食品组合物可通过将合适量的果胶组合物添加到该食品中而制得。合适地,1g根据本发明的果胶组合物被添加到1升饮料中,以提供大约20mg/l的维生素原A,并使饮料获得适当强的颜色。
优选地,根据本发明的组合物包含至少1%(按重量计,基于组合物的总干重)的类胡萝卜素或其它生理活性成分。理论上,所有类胡萝卜素都可用在根据本发明的组合物中。优选的类胡萝卜素是α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、虾青素、角黄素(canthaxanthin)、叶黄素、玉米黄质或其混合物。用于本发明的其它生理活性成分的例子是多不饱和脂肪酸,例如花生四烯酸或二十二碳六烯酸;生育酚,例如α-生育酚;植物甾醇;以及类雌激素。在本发明的优选方面,所述活性成分是类胡萝卜素,特别是β-胡萝卜素,包括它与其它胡萝卜素的(天然)混合物。
根据本发明的组合物可以包含其它成分,例如(植物或精)油,所述类胡萝卜素(或其它生理活性成分)可分散或部分或全部溶解在其中。在此类组合物中,所述类胡萝卜素可按照类胡萝卜素∶油的比例在1∶500至1∶2之间(按重量计)分散在油中。
其它成分可以是在结肠中也表现出有益效果的化合物,这些化合物可以防止胃和小肠疼痛,并且应该穿过胃和小肠而不会分解或消化,或可以是帮助稳定组合物的成分,例如抗氧化剂,或与类胡萝卜素一起发现的成分。优选的抗氧化剂例如是按重量计0.01%-5%的α-生育酚。
相比较基于明胶的组合物,当作为水果含量高的水果/蔬菜汁或水果/蔬菜饮料中的添加剂时,根据本发明使用果胶作为胶囊包装材料提供了其它优点。水果含有一定范围的多酚,在蛋白质(例如明胶)的存在下可以相互反应形成絮状沉积,导致产品不引人注目。基于果胶的胡萝卜素组合物的使用避免了蛋白质-多酚反应,因此可适于生产吸引消费者的果汁和饮料。
通过下面的实施例来进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1:含β-胡萝卜素的微胶囊的制备
如图1所示的,按照该方法来制备干的含β-胡萝卜素的微胶囊。
使用Ultraturrax在80℃下,在20.0000rpm下制备2kg的3%(按重量计)低甲氧基化果胶(“Pektin Classic AU-L 062/00”,可从德国Herbstreith&Fox,D-75305Neuenbürg,获得)的水性悬浮液。在55℃的温度下,将15ml的30%β-胡萝卜素的植物油分散液搅拌加入该悬浮液中,并在联线的(in-line)Turrax中在15.000rpm下使该混合物乳化。所获得的乳化液然后被喷洒到0.1m的氯化钙溶液中。使用离心机分离所形成的微胶颗粒。洗涤后,将颗粒冷冻干躁以生成含按重量计ca.2%的β-胡萝卜素的红色粉末。颗粒尺寸:60重量%具有1至50微米的尺寸。
通过将微粒与人工胃液和果胶酶在35℃下一起培养来测试活性成分的持续释放,按照MARX等:Food Chemistry 70(2000),第403-408页中所述的用HPLC进行定量。
实施例2:β-胡萝卜素增强型橙汁
使用按照实施例1制得的经干燥的颗粒,可以制备含0.2-0.5mg的β-胡萝卜素/100ml的增强型橙汁来增强橙汁的天然橙色。
颗粒尺寸优选在5微米以下。
实施例3:β-胡萝卜素增强型水果饮料
使用按照实施例1制得的经干燥的颗粒,可以制备达1mg胡萝卜素/100ml饮料的苹果汁饮料(果汁含量25%)。
这可以通过将根据本发明的经干燥的颗粒(颗粒尺寸优选小于5微米)与水、糖浆、苹果汁浓缩液、柠檬汁、抗坏血酸和香料混合而得。该混合物可被均质化、巴氏灭菌、脱气、装瓶并冷却。当在室温下置于黑暗中时,12个月内不会形成大量所不期望的沉积物。
在这种情况下,使用所述颗粒来产生颜色和营养方面的双重好处。
摄入该饮料后,颗粒的果胶壁将被结肠微生物群落破碎,其中的胡萝卜素将释放出。
Claims (32)
1.一种制备包含类胡萝卜素和/或另一种生理活性成分的组合物的方法,所述生理活性成分选自多不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、植物甾醇以及类雌激素构成的组,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a)制备包含果胶的水性悬浮液,其中所用果胶的酯化程度低于50%,
b)将包含基于最终组合物的干重而言至少0.5重量%的类胡萝卜素或类胡萝卜素混合物和/或另一种所述生理活性成分以及可选的油的组合物加入到步骤a)中制得的悬浮液中,
c)乳化该混合物,
d)将步骤c)中制得的乳化液喷洒进两价或更高价态的阳离子盐的水溶液浴中,
e)将所形成的微粒从浴中分离出,以及可选地洗涤该微粒,以及
f)可选地,干燥步骤e)中获得的微粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤a)中所用的果胶是苹果果胶或柑橘类果胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中步骤d)中所用的两价或更高价态的阳离子盐选自钙盐、镁盐或铝盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中步骤d)中所用的两价或更高价态的阳离子盐是钙盐。
5.通过权利要求1或2或4所述的方法获得的、包含酯化程度低于50%的果胶和类胡萝卜素和/或另一种生理成分的组合物,其中,所述生理活性成分选自多不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、植物甾醇以及类雌激素构成的组。
6.通过权利要求3所述的方法获得的、包含酯化程度低于50%的果胶和类胡萝卜素和/或另一种生理成分的组合物,其中,所述生理活性成分选自多不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、植物甾醇以及类雌激素构成的组。
7.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,包含至少50重量%的果胶。
8.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,包含至少50重量%的果胶。
9.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述果胶的酯化程度在30至45%之间,并且所述果胶包含60至75%的半乳糖醛酸单位。
10.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述果胶的酯化程度在30至45%之间,并且所述果胶包含60至75%的半乳糖醛酸单位。
11.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述果胶是苹果果胶或柑橘类果胶。
12.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述果胶是苹果果胶或柑橘类果胶。
13.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,呈干粉形式。
14.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,呈干粉形式。
15.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,包含至少1重量%的类胡萝卜素。
16.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,包含至少1重量%的类胡萝卜素。
17.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述类胡萝卜素分别选自番茄红素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、玉米黄质、叶黄素或其混合物。
18.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述类胡萝卜素分别选自番茄红素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、玉米黄质、叶黄素或其混合物。
19.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,还包含0.01-5重量%的抗氧化剂。
20.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,还包含0.01-5重量%的抗氧化剂。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂是α-生育酚。
22.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含油,其中所述类胡萝卜素分散在所述油中,所述分散以类胡萝卜素∶油的重量比为1∶500至1∶2之间进行。
23.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含油,其中所述类胡萝卜素分散在所述油中,所述分散以类胡萝卜素∶油的重量比为1∶500至1∶2之间进行。
24.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含油,其中所述类胡萝卜素全部或部分地溶解在所述油中,所述溶解以类胡萝卜素∶油的重量比为1∶1000至1∶5之间进行。
25.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含油,其中所述类胡萝卜素全部或部分地溶解在所述油中,所述溶解以类胡萝卜素∶油的重量比为1∶1000至1∶5之间进行。
26.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述类胡萝卜素被装在果胶胶囊中。
27.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述类胡萝卜素被装在果胶胶囊中。
28.包含根据权利要求5所述的组合物的食品。
29.包含根据权利要求6所述的组合物的食品。
30.包含根据权利要求26所述的组合物的食品。
31.根据权利要求28所述的食品,它是水果汁或蔬菜汁、酱/泥,水果、营养水果或蔬菜饮料或饮料或运动饮料。
33.根据权利要求29或30所述的食品,它是水果汁或蔬菜汁、酱/泥,水果、营养水果或蔬菜饮料或饮料或运动饮料。
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US20130004617A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Pepsico, Inc. | Coacervate complexes, methods and food products |
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EP3319617A1 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-05-16 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Food compositions for managing body weight |
US20180193375A1 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2018-07-12 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Food and/or feed compositions for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases |
CN105919985A (zh) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-09-07 | 李燕铭 | 一种具有抗氧化、延缓衰老、预防老年性黄斑病变的医药保健品 |
EP3721874B1 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2022-05-18 | Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd. | Lycopene micro-capsule powder and preparation method therefor |
CN108938588B (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-06-22 | 广州维奥康药业科技有限公司 | 一种依折麦布片 |
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CN112056544B (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2022-07-29 | 华中农业大学 | 一种可稳定负载脂溶性活性成分的果胶乳液凝胶的制备方法 |
CN115530317B (zh) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-08-22 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | 一种提高芒果皮类胡萝卜素稳定性及其稳态化包埋的方法 |
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CN1744827A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
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US20060110517A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
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TR201907898T4 (tr) | 2019-06-21 |
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US9149430B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
JP2011177183A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
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