CN115735760A - Purple cauliflower breeding method - Google Patents
Purple cauliflower breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115735760A CN115735760A CN202211503947.5A CN202211503947A CN115735760A CN 115735760 A CN115735760 A CN 115735760A CN 202211503947 A CN202211503947 A CN 202211503947A CN 115735760 A CN115735760 A CN 115735760A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding purple cauliflower, belongs to the field of plant breeding, and provides a method for quickly breeding purple cauliflower inbred lines, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of hybridizing the existing variety, performing continuous selfing, and finally screening out the novel purple cauliflower. The method can predict the color of the flower ball according to the color of the grains, the hypocotyl at the seedling stage and the color of the true leaves, and quickly screen the purple cauliflower resource, and a breeder only needs to screen out a target single plant according to the identification of the color of the grains, the hypocotyl at the seedling stage and the color of the true leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a purple cauliflower breeding method.
Background
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L) belongs to Brassica cabbage vegetables, is a variety of Brassica oleracea, is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, various vitamins and mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like, and is popular among consumers due to rich nutrition, crisp and tender texture and delicious taste. In recent years, the growing area and consumption of cauliflower have been rapidly increased, and the cauliflower has become one of the main vegetable varieties in the vegetable market at home and abroad.
With the improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on the nutrition and the quality of vegetables are gradually improved, and diversified requirements are provided for variety types. Purple cauliflower is a natural variation type of cauliflower with purple ball and rich anthocyanin, and anthocyanin is a special organic substance, and is considered by medical and nutriologists to have the effects of resisting oxidation, resisting aging, preventing tumors and the like. Purple cauliflower is increasingly favored by people as a health-care vegetable.
The cultivation of a variety of colored cauliflowers has become one of the important targets for the breeding of cauliflowers. At present, white flower balls are still used as main types in the market, and orange, purple, green and other colored flower balls are few. The Chinese invention patent with application number CN201510625929.8 provides a purple cauliflower purple crystal No. I breeding method, which takes a self-bred Chinese purple cauliflower self-incompatible line 97. F3-7-3-1a3 as a female parent and a European purple cabbage material purple-1 as a male parent to perform hybridization combination and then obtain the purple crystal No. I after backcross and selfing, but the breeding method of the variety utilizes the traditional breeding method to perform breeding according to the color of the cauliflower after the formation of a curd, wherein the time span is long, and the screening efficiency is low.
Therefore, the method improves the prior cauliflower breeding technology, shortens the screening period and has greater economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem to be solved by the invention is how to reduce the time required by the cauliflower breeding process.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a rapid purple cauliflower breeding method, which comprises the following steps in a first aspect:
step 1: introducing purple cauliflower, and hybridizing to obtain F1;
step 2: selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls and single plants with good fructification for selfing and reserving seeds according to breeding targets in a flower ball maturation period to obtain F2;
and step 3: observing in F2 with naked eyes, selecting seeds with purple cotyledons for sowing, and selecting single plants with purple hypocotyls and heart leaves for field planting in the seedling stage;
and 4, step 4: in the mature period of the ball, selecting a dark purple, compact and round ball and good-bearing single plant for seed reservation, bagging and selfing to obtain F3, and simultaneously determining according to the color separation condition of grains to control whether the color locus of the ball is homozygous;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4), continuing to select the 3-4 generations, and breeding the inbred line with stable characters and good regularity in the F6 generation or the F7 generation.
Preferably, the purple cauliflower in step 1 is selected from any two of amethyst one, redbud and dragon and purple pine.
As the mature periods of the purple cauliflowers of various varieties are different, the sowing periods of the purple cauliflowers of various varieties are correspondingly different for 10-20 days so as to adjust the flowering periods of the purple cauliflowers and promote the flowering periods of the cauliflowers in different growth periods to be synchronous.
Preferably, the selfing in the step 2 is performed by bagging and selfing with a 40-mesh nylon mesh bag, and the selfing method is performed by using any one of osmia panzer pollination and artificial pollen.
Selecting different selfing methods according to the strength of the individual selfing compatible line, pollinating by using osmia if the selfing compatibility is strong, and artificially supplementing powder after treating by using 7% sodium chloride solution if the selfing compatibility is uneven or weak.
Further, the method for selecting the purple cotyledon seed in the step 3 is to cut 1/4 of the cotyledon by using a seed slicing method, observe the color of the cotyledon, select the purple cotyledon seed and sow the seed.
Further, in the step 3, the seedling stage of single plant field planting with purple hypocotyls and heart leaves is selected as a two-leaf one-heart stage.
The color of the seed cotyledon, the hypocotyl color at the seedling stage and the true leaf color are closely related to the color of the cauliflower ball after maturation, so that the color of the ball can be predicted according to the color of the seed, the hypocotyl color at the seedling stage and the true leaf color.
The second aspect of the breeding method of the invention provides a method for judging whether the germplasm resources prepared by the purple cauliflower breeding method are homozygous or not, which comprises the following steps: and (4) observing whether the color of the grains is separated or not, if the color of the grains is not separated, indicating that the germplasm resources are homozygous, and if the purple grains are separated from the yellow grains, indicating that the germplasm resources are still in a heterozygous state.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a rapid breeding method of a purple cauliflower inbred line, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of hybridizing the existing variety, performing continuous selfing, and finally screening out the novel purple cauliflower. The method can predict the color of the flower ball according to the color of the seed, the hypocotyl at the seedling stage and the color of the true leaf, and quickly screen purple cauliflower resources, and a breeder only needs to screen out a target single plant according to the identification of the color of the seed, the hypocotyl at the seedling stage and the color of the true leaf, so that the seeding amount is reduced during seeding, simultaneously, required germplasm resources can be screened out more quickly, the blindness of traditional plant breeding is avoided, simultaneously, the resource waste caused by a large amount of seeding in the traditional breeding process is avoided, the breeding cost is reduced, and the breeding process is accelerated.
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FIG. 1 is a breeding scheme in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is "Zijing I", and B is "bauhinia" or "Longzisong";
FIG. 2 shows the comparison of the seed colors of the same single plant harvested seed in example 1, wherein the left side is selected black-purple seeds and the right side is yellow seeds;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of cotyledons of the same single plant after germination of seeds with different colors in example 1, wherein it can be seen that the black-purple seeds on the left develop purple buds, and the yellow seeds on the right develop green buds;
fig. 4 shows that, in example 1 of the present invention, after field planting, the same single plant has different seed colors, the black-purple seed on the left side develops plants with purple inner leaves, and the yellow seed on the right side develops plants with green leaves;
FIG. 5 shows the comparison of the present bulb phase of different kernel colors of the same single plant in example 1, wherein the left side shows the plants developed from black-purple kernels, whose bulbs are purple, and the right side shows the plants developed from yellow kernels, whose bulbs are yellow.
FIG. 6 shows the comparison between the parent and the inbred line of the present invention in example 1, wherein A is Zijing I, B is the inbred line of the self-segregation and C is Cercis chinensis.
FIG. 7 shows the comparison between the parent and the inbred line of the breeding in example 2, wherein A is Zijing I, B is the inbred line of the selfing separation breeding, and C is Longzisong.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following examples are only used to illustrate the implementation method and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the parameters of the present invention, and therefore reasonable variations are still claimed in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
It is noted that the endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value and that such ranges or values are understood to encompass values close to such ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As described in the background art, the traditional breeding method is blind, and a large amount of seeding is needed in the breeding process, which easily causes resource waste in the breeding process, while the traditional purple cauliflower breeding process is time-consuming, labor-consuming and inefficient.
In view of this, the specific embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid breeding method of purple cauliflower. The method comprises the steps of hybridizing existing varieties, performing continuous selfing, and finally screening out novel purple cauliflowers by taking the color of grains, hypocotyls in seedling stage and true leaves as screening indexes. Has the advantages of high screening speed, high accuracy and low breeding cost.
Example 1
Step 1: in 2016, purple Jing I and Chinese redbud varieties are introduced in autumn, wherein the purple Jing I is late in flowering phase, and is sowed for 20 days in advance to adjust the flowering phase, so that the flowering phases of parents meet, and in the next spring, the two varieties are hybridized to harvest F1.
Step 2: and (3) sowing F1 in autumn in 2017, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls in the mature period of the flower balls, selfing and reserving seeds of single plants with good fruiting performance, bagging and selfing in spring the next year to harvest F2, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds for sowing.
And step 3: selecting F2 seeds in autumn sowing in 2018, observing the colors of hypocotyl and true leaves when 2 leaves and 1 heart of seedlings are grown, screening target single plants with purple hypocotyl and true leaves, and planting the target single plants in a field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are grown. In the mature period of the flower bulb, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower bulb single plants with good fructification for seed reservation, bagging and selfing to obtain F3 in spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the flower bulb color are homozygous, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds.
And 4, step 4: selecting F3 grains in autumn according to plant line sowing in 2019, observing the colors of hypocotyl and true leaf when 2 leaves and 1 heart of a seedling are planted, screening and taking target single plants with purple hypocotyl and true leaf, and planting the target single plants in a field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted. In the mature period of the flower bulb, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower bulb single plants with good fructification for seed reservation, bagging and selfing to obtain F4 in spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the flower bulb color are homozygous, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds.
And 5: selecting single plants only with purple seeds in autumn in 2020, selecting F4 grains according to plant seeding, observing the colors of hypocotyl and true leaves when 2 leaves and 1 heart of seedlings are planted, screening and taking target single plants with purple hypocotyl and true leaves, and planting the target single plants in the field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted. In the mature period of the flower bulb, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower bulb single plants with good fructification for seed reservation, bagging and selfing to obtain F5 in spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the flower bulb color are homozygous, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds. Important agronomic characters such as leaf color, flower ball color and shape and the like are observed and identified in seedling stage and flower ball mature stage, and the characters such as plant type, leaf color and flower ball color and the like of the three plant lines are basically stable and consistent.
And 6: selecting F5 grains in the selected plant lines in autumn of 2021, planting 60 plants in the field, observing and identifying important agronomic characters such as leaf color, flower ball color and shape in seedling stage and flower ball mature stage, and finding that the characters such as the flower ball color of one plant line are good in stability and consistent in whole. In spring of 2022, 5-6 strains are selected from the strain and bagged for selfing to obtain the target germplasm resources.
Example 2
Step 1: in 2016, purple crystal I and dragon purple pine varieties are introduced in autumn, wherein the flowering phase of the purple crystal I is later, the purple crystal I and the dragon purple pine varieties are sowed for 20 days in advance to adjust the flowering phase, so that the flowering phases of parents meet, and in the next spring, the two varieties are hybridized to harvest F1.
Step 2: and (3) sowing F1 in autumn in 2017, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls in the mature period of the flower balls, selfing and reserving seeds of single plants with good fruiting performance, bagging and selfing in spring the next year to harvest F2, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds for sowing.
And 3, step 3: and (3) selecting the F2 seeds in autumn sowing in 2018, observing the colors of hypocotyls and true leaves when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling are planted, screening and taking target single plants with purple hypocotyls and true leaves, and planting the target single plants in the field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted. In the mature period of the flower ball, selecting a dark purple, compact and round flower ball single plant with good seed setting, bagging and selfing to obtain F3 in the spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the color of the flower ball are homozygous, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds.
And 4, step 4: selecting F3 grains in autumn according to plant line sowing in 2019, observing the colors of hypocotyl and true leaf when 2 leaves and 1 heart of a seedling are planted, screening and taking target single plants with purple hypocotyl and true leaf, and planting the target single plants in a field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted. In the mature period of the flower ball, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls and single plants with good seed setting, bagging and selfing to obtain F4 in the spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the color of the flower ball are homozygous, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds.
And 5: selecting single plants only with purple seeds in autumn in 2020, selecting F4 grains according to plant seeding, observing the colors of hypocotyl and true leaves when 2 leaves and 1 heart of seedlings are planted, screening and taking target single plants with purple hypocotyl and true leaves, and planting the target single plants in the field when 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted. In the mature period of the flower ball, selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls and single plants with good seed setting, bagging and selfing to obtain F5 in the spring of the next year, determining according to the color separation condition of grains, controlling whether the loci of the flower ball are homozygous or not, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds. Important agronomic characters such as leaf color, flower bulb color and shape and the like are observed and identified in the seedling stage and the flower bulb mature stage, and the characters such as plant type, leaf color and flower bulb color and the like of the three plant lines are basically stable and consistent.
And 6: selecting F5 grains in the selected plant lines and sowing in the autumn of 2021, planting 60 plants in the field, observing and identifying important agronomic characters such as leaf color, flower bulb color and shape in the seedling stage and the flower bulb mature stage, and finding that the characters such as the flower bulb color of one plant line are good in stability and consistent in whole. In spring of 2022, 5-6 strains are selected from the strain and are bagged for selfing to obtain the target germplasm resources.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A purple cauliflower breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: introducing purple cauliflower, and hybridizing to obtain F1;
step 2: selecting dark purple, compact and round flower balls and single plants with good fructification for selfing and reserving seeds according to breeding targets in a flower ball maturation period to obtain F2;
and step 3: observing in F2 with naked eyes, selecting purple cotyledon seeds for sowing, and selecting purple hypocotyls and purple heart leaves for single plant field planting in the seedling stage;
and 4, step 4: in the mature period of the ball, selecting a dark purple, compact and round ball and good-bearing single plant for seed reservation, bagging and selfing to obtain F3, and simultaneously determining according to the color separation condition of grains to control whether the color locus of the ball is homozygous;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4), continuously selecting the 3-4 generations, and breeding the inbred line with stable characters and good regularity in the F6 generation or the F7 generation.
2. The method for breeding purple cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the purple cauliflowers in step 1 are selected from any two of purple first, purple spiderflower and dragon purple pine.
3. The purple cauliflower breeding method of claim 1, wherein selfing in step 2 is nylon mesh bag bagging selfing, and the selfing method is any one of osmia panzer pollination and artificial pollen.
4. The purple cauliflower selective breeding method of claim 1, wherein the method for selecting purple cotyledon seeds in step 3 comprises cutting 1/4 of cotyledon by a seed slicing method, observing color of cotyledon, and selecting purple cotyledon seeds for sowing.
5. The purple cauliflower selective breeding method of claim 1, wherein said seedling stage of step 3 is a three-leaf one-heart stage.
6. A method for judging whether the germplasm resources prepared by the purple cauliflower breeding method of claim 1 are homozygous or not is characterized in that whether the kernel colors are separated or not is observed, if the kernel colors are not separated, the germplasm resources are homozygous, and if the purple kernels and the yellow kernels are separated, the germplasm resources are still in a heterozygous state.
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| US20170071147A1 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-16 | Sakata Seed America, Inc. | Purple baby broccoli |
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| CN110301350A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-08 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of selection of purple pagoda cauliflower cenospecies |
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- 2022-11-28 CN CN202211503947.5A patent/CN115735760B/en active Active
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| CN103004435A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN103039351A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-17 | 安徽科技学院 | Breed conservation method of dark purple pepper germplasm resource |
| US20170071147A1 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-16 | Sakata Seed America, Inc. | Purple baby broccoli |
| CN108362649A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-03 | 温州科技职业学院 | A method of the detection purity of hybrid of the color based on Cauliflower hypocotyl |
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| 徐丽鸣等: "菜豆种质资源色泽性状鉴定与相关性分析", 北方园艺, no. 18, pages 63 - 65 * |
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