CN112760097A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, relating to the field of soil improvement, wherein the conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30-45 parts of activated humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2-0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.1-0.2 part of urease. The polyglutamic acid is nontoxic to human bodies and environment and can be biologically degraded, a tasteless, clean and transparent solution can be obtained after the polyglutamic acid is dissolved in water, the water in the soil can be fully maintained, and the bulkiness and porosity of the soil, particularly alkaline soil, can be improved, so that the water retention capacity of the soil can be improved. The soil improved by the invention has stronger water and nutrient holding capacity, is absorbed and utilized by plants more, and reduces loss caused by evaporation, leakage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Soil is one of the basic elements constituting the environmental ecosystem and is the material foundation on which humans live. Saline-alkali soil and acid soil are two main low-yield soils, and with the development of industry, the irrigation land and the facility cultivation area are continuously enlarged, and the tendency that seawater is reversely poured to form seaside and beach saline-alkali soil is continuously enlarged. Soil salination has become a worldwide resource and ecological problem. The harm of saline alkali to plants is mainly reflected in that: the drought of plant physiology is caused, plant tissues are damaged, the normal nutrition of the plant is influenced, and the stomatal closure of the plant is influenced. The land salinization problem is closely related to human activities, not only causes the destruction of resources and brings huge loss to agricultural production, but also threatens biosphere and ecological environment and presents the harm to both economy and environment. In addition, the salinization process is often associated with, even promoted by, and transformed with the desertification process. Therefore, the salinization of soil becomes one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting the global growth and crop production, and the application of the theory and technical research of saline-alkali soil in agriculture is a significant scientific problem worldwide. Most of the alkaline earth in China is accumulated by carbonate, so the alkalization degree (exchangeable Na ions) is generally higher, and the grass cannot grow in serious areas.
According to statistics of grain and agriculture organizations and textbook organizations of the united nations, various salinized soils are about 10 hundred million hm around the world, account for 10 percent of the land area of the world, and are widely distributed in more than 100 countries and regions. According to statistics, the salinized soil area of China is about 3.69 multiplied by 10hm, the salinization of cultivated land is 7.6 multiplied by 10hm, the salinization of saline-alkali wasteland and saline-alkali obstacle cultivated land area with agricultural utilization potential is about 1.3 multiplied by 10hm, and the salinization occurs in the cultivated land which is about 1/5 hm. The number of people and land in China is large, the existence of large-area saline-alkali soil and the aggravation of soil salinization degree become important factors for restricting the agricultural production development in China, and the improvement of salinized soil to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture is urgent. The development of saline-alkali soil becomes very important, the grain crisis can be relieved, the ecological environment can be improved, the life quality of people is improved, the saline soil can be rapidly developed and efficiently utilized, the economy, the environmental protection and the sustainable development can be well combined, and the method has a very important practical significance. The soil conditioner is a material which is mainly used for improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, so that the soil conditioner is more suitable for plant growth and is not mainly used for providing plant nutrients.
The soil conditioner has the functions of preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature, can effectively improve the soil moisture content, increases the soil temperature of a plough layer, leads the growth period of crops to be earlier by 2-7 d, and increases the soil humidity by about 5 percent. Meanwhile, the method can also improve the soil structure, coordinate the relationship among water, fertilizer, gas, heat and organisms of the soil, prevent water and soil loss, enhance the seepage-proofing capacity of the channel, inhibit secondary salinization of the soil and improve the development and utilization of sandy wasteland. Is mainly suitable for arid, semiarid and areas with insufficient temperature accumulation in the crop growth period in north China, and soil with poor soil structure, especially for arid land, sloping sandy land and saline-alkali land with serious water shortage. The current internationally used soil structure improver is mainly polyacrylamide and gypsum which is a sulfur removal byproduct of a coal-fired power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the saline-alkali soil conditioner and the preparation method thereof are provided, which can improve the water and nutrient holding capacity of the used soil and reduce the loss caused by evaporation, leakage and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30-45 parts of activated humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2-0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.1-0.2 part of urease.
Furthermore, the water content of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 15-20%, and the pH value is 2.5-3.0.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sequentially adding 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 30-45 parts of activated humic acid into 20-30 parts of normal-temperature water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 5-10 min; obtaining a mixed solution A;
secondly, adding 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2-0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.1-0.2 part of urease into the mixed solution A, and stirring to uniformly mix the ammonium polyphosphate, the citric acid fermentation waste residue and the urease;
and step three, heating to 40-45 ℃, keeping for 0.8-1.2 hours, then cooling to normal temperature, and granulating to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
Further, the preparation method of the activated humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing is expected to be: according to the mass ratio of 10-20: 50-200, mixing the straws with water for later use;
(2) hydrothermal carbonization reaction: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) and an alkali solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal carbonization reaction until all humic acid is converted into water-soluble humic acid, then filtering the water-soluble humic acid, and taking the filtrate for later use;
(3) acidifying: adding an acid solution into the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH value to 5-6.5 for later use;
(4) concentration: and (4) concentrating and drying the humic acid solution acidized in the step (4) to obtain humic acid.
Further, the alkaline solution added in the step (2) is one or a combination of several of Na +, K + and Mg2 +.
Further, the acid solution in the step (3) is a dilute nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.5-2 mol/L.
Further, the hydrothermal carbonization temperature in the step (2) is 140-220 ℃, and the hydrothermal carbonization time is 1.5-3.5 h.
Further, the preparation method of the polyglutamic acid comprises the following steps:
slant strain activation: marking the bacillus subtilis on a newly prepared LB inclined plane;
liquid activation of strains: scraping off the strain with an area of about 1cm2 on the inclined plane, inoculating the strain into a liquid activation culture medium, and carrying out shake culture on a reciprocating shaking table at the temperature of 32-36 ℃ for 18-36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the shaking table is 80-110r/m, and the stroke is 65-75 mm;
③ solid fermentation: inoculating the activated liquid strain obtained in the step II into a solid fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 0.5-1.5%, and culturing for 168h at 32-40 ℃ according to the culture medium to complete fermentation to obtain the polyglutamic acid.
Further, the liquid activation culture medium in the second step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of peptone, 3-8 parts of yeast extract, 9-11 parts of NaCl and 1000 parts of water.
The application of the alkaline soil conditioner in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 8, wherein the solid fermentation medium in the third step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid, 70-110 parts of soybean meal, 60-100 parts of bran, 400 parts of straw powder, 20-40 parts of glucose or sucrose and 200-300 parts of water.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the soil improved by the invention has stronger water and nutrient holding capacity, is absorbed and utilized by plants more, and reduces loss caused by evaporation, leakage and the like.
2. The polyglutamic acid is prepared by utilizing the glutamic acid waste liquid, so that the glutamic acid waste liquid is utilized, meanwhile, the polyglutamic acid is nontoxic and biodegradable to human bodies and environments, a tasteless, clean and transparent solution can be obtained after the polyglutamic acid is dissolved in water, the water in the soil can be fully maintained, and the bulkiness and porosity of the soil, particularly alkaline soil, are improved, so that the water retention capacity of the soil is improved.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step one, sequentially adding 1 part of polyglutamic acid and 30 parts of activated humic acid into 20 parts of normal-temperature water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 5-10 min; obtaining a mixed solution A;
secondly, adding 5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2 part of peroxidase and 0.1 part of urease into the mixed solution A, and stirring to uniformly mix the ammonium polyphosphate, the citric acid fermentation waste residue and the urease, wherein the water content of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 15-20%, and the pH value of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 2.5;
and step three, heating to 45 ℃, keeping for 0.8 hour, then cooling to normal temperature, and granulating to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
Example 2
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step one, sequentially adding 3 parts of polyglutamic acid and 38 parts of activated humic acid into 25 parts of normal-temperature water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 5-10 min; obtaining a mixed solution A;
step two, adding 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.3 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.4 part of peroxidase and 0.15 part of urease into the mixed solution A, and stirring to uniformly mix the materials, wherein the water content of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 15-20%, and the pH value of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 2.7;
and step three, heating to 40 ℃, keeping for 1 hour, then cooling to normal temperature, and granulating to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
Example 3
A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step one, sequentially adding 5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 45 parts of activated humic acid into 30 parts of normal-temperature water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 5-10 min; obtaining a mixed solution A;
step two, adding 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.2 part of urease into the mixed solution A, and stirring to uniformly mix the mixture, wherein the water content of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 15-20%, and the pH value of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 3.0;
and step three, heating to 40 ℃, keeping for 1.2 hours, then cooling to normal temperature, and granulating to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of activated humic acid for embodiments 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing is expected to be: according to the mass ratio of 10: 50 mixing the straws with water for later use;
(2) hydrothermal carbonization reaction: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) and 1mol/L NaOH solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, performing thermal carbonization reaction at the temperature of 140 ℃ for 3.5 hours until all humic acid is converted into water-soluble humic acid, filtering the water-soluble humic acid, and taking filtrate for later use;
(3) acidifying: adding 1mol/L nitric acid into the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH to 6 for later use;
(4) concentration: and (4) concentrating and drying the humic acid solution acidized in the step (4) to obtain humic acid.
Example 5
A preparation method of activated humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing is expected to be: according to the mass ratio of 15: 100 mixing the straws with water for standby;
(2) hydrothermal carbonization reaction: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) and 2mol/L KOH solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out thermal carbonization reaction for 2 hours at the temperature of 180 ℃ until all humic acid is converted into water-soluble humic acid, then filtering the water-soluble humic acid, and taking the filtrate for later use;
(3) acidifying: adding 0.5mol/L nitric acid into the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH to 6.5 for later use;
(4) concentration: and (4) concentrating and drying the humic acid solution acidized in the step (4) to obtain humic acid.
Example 6
A preparation method of activated humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing is expected to be: according to the mass ratio of 20: 200 mixing the straws with water for standby;
(2) hydrothermal carbonization reaction: mixing the mixture in the step (1) and 1mol/L of Mg (OH)2Adding the solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, performing thermal carbonization reaction for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 220 ℃ until all humic acid is converted into water-soluble humic acid, filtering the water-soluble humic acid, and taking the filtrate for later use;
(3) acidifying: adding 3mol/L nitric acid into the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH to 5 for later use;
(4) concentration: and (4) concentrating and drying the humic acid solution acidized in the step (4) to obtain humic acid.
Example 7
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing polyglutamic acid according to embodiments 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
preparing a solid fermentation culture medium: weighing the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid, 90 parts of soybean meal, 80 parts of bran, 350 parts of straw powder, 30 parts of glucose or sucrose and 250 parts of water
The liquid activation culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of peptone, 7 parts of yeast extract, 10 parts of NaCl and 1000 parts of water.
Slant strain activation: marking the bacillus subtilis on a newly prepared LB inclined plane;
liquid activation of strains: about 1cm above the inclined plane2Scraping the strains with the area, inoculating the strains in a liquid activation culture medium, and carrying out shake culture on a reciprocating shaking table at 35 ℃ for 24 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100r/m, and the stroke is 70 mm;
③ solid fermentation: and (3) inoculating the activated liquid strain obtained in the step (II) into a solid fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1%, and culturing for 140 hours at 36 ℃ according to the culture medium to complete fermentation to obtain the polyglutamic acid.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30-45 parts of activated humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2-0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.1-0.2 part of urease.
2. The alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the citric acid fermentation waste residue is 15 to 20%, and the pH value thereof is 2.5 to 3.0.
3. A method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one, sequentially adding 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 30-45 parts of activated humic acid into 20-30 parts of normal-temperature water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 5-10 min; obtaining a mixed solution A;
secondly, adding 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid fermentation waste residue, 0.2-0.5 part of peroxidase and 0.1-0.2 part of urease into the mixed solution A, and stirring to uniformly mix the ammonium polyphosphate, the citric acid fermentation waste residue and the urease;
and step three, heating to 40-45 ℃, keeping for 0.8-1.2 hours, then cooling to normal temperature, and granulating to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
4. A method for producing an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the activated humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing is expected to be: according to the mass ratio of 10-20: 50-200, mixing the straws with water for later use;
(2) hydrothermal carbonization reaction: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) and an alkali solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal carbonization reaction until all humic acid is converted into water-soluble humic acid, then filtering the water-soluble humic acid, and taking the filtrate for later use;
(3) acidifying: adding an acid solution into the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH value to 5-6.5 for later use;
(4) concentration: and (4) concentrating and drying the humic acid solution acidized in the step (4) to obtain humic acid.
5. A process for preparing an alkaline soil improver as claimed in claim 4, wherein the alkaline solution added in the step (2) is Na+、K+、Mg2+One or a combination of several of them.
6. A preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that the acid solution in the step (3) is a dilute nitric acid solution with a concentration of 0.5-2 mol/L.
7. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydrothermal carbonization temperature in the step (2) is 140-220 ℃ and the hydrothermal carbonization time is 1.5-3.5 h.
8. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the method for preparing polyglutamic acid comprises the following steps:
slant strain activation: marking the bacillus subtilis on a newly prepared LB inclined plane;
liquid activation of strains: about 1cm above the inclined plane2Scraping off strains with an area, inoculating the strains into a liquid activation culture medium, and carrying out shake culture on a reciprocating shaking table at the temperature of 32-36 ℃ for 18-36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the shaking table is 80-110r/m, and the stroke is 65-75 mm;
③ solid fermentation: inoculating the activated liquid strain obtained in the step II into a solid fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 0.5-1.5%, and culturing for 168h at 32-40 ℃ according to the culture medium to complete fermentation to obtain the polyglutamic acid.
9. A method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner as claimed in claim 8, wherein the liquid activation medium in the second step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of peptone, 3-8 parts of yeast extract, 9-11 parts of NaCl and 1000 parts of water.
10. A method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner as claimed in claim 8, wherein the solid fermentation medium in step (c) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid, 70-110 parts of soybean meal, 60-100 parts of bran, 400 parts of straw powder, 20-40 parts of glucose or sucrose and 200-300 parts of water.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115353889A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-18 | 宁波费尔诺生物科技有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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