CN107937373B - Complex enzyme preparation for oil extraction and oil extraction method - Google Patents
Complex enzyme preparation for oil extraction and oil extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compound enzyme preparation for grease extraction, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of neutral protease, 1-3 parts of alkaline protease, 0.1-0.3 part of flavor enzyme, 0.1-0.3 part of collagenase and 1-3 parts of carrier. Meanwhile, a process method for extracting grease by using the complex enzyme preparation is disclosed, wherein in the method, the pH is controlled to be 7.5-8.5, the enzymolysis temperature is 52-65 ℃, the material-liquid ratio is (2: 1) - (4: 1), the enzymolysis time is 2-4 hours, and the additive amount is 0.1% -0.5%, so that the optimal extraction process condition can be achieved. The invention has the following technical effects: 1) the purpose of extracting the grease in the slaughter leftover materials in a large scale is achieved by adopting an enzymolysis method; 2) the compound enzyme preparation is used for extracting grease, so that the oil yield and the oil quality of the slaughter leftover materials can be improved; 3) the extracted enzymolysis liquid is prepared into high protein feed through precipitation and spray drying, so that the resource utilization is realized, and the breeding benefit can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil extraction, and in particular relates to a complex enzyme preparation for oil extraction and an oil extraction method.
Background
The breeding industry in China has gradually formed large-scale, intensive and specialized development scale after the continuous development of nearly 30 years, and accordingly, the livestock and poultry slaughtering industry is increasingly large-scale, and how to comprehensively utilize slaughtered leftover materials as resources is one of the problems which are urgently needed to be solved by the slaughtering industry.
Despite the increasing research and application of comprehensive utilization of slaughter trimmings in recent years, some breakthroughs and advances have been made. However, in general, the comprehensive development and utilization degree of the livestock and poultry leftover materials in China is low at present, the existing extraction method mainly comprises the traditional dry method and the traditional wet method for cooking, but the traditional dry method and the traditional wet method both have partial defects and need to be improved: the traditional dry cooking temperature is high, the damage to fatty acid compositions in the grease is large, the peroxide value is increased, the oil yield is low, the color is deep, and the benefit cost is high. The traditional wet cooking is to add partial water in the boiling process of slaughter leftover materials, so that the extracted oil has high water content, is easy to oxidize and rancid and has poor flavor, and the extracted oil needs further refining.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a compound enzyme preparation for oil extraction and an oil extraction method, which adopt an enzymolysis method to achieve the purpose of extracting oil from slaughter leftover materials in a large scale and can improve the oil production quality of the slaughter leftover materials.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the compound enzyme preparation for extracting the grease is provided, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
preferably, the complex enzyme preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
preferably, in the complex enzyme preparation, the enzyme activity content of each enzyme needs to meet the following requirements: the enzyme activity of neutral protease is less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 10 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of alkaline protease is less than or equal to 30 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of flavor enzyme is less than or equal to 2 ten thousand U/g and the enzyme activity of collagenase is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 5000U/g.
Preferably, the vector comprises: one or more of rice bran, bamboo powder or corn starch.
On the other hand, the oil extraction method is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the complex enzyme preparation for extracting the grease;
s2, putting the raw material of the grease to be extracted, water and the complex enzyme preparation into a container to form a mixture, so that the complex enzyme preparation carries out enzymolysis on the raw material.
Preferably, in the step S2, the pH of the mixture is maintained to be 7.5-8.5, the enzymolysis temperature is 52-65 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 2-4 hours, and the ratio of the raw materials to water is (2: 1) - (4: 1); wherein the raw materials are measured by weight in kilograms, and the water is measured by volume in liters.
Preferably, in the step S2, the pH of the mixture is maintained at 8.0, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 3 hours, and the ratio of the raw materials to water is 3: 1; wherein the raw materials are measured by weight in kilograms, and the water is measured by volume in liters.
Preferably, in the step S2, the ratio of the complex enzyme preparation in the mixture is 0.1-0.5% by weight.
Preferably, in the step S2, the ratio of the complex enzyme preparation in the mixture is 0.3% by weight.
Preferably, in the step S2, the raw material of the oil to be extracted includes slaughter leftover.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the complex enzyme preparation and the oil extraction method can ensure that the oil yield of the extracted oil is highest; the physical and chemical indexes of the extracted oil are superior to those of the traditional dry and wet methods, and reach the standard of the national feed grease animal oil for feed; compared with the traditional dry method and the traditional wet method, the composition of fatty acid is not influenced, but the content of unsaturated fatty acid is relatively higher, and the unsaturated fatty acid is more beneficial to being digested and absorbed by animal bodies after being added into animal feed as energy feed. Meanwhile, the oil extraction method is more efficient, the oil quality is guaranteed, the whole production period of oil extraction can be greatly shortened, energy and cost are saved, the defects of the traditional dry and wet extraction processes are overcome, and the oil extraction process of the existing enzyme preparation can be improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is the effect of different complex enzyme preparations of the present invention on oil yield;
FIG. 2 shows the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 of the present invention at different additive amounts;
FIG. 3 shows the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 of the present invention at different enzymolysis temperatures;
FIG. 4 shows the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 of the present invention at different pH values;
FIG. 5 shows the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 of the present invention at different feed-to-liquid ratios;
FIG. 6 shows the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 of the present invention at different enzymolysis times;
FIG. 7 is a color comparison graph of lard oil obtained by a conventional industrial dry process, wet process and enzymatic hydrolysis method of the present invention, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the complex enzyme preparation for grease extraction (hereinafter referred to as complex enzyme preparation 1) of the embodiment, the complex enzyme preparation comprises, in parts by weight: 1 part of neutral protease, 1 part of alkaline protease, 0.2 part of flavor enzyme, 0.2 part of collagenase and 2 parts of carrier. The carrier comprises one or a mixture of more of rice bran, bamboo powder or corn starch, so that the carrier has good universality; the oil and fat come from slaughter offcuts (such as slaughter offcuts generated in the slaughtering process of livestock and poultry).
The method for extracting the grease by using the complex enzyme preparation 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the complex enzyme preparation 1 for extracting the grease; specifically, the preparation method of the complex enzyme preparation 1 comprises the following steps:
s11, premixing and diluting the flavor enzyme and the collagenase with the carrier, and fully mixing and uniformly wrapping the flavor enzyme and the collagenase through the carrier;
s12, compounding the neutral protease and the alkaline protease with the carrier;
and S13, uniformly mixing the neutral protease and the alkaline protease with the flavor enzyme and the collagenase wrapped by the carrier.
In this embodiment, the content of each enzyme in the complex enzyme preparation 1 should satisfy the following requirements: the enzyme activity of neutral protease is less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 10 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of alkaline protease is less than or equal to 30 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of flavor enzyme is less than or equal to 2 ten thousand U/g and the enzyme activity of collagenase is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 5000U/g.
S2, putting the raw material of the grease to be extracted, water and the complex enzyme preparation into a container to form a mixture, so that the complex enzyme preparation carries out enzymolysis on the raw material.
Specifically, the step S2 includes:
s21, opening a feed inlet of a container (such as a chemical tank and the like), putting raw materials (including slaughter leftover materials) of oil to be extracted into the container, and adding water; the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 3: 1 (the ratio is hereinafter referred to as the material-liquid ratio), wherein the unit of the raw materials is kilogram by weight, and the unit of the water is liter by volume;
s22, closing a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and a slag outlet of the container, and opening a steam inlet valve of the container to enable the temperature in the container to reach 55 ℃;
s23, adding the compound enzyme preparation 1 to form a mixture, and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 8.0 by using NaOH to ensure that the compound enzyme preparation carries out enzymolysis on the raw materials for 3 hours; in this embodiment, the ratio of the complex enzyme preparation 1 in the mixture is 0.3% by weight (this ratio is hereinafter referred to as "additive amount").
Calculating the oil yield of the raw material according to a formula (1) after enzymolysis, wherein the formula (1) is as follows: p is Mo/M multiplied by 100%; wherein P is the oil yield, and Mo is the raw material quality after enzymolysis; m is the mass of the raw material put into the container. From this, the oil yield of the raw material in this example was calculated to be 85.4%.
Example two:
the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the complex enzyme preparation (hereinafter referred to as complex enzyme preparation 2) in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of neutral protease, 2 parts of alkaline protease, 0.2 part of flavor enzyme, 0.2 part of collagenase and 2 parts of carrier.
The oil yield of the raw material in this example was 86.5% as calculated by the formula (1).
Example three:
the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the complex enzyme preparation (hereinafter referred to as complex enzyme preparation 3) in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of neutral protease, 3 parts of alkaline protease, 0.2 part of flavor enzyme, 0.2 part of collagenase and 2 parts of carrier.
The oil yield of the raw material in this example was 89.8% as calculated by the formula (1).
Example four:
the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the complex enzyme preparation (hereinafter referred to as complex enzyme preparation 4) in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of neutral protease, 1 part of alkaline protease, 0.2 part of flavor enzyme, 0.2 part of collagenase and 2 parts of carrier.
The oil yield of the raw material in this example was 87.9% as calculated by the formula (1).
Example five:
the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the complex enzyme preparation (hereinafter referred to as complex enzyme preparation 5) in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of neutral protease, 1 part of alkaline protease, 0.2 part of flavor enzyme, 0.2 part of collagenase and 2 parts of carrier.
The oil yield of the raw material in this example was 87.2% as calculated by the formula (1).
Thus, table 1 and fig. 1 show the reaction conditions and oil yield of 5 different complex enzyme preparations in the first to fifth examples, and it can be seen that the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 is the highest under the conditions that the additive amount is 0.3%, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH is 8.0, the material-liquid ratio is 3: 1, and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours, that is, the decomposition effect is the best after the slaughter leftover is subjected to enzymolysis by the complex enzyme preparation 3 (neutral protease: alkaline protease: flavourzyme: collagenase: carrier: 1: 3: 0.2: 2).
The specific reasons are as follows: the compound enzyme preparation 3 is prepared according to the proportion of neutral protease to alkaline protease which is 1: 3, the condition is in the optimum proportion and the optimum pH, the compound enzyme preparation can act on the protein action site in the slaughter leftover material to the maximum extent, the protein which is difficult to digest by the animal endogenous protease in the leftover material is hydrolyzed into polypeptide and amino acid, the tight combination of the protein and the fat is damaged, and the grease is released. Meanwhile, the flavor enzyme contained in the complex enzyme preparation 3 is prepared by fermenting, purifying and compounding aspergillus oryzae strains, and can reduce the generation of bitter amino acid in the process of protein decomposition under the environment with proper pH and temperature, thereby removing bitter taste, improving the taste of grease added into feed and improving the palatability of grease. The molecular weight of the collagenase contained in the compound enzyme preparation 3 can reach 4000 daltons, and the protein contained in the compound enzyme preparation is decomposed closely according to the composition characteristics of the raw material substrate in the slaughter leftover material, so that macromolecular protein is changed into micromolecular active peptide which is easier to be absorbed and utilized by animal bodies. The compound enzyme preparation has mild enzymolysis conditions for extracting the grease, is green and environment-friendly, has no toxic or side effect, and has high protein content of hydrolysate and good grease quality.
TABLE 15 reaction conditions and oil yields for different Complex enzyme preparations
Example six:
this example differs from example three only in that a different additive dose gradient is provided: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%. Therefore, table 2 and fig. 2 show the reaction conditions and the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 under different additive amount gradients in the sixth embodiment, and it can be seen that the complex enzyme preparation 3 has different oil yields to slaughter leftover materials under different additive amount conditions, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH is 8.0, the material-liquid ratio is 3: 1, and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours. The initial additive amount is 0.1%, the oil yield is gradually increased along with the continuous increase of the additive amount, and when the additive amount reaches 0.3%, the oil yield is highest. When the amount of the additive is further increased, the oil yield is in a gradual decrease trend, and the analysis is probably because under the condition of certain substrate concentration, the larger the amount of the complex enzyme preparation acting with the substrate is, the faster and more thorough the reaction speed is, and the higher the oil yield is; when the addition amount reaches 0.3%, the substrate is basically completely utilized by the compound enzyme preparation 3 and is close to a completely decomposed state, and when the addition amount is further increased to 0.4%, the substrate is not enough to contact with the compound enzyme preparation, so that the oil yield is gradually reduced. When the amount of the additive reaches 0.5%, the oil yield is obviously reduced. Therefore, the oil yield and the additive amount are comprehensively considered, under the conditions that the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH value is 8.0, the material-liquid ratio is 3: 1 and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours, the optimal additive amount of the compound enzyme preparation 3 is 0.3 percent, and the oil yield is 88.9 percent.
TABLE 2 reaction conditions and oil yield of Complex enzyme preparation 3 at different additive amounts
| Additive amount (%) | pH | Temperature (. degree.C.) | Ratio of material to liquid | Time of enzymolysis (hours) | Oil yield (%) |
| 0.1 | 8.0 | 55 | 3∶1 | 3.0 | 78.9 |
| 0.2 | 8.0 | 55 | 3∶1 | 3.0 | 81.4 |
| 0.3 | 8.0 | 55 | 3∶1 | 3.0 | 88.9 |
| 0.4 | 8.0 | 55 | 3∶1 | 3.0 | 85.6 |
| 0.5 | 8.0 | 55 | 3∶1 | 3.0 | 79.8 |
Example seven:
the difference between the present embodiment and the third embodiment is only that different enzymolysis temperature gradients are set: 50 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 70 deg.C. Therefore, table 3 and fig. 3 show the reaction conditions and the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 under different temperature gradients in the seventh embodiment, and it can be seen that the complex enzyme preparation 3 affects the oil yield of the slaughter leftover under different temperature conditions, wherein the additive amount is 0.3%, the pH is 8.0, the feed-liquid ratio is 3: 1, and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours. The enzymatic reaction is affected by temperature more complexly, on one hand, the enzymatic reaction speed is accelerated when the temperature is increased to reach the optimal reaction temperature, and the reaction speed is highest; however, when the temperature is increased again, the enzyme is gradually denatured due to the action of high temperature to affect the enzyme activity, so that the reaction rate of the enzyme is reduced, and meanwhile, the fatty acid composition of the oil is damaged by the high temperature, so that the quality of the oil is reduced. When the temperature is increased from 50 ℃ to 55 ℃, the enzymatic reaction rate is accelerated, and the oil yield is gradually increased, but when the temperature is increased from 55 ℃ to 70 ℃, the enzymatic activity is partially inhibited, the enzymolysis efficiency is reduced, and the oil yield is in a gradually-decreasing trend.
TABLE 3 reaction conditions and oil yield of Complex enzyme preparation 3 at different enzymolysis temperatures
Example eight:
this example differs from example three only in that a different pH gradient is set: 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0. Thus, table 4 and fig. 4 show the reaction conditions and the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 under different pH gradients in example eight, and it can be seen that the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 to slaughter offcuts is different under different pH conditions when the additive amount is 0.3%, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the material-liquid ratio is 3: 1, and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours. When the pH is in the range of 7.0-9.0, the oil yield is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the pH, because the pH value is greatly related to the components and the mixture ratio of the complex enzyme preparation 3: in the complex enzyme preparation 3, the ratio of neutral protease to alkaline protease is 1: 3, the optimal reaction condition is that under the condition of pH8.0, the complex enzyme preparation 3 shows the maximum enzyme activity under the condition, and when the pH is too low or too high, the activity of the enzyme can be influenced to a certain extent, and the oil yield of slaughter leftovers is influenced. Within the range of pH7.5-8.5, the enzyme activity is not greatly influenced, the function of decomposing protein substrates can be fully exerted, the oil yield is kept in a higher range, but when the pH is at 7.0 or 9.0, the enzyme activity is greatly influenced by the pH, and the oil yield is greatly reduced. From the above results, the optimum pH range of the complex enzyme preparation 3 is 7.5-8.5, and the optimum pH is 8.0.
TABLE 4 reaction conditions and oil yield of Complex enzyme preparation 3 at different pH
Example nine:
the difference between the present embodiment and the third embodiment is only that different material-liquid ratio gradients are set: 1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1. Thus, table 5 and fig. 5 show the reaction conditions and oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 under different material-liquid ratio gradients in the ninth embodiment, and it can be seen that the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 to slaughter leftover materials is different but not obvious under different material-liquid ratio conditions, wherein the additive amount is 0.3%, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH is 8.0, and the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours. When the feed-liquid ratio is low, the viscosity of the whole system is increased, so that the fluidity is poor, the migration of enzyme molecules and the dissociation of oil molecules are further inhibited, the enzymatic reaction rate is influenced, and the oil yield is low; when the feed liquid ratio is higher, the concentration of the substrate is reduced, the concentration of the enzyme effectively contacting the substrate is reduced, the enzymatic reaction rate is reduced, and the oil yield is reduced. Therefore, when the feed-liquid ratio is 3: 1, the enzymatic reaction rate is fastest, the enzymolysis effect is best, the oil yield is highest, and therefore the optimal feed-liquid ratio is determined to be 3: 1.
TABLE 5 reaction conditions and oil yield of Complex enzyme preparation 3 at different feed-to-liquid ratios
Example ten:
the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is only that different enzymatic hydrolysis time gradients are set: 1.0 hour, 2.0 hours, 3.0 hours, 4.0 hours, 5.0 hours. Thus, table 6 and fig. 6 show the reaction conditions and the oil yield of the complex enzyme preparation 3 under different enzymolysis time gradients in the example ten, and it can be seen that the complex enzyme preparation 3 has an influence on the oil yield of the slaughter leftover under different enzymolysis time conditions, wherein the additive amount is 0.3%, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH is 8.0, and the feed-liquid ratio is 3: 1. The length of the enzymolysis time is the key for determining whether protein molecules in the leftover materials can be broken to the maximum extent, and the combination of the protein and the grease is damaged to release the grease. Along with the gradual increase of the enzymolysis time (from 1.0 hour to 5.0 hours), the degree of cell disruption by enzyme molecules is increased, the separation of oil and protein is accelerated, the release of oil drops is facilitated, and the oil yield is increased. But when the enzymolysis time reaches 3.0 hours, the complex enzyme preparation and the substrate are close to saturation, the effect is thorough, the oil yield is not increased any more, and when the enzymolysis time reaches 5.0 hours, the enzymolysis effect is weakened along with the gradual consumption of the substrate amount, and the oil yield is also reduced. The oil yield, the production cost and the grease quality are comprehensively considered, and the effect is optimal when the enzymolysis time is 3.0 hours.
TABLE 6 reaction conditions and oil yield of Complex enzyme preparation 3 at different enzymolysis times
In addition, as shown in table 7, the present invention also compares the color and some physical and chemical indexes of lard extracted by the oil extraction method according to the present invention with that of lard extracted by the traditional industrial dry and wet methods. As can be seen from Table 7 and FIG. 7, the lard extracted by the enzymatic hydrolysis method of the present invention is milky white and has a stronger taste than the conventional industrial dry and wet methods. The method has mild reaction conditions and low temperature, avoids the generation of excessive colored substances mixed into the color of the lard, and ensures that the color of the lard after enzymolysis is more white.
In the aspect of moisture content, the moisture content of the lard oil prepared by the enzymolysis method (the moisture content is between 0.2 and 0.3 percent) is slightly higher than that of the lard oil prepared by the traditional industrial dry method (0.1 to 0.2 percent), but is lower than the moisture use standard of the grease for feed, the quality of the lard oil is not influenced, and therefore, the lard oil does not need to be dehydrated in the production and use process and is convenient to use.
In the aspect of acid value, the acid value (between 0.3 and 0.5) of the lard oil prepared by the enzymolysis method is lower than that of the traditional industrial dry and wet method, because the reaction process of the enzymolysis method is low in temperature, less in damage to oil components, less in fatty acid generation amount, and weak in alkaline substrate, free fatty acid in partial products can be neutralized, so that the acid value of the enzymolysis method is lower, and the method is more beneficial to being applied to feed production.
The POV value (peroxide value) and the malondialdehyde value are important indexes reflecting the oxidation degree of the grease. The POV value and the malonaldehyde content can reflect the oxidation degree of grease, the POV value of the lard obtained by the enzymolysis method is maintained between 0.600 and 0.800, and the malonaldehyde value is between 0.007 and 0.010, which is lower than that of the traditional industrial dry and wet methods, which shows that the grease after enzymolysis is not easy to be oxidized and rancid and is easier to store.
The iodine value is an important index for measuring the unsaturated degree of the grease, and the iodine value of the lard oil obtained by the enzymolysis method is slightly higher than that of the lard oil obtained by the traditional industrial dry and wet methods, so that the extraction process of the enzymolysis method can completely reserve the unsaturated fatty acid in the raw materials, has higher content of the unsaturated fatty acid and high unsaturated degree, and is more beneficial to digestion and absorption by animal bodies after being fed to animals.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional industrial dry and wet methods, the physical and chemical indexes of the lard extracted by the enzymolysis method, such as color, moisture, acid value, POV value, malondialdehyde, iodine value and the like, all reach the standards of the grease for feed, but the lard has higher quality, mild extraction conditions, and simple and non-complicated process, higher efficiency and lower cost and energy consumption compared with the refining step.
TABLE 7 partial physicochemical indices of lard extraction by different extraction methods
| Physical and chemical indexes | Industrial dry process | Industrial wet method | The enzymatic hydrolysis method of the invention |
| Color and luster | Golden yellow colour | Golden yellow colour | Milky white color |
| Moisture content (%) | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.2-0.3 |
| Acid value (mg/g) | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.3-0.5 |
| Peroxide number (meq/kg) | 4.25 | 1.58 | 0.6-0.8 |
| Malondialdehyde (mg/kg) | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.007-0.010 |
| Iodine number (mg/g) | 65.85 | 60.24 | 60-80 |
As shown in table 8, the present invention also compares the fatty acid composition of lard extracted according to the fat extraction method of the present invention with that of conventional industrial dry and wet lard. As can be seen from Table 8, compared with the conventional industrial dry and wet methods, the lard product extracted by the enzymatic hydrolysis method of the present invention has relatively high unsaturated fatty acid content, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc., which is higher than that of the conventional industrial dry and wet methods, and this shows that the pork fat product has relatively high unsaturated degree after the slaughter leftover material is subjected to the enzymatic hydrolysis method, and is more conducive to digestion and absorption in animals. Therefore, the fatty acid composition of the lard oil has no obvious difference when slaughter corners are extracted by different methods, but the condition for extracting the oil by the enzymolysis method is warmer, the oil yield is higher, and the lard oil quality is higher.
TABLE 8 fatty acid analysis of lard extracted by different extraction methods
Meanwhile, the enzyme solution obtained after the leftover materials are slaughtered through enzymolysis by using the complex enzyme preparation has high protein content and can be further fully utilized, and the high-protein feed can be prepared through precipitation and spray drying and is recycled. The slaughtering leftover material enzyme liquid is made into protein feed for feeding animals, so that the feed intake of the animals can be obviously improved, the production performance is improved, and the material weight ratio is reduced; meanwhile, the feed product is safer, and the food safety is also guaranteed.
In conclusion, the invention takes the slaughter leftover materials as raw materials, carries out enzymolysis experiments on the slaughter leftover materials by using the compound enzyme preparation, carries out gradient experiments under different extraction process parameters including different compound enzyme preparations, additive amount, pH, temperature, material-liquid ratio, enzymolysis time and the like, optimizes the oil extraction process method, achieves the aim of extracting the oil in the slaughter leftover materials in a large scale, achieves the aim of improving the oil yield and the oil quality, and provides practical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the slaughter leftover materials. The method for extracting the oil by using the compound enzyme preparation can improve the oil yield and the oil yield quality of slaughter leftovers, and the oil can improve the digestion and absorption of the oil by animals when the oil is fed to the animals, so that the feed cost is saved, and the feed and food safety is guaranteed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A compound enzyme preparation for extracting slaughter leftover material grease is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1-3 parts of neutral protease
1-3 parts of alkaline protease
0.1-0.3 part of flavor enzyme
0.1-0.3 part of collagenase
1-3 parts of carrier
In the compound enzyme preparation, the enzyme activity content of each enzyme needs to meet the following requirements: the enzyme activity of neutral protease is less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 10 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of alkaline protease is less than or equal to 30 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 20 ten thousand U/g, the enzyme activity of flavor enzyme is less than or equal to 2 ten thousand U/g and the enzyme activity of collagenase is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand U/g and less than or equal to 5000U/g.
2. The complex enzyme preparation as claimed in claim 1, which comprises, in parts by weight:
neutral protease 1 part
Alkaline protease 3 parts
0.2 part of flavor enzyme
0.2 portion of collagenase
And 2 parts of a carrier.
3. A complex enzyme preparation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carrier comprises: one or more of rice bran, bamboo powder or corn starch.
4. A method for extracting oil from slaughter leftover materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing the compound enzyme preparation of claim 3;
s2, putting a raw material of the grease to be extracted, the compound enzyme preparation and water into a container to form a mixture, so that the compound enzyme preparation carries out enzymolysis on the raw material; keeping the pH of the mixture at 7.5-8.5, the enzymolysis temperature at 52-65 ℃, the enzymolysis time at 2-4 hours, and the ratio of the raw materials to water at (2: 1) - (4: 1); wherein the raw materials are measured by weight in kilograms, and the water is measured by volume in liters; and the proportion of the complex enzyme preparation in the mixture is 0.1-0.5% by weight percentage.
5. The oil and fat extraction method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the pH of the mixture is maintained at 8.0, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 3 hours, and the ratio of the raw materials to water is 3: 1; wherein the raw materials are measured by weight in kilograms, and the water is measured by volume in liters.
6. The oil extraction method of claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the proportion of the complex enzyme preparation in the mixture is 0.3% by weight.
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