CN1047388C - 负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷催化剂的制备 - Google Patents

负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷催化剂的制备 Download PDF

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CN1047388C
CN1047388C CN95107481A CN95107481A CN1047388C CN 1047388 C CN1047388 C CN 1047388C CN 95107481 A CN95107481 A CN 95107481A CN 95107481 A CN95107481 A CN 95107481A CN 1047388 C CN1047388 C CN 1047388C
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aluminium
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吕兵
王金梅
洪晓宇
景振华
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petrochemical Corp
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Abstract

一种负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法,包括用乳化剂制备水/惰性溶剂的油包水乳液,然后将其滴入有机铝化合物的惰性溶剂溶液中进行反应,制得微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液,再将金属茂类化合物的溶液加入上述悬浮液中进行固载化。得到的固体催化剂可用于烯烃的均聚和共聚。聚合方式可采用淤浆聚合、液相本体聚合、气相聚合等。

Description

负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷催化剂的制备
本发明是关于负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法,更具体地说,是关于以微粒状铝氧烷为载体的负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法。
金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷作为一类公知的烯烃聚合催化剂以其良好的活性得到人们的普遍关注。但聚合方法、聚合体系中催化剂的形态对聚合物的性能有很大影响。DE127133、EP226463、EP269987和EP293815等提出使用金属茂/铝氧烷催化剂可以高产率得到分子量分布窄、具有特定立体结构的聚合物。但是上述专利大多采用溶液,催化剂溶于聚合溶剂,因而只能得到粒径很小(约1~50微米)的聚合物。另外在制备高分子量聚合物时,由于聚合溶液的粘度显著增大,聚合物产率下降,且最后得到的聚合物一般比重较小,难以得到颗粒状聚合物。
EP206794、EP285443、EP294942、WO8703889、WO8805057和WO8805058等提出将金属茂和铝氧烷负载于多孔无机材料(如二氧化硅和氧化铝等)或有机聚合物(如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯等)载体上,用气相聚合或液相本体聚合法可以得到颗粒状聚合物。但是,由于催化剂负载到无机材料上的量有限或不能完全负载到有机聚合物颗粒上,催化活性较低。另外,由于不能完全负载,催化剂组分、特别是铝氧烷损失较大。再者,无机材料会残留在聚合物中,影响其性能。
US5006500、US4925821和US5008228提出通过含水硅胶与烷基铝反应制备负载于硅胶上的铝氧烷,然后将金属茂负载于该硅胶上得到固体催化剂。该催化剂可用于气相聚合,但是引入外来载体亦影响最终得到的聚合物的性能。
EP279586公开了两种制备微粒状铝氧烷的方法,一是使铝氧烷溶液与该铝氧烷不溶或难溶的溶剂接触,使铝氧烷以微粒悬浮状态析出,然后进一步真空浓缩并过滤;二是将铝氧烷溶液喷雾干燥。将得到的微粒状铝氧烷悬浮到该铝氧烷不溶或难溶的溶剂中,加入金属茂溶液,过滤后得到负载型金属茂/铝氧烷固体催化剂。用该催化剂催化烯烃聚合可得到堆积密度大、细粉末少、粒度均匀、分子量分布窄的聚合物。但是制备该微粒状铝氧烷需要事先得到铝氧烷溶液,且固体催化剂的制备步骤繁琐。
本发明的目的是提供一种操作简便的以微粒状铝氧烷为载体的负载型金属茂化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法。
本发明提供的负载型金属茂化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法包括用乳化剂制备水/惰性溶剂的油包水乳液,然后将其滴入有机铝化合物的惰性溶剂溶液中进行反应,制得微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液,再将金属茂化合物的溶液加入上述悬浮液中进行固载化。
按本发明方法制备的微粒状铝氧烷具有线形或环状结构,其化学式如下:线形结构
Figure C9510748100052
环状结构其中,R为C1-C6烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基等,优选C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基;n为2~40的整数,优选10~30的整数。
按照本发明提供的方法,负载型金属茂化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备如下:用公知的乳化手段用乳化剂将水与惰性溶剂制成油包水乳液,其中惰性溶剂∶水∶乳化剂的体积比为100∶0.5~10∶0.1~1,优选100∶1~5∶0.2~0.5;将有机铝化合物溶解于惰性溶剂中制成有机铝化合物浓度为5~30重%、优选10~20重%的溶液;在惰性气氛中,搅拌下将上述乳液按照有机铝化合物与乳液中水的摩尔比为0.8~2∶1、优选1~1.5∶1的用量滴入有机铝化合物的溶液中,滴加温度控制在-10~40℃,优选0~20℃,滴加速度为0.2~20毫升/分,优选0.5~5毫升/分,滴加完毕后将体系升温至40~80℃、优选40~60℃反应1~4小时得到微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液;将金属茂化合物的溶液按过滤金属原子与铝原子的摩尔比为1∶100~10000、优选1∶300~8000、特别是1∶500~5000的量加入上述微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液中,在0~60℃下搅拌1~4小时,除去溶剂即得固体催化剂成品。
本发明方法中所用的乳化剂为能形成油包水乳液的表面活性剂,其亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)以2~6为宜,优选3~5。适用的乳化剂的实例有多元醇类非离子表面活性剂、聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂。该类表面活性剂可与有机铝化合物反应生成烷氧基铝类化合物,不影响最终催化剂产品在烯烃聚合中的使用。
用作反应原料的水可以是普通水,但优选使用蒸馏水或去离子水。
公知的乳化手段是指通常能够形成均匀的细分散乳液的各种手段,包括简单搅拌、高速搅拌、胶体磨研磨、均化器均质、超声波法等。
用于分散水和溶解有机铝的惰性溶剂可以相同或不同,它们选自铝氧烷不溶或难溶的溶剂,例如饱和烃类溶剂,如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷等,优选己烷。
用作原料的有机铝化合物包括烷基铝、烷氧基铝、芳基铝、卤代烷基铝等,其中优选三烷基铝,更优选三(C1-C6烷基)铝,特别是三甲基铝。
反应时所采用的惰性气氛气体可以是氮气、氦气、甲烷等。
适用于本发明的金属茂类化合物为元素周期表中第ⅣB族过渡金属的茂基或取代的茂基化合物,例如双环戊二烯基二氯化锆(双茂基二氯化锆)、亚乙基双茚基二氯化锆等。
按照本发明方法制备的固体催化剂适用于烯烃的均聚或共聚。烯烃包括乙烯、C3-C20的α-烯烃、环烯烃或二烯烃等。适用的聚合方式有淤浆聚合、液相本体聚合、气相聚合等。淤浆聚合所用的溶剂可以是饱和脂族烃或芳烃,如己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯等。聚合反应可以在常压或高压下进行,聚合压力通常为常压至10兆帕,优选0.2~5兆帕。聚合温度可以为-78~200℃,优选-20~150℃。聚合反应所用的固体催化剂的量按金属茂化合物中金属原子计通常为10-8~10-2摩尔,优选10-7~10-3摩尔。聚合过程可以是连续式或间歇式。聚合时可采用公知方法控制分子量,如选择温度和压力、向聚合体系中引入氢等。
本发明提供方法制得的固体催化剂可单独用于烯烃聚合,也可以与有机铝化合物并用以进一步提高活性或消除催化剂毒性。此处优选的有机铝化合物为三乙基铝和三异丁基铝。
本发明提供的方法可直接由有机铝化合物原料得到负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂,所需设备简单,操作简便,产率高,重现性好。所得固体催化剂活性高,适用于多种聚合方式。用该催化剂催化烯烃聚合得到的聚合物具有良好的颗粒形态,细粉末少。
下面用实施例进一步说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
固体催化剂的制备。
在装有磁搅拌子的200毫升烧瓶中,在氮气氛下依次加入100毫升正己烷、0.2毫升(脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(商品名为Span-80,HLB值为4.3,上海化学试剂厂产品)和2毫升水。在电磁搅拌器上以约250转/分的速度搅拌,得到乳液。在装有搅拌器和气体出口的500毫升三颈瓶中,在氮气氛下加入100毫升15重%的三甲基铝己烷溶液(东京化成(株)制)和50毫升正己烷。在室温、充分搅拌下,以约1毫升/分的速度将上述乳液滴入其中,铝/水(摩尔比)为1.3。然后升温至40℃,继续搅拌反应4小时,得到含有白色絮状甲基铝氧烷(MAO)的悬浮液。
取少量悬浮液置于光学显微镜下观察,发现铝氧烷为近似球形颗粒,粒径为5~20微米。
在装有搅拌器的100毫升反应瓶中,在氮气氛下加入50毫升上述制得的微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液,然后加入5毫升2.3×10-3摩尔/升双环戊二烯基二氯化锆(Cp2ZnCl2,Aldrich产品)的甲苯溶液,在室温下搅拌4小时后真空抽除溶剂,得到1.4g白色粉状固体催化剂。
常压乙烯聚合
将装有搅拌器的500毫升三颈瓶用高纯氮净化后换成乙烯气氛,加入100毫升甲苯和82.5毫克上面制得的固体催化剂。连续通入乙烯以维持瓶内为常压,使之在40℃下聚合1小时。产物用乙醇处理、过滤并真空干燥后,得到0.5g聚合物。聚合活性为7.4×105克聚乙烯/摩尔锆·小时。聚合物具有良好的颗粒形态,无细粉。
高压乙烯聚合
在用高纯氮净化过的1立升的不锈钢反应釜中,加入300毫升正己烷和513.4毫克上面制得的固体催化剂。保持乙烯压力为1.0兆帕,使之在40℃下聚合1小时,得到5.6克聚合物。聚合活性为1.3×106克聚乙烯/摩尔锆·小时。聚合物具有良好的颗粒形态。
实施例2
除了用5毫升1.2×10-3摩尔/升亚乙基双茚基二氯化锆(Et(Ind)2ZrCl2,按J.Orgmet.Chem.,288,63-67(1985)的方法制备)的甲苯溶液代替5毫升2.3×10-3摩尔/升Cp2ZrCl2的甲苯溶液外,按与实施例1相同的方法操作,得到1.3克浅棕黄色粉状固体催化剂。
按实施例1的方法,使用上面制得的固体催化剂分别进行乙烯的常压和高压聚合反应。操作参数和聚合结果示于表1。聚合物的熔点用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
实施例3
除了用20毫升1.2×10-3摩尔/升Et(Ind)2ZrCl2的甲苯溶液代替5毫升2.3×10-3摩尔/升Cp2ZrCl2的甲苯溶液外,按与实施例1相同的方法操作,得到1.4g浅棕黄色粉状固体催化剂。
按实施例1的方法,用上面制得的固体催化剂分别进行乙烯的常压和高压聚合反应。操作参数和聚合结果示于表1。
表1
    实例例号            2              3
    聚合压力    常压     1兆帕    常压     1兆帕
固体催化剂用量,毫克    76.4     431.8    84.1     326.7
聚合物量,克    0.7     6.8     3.2     18.5
聚合活性,克聚乙烯/摩尔锆·小时 2.0×106 3.4×106 2.2×106 3.3×106
聚合物性状  疏松颗粒  良好颗粒形态  疏松颗粒  良好颗粒形态
聚合物熔点,℃  134.9     135.2   133.5      134.7
聚合物表观堆积密度,克/厘米3 - 0.42 - 0.43
实施例4
乙烯和己烯的常压共聚
除了用109.3毫克实施例2的固体催化剂代替实施例1的82.5毫克固体催化剂并加入10毫升己烯外,按与实施例1相同的方法进行常压聚合反应,得到0.5克疏松颗粒状聚合物。聚合活性为9.0×105克聚乙烯/摩尔锆·小时。用DSC法测得聚合物的熔点为125.1℃,用密度梯度管法测得聚合物的密度为0.913克/厘米3
实施例5
固体催化剂的制备
除了用10毫升2.3×10-3摩尔/升二甲基亚甲硅烷基双茚基二氯化锆(Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2,按US5103030所述的方法制备)的甲苯溶液代替5毫升2.3×10-3摩尔/升Cp2ZrCl2的甲苯溶液外,按与实施例1相同的方法操作,得到1.4克浅棕黄色粉状固体催化剂。
高压丙烯液相本体聚合
在1立升的不锈钢高压釜中,先用氮气充分置换,然后换成丙烯气氛。加入563.7毫克上面制得的固体催化剂,再加入600毫升液体丙烯。聚合反应在40℃、密闭搅拌下进行2小时。聚合结束后,排空、分离干燥后得到11.1克聚合物。聚合活性为1.2×106克聚丙烯/摩尔锆·小时。所得聚合物具有良好的颗粒形态,表观堆积密度为0.44克/厘米3,熔点为140℃。13C核磁共振分析表明,该聚合物中mm二单元的含量为90%。

Claims (16)

1、一种负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷固体催化剂的制备方法,包括将金属茂类化合物的溶液加入微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液中,其特征在于:用公知的乳化手段用乳化剂将水与惰性溶剂制成油包水乳液,其中惰性溶剂∶水∶乳化剂的体积比为100∶0.5~10∶0.1~1;将有机铝化合物溶解于惰性溶剂中制成有机铝化合物浓度为5~30重%的溶液;在惰性气氛中,搅拌下将上述乳液按照有机铝化合物与乳液中水的摩尔比为0.8~2∶1的用量滴入有机铝化合物的溶液中,滴加温度为-10~40℃,滴加速度为0.2~20毫升/分,滴加完毕后将体系升温至40~80℃反应1~4小时得到微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液;将金属茂类化合物的溶液按过渡原子与铝原子的摩尔比为1∶100~10000的量加入上述微粒状铝氧烷的悬浮液中,在0~60℃下搅拌1~4小时后除去溶剂。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述惰性溶剂∶水∶乳化剂的体积比为100∶1~5∶0.2~0.5。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于有机铝化合物的浓度为10~20重%。
4、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于有机铝化合物与乳液中水的摩尔比为1~1.5∶1。
5、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于滴加温度为0~20℃,滴加速度为0.5~5毫升/分。
6、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于滴加完毕后的反应温度为40~60℃。
7、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于金属茂类化合物中过渡金属原子与铝原子的摩尔比为1∶300~8000。
8、按照权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于金属茂类化合物中过渡金属原子与铝原子的摩尔比为1∶500~5000。
9、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乳化剂为亲水亲油平衡值为2~6的多元醇类非离子表面活性剂。
10、按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于所述乳化剂为亲水亲油平衡值为3~5的多元醇类非离子表面活性剂。
11、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述用于分散水或溶解有机铝化合物的惰性溶剂选自铝氧烷不溶或难溶的溶剂。
12、按照权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于所述用于分散水或溶解有机铝化合物的惰性溶剂选自饱和烃类溶剂。
13、按照权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于所述用于分散水或溶解有机铝化合物的惰性溶剂为己烷。
14、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述有机铝化合物选自烷基铝、烷氧基铝、芳基铝、卤代烷基铝。
15、按照权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于所述有机铝化合物选自三烷基铝。
16、按照权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于所述有机铝化合物为三甲基铝。
CN95107481A 1995-07-14 1995-07-14 负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷催化剂的制备 Expired - Fee Related CN1047388C (zh)

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US08/677,952 US5728640A (en) 1995-07-14 1996-07-10 Preparation of supported metallocene/aluminoxane solid catalyst
IT96TO000602A IT1290803B1 (it) 1995-07-14 1996-07-12 Procedimento per la preparazione di un catalizzatore solido supportato metallocene/alluminossano
DE19628267A DE19628267B4 (de) 1995-07-14 1996-07-12 Herstellung von trägergebundenen Metallocen/Aluminoxan-Feststoffkatalysatoren
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