CN104540465A - 带有含单独微孔隙区域的球囊的血管内导管 - Google Patents

带有含单独微孔隙区域的球囊的血管内导管 Download PDF

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CN104540465A
CN104540465A CN201380044449.1A CN201380044449A CN104540465A CN 104540465 A CN104540465 A CN 104540465A CN 201380044449 A CN201380044449 A CN 201380044449A CN 104540465 A CN104540465 A CN 104540465A
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electrode
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D.J.霍恩
C.A.汉森
D.C.苏特梅斯特
T.A.奥斯特鲁特
D.T.奎林
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Boston Scientific Scimed Inc
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Abstract

本公开涉及血管内导管(12),其包括:细长构件,细长构件具有近端和远端;球囊(30),其具有内表面、外表面、由内表面限定的管腔和在内表面与外表面之间延伸的圆柱形壁,圆柱形壁具有近端和远端,球囊具有多个渗水窗口(40),多个渗水窗口(40)安置于壁中并且能在内表面与外表面之间传递电流,其中球囊壁原本是电绝缘的;以及,安置于球囊内的电极(36)。血管内系统适于调制肾神经。

Description

带有含单独微孔隙区域的球囊的血管内导管
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35 U.S.C. § 1 19,本申请要求保护2012年8月24日提交的美国临时申请序列号No. 61/693,066的优先权,其以全文引用的方式并入到本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体而言有关于用于神经调制和/或消融的经皮和血管内装置。
背景技术
某些治疗需要暂时或永久中断或修改选定神经功能。一种示例治疗是肾神经消融,其有时用于治疗与充血性心力衰竭相关的病症。肾对于充血性心力衰竭产生交感(sympathetic)响应,这种交感响应与其它效果一起增加了水和/钠的不当保持。消融伸展到肾的某些神经可能减轻或消除这种交感功能,这可能会提供相关联的不当症状的相对应减轻。
许多身体组织诸如神经,包括肾神经、脑组织、心脏组织和其它身体器官的组织紧靠着血管或其它体腔并且因此能经皮或通过血管壁在血管内接近。在某些情形下,可能希望使用射频(RF)电极来消融血管周围神经。在其它情形下,可以通过其它手段来消融血管周围神经,包括向血管壁施加热、超声、激光、微波和其它相关能源。
在涉及血管周围神经诸如肾神经的治疗中,采用这种能源的治疗方法一直倾向于向肾动脉和/或静脉的整个圆周施加能量以确保神经被调制。然而,这种治疗可能导致对电极附近的血管壁造成热损伤和其它不当副作用诸如(但不限于)血液损伤、凝血、弱化血管壁和/或电极的污染。
发明内容
因此希望提供一种用于组织治疗诸如血管内神经调制治疗的替代系统和方法,其沿着和围绕血管或者其它体腔而分布消融或调制位点。
本发明的某些实施例针对于一种球囊导管,其被配置用于组织调制诸如神经调制和/或消融。球囊导管包括了在装置的远端处或附近的可充胀的球囊。球囊壁被构造成仅允许流体在所希望的部位处通过。
RF发射器穿过球囊的管腔延伸以供应RF能量。在使用中,球囊被充胀了离子导电流体诸如盐水并且定位于所希望的治疗部位处。在某些实施例中,球囊可以在治疗部位处与壁诸如血管壁成周向接触。RF发射器被启动并且RF能量被转变成离子能,离子能形成了带离子电荷的流体,其通过在球囊壁中的微孔隙而排出以调制或消融组织。
球囊可以是多层球囊,第一层由渗水材料(sweeping material)制成并且第二层由电绝缘材料制成。渗水材料包括多个微孔隙并且因此具有用于流体和因此离子传导的通路。当球囊被填充时,微孔隙因此可能渗透离子导电流体。微孔隙可以或可以不允许任何显著流体流动。可以通过在原本不可渗透流体的材料中形成适当大小的孔而形成渗水材料或者可以由编织或针织材料造成网状结构而形成渗水材料。在其它实施例中,球囊壁可以是具有单层通常不导电并不可渗透流体材料的球囊壁,具有通过穿过球囊壁层形成微孔隙图案而造成的窗口。
球囊导管可以包括其它元件诸如多管腔导管轴。多管腔导管轴可以包括导丝管腔和一个或两个流体管腔以及导电构件以将电极和一个或多个传感器连接至电力和控制系统。对于包括两个流体管腔的实施例而言,一个流体管腔可以用于将导电流体引入到球囊内并且另一流体管腔可以用于从球囊排出导电流体。以此方式,导电流体可以通过球囊循环。在某些实施例中,可能认为通过放置入口和出口流动管腔来影响在球囊内的流体流动是有益的。RF发射器可以由将RF能量高效地转变为离子能量的任何合适材料和几何形状而构成并且可以例如是带状电极,带状电极绕球囊管腔内的导管轴而螺旋地缠绕并且可以由任何合适材料诸如金、铜或银制成。
在一说明性使用方法中,根据本发明的一实施例的球囊导管使用导丝、引导导管或者其它常规器件而经皮地和/或在血管内插入到治疗部位。球囊被充胀了导电流体并且导电流体通过球囊循环。发射器被启动并且RF能量被转变成离子能,离子能形成了带离子电荷的流体,其通过球囊壁中的微孔隙排出到所希望治疗区的组织内。
可以在预定时段后或在满足了预定条件后结束这种治疗。例如,可以通过电极来测量阻抗,并且在所测量阻抗中的预定变化后可以结束治疗。某些示例实施例的上述总结并不意图描述本发明的每个所公开的实施例或每个实施方式。
附图说明
结合附图,可以考虑各个实施例的下文的详细描述来更全面地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1为示出了肾神经调制系统就位的示意图。
图2为示出肾神经调制系统的远端的示意图。
图3为图2的肾神经调制系统的截面图。
图4为图2的肾神经调制系统的另一截面图。
图5为肾神经调制系统的截面图。
图6为示出了图2的肾神经调制系统就位的示意图。
图7为肾神经调制系统的球囊的外表面的投影图。
图8为另一肾神经调制系统的球囊的外表面的投影图。
图9为肾神经调制系统的球囊窗口的一部分的截面图。
图10为另一肾神经调制系统的球囊的外表面的详细视图,示出了示例窗口。
虽然本发明易于做出各种修改和替代形式,其具体细节已在附图中以举例说明的方式给出并且将详细描述。然而,应了解本发明并不限制本发明的方面为所描述的特定实施例。相反,本发明意图涵盖属于本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、等效物和替代物。
具体实施方式
应参考附图来读取下文的描述,其中,在若干附图中,相似附图标记指示相似元件。未必按照比例绘制的附图并不意在限制要求保护的发明的范围。详细描述和附图示出了要求保护的发明的示例实施例。
在本文中,所有数字被假定由术语“大约”修饰。由端点叙述的数字范围包括了归入在该范围内的所有数字(例如,1至5包括了1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)。
如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所用的单数形式“一”、“该”和“所述”包括了复数指代,除非内容清楚地指示为其它情况。如在说明书和所附权利要求中所用,术语“或”大体上以其包括“和/或”的意义被采用,除非内容清楚地指示为其它情况。
应当指出的是在说明书中对于“一实施例”、“某些实施例”或“其它实施例”等的指代表明了所描述的实施例可以包括特定特点、结构或特征,但每个实施例可能未必包括特定特点、结构或特征。此外,这些短语未必指相同实施例。另外,当结合特定实施例来描述特定特点、结构或特征时,结合其它实施例来实现这些特点、结构或特征将会是在本领域技术人员的知识/认知内的,无论是否明确地陈述,除非清楚地陈述为相反情况。
虽然在本文中描述的装置和方法关于通过血管壁进行肾神经调制展开讨论,设想到装置和方法可以用于其中希望神经调制和/或消融的其它应用中。术语调制指可能更改受影响的神经和其它组织诸如脑组织或心脏组织的功能的消融和其它技术。当希望多次消融时,可能由单个消融装置依序执行它们。
图1为示出了说明性肾神经调制系统10就位的示意图。系统10可包括一个或多个导电元件16,诸如线等,用于向肾消融系统提供电力,肾消融系统包括安置于递送护套14内的肾神经调制装置12,当细长构件的径向膨胀区域(未图示)处于未膨胀配置时,递送护套14可适于可滑动地容纳肾神经调制装置12,细长构件的细节将在后面的附图中更好地看出。(多个)导电元件16的近端可以连接到控制和电力元件18,控制和电力元件18供应必需的电能以启动一个或多个电极,(多个)导电元件16在肾神经调制装置12的远端处或附近附连到一个或多个电极。当合适地启动时,电极能消融组织,如在下文中描述。在下文的公开中,术语电极和多个电极可以被认为等效于能消融相邻组织的元件。用于递送护套14、装置12和能消融相邻组织的元件的合适材料可以包括本文所公开的那些材料(和/或其它合适材料)并且可能包括(多种)润滑(lubricious)材料的内层和/或外层。在某些示例中,返回电极片20可以被供应到腿上或者患者身体上的另一常规部位处以完成电路。也可以包括近端毂(未图示),近端毂具有用于导丝、充胀管腔和返回管腔的端口。也可以包括导电流体源24,诸如注射器、袋或类似物。导电流体源24可以包括泵、调节阀等。导电流体源24可以由管线22或其它常规器件而流体地连接到装置。诸如袋这样的流体收集装置28也可以通过管线26流体地连接到该装置。流体收集装置可以包括抽吸装置,诸如泵、注射器等。
控制和电力元件18可以包括监视元件以监视参数,诸如功率、温度、电压、脉冲大小、阻抗和/或形状和其它合适参数;及沿着肾神经调制装置12安装的传感器;以及用来执行所希望程序的合适控件。在某些实施例中,电力元件18可以控制射频(RF)电极。电极可以被配置成以大约460kHz的频率操作。设想到可以使用在RF范围的任何所希望的频率,例如从450-500kHz。还设想到可以根据需要使用其它消融装置,例如,但不限于电阻加热、超声、微波和激光装置并且这些装置可能需要由不同形式的电力元件18供应电力。
图2示出了肾神经调制装置12的远端部。肾神经调制装置12包括球囊30和电极36。当在使用中时,球囊优选地被填充导电流体,诸如盐水以允许消融能量从电极36通过窗口40传输,窗口40可能经由离子传导而可渗透RF辐射和/或进行能量转移。其它适当导电流体包括高渗溶液、造影溶液和盐水或高渗盐水溶液与造影溶液的混合物。导电流体可以通过流体入口端口32引入并且通过流体出口端口34排出,流体入口端口32和流体出口端口34都在中心轴42中。可以包括一个或多个传感器38,诸如热电偶,并且一个或多个传感器38可以安置于轴42上,球囊30上或者在另一合适部位处。
在图3中示出了靠近球囊的肾神经调制装置12的轴42的截面图。轴42可以包括导丝管腔46,第一管腔48(例如,其可以连接到流体出口34)和第二管腔50(例如,其可以连接流体入口32)。电极36、或用于向电极供电的导电元件可以沿着轴42的外表面延伸或者可以嵌入于轴42内。靠近球囊的电极36优选地电绝缘并且用于向安置于球囊中的电极的部分传输电力。导体44(在图3中仅示出了其中的两个)可以用于供应电力并且允许信息从一个或多个传感器38返回。在某些实施例中,可以省略导丝管腔和/或流体管腔48、50之一。在某些实施例中,导丝管腔46从装置12的远端延伸到近端毂。在其它实施例中,导丝管腔46可以具有近端开口,近端开口远离系统10的近端部。在某些实施例中,流体管腔48、50可以连接到用于循环所述流体通过球囊30的系统或者连接到用于供应新流体并且收集所排出的流体的系统。可以意识到实施例可以利用进入到球囊30内的仅单个流体管腔和单个流体出口而起作用。还可以意识到设想了其它管腔配置。例如,三个管腔可以安置于彼此内,可能同心、或者可能不同心。在某些实施例中,导丝管腔可以是最内管腔并且可能由流体入口管腔所包围,流体入口管腔继而可以由流体出口管腔所包围。在另一所设想到的实施例中,流体入口和流体出口管腔中的仅一个被安置于导丝管腔周围并且流体入口管腔和流体出口管腔中的另一个平行于导丝管腔并且与导丝管腔间隔开地延伸。另一设想到的实施例无流体出口管腔并且流体入口管腔被安置于导丝管腔周围或者绕导丝管腔同心地安置。在另一设想实施例中,省略了导丝管腔并且该系统仅包括流体入口管腔或仅流体入口和出口管腔。当然,还设想到这些轴变型中的任何变型可以与本文所讨论的球囊和窗口中的变型中的任何变型一起被包括。这些只是示例。
在图4中示出了远离所述流体出口端口34的轴42的截面图。存在着导丝管腔46和流体入口管腔50以及电极36。在当前图示实施例中,在此截面图中并不存在连接到一个或多个传感器38的导体44。可以意识到在具有一个或多个远端传感器的实施例中,可以存在与之连接的一个或多个导体44。
球囊30在截面图中被示出具有第一层54和第二层56。由于不存在第二层56而在球囊30中形成了窗口40。第一层54优选地由渗水材料制成。渗水材料是仅允许不显著流体流动并且不允许流体的有序流或射流的传输的材料。合适材料可以是形成微孔隙的材料。微孔隙是最大宽度小于40微英寸(micro inch),小于35微英寸,小于30微英寸,或小于25微英寸的孔隙。另外,微孔隙可以具有在15与30微英寸之间的平均孔隙大小。这种材料可以通过在原本不可渗透流体的材料中形成合适大小的孔或者通过提供由紧密网状物或编织物所形成的材料而形成。合适材料包括了带有微孔隙的聚合物材料并且通过对例如PET、尼龙12、聚酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚酯嵌段共聚物、含氟聚合物诸如PTFE或ePTFE、和Goretex材料进行微孔隙加工来生产,或者是使用诸如尼龙或PEBA这样的许多聚合物来生产的网状物或编织材料。某些实施例还可包括加强子结构或编结子结构。用于子结构的纤维的合适材料包括UHMWPE 、凯夫拉尔(Kevlar)、PET、碳等。
第二层56可以包括不导电的聚合物诸如非亲水性聚氨酯、Pebax、尼龙、聚酯或嵌段共聚物。其它合适材料包括一系列不导电聚合物中的任何聚合物。在某些实施例中,可以选择第一层和第二层的材料以在两层之间具有良好的结合特征。在其它实施例中,合适粘结层(未图示)可以设置于两层之间。如图所示,由于不存在第二层56,窗口40形成于球囊30的壁52中。
图5示出了肾神经调制装置的另一实施例的截面图。沿着与图4相同的线截取截面并且除了本文另外指出的方面,该装置与图2至图4的装置类似。图5的装置具有球囊壁52,球囊壁52具有单个层56。除了窗口40之外,层大体上是不导电的并且不透流体的材料,窗口40通过在希望有窗口的区域处穿过球囊壁52设置微孔隙而形成。图9示出了穿过球囊壁52的窗口40的一部分的示例截面图。微孔隙62a至62g示出了微孔隙可能呈现的轮廓中的某些轮廓。可以通过激光器或通过某些其它合适手段来形成微孔隙62a-62g。图10为示出示例窗口40的详细视图。窗口40包括多个微孔隙62。微孔隙62以随机图案设置于预定窗口形状的边界内或者可以设置为呈规则和重复图案。
图6所示的装置类似于就位的装置12的远端。优选地,该装置12可以按各种大小提供,并且大小被选择为将允许球囊30的窗口40接触血管60的壁。
图5所示的特定球囊可以适用于肾神经调制应用。肾神经围绕肾动脉的外侧大致在纵向延伸。这意味着能改变任何特定周向治疗的纵向位置并且实现相同神经调制效果。因此,窗口40被布置成实现血管的完整的周向覆盖,同时在纵向间隔开。在此特定情况下,四个窗口40各自覆盖血管的不同90度弧度。每个窗口可以覆盖超过90度弧度。例如,窗口40可以覆盖100或110弧度以允许窗口40的某些重叠覆盖。这个实施例的窗口40的数量为四个并且形状大致为圆形。可以意识到设想了窗口数量和窗口形状的变型。例如,设想到包括1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多窗口和包括圆形、椭圆形、矩形或多边形的窗口的实施例。此外,具有不同长度和宽度的窗口可以被定向成使得最大维度平行于纵向轴线,垂直于纵向轴线,或者相对于纵向轴线成另一角度诸如45度角。在某些实施例中,每个窗口可以具有2: 1、3: 1或4: 1的纵横比,其中主要尺度垂直于球囊的纵向轴线。在某些实施例中,一个或多个窗口可以具有定制图案以提供特定治疗图案。
电极36可以是由铂、金、不锈钢、钴合金或其它非氧化材料制成的平坦带状电极。在某些情形下,可以使用钛、钽或钨。电极36可能沿着球囊30的基本上整个长度延伸或者可能仅延伸到像最远端窗口40的远端边缘那样远。电极36可以具有大体上螺旋形状并且可能围绕轴42包裹。在某些情况下,电极36可能结合到轴42。电极36和窗口40可以被布置成使得电极在窗口40正下方延伸。在某些实施例中,电极36可以是线或者可以是绕轴42安置的管状构件。在某些实施例中,可以使用多个电极36并且多个电极中的每一个可能在窗口40下方固定到轴42上并且可能共用一种通往导电元件16的共同连接件。在包括多于一个电极的其它实施例中,每个电极可以是可单独控制的。在这样的实施例中,球囊可以分成多于一个腔室并且每个腔室可以包括一个或多个电极。电极可以被选择为向球囊提供特定灵活程度以增强系统的机动性/可操纵性。能意识到存在着设想的对于电极36的许多变型。
图7至图8示出了球囊壁52的圆柱形中央部分的投影(即,该图示出了在若切开并且平放的情况下的球囊壁的圆柱形中央部分)。这些图的球囊壁52可能易于合并到本文所描述的神经调制系统中的任何系统内。球囊30包括多个窗口40。可能由于不存在第二层56(如在图4的实施例中)或者由穿过单个层的微孔图案(如在图5的实施例中)而限定窗口。窗口被布置于球囊上使得它们的最大维度在周向延伸(即,沿着圆柱形球囊壁的圆周)并且它们的最窄维度在轴向延伸(即,在球囊30的中心纵向轴线的方向上)。窗口40被布置成使得从圆柱形球囊壁的近端向圆柱形球囊壁的远端绘制的任何线穿过至少一个窗口。
窗口可以在周向重叠而同时在轴向间隔开。如果从圆柱形球囊壁的近端向圆柱形球囊壁的远端绘制的线穿过两个窗口,那么,那两个窗口被称为在周向重叠。
周向重叠程度能以窗口40的周向尺寸、球囊的圆周、或绝对尺寸来表达。例如,两个相邻窗口可能表现为例如在0.2mm与2.0mm之间,在0.3mm与0.7mm之间,在0.4mm与0.6mm之间,至少0.3mm,至少0.4mm,或至少0.5mm,或在两个窗口之一的周向尺寸的20%与30%之间,在两个窗口之一的周向尺寸的24%与26%之间,在圆柱形球囊的周向尺寸的5%与15%之间,在圆柱形球囊的周向尺寸的6%与7%之间,或者在圆柱形球囊的周向尺寸的10%与14%之间的周向重叠。
窗口40优选地具有比轴向尺寸更大的周向尺寸。例如,窗口的周向尺寸与轴向尺寸的比例可以大于1.5: 1,大于2: 1,大于 7比1或某些其它合适数字。窗口可以具有1 mm、1.25 mm、1.5 mm、1.75 mm、2 mm、2.25 mm、2.5 mm的轴向尺寸或其它合适尺寸和大于3mm诸如3 mm、3.5 mm、4 mm、4.5 mm、5 mm或7 mm的周向尺寸。窗口40的周向尺寸可以是球囊壁的圆柱形部分的圆周的20%、25%、30%、100%或其它合适百分比。
图7和图8的窗口40被示出以大致螺旋方式布置,因为每个相邻窗口与先前窗口在轴向和周向偏移(同时在周向重叠)。可以使用足以提供完全周向覆盖的任何数量的窗口。在图6的实施例中,示出了五个窗口40。某些实施例可以包括3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个窗口并且如果如图6所示螺旋地布置,则可能围绕球囊壁延伸超过一匝。将意识到螺旋配置未必提供完全周向覆盖。完全周向覆盖表示窗口被布置成使得从圆柱形球囊壁的近端向圆柱形球囊壁的远端绘制的任何轴向平行线穿过至少一个窗口。这些窗口可以是任何合适形状,诸如椭圆形、长圆形、蝶形或菱形。
可以根据本文所描述的方法之一或者通过另一合适方法来制造具有窗口40的多层球囊30。在一种方法中,球囊的第一层54和第二层56被单独地制造,使用吹塑成型技术或其它合适方法。用于限定窗口40的孔由激光器、打孔机、机械或液压切割元件或其它合适技术而形成于第二层56中。第一层54定位于第二层56内侧并且两个层54、56使用热、化学溶剂、粘合剂或其它合适技术而融合在一起。在某些情况下,两个层可以定位于模具内侧和/或压力可以施加于内层54内侧以使用热、溶剂或粘合剂在膨胀位置融合两层。在某些情形下。两层并未直接地联结,而是单独地附连到轴42。
在另一制造方法中,内层54形成于柔性心轴上。柔性心轴具有与处于膨胀位置的内层54的形状类似的形状但是其由诸如硅这样的材料制成,其并不牢固地粘结到内层54的材料上。可以通过浸涂、喷涂、吹塑成型或其它合适技术而在柔性心轴上形成内层54。掩膜材料涂覆于内层上需要一个或多个窗口40的位置。可以使用可移除或暂时粘合剂将掩膜材料固定到内层上。然后使用非导电聚合物将柔性心轴以及内层和内层上的掩膜材料再次浸涂以形成外层56。在掩膜材料的边缘处切割了外层并且移除掩膜材料以及在掩膜材料上的外层材料,因而形成球囊30。最终,从球囊30内移除柔性心轴。
在使用中,提供诸如系统10的肾消融系统。该系统可以用于标准引导导管诸如6 French引导导管。然后,该系统10可以经皮引入,如在血管内医疗装置中通过使用引导导管和/或导丝常规地那样。例如,导丝诸如0.014"直径导丝可以经皮穿过股动脉引入并且使用标准放射照相技术而导航至肾动脉。在某些实施例中,递送护套14可以在导丝上引入并且可以抽出导丝,并且然后可通过递送护套引入所述装置12。在其它实施例中,该装置12可以在导丝上引入,或者该系统,包括递送护套14,可以在导丝上引入。在涉及递送护套14的实施例中,该装置12可以从递送护套14的远端向远端递送就位,或者递送护套可以向近端抽出以暴露该装置12。导电流体58通过流体入口管腔50和流体入口端口32引入到球囊内。导电流体使球囊膨胀到所希望的大小。可以通过监视引入到系统内的导电流体的体积来间接地监视球囊膨胀或者可以通过放射照相或其它常规手段来监视球囊膨胀。可选地,一旦球囊膨胀为所希望的大小,通过流体入口端口32继续引入流体同时通过流体出口端口34从球囊抽出流体来使流体在球囊内循环。流体循环速率可以在0与100 ml/min之间,2与45 ml/min之间,3与30 ml/min之间,或者其它希望的循环速率。通过球囊窗口40的渗水或渗漏率可以在0 mL/min与15 mL/min之间,在0.1 微升/min与0.1 mL/min之间,或其它所希望的速率(可能取决于孔隙大小和孔隙数量)。球囊可以保持在所希望的压力或附近诸如介于1与6 个大气压之间, 介于1.5 与4个大气压之间, 介于2.5与3.5个大气压之间的绝对压力或其它所希望的压力。然后通过向电极供应能量来启动电极36。能量可以在400-500 kHz和在1瓦与50瓦之间供应。能量通过导电流体介质并且通过窗口40传输到血管壁以调制或消融组织。没有穿过球囊的无窗口部分的导电途径可能会防止除了在窗口40和类似结构之外通过球囊壁的有效能量传输。可以通过监视穿过电极的阻抗变化来监视治疗的进程。可以根据需要在该程序期间进行诸如压力和/或温度测量这样的其它测量。导电流体58的循环可能减轻与窗口40相接触的血管60组织的温度升高。电极36优选地被启动持续一段有效时间长度,诸如1分钟或2分钟。一旦在特定部位处完成了该程序,球囊30可能被部分地或完全地瘪缩并且移动到不同部位诸如其它肾动脉,并且可以根据需要使用常规递送和重定位技术在另一部位处重复这个程序。
在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,对于本发明的各种修改和更改将对于本领域技术人员显然,并且应了解本发明并非不当地限制于上文所陈述的说明性实施例。所有公告和专利以引用的方式并入到本文中到如同每个个别公开或专利具体地并且单独地指示为以引用的方式并入到本文中的程度。

Claims (15)

1.一种血管内导管,包括:
细长构件,其具有近端和远端;
囊体,其具有内表面、外表面、由所述内表面限定的管腔以及在所述内表面与所述外表面之间延伸的囊体壁,所述囊体具有安置于所述囊体壁中的多个窗口,所述多个窗口能在所述内表面与所述外表面之间传递电流,且其中所述囊体壁以另外的方式是电绝缘的,每个窗口包括多个微孔隙;以及
电极,其安置于所述囊体内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导管,其特征在于,所述囊体壁包括第一层和第二层,
其中所述第一层包括所述多个微孔隙,
其中所述第二层包括不能渗透流体的材料,以及
其中通过从所述囊体壁的部分选择性地排除所述第二层来形成所述多个窗口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导管,其特征在于,所述第一层包括编织材料。
4.根据权利要求2所述的导管,其特征在于,所述第一层包括膨胀聚合材料。
5.根据权利要求2所述的导管,其特征在于,所述第一层在所述第二层内。
6.根据权利要求2所述的导管,其特征在于,所述第二层在所述第一层内。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述多个窗口中的至少一个在周向方向上比在轴向方向上更远地延伸。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述多个窗口中的至少一个为圆形。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述多个窗口中的至少一个为非圆形。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述多个窗口彼此轴向间隔开。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述多个窗口布置成所述囊体壁上的螺旋形状。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述至少两个窗口绕所述囊体在周向重叠。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,其还包括:安置于所述细长构件上的温度传感器。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的导管,其特征在于,所述电极绕所述细长构件而螺旋地安置。
15.一种血管内导管,包括:
细长构件,其具有近端和远端;
囊体,其具有内表面、外表面、由所述内表面限定的管腔以及在所述内表面与所述外表面之间延伸的囊体壁,所述囊体具有安置于所述囊体壁中的多个渗水窗口,并且渗水窗口能在所述内表面与所述外表面之间传递电流并且其中所述囊体壁另外地是电绝缘的;以及
电极,其安置于所述囊体内。
CN201380044449.1A 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 带有含单独微孔隙区域的球囊的血管内导管 Pending CN104540465A (zh)

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