CN104202981B - 防治动物害虫的n‑取代的吡啶亚基化合物和衍生物 - Google Patents
防治动物害虫的n‑取代的吡啶亚基化合物和衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104202981B CN104202981B CN201380018646.6A CN201380018646A CN104202981B CN 104202981 B CN104202981 B CN 104202981B CN 201380018646 A CN201380018646 A CN 201380018646A CN 104202981 B CN104202981 B CN 104202981B
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- PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class CCCCOP(=S)(OCCCC)OCCCC PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003982 trichinellosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007588 trichinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- SSVQZCMLYFMJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl hypofluorite Chemical compound ClC(OF)(Cl)Cl SSVQZCMLYFMJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac-ethyl Chemical group O=C1CC(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHRNKANAAGQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylstannane Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1[SnH](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHRNKANAAGQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N valifenalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052613 viral pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000664 voltage gated sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002578 wasp venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/46—Oxygen atoms
- C07D213/50—Ketonic radicals
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的吡啶亚基化合物、其对映体、非对映体和盐以及包含该类化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及这些N‑取代的吡啶亚基化合物和包含它们的组合物防治和防除动物害虫的方法和用途。此外,本发明还涉及施用该类N‑取代的吡啶亚基化合物的杀虫方法。本发明的N‑取代的吡啶亚基化合物由式I定义,其中X、Het、R1、R2、R3、R4和R6如说明书所定义。
Description
本发明涉及N-取代的吡啶亚基化合物、其对映体、非对映体、衍生物和盐以及包含该类化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及N-取代的吡啶亚基化合物、其盐或包含它们的组合物在防治动物害虫中的用途。此外,本发明还涉及施用该类化合物的方法。
动物害虫破坏生长和收获的作物且袭击木质居住和商业结构体,从而对食物供应和财产造成大的经济损失。尽管已知大量杀虫剂,但由于目标害虫能够对所述杀虫剂产生耐药性,仍然需要用于防治动物害虫的新试剂。动物害虫如昆虫和螨科(acaridae)尤其难以有效防治。
因此,本发明的目的是要提供具有良好杀虫活性,尤其对难以防治的昆虫和螨科具有良好杀虫活性的化合物。
已经发现这些目的由用于防治和/或防除动物害虫的通式I的N-取代的吡啶亚基衍生物和/或其对映体、非对映体、E/Z-异构体或可农用或可兽用盐解决:
通式(I)的N-取代的吡啶亚基化合物:
其中
X选自O、S或NR5;
Het为5或6员碳键合或任选氮键合杂环或杂芳族环体系,各环成员选自碳原子和至少一个,至多3个独立地选自硫、氧或氮的杂原子,其中碳、氧和氮环成员可以独立地部分或完全被氧化,并且其中该环体系的各环任选被k个选自R6a的取代基取代,其中k为选自1、2、3、4或5的整数,并且两个或更多个取代基R6a相互独立地选择;
R1、R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、-SCN、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基,其中上述碳链基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合,
Si(R11)2R12、OR16、OSO2R16、S(O)nR16、S(O)nNR17aR17b、NR17aR17b、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)NR17aR17b、C(=O)OR16、C(=O)R15、C(=S)R15,苯基,任选被一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代,
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成3-6员饱和或部分不饱和碳环或杂环,其中所述环的碳原子各自未被取代或者可以带有1或2个基团R7的任意组合,
或者R1和R2可以一起为=O、=CR13R14、=S、=S(O)nR16、=S(O)nNR17aR17b、=NR17a、=NOR16、=NNR17a;
R3选自氢、卤素、氰基、SCN、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基,其中后提到的8个碳链基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合;
OR8、OSO2R8、S(O)nR8、S(O)nNR9aR9b、NR9aR9b、C(=O)NR9aR9b、C(=S)NR9aR9b、C(=O)R7、C(=S)R7,
苯基,任选被一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基,其中后提到的6个碳链基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合,
Si(R11)2R12、OR16、OSO2R16、S(O)nR16、S(O)nNR17aR17b、NR17aR17b、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)NR17aR17b、C(=O)OR16、C(=O)R15、C(=S)R15,苯基,任选被1、2、3、4或5个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代,包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被一个或多个,例如1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
R5选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基,其中后提到的4个脂族和脂环族基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或可以带有1或2个选自R7的基团,
苯基、苄基、吡啶基、嘧啶基,其中后提到的4个基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或带有1、2或3个选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷氧羰基的取代基,
R6、R6a独立于存在的R6或R6a的数目且相互独立地各自选自氢、卤素、氰基、叠氮基、硝基、SCN、SF5、C1-C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C10链烯基、C2-C10炔基,并且上述脂族和脂环族基团的碳原子可以任选相互独立地被一个或多个R7进一步取代,
OR8、NR9aR9b、S(O)nR8、S(O)nNR9aR9b、C(=O)R7、C(=O)NR9aR9b、C(=O)OR8、C(=S)R7、C(=S)NR9aR9b、C(=S)OR8、C(=S)SR8、C(=NR9a)R7、C(=NR9a)NR9aR9b、Si(R11)2R12;
苯基,任选被1、2、3、4或5个独立地选自R10的取代基取代;
包含1、2、3或4个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3、4或5个独立地选自R10的取代基取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
或者存在于一个环碳或硫原子上的两个R6或两个R6a可以一起形成=O、=CR13R14、=S、=S(O)nR16、=S(O)nNR17aR17b、=NR17a、=NOR16、=NNR17a;
或者两个R6一起形成C2-C7亚烷基链,由此与它们所键合的环原子一起形成3、4、5、6、7或8员环,其中该亚烷基链可以被1或2个O、S和/或NR17a间隔和/或该亚烷基链的1或2个CH2基团可以被基团C=O、C=S和/或C=NR17a替代;和/或该亚烷基链可以被一个或多个选自如下的基团取代:卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基,可以被一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个基团R10取代的苯基以及含有1、2或3个选自N、O、S、NO、SO和SO2的杂原子或杂原子基团作为环成员的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环,其中该杂环可以被一个或多个基团R18取代;
R7各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、叠氮基、硝基、-SCN、SF5、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基、Si(R11)2R12、OR16、OSO2R16、S(O)nR16、S(O)nNR17aR17b、NR17aR17b、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)NR17aR17b、C(=O)OR16、C(=O)R15、C(=S)R15、C(=NR17a)R15,
苯基,任选被1、2、3、4或5个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化,
或者两个存在于一个碳原子上的R7可以一起形成=O、=CR13R14、=S、=S(O)nR16、=S(O)nNR17aR17b、=NR17a、=NOR16、=NNR17a;
或者两个R7可以与这两个R7键合的碳原子一起形成3、4、5、6、7或8员饱和或部分不饱和碳环或杂环;
R8各自相互独立地选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C4-C8烷基环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基、-Si(R11)2R12、S(O)nR16、S(O)nNR17aR17b、NR17aR17b、-N=CR13R14、-C(=O)R15、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)NR17aR17b、C(=O)OR16,
苯基,任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代;
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
R9a、R9b各自相互独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基,
S(O)nR16、-S(O)nNR17aR17b、C(=O)R15、C(=O)OR16、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)R15、C(=S)SR16、C(=S)NR17aR17b、C(=NR17a)R15;
苯基,任选被一个或多个,例如1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代;
包含1、2、3或4个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
或者R9a和R9b一起为C2-C7亚烷基链且与它们所键合的氮原子一起形成3、4、5、6、7或8员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族环,其中该亚烷基链可以含有一个或两个选自氧、硫或氮的杂原子且可以任选被卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基取代,
苯基,任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代;
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
或者R9a和R9b可以一起形成=CR13R14、=S(O)nR16、=S(O)nNR17R17、=NR17或=NOR16基团;
R10各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、叠氮基、硝基、SCN、SF5、C1-C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C10链烯基、C2-C10炔基,其中上述脂族和脂环族基团的碳原子可以任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的R15取代,Si(R11)2R12、OR16、OS(O)nR16、-S(O)nR16、S(O)nNR17aR17b、NR17aR17b、C(=O)R15、C(=S)R15、C(=O)OR16、-C(=NR17a)R15、C(=O)NR17aR17b、C(=S)NR17aR17b,
苯基,任选被卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代,
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被一个或多个相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、NO2、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基的取代基取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
或者两个存在于部分饱和杂环的一个原子上的R10可以一起为=O、=CR13R14、=S(O)nR16、=S(O)nNR17aR17b、=NR17a、=NOR16或=NNR17a;
或者两个在相邻碳原子上的R10可以为选自CH2CH2CH2CH2、CH=CH-CH=CH、N=CH-CH=CH、CH=N-CH=CH、N=CH-N=CH、OCH2CH2CH2、OCH=CHCH2、CH2OCH2CH2、OCH2CH2O、OCH2OCH2、CH2CH2CH2、CH=CHCH2、CH2CH2O、CH=CHO、CH2OCH2、CH2C(=O)O、C(=O)OCH2、O(CH2)O、SCH2CH2CH2、SCH=CHCH2、CH2SCH2CH2、SCH2CH2S、SCH2SCH2、CH2CH2S、CH=CHS、CH2SCH2、CH2C(=S)S、C(=S)SCH2、S(CH2)S、CH2CH2NR17a、CH2CH=N、CH=CH-NR17a、OCH=N、SCH=N的桥并且与这两个R10所键合的碳原子一起形成5或6员部分饱和或不饱和、芳族碳环或杂环,其中该环可以任选被一个或两个选自=O、OH、CH3、OCH3、卤素、氰基、卤代甲基或卤代甲氧基的取代基取代;
R11、R12各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧基烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基烷基,以及
苯基,任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代;
R13、R14各自相互独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基烷基、苯基和苄基;
R15各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、OH、SH、SCN、SF5、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基,
C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基,其中后提到的4个脂族和脂环族基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或可以带有1或2个选自C1-C4烷氧基的基团;
苯基、苄基、吡啶基、苯氧基,其中后提到的4个基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或带有1、2或3个选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二-C1-C6烷基氨基的取代基,
或者两个存在于相同碳原子上的R15可以一起为=O、=CH(C1-C4)、=C(C1-C4烷基)C1-C4烷基、=N(C1-C6烷基)或=NO(C1-C6烷基);
R16各自相互独立地选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基,C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基,其中后提到的4个基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或带有1或2个选自C1-C4烷氧基的基团,
苯基、苄基、吡啶基、苯氧基,其中后提到的4个基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或带有1、2或3个选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷氧羰基的取代基;
R17a、R17b各自相互独立地选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基,C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基,其中后提到的4个脂族和脂环族基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或可以带有1或2个选自C1-C4烷氧基的基团,
苯基、苄基、吡啶基、苯氧基,其中后提到的4个基团可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤代和/或被氧化和/或带有1、2或3个选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷氧羰基的取代基,
或者R17a和R17b可以一起为与R17a和R17b所键合的氮原子一起形成3-7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和环的C2-C6亚烷基链,其中该亚烷基链可以含有1或2个选自氧、硫或氮的杂原子且可以任选被卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;
n为相互独立地选自0、1或2的整数。
某些杂芳基烷基取代的5和6员杂环及其作为杀虫剂的用途已经描述于DE3639877中。
硝基甲基)吡啶(Nitromethyl)pyridinium)化合物及其杀虫活性公开于DE2416350中。
作为杀虫剂的(N-杂环基亚氨基)杂环化合物的制备公开于WO 9215564中。
苯甲酰基取代的化合物如化合物S24795已经作为α-7烟碱受体交互子公开于Journal of Neuroscience 2009),29(35),10961-10973中。
取代的吡啶亚基羰基化合物及其化学描述于Journal of the Chemical Society[Section]1967,167(10),983-988,Journal of the Chemical Society1965,3093-3096,Australian Journal of Chemistry 1972,5(7),1549-1560和KhimiyaGeterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii 1991(8),1110-1116中。吡啶亚胺化合物及其生产方法描述于WO2012/029672和WO/2013/031671中。
式I的N-取代的吡啶亚基化合物及其可农用或可兽用盐对动物害虫,即有害节肢动物和线虫,尤其是难以防治的昆虫和螨科具有高度活性。
因此,本发明涉及通式I的N-取代的吡啶亚基化合物、其可农用或可兽用盐、其对映体或非对映体。
此外,本发明涉及并包括下列实施方案:
-包含一定量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐的农用和兽用组合物;
-式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐在防治动物害虫中的用途;
-一种防治动物害虫的方法,包括使动物害虫、其栖息地、繁殖地、食物供应源、植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或其中动物害虫生长或可能生长的环境或要防止动物侵袭或侵染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间与灭害有效量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-一种保护作物以防动物害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使作物与灭害有效量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-一种保护植物繁殖材料,尤其是种子以防土壤昆虫并保护秧苗的根和芽以防土壤和叶面昆虫的方法,包括使种子在播种之前和/或在预萌发之后与至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-包含式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐的种子;
-式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或可兽用盐在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的用途。
-一种处理、防治、预防或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的方法,包括对该动物口服、局部或胃肠外给药或施用杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐;
-一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的兽用组合物的方法,包括将杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐加入适合兽用的载体组合物中;
-式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐在制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的药物中的用途。
本发明尤其涉及植物繁殖材料,尤其如上所述涉及种子,其包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可农用盐。
本发明涉及式I化合物的每一可能立体异构体,即单一对映体或非对映体,以及其混合物。
本发明还涉及通式(I)化合物的相应E和Z异构体:
本发明涉及单独的各异构体或以任何相互比例的异构体混合物或组合。
本发明化合物可以是无定形的或者可以以一种或多种可能具有不同的宏观性能如稳定性或显示不同生物学性能如活性的不同晶态(多晶型)或晶型存在。本发明包括式I的无定形和结晶化合物二者,相应化合物I的不同晶态或晶型的混合物及其无定形或结晶盐。
式I化合物的盐优选是可农用和/或可兽用盐。它们可以以常规方法形成,例如若式I化合物具有碱性官能团,则通过使该化合物与所述阴离子的酸反应,或者通过使式I的酸性化合物与合适碱反应。
合适的可农用或可兽用盐尤其为其阳离子和阴离子分别对本发明化合物的作用没有任何不利影响的那些阳离子的盐或那些酸的酸加成盐。合适的阳离子尤其是碱金属离子,优选锂、钠和钾离子;碱土金属离子,优选钙、镁和钡离子;过渡金属离子,优选锰、铜、锌和铁离子;还有铵(NH4 +)和其中1-4个氢原子被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4羟基烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、羟基-C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、苯基或苄基替代的取代铵。取代铵离子的实例包括甲基铵、异丙基铵、二甲基铵、二异丙基铵、三甲基铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、四丁基铵、2-羟基乙基铵、2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基铵、二(2-羟基乙基)铵、苄基三甲基铵和苄基三乙基铵,此外还有离子,锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)锍,以及氧化锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)氧化锍。
有用酸加成盐的阴离子主要是氯离子、溴离子、氟离子、硫酸氢根、硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根、硝酸根、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、六氟硅酸根、六氟磷酸根、苯甲酸根和C1-C4链烷酸的阴离子,优选甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根和丁酸根。它们可以通过使式I化合物与对应阴离子的酸,优选盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸反应而形成。
在各变量的上述定义中提到的有机结构部分象术语卤素一样为各基团成员的各次列举的集合性术语。前缀Cn-Cm在每种情况下表示该基团中可能的碳原子数。
“卤素”是指氟、溴、氯和碘。
术语“部分或完全被卤代”是指给定基团的一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个或所有氢原子已经被卤原子,尤其是氟或氯替代。
本文所用(以及还有在Cn-Cm烷基氨基、二-Cn-Cm烷基氨基、Cn-Cm烷基氨基羰基、二-Cn-Cm烷基氨基羰基、Cn-Cm烷硫基、Cn-Cm烷基亚磺酰基和Cn-Cm烷基磺酰基中)的术语“Cn-Cm烷基”是指具有n-m个,例如1-10个,优选1-6个碳原子的支化或未支化饱和烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基和癸基及其异构体。C1-C4烷基例如是指甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基或1,1-二甲基乙基。
本文所用(以及还有在Cn-Cm卤代烷基亚磺酰基和Cn-Cm卤代烷基磺酰基中)的术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷基”是指具有n-m个,例如1-10个,优选1-6个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的部分或所有氢原子可以被如上所述的卤原子替代,例如C1-C4卤代烷基,如氯甲基、溴甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯氟甲基、二氯一氟甲基、一氯二氟甲基、1-氯乙基、1-溴乙基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-氯-2-氟乙基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、五氟乙基等。术语C1-C10卤代烷基尤其包括C1-C2氟烷基,其与其中1、2、3、4或5个氢原子被氟原子替代的甲基或乙基是同义词,如氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基和五氟甲基。
类似地,“Cn-Cm烷氧基”和“Cn-Cm烷硫基”(或Cn-Cm烷基硫基)是指分别通过氧或硫键在烷基中的任何键处键合的具有n-m个,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述)。实例包括C1-C4烷氧基如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基和叔丁氧基,此外还有C1-C4烷硫基如甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基和正丁硫基。
因此,术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷氧基”和“Cn-Cm卤代烷硫基”(或Cn-Cm卤代烷基硫基)是指分别通过氧或硫键在烷基中的任何键处键合的具有n-m个,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的部分或所有氢原子可以被上述卤原子替代,例如C1-C2卤代烷氧基,如氯甲氧基、溴甲氧基、二氯甲氧基、三氯甲氧基、氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氯氟甲氧基、二氯一氟甲氧基、一氯二氟甲氧基、1-氯乙氧基、1-溴乙氧基、1-氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2-氯-2-氟乙氧基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基和五氟乙氧基,此外还有C1-C2卤代烷硫基,如氯甲硫基、溴甲硫基、二氯甲硫基、三氯甲硫基、氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基、三氟甲硫基、氯氟甲硫基、二氯一氟甲硫基、一氯二氟甲硫基、1-氯乙硫基、1-溴乙硫基、1-氟乙硫基、2-氟乙硫基、2,2-二氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、2-氯-2-氟乙硫基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙硫基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氯乙硫基和五氟乙硫基等。类似地,术语C1-C2氟烷氧基和C1-C2氟烷硫基是指分别经由氧原子或硫原子与该分子的其余部分键合的C1-C2氟烷基。
本文所用术语“C2-Cm链烯基”是指具有2-m个,例如2-10个或2-6个碳原子和在任意位置的双键的支化或未支化不饱和烃基,如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-丙烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-戊烯基、4-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-戊烯基、4-甲基-2-戊烯基、1-甲基-3-戊烯基、2-甲基-3-戊烯基、3-甲基-3-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-甲基-4-戊烯基、2-甲基-4-戊烯基、3-甲基-4-戊烯基、4-甲基-4-戊烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-1-丁烯基、1-乙基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-3-丁烯基、2-乙基-1-丁烯基、2-乙基-2-丁烯基、2-乙基-3-丁烯基、1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-甲基-1-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基。
本文所用术语“C2-Cm炔基”是指具有2-m个,例如2-10个或2-6个碳原子且含有至少一个叁键的支化或未支化不饱和烃基,如乙炔基、丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基等。
本文所用术语“C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基”是指具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,例如象上述具体实例一样,其中该烷基的一个氢原子被C1-C4烷氧基替代。
本文所用术语“C3-Cm环烷基”是指3-m员单环饱和脂环族基团,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基和环癸基。
本文所用术语“芳基”是指芳族烃基如萘基或尤其是苯基。
本文所用术语“3-6员碳环”是指环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和环己烷环。
本文所用术语“含有1、2或3个杂原子或含有杂原子基团的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环”—其中这些杂原子(基团)选自N、O、S、NO、SO和SO2且为环成员—是指单环基团,该单环基团为饱和、部分不饱和或芳族的。该杂环基团可以经由碳环成员或经由氮环成员与该分子的其余部分连接。
3、4、5、6或7员饱和杂环基或杂环的实例包括:环氧乙烷基、氮丙啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、2-四氢呋喃基、3-四氢呋喃基、2-四氢噻吩基、3-四氢噻吩基、2-吡咯烷基、3-吡咯烷基、3-吡唑烷基、4-吡唑烷基、5-吡唑烷基、2-咪唑烷基、4-咪唑烷基、2-唑烷基、4-唑烷基、5-唑烷基、3-异唑烷基、4-异唑烷基、5-异唑烷基、2-噻唑烷基、4-噻唑烷基、5-噻唑烷基、3-异噻唑烷基、4-异噻唑烷基、5-异噻唑烷基、1,2,4-二唑烷-3-基、1,2,4-二唑烷-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑烷-3-基、1,2,4-噻二唑烷-5-基、1,2,4-三唑烷-3-基、1,3,4-二唑烷-2-基、1,3,4-噻二唑烷-2-基、1,3,4-三唑烷-2-基、2-四氢吡喃基、4-四氢吡喃基、1,3-二烷-5-基、1,4-二烷-2-基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、4-哌啶基、3-六氢哒嗪基、4-六氢哒嗪基、2-六氢嘧啶基、4-六氢嘧啶基、5-六氢嘧啶基、2-哌嗪基、1,3,5-六氢三嗪-2-基和1,2,4-六氢三嗪-3-基、2-吗啉基、3-吗啉基、2-硫代吗啉基、3-硫代吗啉基、1-氧硫代吗啉-2-基、1-氧硫代吗啉-3-基、1,1-二氧硫代吗啉-2-基、1,1-二氧硫代吗啉-3-基,六氢氮杂-1-、-2-、-3-或-4-基,六氢氧杂环庚三烯基(oxepinyl)、六氢-1,3-二氮杂基、六氢-1,4-二氮杂基、六氢-1,3-氧氮杂基(oxazepinyl)、六氢-1,4-氧氮杂基、六氢-1,3-二氧杂环庚三烯基(dioxepinyl)、六氢-1,4-二氧杂环庚三烯基等。
3、4、5、6或7员部分不饱和杂环基或杂环的实例包括:2,3-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-3-基、2,4-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,4-二氢呋喃-3-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-2-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-3-基、2,4-二氢噻吩-2-基、2,4-二氢噻吩-3-基、2-吡咯啉-2-基、2-吡咯啉-3-基、3-吡咯啉-2-基、3-吡咯啉-3-基、2-异唑啉-3-基、3-异唑啉-3-基、4-异唑啉-3-基、2-异唑啉-4-基、3-异唑啉-4-基、4-异唑啉-4-基、2-异唑啉-5-基、3-异唑啉-5-基、4-异唑啉-5-基、2-异噻唑啉-3-基、3-异噻唑啉-3-基、4-异噻唑啉-3-基、2-异噻唑啉-4-基、3-异噻唑啉-4-基、4-异噻唑啉-4-基、2-异噻唑啉-5-基、3-异噻唑啉-5-基、4-异噻唑啉-5-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-1-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-2-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-3-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-4-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-5-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-1-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-3-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-4-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-5-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-3-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-4-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-5-基、2,3-二氢唑-2-基、2,3-二氢唑-3-基、2,3-二氢唑-4-基、2,3-二氢唑-5-基、3,4-二氢唑-2-基、3,4-二氢唑-3-基、3,4-二氢唑-4-基、3,4-二氢唑-5-基、3,4-二氢唑-2-基、3,4-二氢唑-3-基、3,4-二氢唑-4-基,2-、3-、4-、5-或6-二-或四氢吡啶基,3-二-或四氢哒嗪基、4-二-或四氢哒嗪基、2-二-或四氢嘧啶基、4-二-或四氢嘧啶基、5-二-或四氢嘧啶基、二-或四氢吡嗪基、1,3,5-二-或四氢三嗪-2-基、1,2,4-二-或四氢三嗪-3-基,2,3,4,5-四氢[1H]氮杂-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,3,4,5,6-四氢[2H]氮杂-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,2,3,4,7-四氢[1H]氮杂-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,2,3,6,7-四氢[1H]氮杂-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,四氢氧杂环庚三烯基,如2,3,4,5-四氢[1H]氧杂环庚三烯-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,2,3,4,7-四氢[1H]氧杂环庚三烯-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,2,3,6,7-四氢[1H]氧杂环庚三烯-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-或-7-基,四氢-1,3-二氮杂基,四氢-1,4-二氮杂基,四氢-1,3-氧氮杂基,四氢-1,4-氧氮杂基,四氢-1,3-二氧杂环庚三烯基和四氢-1,4-二氧杂环庚三烯基。
5或6员芳族杂环基(杂芳基)或杂芳族环的实例是2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、4-吡唑基、5-吡唑基、2-唑基、4-唑基、5-唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、1,3,4-三唑-2-基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、3-哒嗪基、4-哒嗪基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基和2-吡嗪基。
“C2-Cm亚烷基”是具有2-m个,例如2-7个碳原子的二价支化或优选未支化饱和脂族链,例如CH2CH2、-CH(CH3)-、CH2CH2CH2、CH(CH3)CH2、CH2CH(CH3)、CH2CH2CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2和CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2。
优选情形
本发明的实施方案和优选化合物在下面段落中示出。
下面关于式I化合物的变量的优选实施方案,尤其就其取代基X、Het、R1、R2、R3、R4和R6所作说明既单独有效又尤其以每一可能的相互组合有效。
当#出现在显示本发明化合物的优选子结构的式中时,它表示在其余分子中的连接键。
优选其中Het选自式Het-1至Het-24的基团的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键,k为0、1或2且R6a具有下面进一步定义的优选含义。
尤其优选其中Het选自式Het-1、Het-11a和Het-24的基团的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键,k为0、1或2且R6a具有下面进一步定义的优选含义。
尤其更优选其中Het为Het-1a的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键且R6a具有下面进一步定义的优选含义。
尤其更优选其中Het为Het-11a的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键且R6a具有下面进一步定义的优选含义。
优选其中k为0、1或2的式(I)化合物。
尤其优选其中k为0、1或2且R6a具有下面进一步定义的优选含义的式(I)化合物。
优选如下式(I)化合物,其中Het被各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基的R6a取代,其中上述脂族和脂环族基团的碳原子可以任选被一个或多个R7相互独立地进一步取代;OR8、NR9aR9b、S(O)nR8、S(O)nNR9aR9b、C(=O)R7、C(=O)NR9aR9b、C(=O)OR8、C(=S)R7、C(=S)NR9aR9b、C(=NR9a)R7、C(=NR9a)NR9aR9b。
尤其优选如下式(I)化合物,其中Het被各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷基的R6a取代,其中后两个基团的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代。
优选其中X选自O的式(I)化合物。
优选其中X选自S的式(I)化合物。
优选如下式(I)化合物,其中X选自NR5且R5选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基,其中后提到的4个基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合。
优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R1和R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素、CN、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C2-C6卤代环烷基;或者R1和R2可以一起为=O、=CR13R14或=S;或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成3-5员饱和碳环。
尤其优选其中R1和R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基的式(I)化合物。
尤其更优选其中R1和R2均为氢的式(I)化合物。
优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R3选自氢、卤素、氰基、SCN、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基,其中后提到的8个基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合,OR8、S(O)nR8、NR9aR9b,
苯基,任选被1、2、3、4或5个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,
包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分饱和或不饱和芳族杂环,该杂环任选被1、2、3或4个相互独立地选择的取代基R18取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化。
尤其优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R3选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基,OR15、S(O)nR16、NR17aR17b,
苯基,任选被一个或多个,例如1、2或3个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,
或包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的杂原子的5或6员杂芳族环,该环任选被一个或多个,例如1、2或3个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化。
尤其优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基,其中后提到的4个基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代或者可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合。
优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R6各自选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C2-C10链烯基、C2-C10炔基,并且上述脂族和脂环族基团的碳原子可以任选相互独立地被一个或多个R7进一步取代,
OR8、NR9aR9b、S(O)nR8、S(O)nNR9aR9b、C(=O)R7、C(=O)NR9aR9b、C(=O)OR8、C(=S)R7、C(=S)NR9aR9b、C(=NR9a)R7、C(=NR9a)NR9aR9b。
尤其优选如下式(I)化合物,其中R6选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷基,其中后两个基团的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代,或OR16、NR17aR17b、S(O)nR16。
尤其更优选其中Het选自式Het-1、Het-11a和Het-24的基团的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键且其中R6a选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷基,其中后两个基团的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代;k为0、1或2;X选自O或S;R1、R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基;R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基,其中后提到的4个基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代;以及R6选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷基,其中后两个基团的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代。
尤其更优选其中Het为Het-1或Het-11a的式(I)化合物:
其中#表示式(I)中的键且其中R6a选自氢、卤素或C1-C4卤代烷基;X选自O或S;R1、R2均为氢;R3选自氢、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6卤代烷硫基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基、OR15、S(O)nR16、NR17aR17b,任选被一个或多个,例如1、2或3个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代的苯基,或包含1、2或3个选自氧、氮和/或硫的5或6员杂芳族环,该环任选被一个或多个,例如1、2或3个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代并且其中该杂环的氮和/或硫原子可以任选被氧化;R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基,其中后提到的4个基团各自未被取代、部分或完全被卤代;并且R6选自氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷基,其中后两个基团的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代。
本发明化合物的优选实例是下式I-1至I-128的化合物。
尤其优选的实例是下式I-1至I-128的化合物,其中变量R3具有下表C中所给优选含义之一:
在上述128个式I-1至I-128中,R3具有下表C中所给优选含义之一:
表C:
尤其优选的式I化合物的实例在下文给出。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-1)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-2)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-3)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-4)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-5)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-6)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-7)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-8)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-9)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-10)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-11)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-12)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-13)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-14)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-15)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-16)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-17)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-18)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-19)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-20)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-21)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-22)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-23)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-24)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-25)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-26)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-27)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-28)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-29)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-30)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-31)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-32)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-33)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-34)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-35)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-36)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-37)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-38)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-39)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-40)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-41)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-42)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-43)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-44)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-45)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-46)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-47)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-48)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-49)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-50)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-51)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-52)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-53)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-54)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-55)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-56)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-57)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-58)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-59)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-60)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-61)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-62)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-63)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-64)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-65)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-66)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-67)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-68)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-69)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-71)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-71)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-72)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-73)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-74)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-75)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-76)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-77)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-78)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-79)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-80)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-81)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-82)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-83)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-84)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-85)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-86)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-87)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-88)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-89)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-90)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-91)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-92)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-93)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-94)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-95)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-96)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-97)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-98)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-99)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-100)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-101)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-102)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-103)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-104)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-105)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-106)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-107)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-108)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-109)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-110)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-111)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-112)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-113)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-114)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-115)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-116)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-117)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-118)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-119)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-120)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-121)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-122)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-123)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-124)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-125)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例是式(I-126)的化合物C.I.1至C.I.73,其中R3具有表C的第1-73行中任一行所给含义。
尤其具有上述优选变量的本发明式(I)化合物的一种优选异构体为E-异构体。
尤其具有上述优选变量的本发明式(I)化合物的一种优选异构体为Z-异构体。
例如,式I-33的化合物C.I.4根据下列E/Z-异构体是优选的:
此外,在表中以及进一步如上对这些单个基团所提到的含义本身为所述取代基的特别优选实施方案,与其中提到它们的组合无关。
制备方法
本发明式(I)化合物例如可以根据如下所述制备方法和制备方案制备。
本发明式(I)化合物可以通过有机化学的标准方法,例如通过如下所述制备方法和制备方案制备。在这些方案中所给分子结构的Het、R1、R2、R4和R4的定义如上所定义。室温是指约20-25℃的温度范围。
制备式(I)化合物的通用方法的实例如下示于方案A中。因此,式(I)化合物中存在的吡啶亚基单元的构造例如可以通过式3的吡啶前体中的环外甲基用式4的试剂烷基化而实现。该转化优选在极性溶剂如乙腈、丙酮、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、C1-C6醇或水中任选在碱如碳酸盐、叔胺碱或碱金属氢化物、氢氧化物或醇盐存在下在室温至该溶剂的回流温度之间的温度下进行。类似于式3的吡啶前体的烷基化的代表性反应条件给于J.Het.Chem.1995,32(2),391-394中。式3的前体的合成可以通过烷基化式1化合物中的吡啶氮实现。该转化优选在极性溶剂如乙腈、丙酮、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、C1-C6醇或水中或者在惰性溶剂如苯、甲苯或二甲苯中在室温至该溶剂的回流温度之间的温度下进行。2-取代吡啶的N-烷基化的代表性反应条件给于US 2005/009954和Tetrahedron2005,61(43),10331-10337中。式2和4中合适离去基团(LG)的实例包括但不限于卤素、烷基磺酸酯或卤代烷基磺酸酯。
方案A:
代表其中R3为CH3的式I-33化合物的子结构的(1E)-1-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亚基]丙烷-2-酮(Ia)的代表性制备方法示于方案B中。将2-甲基吡啶(1当量)和由2-氯-5-(氯甲基)吡啶根据US2005/0228027制备的2-氯-5-(碘甲基)吡啶(1当量)在乙腈中的溶液在回流温度下搅拌12小时。减压蒸发该溶剂而得到化合物7。类似于J.Heterocyclic Chem.1995,32,391-394中所述程序将粗吡啶碘化物7(1当量)溶于H2O和CH2Cl2(1:2混合物)中并在剧烈搅拌下加入乙酰氯(2当量)。在5分钟内加入NaOH溶液(25%,在H2O中)并继续搅拌30分钟。将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取3次并将合并的有机萃取液用Na2SO4干燥。
方案B:
若各化合物不能经由上述途径制备,则可以通过衍生其他化合物(I)或通过所述合成途径的常规改性制备它们。
反应混合物以常规方式后处理,例如通过与水混合、分离各相并且合适的话通过层析,例如在矾土或硅胶上层析而提纯粗产物。一些中间体和终产物可以以无色或浅棕色粘稠油形式得到,将它们在减压和温和升高的温度下除去挥发性组分或由挥发性组分提纯。若中间体和终产物以固体得到,则它们可以通过重结晶或浸煮进行提纯。
害虫
式I化合物及其盐尤其适合有效防治节肢动物害虫如蜘蛛、多足虫(myriapede)和昆虫以及线虫。
式I化合物尤其适合有效防治下列害虫:
鳞翅目昆虫(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)),例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsiagemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、树尺蠖(Bupaluspiniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capua reticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphisunipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphanianitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Earias insulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetria bouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothisarmigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothis zea)、菜螟(Hellulaundalis)、Hibernia defoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutamalinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucopterascitella)、Lithocolletis blancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestrabrassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyia pseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridromasaucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusiaincludens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpula absoluta、麦蛾(Sitotrogacerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodopterafrugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、Thaumatopoea pityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusiani)和Zeiraphera canadensis;
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallus solstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomuspomorum)、Aphthona euphoridae、Athous haemorrhoidalis、甜菜隐食甲(Atomarialinearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchus rufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotoma trifurcata、金花金龟(Cetonia aurata)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnema tibialis)、Conoderusvespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Ctenicera ssp.、长角叶甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、Diabrotica semipunctata、Diabrotica 12-punctata、南美叶甲(Diabrotica speciosa)、玉米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hypera brunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ipstypographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lema melanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、Limonius californicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus)、Melanotus communis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolontha hippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulemaoryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchusovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、梨树叶象(Phyllobius pyri)、Phyllotretachrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phylloperthahorticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotreta nemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotretastriolata)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilus granaria);
蝇、蚊(双翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anophelesleucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anophelesquadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyiahominivorax)、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobiaanthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culexnigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culisetainornata、Culiseta melanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、Delia antique、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum)、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilusintestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossinafuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosisequestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates)、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetioladestructor)、秋家蝇(Musca autumnalis)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscinastabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami)、葱蝇(Phorbia antiqua)、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、麦地种蝇(Phorbia coarctata)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophoracolumbiae、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、赤尾麻蝇(Sarcophagahaemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxyscalcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa);
蓟马(缨翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti)、Dichromothrips ssp.、烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔梗蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如Calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、金黄异白蚁(Heterotermes aureus)、黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、美小黑散白蚁(Reticulitermes virginicus)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、Reticulitermes santonensis、Reticulitermes grassei、Termes natalensis和台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus);
蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria-Blattodea)),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplanetajaponica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplaneta fuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis),
臭虫、蚜虫、叶蝉、白粉虱、介壳虫、蝉(半翅目(Hemiptera)),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltisnotatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus cingulatus)、Dysdercus intermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygaster integriceps)、烟草蝽(Euschistus impictiventris)、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lyguspratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata)、Solubeainsularis、Thyanta perditor、Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelgeslaricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、希奈德蚜(Aphis schneideri)、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、接骨木蚜(Aphis sambuci)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、银叶粉虱(Bemisiaargentifolii)、飞廉短尾蚜(Brachycaudus cardui)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudushelichrysi)、桃短尾蚜(Brachycaudus persicae)、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、草莓中瘤钉毛蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、茶镳隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphisradicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea)、梨西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis pyri)、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzus lactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphumeuphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、巢莱修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)、Melanaphispyrarius、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzusascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、黑茶镳子衲长管蚜(Nasonoviaribis-nigri)、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphummaidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、苹草缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum insertum)、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneuralanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、桔二叉蚜(Toxoptera aurantiiand)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、温带臭虫(Cimexlectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、Triatoma属和Ariluscritatus;
蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂、锯蝇(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athaliarosae)、切叶蚁(Atta cephalotes)、Atta capiguara、Atta cephalotes、Atta laevigata、Atta robusta、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、举腹蚁属(Crematogaster)、Hoplocampaminuta、Hoplocampa testudinea、Lasius niger、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminata)、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、黑火蚁(Solenopsisrichteri)、南方火蚁(Solenopsis xyloni)、红蚂蚁(Pogonomyrmex barbatus)、Pogonomyrmex californicus、Pheidole megacephala、天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutillaoccidentalis)、熊蜂属(Bombus)、大黄蜂(Vespula squamosa)、Paravespula vulgaris、Paravespula pennsylvanica、Paravespula germanica、姬胡蜂(Dolichovespulamaculata)、黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、Campodontusfloridanus和阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile);
蟋蟀、蚱蜢、蝗虫(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Acheta domestica)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplusbivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplusmexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、庭疾灶螽(Tachycines asynamorus)、Oedaleus senegalensis、臭腹腺蝗(Zonozerus variegatus)、Hieroglyphus daganensis、Kraussaria angulifera、意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、澳大利亚灾蝗(Chortoicetes terminifera)和褐飞蝗(Locustana pardalina);
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea),如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、Ambryomma maculatum、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、安氏革螨(Dermacentor andersoni)、美洲大革螨(Dermacentorvariabilis)、Hyalomma truncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodespacificus)、Ornithodorus moubata、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorus turicata、柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、棕色犬壁虱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),瘿螨属(Eriophyidae),如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrataoleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae),如Phytonemus pallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae),如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae),如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychuspacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和oligonychus pratensis;蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如毒蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)和褐隐毒蛛(Loxosceles reclusa);
蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),
衣鱼、家衣鱼(缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica),
百足虫(唇足纲(Chilopoda)),例如Scutigera coleoptrata,
千足虫(倍足纲(Diplopoda)),例如Narceus spp.,
蠼蛸(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如欧洲球螋(forficula auricularia),
虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinuseurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicolabovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus。
弹尾目(Collembola(跳虫)),例如北极棘跳虫属(Onychiurus)。
它们还适合防除线虫:植物寄生线虫如根结线虫,北方根结线虫(Meloidogynehapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);形成胞囊的线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globoderarostochiensis)和其他球胞囊属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchusxylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属(Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)、中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,Heliocotylenchus multicinctus和其他Helicotylenchus属;鞘线虫和鞘形线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和半轮线虫属(Hemicriconemoides);潜根线虫属(Hirshmanniella);冠线虫,枪线虫属(Hoplolaimus);伪根结线虫,珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,横带长针线虫(Longidorus elongates)和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);根腐线虫,Pratylencus neglectus、穿刺根腐线虫(Pratylenchuspenetrans)、Pratylenchus curvitatus、全体短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)和其他根腐线虫属(Pratylenchus);穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,Rotylenchus robustus和其他盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus);Scutellonema属;残根线虫,原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus);拟毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,马齿苋矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、顺逆矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)和其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus);柑桔线虫,半穿刺线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,剑线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生线虫。
式I化合物及其盐还可以用于防治蜘蛛(蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea)),如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、波斯锐缘蜱(Argaspersicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、Hyalomma truncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodesricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、Ornithodorus moubata、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),以及瘿螨属(Eriophyidae),如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrata oleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae),如Phytonemus pallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemuslatus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae),如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae),如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychuskanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychuscitri)和oligonychus pratensis。
式I化合物特别可以用于防治昆虫,优选刺吸式口器昆虫如缨翅目、双翅目和半翅目昆虫,尤其是下列属的昆虫:
缨翅目:烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔硬蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
双翅目,例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anophelesmaculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anophelesgambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomyabezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culisetamelanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineurabrassicae)、Delia antique、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum)、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fanniacanicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates)、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyzatrifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、秋家蝇(Musca autumnalis)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomyahysocyami)、葱蝇(Phorbia antiqua)、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、麦地种蝇(Phorbiacoarctata)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophora columbiae、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletiscerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、赤尾麻蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanusbovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipulaoleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa);
半翅目,尤其是蚜虫:Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelgeslaricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、希奈德蚜(Aphis schneideri)、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、接骨木蚜(Aphis sambuci)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、飞廉短尾蚜(Brachycauduscardui)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、桃短尾蚜(Brachycaudus persicae)、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、草莓中瘤钉毛蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、茶镳隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、Dysaulacorthumpseudosolani、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea)、梨西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis pyri)、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzus lactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、巢莱修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)、Melanaphis pyrarius、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzuscerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、黑茶镳子衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribis-nigri)、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiellasaccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psyllapiri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、苹草缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum insertum)、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneura lanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、桔二叉蚜(Toxopteraaurantiiand)和葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)。
式I化合物特别可以用于防治半翅目和缨翅目昆虫。
配制剂
为了用于本发明方法中,可以将化合物I转化成常规配制剂,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊、颗粒和直接可喷雾溶液。使用形式取决于特定的目的和施用方法。选择配制剂和施用方法以在每种情况下应确保本发明式I化合物精细和均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知方式制备(对于综述例如参见US 3,060,084,EP-A 707 445(对于液体浓缩物),Browning,“Agglomeration”,Chemical Engineering,1967年12月4日,147-48,Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook,第4版,McGraw-Hill,New York,1963,第8-57页及随后各页,WO 91/13546,US 4,172,714,US 4,144,050,US 3,920,442,US 5,180,587,US5,232,701,US 5,208,030,GB 2,095,558,US 3,299,566,Klingman,Weed Control as aScience,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,New York,1961,Hance等,Weed Control Handbook,第8版,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford,1989和Mollet,H.,Grubemann,A.,Formulation technology,Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH,Weinheim(德国),2001,2.D.A.Knowles,Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations,KluwerAcademic Publishers,Dordrecht,1998(ISBN 0-7514-0443-8),例如通过将活性化合物与适合配制农用化学品的助剂如溶剂和/或载体,需要的话乳化剂、表面活性剂和分散剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、用于种子处理配制剂还有任选的着色剂和/或粘合剂和/或胶凝剂混合而制备。
合适的溶剂/载体例如为:
-溶剂如水,芳族溶剂(例如Solvesso产品、二甲苯等),石蜡(例如矿物油馏分),醇类(例如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇),酮类(例如环己酮、γ-丁内酯),吡咯烷酮类[N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N-辛基吡咯烷酮(NOP)],乙酸酯类(乙二醇二乙酸酯),乳酸烷基酯,内酯如g-丁内酯,二元醇,脂肪酸二甲基酰胺,脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯,甘油三酯,植物或动物来源的油以及改性油如烷基化植物油。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物和磨碎的合成矿物,如硅胶、细碎硅酸、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成材料;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲类;植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
合适乳化剂为非离子和阴离子乳化剂(例如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)。
分散剂的实例是木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
合适的表面活性剂是木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还有磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化的异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯。
还可以向该配制剂中加入防冻剂如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇和杀菌剂。
合适的消泡剂例如为基于硅或硬脂酸镁的消泡剂。
合适的防腐剂例如为二氯芬和苄醇半缩甲醛。
合适的增稠剂是赋予配制剂以假塑性流动行为,即静止状态下的高粘度和搅动状态下的低粘度的化合物。就此而言例如可以提到基于多糖的市售增稠剂,如Xanthan(Kelco的)、23(Rhone Poulenc)或(R.T.Vanderbilt),或有机页硅酸盐,如(Engelhardt)。适合本发明分散体的消泡剂例如为聚硅氧烷乳液(例如SRE,Wacker或Rhodia的),长链醇,脂肪酸,有机氟化合物及其混合物。可以加入生物杀伤剂以稳定本发明组合物免受微生物侵袭。合适的生物杀伤剂例如基于异噻唑啉酮类如以商标由Avecia(或Arch)或以商标RS由Thor Chemie和以商标MK由Rohm&Haas销售的化合物。合适的防冻剂是有机多元醇,例如乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油。这些通常基于活性化合物组合物的总重量以不超过10重量%的量使用。合适的话,本发明的活性化合物组合物可以基于所制备的配制剂总量包含1-5重量%缓冲剂,以调节pH,所用缓冲剂的量和类型取决于活性化合物的化学性能。缓冲剂的实例是弱无机或有机酸如磷酸、硼酸、乙酸、丙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、酒石酸、草酸和琥珀酸的碱金属盐。
适于制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质是中沸点到高沸点的矿物油馏分,如煤油或柴油,此外还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、环己醇、环己酮、异佛尔酮,强极性溶剂,例如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和粉剂可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或同时研磨而制备。
颗粒如涂覆颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过将活性成分与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体的实例是矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成材料;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲;植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%活性成分。活性成分以90-100重量%,优选95-100重量%的纯度(根据NMR光谱)使用。
对于种子处理目的,相应配制剂可以稀释2-10倍,从而在即用制剂中得到0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%活性化合物的浓度。
式I化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式(如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式),借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌来使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;在任何情况下意欲确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
下列为配制剂实例:
1.用水稀释的产品。对于种子处理目的,该类产品可以稀释或不加稀释地施用于种子。
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。或者,加入润湿剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解,从而得到含10重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
B)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份活性化合物溶于70重量份环己酮中并加入10重量份分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体,从而得到含有20重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
C)可乳化浓缩物(EC)
将15重量份活性化合物溶于7重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。用水稀释得到乳液,从而得到含有15重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
D)乳液(EW、EO、ES)
将25重量份活性化合物溶于35重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。借助乳化机(例如Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入30重量份水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液,从而得到含有25重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
E)悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中,将20重量份活性化合物粉碎并加入10重量份分散剂、润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液,从而得到含有20重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
F)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
将50重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并加入50重量份分散剂和润湿剂,借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液,从而得到含有50重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
G)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、SS、WS)
将75重量份活性化合物在转子-定子磨机中研磨并加入25重量份分散剂、润湿剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液,从而得到含有75重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
H)凝胶配制剂(GF)
在搅拌的球磨机中将20重量份活性化合物研磨,加入10重量份分散剂、1重量份胶凝剂润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到活性化合物的稳定悬浮液,从而得到活性化合物含量为20重量%的配制剂。
2.叶面施用的不经稀释而施用的产品。对于种子处理目的,该类产品可以稀释或不加稀释地施用于种子。
I)可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
将5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并与95重量份细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到含有5重量%活性化合物的可撒粉产品。
J)颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG)
将0.5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5重量份载体,从而得到含有0.5重量%活性化合物的配制剂。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到叶面使用的不经稀释而施用的颗粒。
K)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到含有10重量%活性化合物的产品,其不经稀释而施用于叶面。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者,还可以制备由活性物质、润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂以及合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用产品中的活性成分浓度可在较宽范围内变化。它们通常为0.0001-10%,优选0.01-1%。
活性成分也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV),其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性成分的配制剂,或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性成分。
在本发明方法中,化合物I可以与其他活性成分,例如其他灭害剂、杀虫剂、除草剂,肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和过磷酸钙,植物毒素和植物生长调节剂、安全剂和杀线虫剂一起施用。这些额外成分可以与上述组合物依次或结合使用,合适的话还在紧临使用前加入(桶混物)。例如可以在用其他活性成分处理之前或之后用本发明组合物喷雾植物。
根据the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee(IRAC)分类的本发明化合物可以与其一起使用并且可能产生潜在的协同增效效果的农药的下列列举M用来说明可能的组合,而不施加任何限制:
M.1选自如下的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂:
M.1A氨基甲酸酯类,例如棉铃威(alanycarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮氧威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、苯虫威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、抗螨脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、二甲威(XMC)、灭杀威(xylylcarb)和唑蚜威(triazamate);或者
M.1B有机磷酸酯类,例如高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、谷硫磷(azinphosmethyl)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、苯硫磷(EPN)、乙硫磷(ethion)、丙线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、噻唑硫磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、新烟碱类(imicyafos)、异丙胺磷(isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、巴胺磷(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫威(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)和蚜灭磷(vamidothion);
M.2.GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂,如
M.2A环二烯有机氯化合物,例如硫丹(endosulfan)或氯丹(chlordane);或
M.2B fiproles(苯基吡唑类),例如乙虫腈(ethiprole)、丁烯氟虫腈(flufiprole)、pyrafluprole和pyriprole;
M.3选自如下的钠通道调节剂:
M.3A合成除虫菊酯类,例如氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、右旋丙烯菊酯(d-cis-trans allethrin)、右旋反式丙烯菊酯(d-trans allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、2-环戊烯基生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrinS-cyclopentenyl)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、高效氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、精高效氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、乙体氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、高效反式氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、溴氟醚菊酯(halfenprox)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、氯氟醚菊酯(meperfluthrin)、甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin(除虫菊(pyrethrum)))、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)和四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);或
M.3B钠通道调节剂如甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor);
M.4选自如下的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂(nAChR):
M.4A新烟碱类,例如吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(chlothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam);或者
M.4B烟碱(nicotine)。
M.5选自多杀菌素类别的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体变构活化剂,例如艾克敌105(spinosad)或乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram);
M.6选自阿维菌素和米尔倍霉素类别的氯离子通道活化剂,例如齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、lepimectin或米尔螨素(milbemectin);
M.7保幼激素模拟物,如
M.7A保幼激素类似物,如蒙512(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)和蒙五一五(methoprene);或其他如
M.7B双氧威(fenoxycarb),或
M.7C蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen);
M.8其他非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,例如
M.8A烷基卤化物如溴甲烷和其他烷基卤化物,或
M.8B氯化苦(chloropicrin),或
M.8C磺酰氟(sulfuryl fluoride),或
M.8D硼砂,或
M.8E酒石酸氧锑钾(tartar emetic);
M.9选择性同翅目昆虫进食阻断剂,例如
M.9B拒嗪酮(pymetrozine),或
M.9C氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);
M.10螨虫生长抑制剂,例如
M.10A四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)和氟螨嗪(diflovidazin),或
M.10B特苯唑(etoxazole);
M.11昆虫中肠膜的微生物干扰剂,例如苏云金芽孢杆菌(bacillusthuringiensis)或球形芽孢杆菌(bacillus sphaericus)以及它们产生的杀虫蛋白如苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(bacillus thuringiensis subsp.Israelensis)、球形芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌鲇泽亚种(bacillus thuringiensis subsp.aizawai)、苏云金芽库尔斯塔克亚种(bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki)和苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种菌株(bacillus thuringiensis subsp.tenebrionis),或Bt作物蛋白:Cry1Ab,Cry1Ac,Cry1Fa,Cry2Ab,mCry3A,Cry3Ab,Cry3Bb和Cry34/35Ab1;
M.12线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,如
M.12A杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron),或
M.12B有机锡杀螨剂,如三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)或杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide),或
M.12C克螨特(propargite),或
M.12D三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon);
M.13经由质子梯度干扰的氧化磷酸化去偶剂,例如氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、二硝酚(DNOC)或氟虫胺(sulfluramid);
M.14烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,例如沙蚕毒素类似物,如杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹(cartap hydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)或杀虫双(thiosultap sodium);
M.15类型0几丁质生物合成抑制剂如苯甲酰脲类,如双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟虫酰脲(noviflumuron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)或杀虫隆(triflumuron);
M.16类型1几丁质生物合成抑制剂如噻嗪酮(buprofezin);
M.17双翅目昆虫蜕皮干扰剂,例如灭蝇胺(cyromazine);
M.18蜕皮素受体激动剂如二酰肼类,例如甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、呋喃虫酰肼(fufenozide)或环虫酰肼(chromafenozide);
M.19章鱼胺受体激动剂(Octopamin receptor agonsit),例如双甲脒(amitraz);
M.20线粒体配合物III电子传输抑制剂,例如
M.20A灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon),或
M.20B灭螨醌(acequinocyl),或
M.20C嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim);
M.21线粒体配合物I电子传输抑制剂,例如
M.21A METI杀螨剂和杀虫剂,如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)或唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad),或
M.21B鱼藤酮(rotenone);
M.22电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,例如
M.22A二唑虫(indoxacarb),或
M.22B氰氟虫胺(metaflumizone);
M.23乙酰CoA羧化酶抑制剂,如季酮酸和四氨基酸(Tetramic acid)衍生物,例如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat);
M.24线粒体配合物IV电子传输抑制剂,例如
M.24A膦类如磷化铝、磷化钙、膦或磷化锌,或
M.24B氰化物。
M.25线粒体配合物II电子传输抑制剂,如β-酮腈衍生物,例如腈吡螨酯(cyenopyrafen)或丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen);
M.28选自二酰胺类的鱼尼汀(Ryanodine)受体调节剂,例如氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide),氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)或邻苯二甲酰胺化合物
M.28.1:(R)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基}-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺,和
M.28.2:(S)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基}-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺,或化合物
M.28.3:3-溴-N-{2-溴-4-氯-6-[(1-环丙基乙基)氨基甲酰基]苯基}-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(建议的ISO名:cyclaniliprole),或化合物
M.28.4:2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-1,2-二甲基肼甲酸甲酯;或选自M.28.5a)-M.28.5h)的化合物:
M.28.5a)N-[4,6-二氯-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基(sulfanylidene))氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5b)N-[4-氯-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-6-甲基苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5c)N-[4-氯-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-6-甲基苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5d)N-[4,6-二氯-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5e)N-[4,6-二氯-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-二氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5f)N-[4,6-二溴-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5g)N-[4-氯-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-6-氰基苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.28.5h)N-[4,6-二溴-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-三氟甲基吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
M.UN未知或不确定作用模式的杀虫活性化合物,例如印楝素(azadirachtin)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、喹菌酮(chinomethionat)、冰晶石(cryolite)、三氯杀螨醇(dicofol)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、flometoquin、氟噻虫砜(fluensulfone)、flupyradifurone、增效醚(piperonyl butoxide)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、pyrifluquinazon、氟啶虫胺腈(sulfoxaflor),或化合物
M.UN.1:4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氢异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基氨基甲酰基)甲基]苯甲酰胺,或化合物
M.UN.2:环丙烷乙酸1,1'-[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-环丙基乙酰基)氧基]甲基]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-十氢-12-羟基-4,6a,12b-三甲基-11-氧代-9-(3-吡啶基)-2H,11H-萘并[2,1-b]吡喃并[3,4-e]吡喃-3,6-二基]酯,或化合物
M.UN.3:11-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-12-羟基-1,4-二氧杂-9-氮杂二螺[4.2.4.2]十四碳-11-烯-10-酮,或化合物
M.UN.4:3-(4'-氟-2,4-二甲基联苯-3-基)-4-羟基-8-氧杂-1-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮,或化合物
M.UN.5:1-[2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺或基于坚强芽孢杆菌(bacillus firmus)的活性物(Votivo,I-1582)。
上面所列M组市售化合物尤其可以在The Pesticide Manual,第15版,C.D.S.Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council(2011)中找到。
喹啉衍生物flometoquin示于WO 2006/013896中。氨基呋喃酮化合物flupyradifurone由WO 2007/115644已知。亚砜亚胺化合物氟啶虫胺腈由WO 2007/149134已知。异唑啉化合物M.UN.1描述于WO 2005/085216中。Pyripyropene衍生物M.UN.2描述于WO 2006/129714中。螺缩酮取代的环状酮烯醇衍生物M.UN.3由WO 2006/089633已知且联苯取代的螺环状酮烯醇衍生物M.UN.4由WO 2008/067911已知。三唑基苯基硫化物如M.UN.5描述于WO 2006/043635中且基于坚强芽孢杆菌的生物控制剂描述于WO 2009/124707中。
邻苯二甲酰胺M28.1和M.28.2均由WO 2007/101540已知。邻氨基苯甲酰胺M.28.3描述于WO2005/077934中。酰肼化合物M.28.4描述于WO 2007/043677中。邻氨基苯甲酰胺M.28.5a)-M.28.5h)可以如WO 2007/006670、PCT/EP2012/065650和PCT/EP2012/065651所述制备。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其立体异构体、盐、互变异构体和N-氧化物还可以与作为化合物II的杀真菌剂施用。
本发明化合物可以与其联合使用的活性物质的下列列举F用于说明可能的组合,但不限制它们:
F.I)呼吸抑制剂
F.I-1)Qo位点的配合物III抑制剂
嗜球果伞素类:腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、pyrametostrobin、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、pyribencarb、triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、2-[2-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基甲基)苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯和2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基亚烯丙基氨基氧甲基)苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基乙酰胺;
唑烷二酮类和咪唑啉酮类:唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone);
F.I-2)配合物II抑制剂(例如羧酰胺类):
羧酰苯胺类:麦锈灵(benodanil)、苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penflufen、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、N-(3',4',5'-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad))、N-(4'-三氟甲硫基联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基丁基)苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、1,3,5-三甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺、1,3,5-三甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
F.I-3)Qi位点的配合物III抑制剂:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、amisulbrom、2-甲基丙酸[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[(3-乙酰氧基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基]酯、2-甲基丙酸[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[[3-乙酰氧基甲氧基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-羰基]氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基]酯、2-甲基丙酸[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[(3-异丁氧基羰氧基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基]酯、2-甲基丙酸[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[[3-(1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基甲氧基)-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-羰基]氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基]酯、2-甲基丙酸(3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基-2-吡啶基)羰基]氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-8-(苯基甲基)-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基酯;
F.I-4)其他呼吸抑制剂(配合物I,去偶剂)
二氟林(diflumetorim);(5,8-二氟喹唑啉-4-基)-{2-[2-氟-4-(4-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基氧基)苯基]乙基}胺;四氯硝基苯(tecnazen);ametoctradin;硅噻菌胺(silthiofam);
硝基苯基衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、敌螨普(dinocap)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、异丙消(nitrthal-isopropyl);
以及包括有机金属化合物:三苯锡基盐,例如薯瘟锡(fentin-acetate)、三苯锡氯(fentin chloride)或毒菌锡(fentin hydroxide);
F.II)甾醇生物合成抑制剂(SBI杀真菌剂)
F.II-1)C14脱甲基酶抑制剂(DMI杀真菌剂,例如三唑类、咪唑类)
三唑类:戊环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇M(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、1-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷基甲基]-5-氰硫基-1H-[1,2,4]三唑、2-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷基甲基]-2H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇;
咪唑类:抑霉唑(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、oxpoconazole、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizole);
嘧啶类、吡啶类和哌嗪类:异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、1-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷基甲基]-5-氰硫基-1H-[1,2,4]三唑、2-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷基甲基]-2H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇;
F.II-2)δ14-还原酶抑制剂(胺类,例如吗啉类、哌啶类)
吗啉类:4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
哌啶类:苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、粉病灵(piperalin);
螺缩酮胺类:螺茂胺(spiroxamine);
F.II-3)3-酮基还原酶抑制剂:环酰菌胺(fenhexamid);
F.III)核酸合成抑制剂
F.III-1)RNA,DNA合成
苯基酰胺类或酰基氨基酸类杀真菌剂:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、kiralaxyl、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl);
异唑类和异噻唑啉酮类:土菌消(hymexazole)、异噻菌酮(octhilinone);
F.III-2)DNA拓扑异构酶抑制剂:恶喹酸(oxolinic acid);
F.III-3)核苷酸代谢(例如腺苷脱氨酶)
羟基(2-氨基)嘧啶类:磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate);
F.IV)细胞分裂和或细胞骨架抑制剂
F.IV-1)微管蛋白抑制剂,如苯并咪唑类和托布津类(thiophanate):苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl);三唑并嘧啶类:5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶;
F.IV-2)其他细胞分裂抑制剂
苯甲酰胺类和苯基乙酰胺类:乙霉威(diethofencarb)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide);
F.IV-3)肌动蛋白抑制剂:二苯甲酮类:苯菌酮(metrafenone)、pyriofenone;
F.V)氨基酸和蛋白质合成抑制剂
F.V-1)蛋氨酸合成抑制剂(苯胺基嘧啶类)
苯胺基嘧啶类:环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯定(nitrapyrin)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
F.V-2)蛋白质合成抑制剂(苯胺基嘧啶类)
抗生素类:灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、春雷素(kasugamycin)、水合春雷素(kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、链霉素(streptomycin)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、多氧霉素(polyoxine)、井冈霉素(validamycin A);
F.VI)信号转导抑制剂
F.VI-1)MAP/组氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂(例如苯胺基嘧啶类)
二羧酰亚胺类:氟菌安(fluoroimid)、异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
苯基吡咯类:拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、氟菌(fludioxonil);
F.VI-2)G蛋白抑制剂:喹啉类:喹氧灵(quinoxyfen);
F.VII)类脂和膜合成抑制剂
F.VII-1)磷脂生物合成抑制剂
有机磷化合物:克瘟散(edifenphos)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、定菌磷(pyrazophos);
二硫戊环类:稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane);
F.VII-2)类脂过氧化
芳族烃类:氯硝胺(dicloran)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、联苯、地茂散(chloroneb)、氯唑灵(etridiazole);
F.VII-3)羧酸酰胺(CAA杀真菌剂)
肉桂酸或扁桃酸酰胺:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
缬氨酰胺氨基甲酸酯类:苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、pyribencarb、valifenalate和N-(1-(1-(4-氰基苯基)乙磺酰基)丁-2-基)氨基甲酸4-氟苯基酯;
F.VII-4)影响细胞膜渗透性的化合物和脂肪酸:
1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-3-异唑基]-2-噻唑基]-1-哌啶基]-2-[5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮,氨基甲酸酯类:百维灵(propamocarb)、霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb-hydrochlorid);
F.VII-5)脂肪酸酰胺水解酶抑制剂:1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-3-异唑基]-2-噻唑基]-1-哌啶基]-2-[5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮;
F.VIII)具有多位点作用的抑制剂
F.VIII-1)无机活性物质:波尔多液(Bordeaux混合物)、醋酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜(copper oxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜、硫;
F.VIII-2)硫代-和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类:福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulphocarb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram);
F.VIII-3)有机氯化合物(例如邻苯二甲酰亚胺类、硫酰胺类、氯代腈类):敌菌灵(anilazine)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭菌丹(folpet)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、五氯酚(pentachlorphenole)及其盐、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基)-N-乙基-4-甲基苯磺酰胺;
F.VIII-4)胍类及其他:胍、多果定(dodine)、多果定游离碱、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛胺(guazatine-acetate)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、双胍辛胺三乙酸盐(iminoctadine-triacetate)、双八胍盐(iminoctadine-tris(albesilate))、2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻二烯并[2,3-c:5,6-c']联吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮;
F.VIII-5)蒽醌类:二噻农(dithianon);
F.IX)细胞壁合成抑制剂
F.IX-1)葡聚糖合成抑制剂:井冈霉素(validamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin B);
F.IX-2)黑素合成抑制剂:咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamide)、双氯氰菌胺(dicyclomet)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil);
F.X)植物防御诱发剂
F.X-1)水杨酸途径:噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl);
F.X-2)其他:噻菌灵(probenazole)、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium);
膦酸酯类:藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙磷铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、亚磷酸及其盐;
F.XI)未知作用模式:
拌棉醇(bronopol)、灭螨蜢(chinomethionat)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、棉隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat-methylsulfate)、二苯胺、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)、磺菌胺、flutianil、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、氯定(nitrapyrin)、异丙消(nitrothal-isopropyl)、oxathiapiprolin、喹啉铜(oxin-copper)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、tebufloquin、叶枯酞、唑菌嗪(triazoxide)、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基苯并吡喃-4-酮、N-(环丙基甲氧亚氨基-(6-二氟甲氧基-2,3-二氟苯基)甲基)-2-苯基乙酰胺、N'-(4-(4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(4-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(2-甲基-5-三氟甲基-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(5-二氟甲基-2-甲基-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}噻唑-4-甲酸甲基-(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基)酰胺、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}噻唑-4-甲酸甲基-(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基酰胺、甲氧基乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基喹啉-4-基酯、N-甲基-2-{1-[(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-4-噻唑甲酰胺、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶、啶菌恶唑(pyrisoxazole)、5-氨基-2-异丙基-3-氧代-4-邻甲苯基-2,3-二氢吡唑-1-硫代甲酸S-烯丙基酯、N-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)环丙烷甲酰胺、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑、2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔基氧基乙酰胺;
F.XI)生长调节剂
脱落酸(abscisic acid)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、油菜素内酯(brassinolide)、地乐胺(butralin)、矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequat chloride))、氯化胆碱(choline chloride)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、噻节因(dimethipin)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(2,6-dimethylpuridine)、乙烯利(ethephon)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、调嘧醇(flurprimidol)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、调吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸(gibberellicacid)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、吲哚-3-乙酸、抑芽丹(maleic hydrazide)、氟草磺(mefluidide)、助壮素(mepiquat)(氯化助壮素(mepiquat chloride))、萘乙酸、N-6-苄基腺嘌呤、多效唑、调环酸(prohexadione)(调环酸钙)、茉莉酸诱导体(prohydrojasmon)、赛二唑素(thidiazuron)、抑芽唑(triapenthenol)、三硫代磷酸三丁酯、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)和烯效唑;
F.XII)生物控制剂
白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)(例如来自德国Intrachem Bio GmbH&Co.KG的AQ),黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)(例如来自瑞士Syngenta的),出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)(例如来自德国bio-fermGmbH的),短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)(例如以和Plus来自AgraQuest Inc.,USA的NRRL Accession No.B-30087),枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)(例如以MAX和ASO来自AgraQuest Inc.,USA的分离物NRRL Nr.B-21661),解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis var.amyloliquefaciens)FZB24(例如来自NovozymeBiologicals,Inc.,USA的),橄榄假丝酵母(Candida oleophila)I-82(例如来自Ecogen Inc.,USA的),Candida saitoana(例如来自Micro Flo Company,USA(BASF SE)和Arysta的(呈与溶菌酶的混合物)和),脱乙酰壳多糖(例如来自新西兰BotriZen Ltd.的ARMOUR-ZEN),Clonostachys roseaf.catenulata,也称为链孢粘帚菌(Gliocladium catenulatum)(例如分离物J1446:来自芬兰Verdera的),盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans)(例如来自德国Prophyta的),寄生隐丛赤壳菌(Cryphonectria parasitica)(例如来自法国CNICM的栗疫菌(Endothia parasitica)),白色隐球菌(Cryptococcus albidus)(例如来自南非Anchor Bio-Technologies的YIELD),尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)(例如来自意大利S.I.A.P.A.的来自法国Natural Plant Protection的),核果梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia fructicola)(例如来自以色列Agrogreen的),Microdochium dimerum(例如来自法国Agrauxine的),Phlebiopsis gigantea(例如来自芬兰Verdera的),Pseudozyma flocculosa(例如来自加拿大Plant Products Co.Ltd.的),寡雄腐霉(Pythium oligandrum)DV74(例如来自捷克共和国Remeslo SSRO,Biopreparaty的),Reynoutria sachlinensis(例如来自MarroneBioInnovations,USA的),黄蓝状菌(Talaromyces flavus)V117b(例如来自德国Prophyta的),棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)SKT-1(例如来自日本Kumiai Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.的),深绿木霉(T.atroviride)LC52(例如来自新西兰Agrimm Technologies Ltd的),哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)T-22(例如来自Firma BioWorks Inc.,USA的),哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)TH 35(例如来自以色列Mycontrol Ltd.的ROOT),哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)T-39(例如来自以色列Mycontrol Ltd.和以色列Makhteshim Ltd.的和TRICHODERMA),哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)和绿色木霉(T.viride)(例如来自新西兰Agrimm Technologies Ltd的TRICHOPEL),哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)ICC012和绿色木霉(T.viride)ICC080(例如来自意大利Isagro Ricerca的WP),多孔木霉(T.polysporum)和哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)(例如来自瑞典BINAB Bio-Innovation AB的),钩木霉(T.stromaticum)(例如来自巴西C.E.P.L.A.C.的),绿木霉(T.virens)GL-21(例如来自Certis LLC,USA的),绿色木霉(T.viride)(例如来自印度Ecosense Labs.(India)Pvt.Ltd.的来自印度T.Stanes&Co.Ltd.的F),绿色木霉(T.viride)TV1(例如来自意大利Agribiotec srl的绿色木霉(T.viride)TV1),奥德曼细基格孢(Ulocladium oudemansii)HRU3(例如来自新西兰Botry-Zen Ltd的)。
上面所列F组的市售化合物II尤其可以在The Pesticide Manual,第15版,C.D.S.Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council(2011)中找到。它们的制备及其对有害真菌的活性是已知的(参见https://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/);这些物质可市购。由IUPAC命名法描述的化合物、其制备及其杀真菌活性也是已知的(参见Can.J.Plant Sci.48(6),587-94,1968;EP A 141 317;EP-A 152 031;EP-A 226 917;EP A 243 970;EP A 256503;EP-A 428 941;EP-A 532 022;EP-A 1 028 125;EP-A 1 035 122;EP A 1 201 648;EPA 1 122 244,JP 2002316902;DE 19650197;DE 10021412;DE 102005009458;US 3,296,272;US 3,325,503;WO 98/46608;WO 99/14187;WO 99/24413;WO 99/27783;WO 00/29404;WO 00/46148;WO 00/65913;WO 01/54501;WO 01/56358;WO 02/22583;WO 02/40431;WO03/10149;WO 03/11853;WO 03/14103;WO 03/16286;WO 03/53145;WO 03/61388;WO 03/66609;WO 03/74491;WO 04/49804;WO 04/83193;WO 05/120234;WO 05/123689;WO 05/123690;WO 05/63721;WO 05/87772;WO 05/87773;WO 06/15866;WO 06/87325;WO 06/87343;WO 07/82098;WO 07/90624,WO 11/028657)。
应用
可以通过本领域已知的任何施用方法使动物害虫,即昆虫、蜘蛛和线虫,植物、其中植物生长的土壤或水体与本发明式I化合物或含有它们的组合物接触。这里的“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于动物害虫或植物上,通常施用于植物的叶面、茎或根)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于动物害虫或植物的场所)二者。
式I化合物或包含它们的灭害组合物可以通过使植物/作物与灭害有效量的式I化合物接触而用于保护生长的植物和作物以防动物害虫,尤其是昆虫、螨科或蜘蛛侵袭或侵染。术语“作物”指生长和收获的作物二者。
本发明化合物和包含它们的组合物对于在各种栽培植物如禾谷类、根系作物、油料作物、蔬菜、香料、观赏植物,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(青饲玉米和甜玉蜀黍/甜玉米以及大田玉米)、大豆、油料作物、十字花科植物、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油籽油菜、芜菁油菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、禾草、草坪、草皮、牧草、西红柿、韭葱、南瓜/笋瓜、卷心菜、刺茎莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属(Brassica)、甜瓜、菜豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如土豆、甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛、天竺葵/香叶天竺葵、三色堇和凤仙花的种子中防治大量昆虫特别重要。
本发明化合物通过用灭害有效量的活性化合物处理昆虫或待防止昆虫侵袭的植物、植物繁殖材料如种子、土壤、表面、材料或空间而直接或以组合物形式使用。施用可以在植物、植物繁殖材料如种子、土壤、表面、材料或空间被昆虫侵染之前和之后进行。
本发明还包括一种防治动物害虫的方法,包括使动物害虫、其栖息地、繁殖地、食物供应源、栽培植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或其中动物害虫生长或可能生长的环境或要防止动物侵袭或侵染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间与灭害有效量的至少一种式I化合物的混合物接触。
此外,动物害虫可以通过使目标害虫、其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与灭害有效量的式I化合物接触而防治。这里的施用可以在场所、生长作物或收获作物被害虫侵染之前或之后进行。
本发明化合物还可以预防性地施用于预期出现害虫的地方。
式I化合物还可以通过使植物与灭害有效量的式I化合物接触而用于保护生长的植物以防害虫侵袭或侵染。这里的“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于害虫和/或植物上,通常施用于植物的叶面、茎或根)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于害虫和/或植物的场所)二者。
“场所”是指栖息地、繁殖地、植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或其中害虫或寄生虫生长或可能生长的环境。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为表示植物的所有繁殖部分如种子,以及可以用于繁殖植物的无性植物材料如插条和块茎(例如土豆)。这包括种子、根、果实、块茎、球茎、地下茎、嫩枝、芽和其他植物部分。还可包括在萌发后或出苗后由土壤移植的秧苗和幼苗。这些植物繁殖材料可以在种植或移栽之时或之前用植物保护化合物预防性处理。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为包括已经通过育种、诱变或基因工程修饰的植物。基因修饰植物是其基因材料通过使用在自然条件下不易通过杂交、突变或自然重组得到的重组DNA技术修饰的植物。通常将一个或多个基因整合到基因修饰植物的基因材料中以改善植物的某些性能。这类基因修饰还包括但不限于蛋白质(寡肽或多肽)的靶向翻译后修饰,例如通过糖基化或聚合物加成如异戊二烯化、乙酰化或法呢基化结构部分或PEG结构部分(例如如Biotechnol Prog.2001年7月至8月;17(4):720-8,Protein Eng Des Sel.2004年1月;17(1):57-66,Nat Protoc.2007;2(5):1225-35,Curr Opin Chem Biol.2006年10月;10(5):487-91,2006年8月28日Epub,Biomaterials.2001年3月;22(5):405-17,BioconjugChem.2005年1-2月;16(1):113-21所公开)。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括例如已经因常规育种或基因工程方法而耐受特殊类别的除草剂施用的植物,例如羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂;乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂如磺酰脲类(例如见US 6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073)或咪唑啉酮类(例如见US 6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073);烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)抑制剂如草甘膦(glyphosate)(例如见WO 92/00377);谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂如草铵膦(glufosinate)(例如见EP-A 0242236、EP-A 242246)或oxynil除草剂(例如见US5,559,024)。几种栽培植物已经通过常规育种(诱变)方法而耐受除草剂,例如夏播油菜(Canola)耐受咪唑啉酮类如咪草啶酸(imazamox)。基因工程方法已经用于使栽培植物如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜和油菜耐受除草剂如草甘膦和草铵膦,它们中的一些可以以商标名(耐受草甘膦)和(耐受草铵膦)市购。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的植物,该蛋白尤其是由芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌已知的那些,特别是由苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)已知的那些,例如-内毒素如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;无性杀虫蛋白(VIP)如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;线虫定居细菌的杀虫蛋白如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)或致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus);动物产生的毒素如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素或其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;真菌产生的毒素如链霉菌属(Streptomycetes)毒素,植物凝集素如豌豆或大麦凝集素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽蛋白、皂草素或异株腹泻毒蛋白(bryodin);类固醇代谢酶如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮甾类-IDP糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂或HMG-CoA还原酶;离子通道阻断剂如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受体(helicokinin受体);茋合成酶,联苄合成酶,壳多糖酶或葡聚糖酶。就本发明而言,这些杀虫蛋白或毒素还具体理解为前毒素、杂合蛋白、截短的或其他方面改性的蛋白。杂合蛋白的特征在于蛋白域的新型组合(例如见WO 02/015701)。该类毒素或能够合成该类毒素的基因修饰植物的其他实例公开于例如EP-A 374 753、WO 93/007278、WO 95/34656、EP-A 427 529、EP-A 451 878、WO 03/018810和WO 03/052073中。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域熟练技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。这些含于基因修饰植物中的杀虫蛋白赋予产生这些蛋白的植物以对某些分类学上为节肢动物昆虫的害虫,尤其是甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera))、蝇(双翅目(Diptera))、蝴蝶和蛾(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))以及植物寄生线虫(线虫纲(Nematoda))的耐受性。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以增加其对细菌、病毒或真菌病原体的抗性或耐受性的植物。这类蛋白的实例是所谓的“与发病机理相关的蛋白”(PR蛋白,例如见EP-A 0 392 225),植物病害抗性基因(例如表达针对来自野生墨西哥土豆Solanum bulbocastanum的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)的抗性基因的土豆栽培品种)或T4溶菌酶(例如能够合成对细菌如Erwinia amylvora具有增强抗性的这些蛋白的土豆栽培品种)。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域熟练技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以提高产量(例如生物质产量、谷粒产量、淀粉含量、油含量或蛋白含量),对干旱、盐或其他限制生长的环境因素的耐受性或对害虫以及真菌、细菌或其病毒病原体的耐受性的植物。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善人类或动物营养的植物,例如产生促进健康的长链ω-3脂肪酸或不饱和ω-9脂肪酸的油料作物(例如油菜)。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善原料生产的植物,例如产生增加量的支链淀粉的土豆(例如土豆)。
通常而言,“灭害有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种化合物/组合物,灭害有效量可以变化。组合物的灭害有效量也会根据主要条件如所需农药效果及持续时间、气候、目标物种、场所、施用方式等而变化。
在土壤处理或施用于害虫居住地或巢穴的情况下,活性成分量为0.0001-500g/100m2,优选0.001-20g/100m2。
在材料保护中的常规施用率例如为0.01-1000g活性化合物/m2被处理材料,理想的是0.1-50g/m2。
用于材料浸渍中的杀虫组合物通常含有0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%至少一种驱避剂和/或杀虫剂。
为了用于处理农作物,本发明活性成分的施用率可以为0.1-4000g/ha,理想的是25-600g/ha,更理想的是50-500g/ha。
式I化合物通过接触(经由土壤、玻璃、墙壁、床网、地毯、植物部分或动物部分)和摄取(诱饵或植物部分)二者而有效。
本发明化合物还可以用于对抗非作物昆虫害虫,如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊、蟋蟀或蟑螂。为了用于对抗所述非作物害虫,式I化合物优选用于诱饵组合物中。
诱饵可以是液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。固体诱饵可以制成各种适合相应用途的形状和形式,如颗粒、块、棒、片。液体诱饵可以填充到各种装置中以确保适当施用,例如敞开容器、喷雾装置、液滴供应源或蒸发源。凝胶可以基于含水基质或油性基质且可以按照粘性、水分保留或老化特性根据特定要求配制。
用于组合物中的诱饵是具有足够的吸引力以刺激诸如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊、蟋蟀等的昆虫或蟑螂食用它的产品。吸引力可以通过使用进食刺激剂或性信息素控制。食物刺激剂例如并不穷举地选自动物和/或植物蛋白质(肉-、鱼-或血液膳食,昆虫部分、蛋黄)、动物和/或植物来源的脂肪和油或单-、低聚-或聚有机糖类,尤其是蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、右旋糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、果胶或甚至糖蜜或蜂蜜。水果、作物、植物、动物、昆虫的新鲜或腐败部分或其特定部分也可以用作进食刺激剂。已知性信息素更具昆虫特异性。特殊信息素描述于文献中并且对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。
为了用于诱饵组合物中,活性成分的典型含量为0.001-15重量%,理想的是0.001-5重量%活性化合物。
式I化合物的配制剂如气雾剂(例如在喷雾罐中)、油喷雾剂或泵喷雾剂高度适于非专业使用者来防治害虫如蝇、跳蚤、蜱、蚊或蟑螂。气雾剂配方优选包含:活性化合物;溶剂如低级醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇),酮类(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮),沸程为约50-250℃的链烷烃(例如煤油),二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,二甲亚砜,芳族烃类如甲苯、二甲苯,水;此外还有助剂,例如乳化剂如山梨糖醇单油酸酯、具有3-7mol氧化乙烯的油基乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物,芳香油如精油,中等脂肪酸与低级醇的酯,芳族羰基化合物;合适的话还有稳定剂如苯甲酸钠,两性表面活性剂,低级环氧化物,原甲酸三乙酯和需要的话推进剂如丙烷、丁烷、氮气、压缩空气、二甲醚、二氧化碳、氧化亚氮或这些气体的混合物。
油喷雾配制剂与气雾剂配方的不同在于没有使用推进剂。
对于在喷雾组合物中的使用,活性成分含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
式I化合物及其相应的组合物还可以用于蚊香片和熏蒸片,发烟盒、蒸发器板或长效蒸发器以及扑蛾纸、扑蛾垫或其他与热无关的蒸发器体系中。
用式I化合物及其相应组合物控制由昆虫传递的传染性疾病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病,淋巴丝虫病以及利什曼病)的方法也包括处理棚屋和房子的表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物、床品、采采蝇网等。施用于纤维、织物、编织物、无纺织物、网状材料或箔以及篷布上的杀虫组合物优选包含包括杀虫剂、任选的驱除剂和至少一种粘合剂的混合物。合适的驱除剂例如为N,N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺(DEET),N,N-二乙基苯基乙酰胺(DEPA),1-(3-环己烷-1-基羰基)-2-甲基哌啶,(2-羟基甲基环己基)乙酸内酯,2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,避虫酮,甲基新癸酰胺(MNDA),不用于昆虫防治的拟除虫菊酯如{(+/-)-3-烯丙基-2-甲基-4-氧代环戊-2-(+)-烯基-(+)-反式-菊酸酯(Esbiothrin),衍生于植物提取物或与植物提取物相同的驱除剂如1,8-萜二烯、丁子香酚、(+)-Eucamalol(1)、(-)-1-表-eucamalol,或来自诸如花皮桉(Eucalyptus maculata)、蔓荆(Vitex rotundifolia)、Cymbopoganmartinii、香茅(Cymbopogan citratus)(柠檬草)、亚香茅(Cymopogan nartdus(香茅))的植物的粗植物提取物。合适的粘合剂例如选自如下单体的聚合物和共聚物:脂族酸的乙烯基酯(如乙酸乙烯酯和叔碳酸乙烯酯),醇的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯,如丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯和丙烯酸甲酯,单烯属和二烯属不饱和烃,如苯乙烯,以及脂族二烯烃,如丁二烯。
窗帘和床品的浸渍通常通过将纺织材料浸入杀虫剂的乳液或分散体中或将它们喷雾于床品上而进行。
式I化合物及其组合物可以用于保护木质材料如树木、护栏、枕木等,以及建筑物如房子、附属建筑、工厂,还有建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、乙烯基制品、电线和电缆等以防蚂蚁和/或白蚁,并防止蚂蚁和白蚁损害作物或人类(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共设施时)。式I化合物不仅施用于周围的土壤表面或地板下的土壤中以保护木质材料,而且还可以施用于堆积制品如地板下混凝土、亭柱、梁、胶合板、家具等的表面,木质制品如碎料板、半包板(half board)等以及乙烯基制品如包覆的电线、乙烯基片材,绝热材料如苯乙烯泡沫等。在防止蚂蚁损害作物或人类的施用中,将本发明蚂蚁防治剂施用于作物或周围土壤,或直接施用于蚂蚁的巢穴等。
种子处理
式I化合物还适合处理种子以保护种子免受昆虫害虫,尤其是土壤昆虫害虫侵袭并保护所得植物根和芽以防土壤害虫和叶面昆虫。
式I化合物尤其可以用于保护种子以防土壤害虫并保护所得植物的根和芽以防土壤害虫和叶面昆虫。优选保护植物的根和芽。更优选保护所得植物的芽以防刺吸式和吮吸式口器昆虫,其中最优选防止蚜虫。
本发明因此包括一种保护种子以防昆虫,尤其是土壤昆虫并保护秧苗的根和芽以防昆虫,尤其是土壤和叶面昆虫的方法,所述方法包括使种子在播种之前和/或预萌发之后与通式I的化合物或其盐接触。特别优选其中保护植物的根和芽的方法,更优选其中保护植物芽以防刺吸式和吮吸式口器昆虫的方法,最优选其中保护植物芽以防蚜虫的方法。
术语种子包括所有种类的种子和植物繁殖体,包括但不限于真正的种子、种子切片(seed piece)、吸枝、球茎、鳞茎、果实、块茎、谷粒、插条、伐条(cut shoot)等,并且在优选实施方案中指真正的种子。
术语种子处理包括所有本领域已知的合适种子处理技术,如拌种、种子涂敷、种子撒粉、种子浸泡和种子压丸。
本发明还包括涂有或含有活性化合物的种子。
术语“涂有和/或含有”通常是指活性成分在施用时绝大部分处于繁殖产品的表面上,但更大或更小部分的成分可能渗入繁殖产品中,这取决于施用方法。当(再)种植所述繁殖产品时,它可能吸收活性成分。
合适的种子为禾谷类、根系作物、油料作物、蔬菜、香料、观赏植物的种子,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(青饲玉米和甜玉蜀黍/甜玉米以及大田玉米)、大豆、油料作物、十字花科植物、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油籽油菜、芜菁油菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、禾草、草坪、草皮、牧草、西红柿、韭葱、南瓜/笋瓜、卷心菜、刺茎莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属(Brassica)、甜瓜、菜豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如土豆、甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛、天竺葵/香叶天竺葵、三色堇和凤仙花。
此外,活性化合物还可以用于处理由于包括基因工程方法在内的育种而耐受除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂作用的植物的种子。
例如,活性化合物可以用于处理耐受选自磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类、草铵膦(glufosinate-ammonium)或草甘膦异丙胺盐(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)和类似活性物质的除草剂的植物(例如参见EP-A-0242236,EP-A-242246)(WO 92/00377)(EP-A-0257993,美国专利5,013,659)或转基因农作物如棉花的种子,后者能够产生苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素(Bt毒素)以使植物耐受某些害虫(EP-A-0142924,EP-A-0193259)。
此外,活性化合物还可以用于处理与现有植物相比具有修饰特性的植物的种子,它们例如可能通过传统育种方法和/或突变体产生或通过重组程序而产生。例如,已经描述了许多为修饰植物中合成的淀粉而重组修饰农作物的情形(例如WO 92/11376,WO 92/14827,WO 91/19806),或具有修饰的脂肪酸组成的转基因植物种子(WO 91/13972)。
活性化合物的种子处理施用通过在播种植物之前和植物出苗之前对种子喷雾或撒粉而进行。
尤其可用于种子处理的组合物例如为:
A可溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
D乳液(EW、EO、ES)
E悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
F水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
G水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、WS)
H凝胶配制剂(GF)
I可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
常规种子处理配制剂例如包括可流动浓缩物FS、溶液LS、干处理用粉末DS、淤浆处理用水分散性粉末WS、水溶性粉末SS、乳液ES和EC以及凝胶配制剂GF。这些配制剂可以经稀释或不经稀释而施用于种子上。对种子的施用在播种之前进行,直接施用于种子上或在种子已经预萌发之后施用。
在优选实施方案中,将FS配制剂用于种子处理。FS配制剂通常可包含1-800g/l活性成分,1-200g/l表面活性剂,0-200g/l防冻剂,0-400g/l粘合剂,0-200g/l颜料和达到1升的溶剂,优选水。
用于种子处理的式I化合物的尤其优选FS配制剂通常包含0.1-80重量%(1-800g/l)活性成分,0.1-20重量%(1-200g/l)至少一种表面活性剂,例如0.05-5重量%润湿剂和0.5-15重量%分散剂,至多20重量%,例如5-20%防冻剂,0-15重量%,例如1-15重量%颜料和/或染料,0-40重量%,例如1-40重量%粘合剂(粘结剂/粘附剂),任选至多5重量%,例如0.1-5重量%增稠剂,任选0.1-2%消泡剂和任选防腐剂如生物杀伤剂、抗氧化剂等,例如其量为0.01-1重量%,以及达到100重量%的填料/载体。
种子处理配制剂还可额外包含粘合剂和任选包含着色剂。
可以加入粘合剂以改进处理之后活性物质在种子上的粘附。合适的粘合剂是氧化烯如氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯的均聚物和共聚物,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物,聚乙烯胺,聚乙烯酰胺和聚乙烯亚胺,多糖如纤维素、纤基乙酸钠和淀粉,聚烯烃均聚物和共聚物如烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物,聚氨酯,聚酯,聚苯乙烯均聚物和共聚物。
任选还可以在配制剂中包括着色剂。对种子处理配制剂合适的着色剂或染料是若丹明B、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.溶剂红1、颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱性紫10、碱性紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。
胶凝剂的实例是角叉菜
在种子处理中,化合物I的施用率通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,更优选1-1000g/100kg种子,尤其是1-200g/100kg种子。
因此,本发明还涉及包含如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或I的可农用盐的种子。化合物I或其可农用盐的量通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,尤其是1-1000g/100kg种子。对于特殊作物如莴苣,施用率可能更高。
动物健康
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐尤其还适合用于在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫。
因此,本发明的目的还要提供在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的新方法。本发明的另一目的是提供对动物更安全的杀害虫剂。本发明的另一目的进一步在于提供可以与现有杀害虫剂相比以更低剂量使用的动物用杀害虫剂。本发明的另一目的是提供对寄生虫提供长的残留防治的动物用杀害虫剂。
本发明还涉及用于在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的含有杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和可接受的载体的组合物。
本发明还提供了一种处理、防治、预防和保护动物以免受寄生虫侵染和感染的方法,包括对动物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐或包含它的组合物。
本发明还提供了一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以防寄生虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,该组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐或包含它的组合物。
化合物对抗农业害虫的活性并不意味着它们适合在动物中和动物上防治体内和体外寄生虫,后者要求例如在口服施用情况下的非催吐低剂量,与动物的代谢相容性,低毒性和安全处理。
惊人的是,现已发现式I化合物适合在动物中和动物上防治体内和体外寄生虫。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物优选用于在包括温血动物(包括人)在内的动物和鱼中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。它们例如适于在哺乳动物如牛、绵羊、猪、骆驼、鹿、马、小猪、家禽、兔、山羊、狗和猫,水牛、驴、黇鹿和驯鹿,以及还有产皮动物如貂、丝鼠和浣熊,禽类如母鸡、鹅、火鸡和鸭以及鱼类如淡水鱼和咸水鱼如鲑鱼、鲤鱼和鳗鱼中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物优选用于在家养动物如狗或猫中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。
在温血动物和鱼类中的侵袭包括但不限于虱、咬虱、蜱、羊鼻蝇蛆、羊蜱蝇、螯蝇、家蝇、蝇、myiasitic蝇幼虫、恙螨、蚋、蚊和蚤。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物适于内吸和/或非内吸防治体外和/或体内寄生虫。它们对所有或部分发育阶段有效。
式I化合物尤其可以用于防治体外寄生虫。
式I化合物尤其可以用于分别防治下列目和属的寄生虫:
蚤(蚤目),例如猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),
蟑螂(蜚蠊目-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattellaasahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplaneta fuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplanetaaustralasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis),
蝇、蚊(双翅目),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anophelesmaculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anophelesgambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysopsatlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobiaanthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culexnigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culisetainornata、Culiseta melanura、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fanniacanicularis)、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Luciliacuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、沼蚊属(Mansonia)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophora columbiae、Psorophora discolor、Prosimuliummixtum、赤尾肉蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simuliumvittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)和Tabanus similis;
虱(毛虱目),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculushumanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopongallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus,
壁虱和寄生螨(寄螨目(Parasitiformes)):壁虱(蜱亚目(Ixodida)),例如黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodespacificus)、棕色犬壁虱(Rhiphicephalus sanguineus)、安氏革螨(Dermacentorandersoni)、美洲大革螨(Dermacentor variabilis)、长星形壁虱(Amblyommaamericanum)、Ambryomma maculatum、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorus turicata以及寄生螨(甲螨亚目(Mesostigmata)),例如柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)和鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae);辐螨亚目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨亚目(Acaridida)(无气门目(Astigmata)),例如Acarapis spp.、Cheyletiella spp.、Ornithocheyletia spp.、鼠螨属(Myobia)、Psorergates spp.、蠕形螨属(Demodex)、恙螨属(Trombicula)、Listrophorus spp.、粉螨属(Acarus)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus)、Hypodectes spp.、Pterolichus spp.、痒螨属(Psoroptes)、疥螨属(Chorioptes)、耳痒螨属(Otodectes)、Sarcoptes spp.、背肛螨属(Notoedres)、膝螨属(Knemidocoptes)、Cytodites spp.和Laminosioptes spp.;
臭虫(Heteropterida):温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimexhemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、锥蝽属(Triatoma)、锥蝽属(Rhodnius)、Panstrongylusssp.和Arilus critatus,
虱目(Anoplurida),例如Haematopinus spp.、Linognathus spp.、Pediculusspp.、Phtirus spp.和Solenopotes spp.;
食毛目(Mallophagida)(Arnblycerina和Ischnocerina亚目),例如Trimenoponspp.、Menopon spp.、Trinoton spp.、Bovicola spp.、Werneckiella spp.、Lepikentronspp.、Trichodectes spp.和Felicola spp.;蛔虫(线虫纲(Nematoda)):
金针虫和Trichinosis(毛管目(Trichosyringida)),例如毛形科(Trichinellidae)(毛形属(Trichinella))、毛首科(Trichuridae)、Trichuris spp.、毛细线虫属(Capillaria);
杆形目(Rhabditida),例如小杆线虫属(Rhabditis)、Strongyloides spp.、Helicephalobus spp.;
圆线虫目(Strongylida),例如Strongylus spp.、Ancylostoma spp.、美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)、Bunostomum spp.(钩虫)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、Ostertagia spp.、Cooperia spp.、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus)、Dictyocaulus spp.、Cyathostoma spp.、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum)、猪肾虫(Stephanurus dentatus)、Ollulanus spp.、夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia)、猪肾虫、气管比翼线虫(Syngamus trachea)、Ancylostoma spp.、钩虫属(Uncinaria)、球首线虫属(Globocephalus)、Necator spp.、后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus)、毛样缪勒线虫(Muellerius capillaris)、Protostrongylus spp.、管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus)、Parelaphostrongylus spp.、Aleurostrongylus abstrusus和肾膨结线虫(Dioctophymarenale);
肠线虫(蛔目(Ascaridida)),例如似蚓蛔线虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)、猪蛔虫(Ascaris suum)、鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia galli)、马副蛔虫(Parascaris equorum)、蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)(蛲虫)、犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)、犬蛔虫(Toxascarisleonine)、Skrjabinema spp.和马尖尾线虫(Oxyuris equi);
Camallanida,例如Dracunculus medinensis(麦地那龙线虫);
旋尾目(Spirurida),例如Thelazia spp.、丝虫属(Wuchereria)、Brugia spp.、Onchocerca spp.、Dirofilari spp.、Dipetalonema spp.、Setaria spp.、Elaeophoraspp.、狼尾旋线虫(Spirocerca lupi)和丽线虫属(Habronema);
棘头虫(棘头动物门(Acanthocephala)),例如Acanthocephalus spp.、猪巨吻棘头虫(Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)和棘头虫属(Oncicola);
扁虫类(Planarians)(扁形动物门(Plathelminthes)):
肝吸虫(Flukes)(吸虫纲(Trematoda)),例如肝片形吸虫属(Faciola)、Fascioloides magna、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium)、布氏姜片吸虫(Fasciolopsis buski)、华枝睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)、血吸虫属(Schistosoma)、毛毕吸虫属(Trichobilharzia)、有翼翼形吸虫(Alaria alata)、并殖吸虫属和Nanocyetes spp;
Cercomeromorpha,尤其是Cestoda(绦虫),例如裂头绦虫属(Diphyllobothrium)、Tenia spp.、棘球绦虫属(Echinococcus)、犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)、Multicepsspp.、膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis)、中殖孔绦虫属(Mesocestoides)、Vampirolepis spp.、Moniezia spp.、Anoplocephala spp.、Sirometra spp.、Anoplocephala spp.和Hymenolepis spp.。
式I化合物和含有它们的组合物尤其可用于防治双翅目、蚤目和蜱亚目的害虫。
此外,尤其优选式I化合物和含有它们的组合物在在防治蚊中的用途。
式I化合物和含有它们的组合物在防治蝇中的用途是本发明的另一优选实施方案。
此外,尤其优选式I化合物和含有它们的组合物在防治蚤中的用途。
式I化合物和含有它们的组合物在防治壁虱中的用途是本发明的另一优选实施方案。
式I化合物还尤其可以用于防治体内寄生虫(蛔虫、棘头虫和扁虫类)。
给药可以预防和治疗方式进行。
活性化合物的给药直接或以合适的制剂形式口服、局部/经皮或肠胃外进行。
为了对温血动物口服给药,可以将式I化合物配制成动物饲料、动物饲料预混物、动物饲料浓缩物、丸剂、溶液、糊、悬浮液、浸液、凝胶、片剂、大丸剂和胶囊。此外,式I化合物可以在其饮用水中给药于动物。对于口服给药,所选择的剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天,优选0.5-100mg/kg动物体重/天的式I化合物。
或者,式I化合物可以肠胃外给药于动物,例如通过腔内、肌内、静脉内或皮下注射。式I化合物可以分散或溶于对于皮下注射而言生理上可接受的载体中。或者,式I化合物可配制成皮下给药用植入物。此外,式I化合物可以透皮给药于动物。对于肠胃外给药,所选剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的式I化合物。
式I化合物还可以浸液、粉剂、粉末、套环、挂牌(medallions)、喷雾剂、香波、滴施(spot-on)和喷淋(pour-on)配制剂形式以及以软膏或水包油或油包水乳液局部给药于动物。对于局部施用,浸液和喷雾剂通常含有0.5-5,000ppm,优选1-3,000ppm式I化合物。此外,式I化合物可以配制成动物,特别是四足动物如牛和绵羊用耳贴。
合适的制剂是:
-溶液,如口服溶液、稀释后口服给药用浓缩物、用于皮肤上或用于体腔内的溶液、喷淋配制剂、凝胶;
-口服或皮肤给药乳液和悬浮液;半固体制剂;
-其中将活性化合物在软膏基质中或在水包油或油包水乳液基质中加工的配制剂;
-固体制剂如粉末、预混物或浓缩物、颗粒、丸剂、片剂、大丸剂、胶囊;气雾剂和吸入剂,以及含有活性化合物的成型制品。
适合注射的组合物通过将活性成分溶于合适的溶剂中并任选加入其他成分如酸、碱、缓冲盐、防腐剂和加溶剂而制备。过滤这些溶液并无菌填充。
合适的溶剂是生理上耐受的溶剂如水,链烷醇如乙醇、丁醇、苄醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮及其混合物。
活性化合物可以任选溶于生理上耐受的且适合注射的植物或合成油中。
合适的加溶剂是促进活性化合物在主溶剂中溶解或防止其沉淀的溶剂。实例是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙基化蓖麻油和聚氧乙基化脱水山梨糖醇酯。
合适的防腐剂是苄醇、三氯丁醇、对羟基苯甲酸酯和正丁醇。
口服溶液直接给药。浓缩物在预先稀释至使用浓度之后口服给药。口服溶液和浓缩物根据上面对注射液所述的现有技术制备,并不必需无菌程序。
用于皮肤上的溶液滴施、涂施、擦施、洒施或喷施。
用于皮肤上的溶液根据现有技术以及上面对注射液所述制备,并不必需无菌程序。
其他合适的溶剂是聚丙二醇,苯基乙醇,苯氧基乙醇,酯如乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯、苯甲酸苄基酯,醚如亚烷基二醇烷基醚,例如二丙二醇单甲醚,酮如丙酮、甲基乙基酮,芳族烃类,植物和合成油,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基乙酰胺,乙二醇单乙基醚(transcutol),丙酮缩甘油(solketal),碳酸亚丙基酯,以及它们的混合物。
可能有利的是在制备过程中加入增稠剂。合适的增稠剂是无机增稠剂如膨润土、胶态硅酸、单硬脂酸铝,有机增稠剂如纤维素衍生物、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
将凝胶施加或涂敷在皮肤上或引入体腔中。凝胶通过用足以得到具有软膏状稠度的透明材料的增稠剂处理如在注射液情况下所述制备的溶液而制备。所用增稠剂是上面所给增稠剂。
将喷淋配制剂倒在或喷雾在限定的皮肤区域,活性化合物渗透进皮肤并内吸起作用。
喷淋配制剂通过将活性化合物在合适的皮肤相容性溶剂或溶剂混合物中溶解、悬浮或乳化而制备。合适的话加入其他助剂如着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘合剂。
合适的溶剂是水,链烷醇,二醇,聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,甘油,芳族醇如苄醇,苯基乙醇,苯氧基乙醇,酯如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丁酯,苯甲酸苄基酯,醚如亚烷基二醇烷基醚如二丙二醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单丁基醚,酮如丙酮、甲基乙基酮,环状碳酸酯如碳酸亚丙基酯、碳酸亚乙基酯,芳族和/或脂族烃类,植物或合成油,DMF,二甲基乙酰胺,N烷基吡咯烷酮如甲基吡咯烷酮、N丁基吡咯烷酮或N辛基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、2,2-二甲基-4-氧基亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环和甘油缩甲醛。
合适的着色剂是所有允许用在动物上且可以溶解或悬浮的着色剂。
合适的吸收促进物质例如为DMSO,涂施油如肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、二丙二醇壬酸酯、硅油及其与聚醚的共聚物,脂肪酸酯,甘油三酯,脂肪醇。
合适的抗氧化剂是亚硫酸盐或偏亚硫酸氢盐如偏亚硫酸氢钾、抗坏血酸、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、生育酚。
合适的光稳定剂例如为2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸(novantisolic acid)。
合适的粘合剂例如为纤维素衍生物、淀粉衍生物、聚丙烯酸酯、天然聚合物如藻酸盐、明胶。
乳液可以口服、经皮给药或作为注射液给药。
乳液呈油包水型或水包油型。
它们通过将活性化合物溶于疏水性或亲水性相中并借助合适的乳化剂以及合适的话其他助剂如着色剂、吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘度提高物质用另一相的溶剂均化而制备。
合适的疏水相(油)是:液体石蜡,硅油,天然植物油如芝麻油、杏仁油、蓖麻油,合成甘油三酯如甘油二辛酸/癸酸酯,含链长为C8-C12的植物脂肪酸或其他具体选定的天然脂肪酸的甘油三酯混合物,可能的话还含有羟基的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,C8-C10脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯,脂肪酸酯如硬脂酸乙基酯、己二酸二正丁基酯、月桂酸己基酯、二丙二醇壬酸酯、中等链长的支化脂肪酸与链长为C16-C18的饱和脂肪醇的酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、棕榈酸异丙基酯、链长为C12-C18的饱和脂肪醇的辛酸/癸酸酯、硬脂酸异丙基酯、油酸油基酯、油酸癸基酯、油酸乙基酯、乳酸乙基酯、蜡状脂肪酸如合成鸭尾脂腺脂肪、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二异丙基酯以及与后者相关的酯混合物,脂肪醇如异十三烷醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、十六烷基十八烷基醇、油醇,以及脂肪酸如油酸及其混合物。
合适的亲水相是水,醇如丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇及其混合物。
合适的乳化剂是:
-非离子表面活性剂,例如聚乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙基硬脂酸酯、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚;
-两性表面活性剂,例如N-月桂基对亚氨基二丙酸二钠或卵磷脂;
-阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、聚乙二醇单/二烷基醚正磷酸酯单乙醇胺盐;
-阳离子表面活性剂,如十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
合适的其他助剂是提高粘度并稳定乳液的物质,如羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素和其他纤维素以及淀粉衍生物,聚丙烯酸酯,藻酸盐,明胶,阿拉伯树胶,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯醇,甲基乙烯基醚和马来酸酐的共聚物,聚乙二醇,蜡,胶态硅酸或所述物质的混合物。
悬浮液可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们通过将活性化合物悬浮于悬浮剂中而制备,合适的话加入其他助剂如润湿剂、着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂。
液态悬浮剂是所有均相溶剂和溶剂混合物。
合适的润湿剂(分散剂)是上面所给的乳化剂。
可以提到的其他助剂是上述那些。
半固体制剂可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们与上述悬浮液和乳液的不同仅在于它们具有更高粘度。
为了生产固体制剂,将活性化合物与合适的赋形剂混合,合适的话加入助剂,并且制成所需剂型。
合适的赋形剂是所有生理上耐受的固体惰性物质。所用那些是无机和有机物质。无机物质例如为氯化钠,碳酸盐如碳酸钙,碳酸氢盐,铝氧化物,二氧化钛,硅酸,泥质土,沉淀或胶态二氧化硅或磷酸盐。有机物质例如为糖类、纤维素、食品和饲料如奶粉、动物粉、谷粉和屑、淀粉。
合适的助剂是上面所述的防腐剂、抗氧化剂和/或着色剂。
其他合适的助剂是润滑剂和助滑剂如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、滑石、膨润土、崩解促进物质如淀粉或交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、粘合剂如淀粉、明胶或线性聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮以及干粘合剂如微晶纤维素。
通常而言,“杀寄生虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种化合物/组合物,杀寄生虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀寄生虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀寄生虫效果及持续时间、目标物种、施用方式等而变化。
可以用于本发明的组合物通常可以包含约0.001-95%式I化合物。
通常有利的是以0.5-100mg/kg/天,优选1-50mg/kg/天的总量施用式I化合物。
即用制剂以10重量ppm-80重量%,优选0.1-65重量%,更优选1-50重量%,最优选5-40重量%的浓度含有对寄生虫,优选体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
在使用前稀释的制剂以0.5-90重量%,优选1-50重量%的浓度含有对体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
此外,制剂以10重量ppm-2重量%,优选0.05-0.9重量%,非常特别优选0.005-0.25重量%的浓度包含对抗体内寄生虫的式I化合物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,经皮/局部施用包含式I化合物的组合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,局部施用以含有化合物的成型制品如套环、挂牌、耳贴、在身体部分上固定用的绑带以及粘合条和箔的形式进行。
通常有利的是施用在三周内以10-300mg/kg,优选20-200mg/kg,最优选25-160mg/kg被处理动物体重的总量释放式I化合物的固体配制剂。
为了制备成型制品,使用热塑性和柔性塑料以及弹性体和热塑性弹性体。合适的塑料和弹性体是与式I化合物充分相容的聚乙烯基树脂、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、纤维素、纤维素衍生物、聚酰胺和聚酯。塑料和弹性体的详细列表以及成型制品的制备程序例如在WO 03/086075中给出。
实施例
本发明现由下列实施例进一步详细说明,但不对其施加任何限制。
S.合成实施例
合成实施例S.1:
(3E)-3-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亚基]-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-酮
向按照文献程序(Heterocycles 1998,48,2103.2109)合成的1,1,1-三氟-3-(2-吡啶基)丙-2-酮(0.5g,2.64mmol)在CH3CN(20mL)中的溶液中加入2-氯-5-(氯甲基)吡啶(0.64g,3.96mmol)和K2CO3(0.55g,3.97mmol)。将该混合物在回流下加热16小时。在含水处理(H2O/EtOAc或H2O/CH2Cl2)之后减压蒸发溶剂并通过制备型HPLC提纯粗产物,得到化合物实施例E-1。LC-MS[M+H]+:315.1;tR=0.97min*
C.化合物实施例
本发明的化合物实施例E-1也示于上述合成实施例中。
本发明式I化合物的实施例给于下表E.1中。
化合物实施例例如可以通过偶联的高效液相色谱法/质谱法(HPLC/MS)表征。
HPLC分析柱:来自德国Merck KgaA的RP-18柱Chromolith Speed ROD。洗脱:乙腈+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA)/水+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA),在40℃下在5分钟内比例为5:95-95:5。
*)UPLC分析柱:Phenomenex Kinetex 1.7μm XB-C18 100A;50×2.1mm;移动相:A:水+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);B:乙腈+0.1%TFA;梯度:在1.50分钟内5-100%B;100%B0.20min;流速:在60℃下在1.50分钟内0.8-1.0mL/min。
MS方法:ESI正性。
表E.1根据式I-E的化合物实施例:
a)#表示与该分子其余部分的连接点;
b)r.t.=HPLC保留时间;[M+H]+,[M+Na]+或[M+K]+峰的m/z。
*)UPLC分析柱(见上文)
B.生物学实施例
本发明式I化合物的生物学活性可以在下面所述生物学试验中评价。通用条件:若无相反描述,大部分试验溶液按如下制备:将活性化合物以所需浓度溶于1:1(体积比)蒸馏水:丙酮混合物中。此外,在使用当天制备试验溶液(若无相反描述,通常以重量/体积浓度)。
B.1绿桃蚜(Myzus persicae)
为了通过内吸方式评价对绿桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的防治,测试单元由在人造膜下含有液体人工膳食的96孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物吸移于蚜虫膳食上,重复两次。
在施用之后,将5-8只成虫蚜虫置于微滴定板孔内的人工膜上。然后使蚜虫在被处理蚜虫膳食上吮吸并在约23±1℃和约50±5%相对湿度下温育3天。然后肉眼评价蚜虫死亡率和繁殖力。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1、E-3、E-4和E-5在2500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.2豇豆蚜(豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)
将活性化合物以所需浓度溶于1:1(体积比)的蒸馏水:丙酮混合物中。以0.1体积%的比例加入表面活性剂(EL 620)。在使用当天制备试验溶液。
通过在施用前24小时手动转移来自侵染植株的叶组织切片而使盆栽豇豆植株上定居大约50-100只各龄蚜虫。在记录害虫种群之后喷雾植株。将被处理植株在轻质纸片上维持在约28℃下。72小时后评价死亡百分数。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1、E-3和E-5在500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.3巢菜修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)
为了通过接触或内吸方式评价对巢菜修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)的防治,测试单元由含有宽菜豆叶片的24孔微滴定板构成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以2.5μl喷雾于叶片上,重复两次。
在施用之后,将叶片风干并将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的叶片上。然后使蚜虫在被处理叶片上吸食并在23±1℃和约50±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价蚜虫死亡率和繁殖力。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1、E-3和E-5在2500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.4兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti)
用于生物分析的兰花蓟马成虫得自持续维持在实验室条件下的种群。为了试验目的,将试验化合物在加有0.01体积%EL 620表面活性剂的丙酮:水的1:1混合物(体积比)中稀释。
各化合物的蓟马防治效力通过使用花浸技术评价。将塑料陪替氏皿用作试验场所。将各完整兰花的所有花瓣浸入处理溶液中并干燥。被处理的花与约20只蓟马成虫一起放入各陪替氏皿中。然后用盖子覆盖陪替氏皿。所有试验场所在分析持续期间维持在连续光照和约28℃的温度下。3天后计数各花上和沿着各陪替氏皿内壁的活蓟马数。处理72小时后记录死亡百分数。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1和E-4在500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.5黑尾叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens))
在喷雾前24小时将稻秧苗清洁并洗涤。将活性化合物在50:50丙酮:水(体积比)中配制并加入0.1体积%表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml试验溶液喷雾,风干,置于笼中并用10只成虫接种。将被处理稻植株保持在约28-29℃和约50-60%的相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡百分数。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1和E-5在500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.6稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)
在喷雾前24小时将稻秧苗清洁并洗涤。将活性化合物在50:50丙酮:水(体积比)中配制并加入0.1体积%表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml试验溶液喷雾,风干,置于笼中并用10只成虫接种。将被处理稻植株保持在约28-29℃和约50-60%的相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡百分数。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1和E-5在500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
B.7地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)
为了评价对地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)的防治,测试单元由含有昆虫膳食和50-80只地中海实蝇虫卵的微滴定板构成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以5μl喷雾于昆虫膳食上,重复两次。
在施用之后,将微滴定板在28±1℃和约80±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价卵和幼虫死亡率。
在该试验中,与未处理对照相比,化合物E-1和E-5在2500ppm下显示出至少75%的死亡率。
可以用来评价本发明式I化合物的生物学活性的其他生物学分析如下所述。
B.8棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)
在玻璃小瓶中在50%丙酮:50%水(体积比)中制备并配制活性化合物。
将棉籽放入玻璃小瓶中并与配制的化合物混合。溶剂空白对照籽用50%丙酮:50%水(体积比)处理。然后将被处理的籽风干。将棉籽播种在盆中的Metro盆栽混合物中,每盆2粒籽,并维持在温室中。
将秧苗植株打薄到每盆一株。在子叶阶段通过手工将在一片由被蚜虫侵染的供体植株切下的叶组织上的大约25只蚜虫转移到各植株上而将6棵植株用棉蚜侵染。将侵染的植株维持在轻质纸片上。侵染4天后计数各植株上的活蚜虫。
B.9银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)
在环己酮中将活性化合物配制成在管中供应的10,000ppm溶液。将各管插入装备有雾化喷嘴的自动静电喷雾器中并作为储备溶液使用,在50%丙酮:50%水(体积)中由该储备溶液产生更低稀释度。非离子表面活性剂以0.01%(体积)的量包括在该溶液中。
通过装备有雾化喷嘴的自动静电植株喷雾器喷雾子叶阶段的棉花植株(每盆一株)。在喷雾器通风橱中干燥各植株,然后从喷雾器中取出。将各盆置于塑料杯中并引入约10-12只粉虱成虫(约3-5天龄)。使用抽吸装置和连接于防护移液管头的无毒管收集昆虫。然后将含有收集的昆虫的该管头轻轻地插入含有处理植株的土壤中,使昆虫爬出该管头而到达叶面上取食。将杯子用可反复使用的筛盖覆盖。将试验植株在生长室中于约25℃和约20-40%相对湿度下保持3天,避免直接暴露于荧光(24小时光照期)以防止在杯内截热。在处理3天后评价与未处理对照植株相比较的死亡率。
B.10墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)
为了评价对墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)的防治,测试单元由含有昆虫膳食和5-10只墨西哥棉铃象卵的96孔微滴定板构成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以5μl喷雾于昆虫膳食上,重复两次。
在施用之后,将微滴定板在约25±1℃和约75±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价卵和幼虫死亡率。
Claims (12)
1.防治和/或防除动物害虫的式(I)的N-取代的吡啶亚基羰基化合物和/或其可农用或可兽用盐:
其中
X选自O或S;
R1、R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素或C1-C6烷基,其中所述C1-C6烷基可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合;
R3选自氢或C1-C6烷基,其中所述C1-C6烷基可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合;
苯基,任选被一个或多个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,
包含1或2个选自氮的杂原子的6员不饱和芳族杂环;
R4选自氢、卤素或C1-C6烷基,其中所述C1-C6烷基可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合;
R6独立地选自氢、卤素或C1-C10烷基,并且C1-C10烷基的碳原子可以任选相互独立地被一个或多个R7进一步取代,
R7各自相互独立地选自卤素;
R10各自相互独立地选自氢或C1-C6烷基;
Het选自下式Het-1的基团:
其中#表示式(I)中的键,并且其中k为0、1或2;
以及R6a各自相互独立地选自氢或卤素。
2.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中Het选自式Het-1a的基团:
Het-1a
其中#表示式(I)中的键以及其中
R6a选自氢或卤素。
3.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)化合物,其中R4选自氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,其中C1-C4烷基可以带有一个或多个基团R7的任意组合。
4.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中
R1、R2相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基;
R4选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基,其中C1-C4烷基未被取代、部分或完全被卤代;以及
R6选自氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,其中C1-C4烷基的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代。
5.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)化合物,其中
R1、R2均为氢;
R3选自氢或C1-C6卤代烷基,
苯基,任选被1、2或3个相互独立地选择的取代基R10取代,
R4选自氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,其中C1-C4烷基未被取代、部分或完全被卤代;以及
R6选自氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,其中C1-C4烷基的碳原子可以部分或完全被卤代。
6.一种用于防治动物害虫的农业或兽用组合物,包含至少一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物和至少一种惰性液体和/或固体可接受载体以及任选需要的话至少一种表面活性剂。
7.一种非治疗目的的防治或防除昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫类无脊椎动物害虫的方法,该方法包括使所述害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与灭害有效量的至少一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物接触。
8.一种保护生长植物以防昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫类无脊椎动物害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,该方法包括使植物或者其中植物生长的土壤或水体与灭害有效量的至少一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物接触。
9.一种保护植物繁殖材料以防土壤昆虫以及保护秧苗的根和芽以防土壤和叶面昆虫的方法,包括在播种之前和/或在预萌发之后使植物繁殖材料与至少一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物接触。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述植物繁殖材料为种子。
11.一种非治疗目的的处理被寄生虫侵染或感染的动物或防止动物被寄生虫侵染或感染或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的方法,包括对所述动物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用杀寄生虫有效量的如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物。
12.如权利要求1-5中任一项所定义的化合物在制备用于处理被寄生虫侵染或感染的动物、防止动物被寄生虫侵染或感染或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的兽用组合物中的用途。
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- 2013-03-27 CN CN201380018646.6A patent/CN104202981B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-27 MX MX2014011829A patent/MX2014011829A/es unknown
- 2013-03-27 WO PCT/EP2013/056540 patent/WO2013144213A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
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CN104202981A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
US20150057280A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
US9334238B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
WO2013144213A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
ES2626360T3 (es) | 2017-07-24 |
EP2830421A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2830421B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
MX2014011829A (es) | 2015-03-19 |
JP2015512907A (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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