CN101966338A - 用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法 - Google Patents
用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法。胞外RTK拮抗物是一种通过与受体的胞外结合区域相互作用来抑制受体酪氨酸激酶激活的生物分子或小分子。胞内RTK拮抗物是一种通过与具有激酶结构域的受体胞内区域相互作用或者通过与参与受体酪氨酸激酶信号传递途径的胞内蛋白质相互作用来抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的酪氨酸激酶活性的生物分子或小分子。本发明也提供了通过给予胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物的组合来治疗酪氨酸激酶-依赖性疾病的方法,以及用于这种方法的组合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年6月9日的中国专利申请200480022754.1“用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)的方法。特别地,本发明涉及通过给予胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物来治疗哺乳动物中的酪氨酸激酶-依赖性疾病和状况的方法。
背景技术
RTKs是跨膜蛋白质,其涉及几种细胞过程的控制和调节,例如细胞增殖和分化、促进细胞的存活、以及细胞代谢的调节。RTKs的配体是可溶的或膜结合的肽或蛋白质激素。通常,配体结合到RTK上刺激受体的酪氨酸激酶活性,随后刺激生化和物理变化的信号转导级联,最后导致DNA合成和细胞分裂。这种受体的例子包括表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、胰岛素受体、血小板衍生的生长因子受体(PDGFR)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)、肝细胞生长因子受体(HGFR)以及神经生长因子受体(NGFR)。
通常,RTKs具有胞外区域、跨膜的疏水结构域和具有激酶结构域的胞内区域。当配体结合到这种RTK细胞表面的胞外结合区域时,在受体中就产生了构象变化,暴露胞内酪氨酸激酶结构域的磷酸化位点。受体中的构象变化也能够在与相关的RTK进行同或者异二聚化后产生。这些结构域的磷酸化刺激酪氨酸激酶活性,起始一个信号转导途径,又导致基因激活和细胞周期的进展并最终导致细胞增殖和分化。
另外,配体的结合引起许多RTKs二聚化,然后每个受体单体的蛋白激酶在二聚体配偶体的胞内区域中磷酸化一系列独特的酪氨酸残基,这是一种称为自身磷酸化的过程。自身磷酸化通常分两个阶段发生。首先,催化位点附近的在磷酸化边缘的酪氨酸残基被磷酸化。这将导致推动ATP或蛋白质底物结合到受体上的构象变化。
然后磷酸化受体作为其它参与RTK-介导的信号转导的蛋白质的锚定位点。这些蛋白质包括连接物蛋白质GRB2,它结合到活化的RTK上的一个特定磷酸酪氨酸上并结合到另外一个胞内蛋白质Sos上,又与无活性的Ras-GDP复合物相互作用(Ras是一种GTP-结合的开关蛋白质,在与结合GTP的活性“开”状态和与结合GDP的无活性“关”状态之间交替)。然后Sos的鸟嘌呤核苷酸-交换因子(GEF)活性促进活性Ras-GTP复合物的形成。然后Ras诱导激酶级联反应,最终激活MAP激酶。特别地,活化的Ras结合到一种丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶Raf的N末端结构域上。Raf又结合并磷酸化一种双特异性的蛋白激酶MEK,它能将酪氨酸和丝氨酸残基都磷酸化并且激活另外一种丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶MAP激酶。MAP激酶磷酸化许多不同的介导细胞反应的蛋白质,包括核转录因子。
与RTKs相关的信号传递途径的异常被认为导致了许多病理结果,包括癌症、心血管病、炎性疾病和其它增殖性疾病。例如,一些RTKs在人癌症研究中被确定为与生长因子受体突变形式有关,它们甚至在没有生长因子时向细胞发送增殖信号。一种在neu基因座被编码的这样的突变受体被认为导致了某些人乳腺癌的不受控制的增殖。RTKs的特定成员也与各种人类癌症相关。
参与肿瘤形成的一种RTK是EGF受体家族,它包括EGF受体(EGFR,也称为erbB-1/HER1)、HER2(也叫做c-neu/erbB-2)、erbB-3/HER3以及erbB-4/HER4。例如,EGFR和HER2被认为在调节肿瘤细胞的生长和存活的过程中起了关键作用。特别地,EGFR涉及影响存活、防止凋亡、去分化、转移(包括细胞迁移和侵入)的几种途径,EGFR也与血管发生、实体肿瘤通过形成新血管来产生它们自己的血管系统的能力有关。
据报导,许多人肿瘤表达或过量表达一种或多种EGF受体家族成员。特别地,EGFR的存在似乎与不良预后、增长的肿瘤扩散危险以及某些类型肿瘤更短的整体存活率有关。据认为对晚期疾病的标准化疗和放疗的不良的整体反应可能是因为EGFR在没有被这种标准方法所杀死的肿瘤细胞内修复损伤的能力。另外,研究表明HER2阳性的转移性乳腺癌是一种生长特别迅速的疾病,结果导致与HER2阴性的乳腺癌相比更大可能性的复发、更差的预后以及大约一半的生命预期。在25-30%的原发性乳腺癌中观察到了HER2蛋白质的过量表达。
VEGFR家族成员也与肿瘤形成有关。例如,这些受体被认为在肿瘤形成、血管发生和肿瘤生长中起作用。VEGFRs在例如胚胎发生和肿瘤形成的过程中在内皮细胞上选择性表达,已经开发了阻断内皮细胞上表达的VEGF受体的信号传递来减少肿瘤生长的VEGFR拮抗物。VEGF受体也在一些非内皮细胞中发现,如产生VEGF的肿瘤细胞,其中产生了一种不依赖内皮的自分泌环来支持肿瘤生长。
因此,通过开发合适的RTKs的抑制剂、调节剂或调节物,可以调节RTKs的信号传递途径来治疗或预防这些病理结果。因为EGFR和VEGFR参与肿瘤形成,这些RTKs被特异性靶向用于抗癌药物治疗。这种治疗主要包括一种阻止配体结合到受体胞外结构域上的单克隆抗体,或是一种可直接作用于RTK的胞内区域来防止信号转导的合成酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
在当前的临床试验中有各种各样的单克隆抗体抑制剂。一个这样的例子是cetuximab,它是一种嵌合的(人/小鼠)单克隆抗体,能阻止配体结合到EGFR上,防止受体激活以及抑制培养中细胞的生长。另外一个例子是ABX-EGF,它是一种据报导能阻止EGF和TFG-α结合的EGFR特异性的全人单克隆抗体。(司徒曼布(trastuzumab))是一种被批准用于HER2阳性的转移性乳腺癌治疗的人源化抗体,其设计为靶向并阻止HER2蛋白质的过量表达功能。
另外,当前的临床试验是在各种小分子抑制剂上进行的。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一个例子就是IressaTM,它是一种据报道能抑制EGFR酪氨酸激酶活性的小分子表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,它对于一定范围的表达功能性EGFR的人癌细胞来说是细胞抑制剂,能抑制肿瘤细胞通过p27上调的增殖。
尽管当前已经发现靶向RTKs的小分子疗法来抑制可受影响的肿瘤,但只要持续用药,有时它们有很严重的副作用。据报道,一旦停止给予小分子,肿瘤会重新生长,甚至比在治疗之前的生长速度更快。此外,持续使用小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂显示出会导致其它的副作用,诸如皮疹、腹泻、粘膜炎以及中性粒细胞减少症。
发明内容
本发明提供通过使用胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物来抑制受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)的方法。特别地,本发明提供一种通过给予胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物来治疗哺乳动物的诸如肿瘤生长的酪氨酸激酶-依赖性疾病或状况的方法。与单独给予胞外RTK拮抗物或单独给予胞内RTK拮抗物相比,这种治疗方法导致了肿瘤生长抑制的增强的或协同的效应。本发明也提供包含胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物的药物组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种用胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物来抑制RTKs的方法。RTK是一种跨膜的、具有胞外区域、跨膜疏水结构域和具有激酶结构域的胞内区域的细胞表面受体。胞外区域的激活可以通过配体结合或者与另一个RTK的同或异二聚化而发生,随后胞内激酶结构域被激活。当胞内结构域被激活以及酪氨酸激酶活性被刺激后,就起始了一个RTK信号转导途径,从而激活各种基因、起始细胞周期的进行、最终起始细胞增殖和分化。
RTK优选是EGFR家族成员,诸如EGFR或erbB-1、erbB-2、erbB-3或erbB-4。RTK更优选是EGFR,它是一种结合于例如EGF、TNF-α、双调蛋白、结合肝素的EGF(HB-EGF)、β动物纤维素、epiregulin以及NRG2-α的170kDa的跨膜糖蛋白。RTK也优选HER2,一种编码185kDa跨膜受体蛋白质的原癌基因。RTK也可以是VEGF受体(VEGFR)家族的成员,其包括VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3、神经毡蛋白-1和神经毡蛋白-2。结合于VEGFR-1和VEGFR-2的配体包括VEGF(VEGF121,VEGFR145,VEGF165,VEGFR189和VEGF206)的同种型。
可结合于根据本发明的拮抗物的其它RTKs的非限制例子包括PDGF受体(PDGFR)家族成员,诸如PDGFR-α(其结合于PDGF-AA,PDGF-BB和PDGF-AB)和PDGFR-β(其结合于PDGF-BB);FGF受体(FGFR)家族成员,诸如FGRF-1和FGFR-2;HGF受体(HGFR)家族成员;NGR受体(NGFR)家族成员,诸如CD27和CD40;以及胰岛素受体家族成员,诸如胰岛素受体(IR),1型胰岛素样生长因子I受体(IGF-IR)以及胰岛素受体相关受体(IRR)。
根据本发明的上下文,胞外RTK拮抗物通过RTK拮抗物与受体胞外结合区域之间的足够的物理或化学相互作用来与RTK胞外结合区域相互作用,这样酪氨酸激酶活性就得到抑制。本领域技术人员将意识到RTK拮抗物与胞外结合区域之间的这种化学相互作用的例子包括缔合或键合,这是现有技术公知的,其包括共价键合、离子键键合、氢键键合以及类似的键合。
根据本发明的上下文,胞内RTK拮抗物通过防止受体磷酸化和/或其它参与各种RTK信号传递途径的蛋白质的磷酸化来抑制酪氨酸激酶活性。胞内RTK拮抗物对RTK的酪氨酸激酶活性的抑制可通过结合到具有激酶结构域的胞内区域上或抑制其激活、或者通过结合到任何参与RTK信号传递途径的胞内蛋白质上或抑制其激活。
当然,应当意识到的是,尽管胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物都起到抑制相同RTK途径的作用,这些途径可以是截然不同的信号传递途径。因此,这些途径可以彼此完全独立地起作用,胞外途径可以在胞内途径没有被激活的时候被激活,反之亦然。此外,每个途径的作用机制可以不同;因此也导致不同的激活和信号。
虽然不希望被理论所束缚,但是据认为胞外RTK拮抗物抑制了RTK激活后RTK胞外区域的构象变化所起始的所有信号转导级联。这种抑制包括表面RTKs和那些已经被细胞内化的RTKs。例如,据认为激活的RTKs可以通过包被有网格蛋白的小窝进入核内体,但仍然保持它们的信号传递活性。在内化之后,这些受体或者循环回到细胞表面或者在核内体或溶酶体中降解。配体结合到受体上可能会促进受体的再循环,而结合其它受体(即同或异二聚体)或者拮抗物到这个受体上可能会促进RTK的降解。
根据本发明上下文,胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物可以是生物分子、小分子或其它任何的通过与受体胞外结合区域的相互作用抑制RTK激活(即胞外拮抗物)或通过与胞内酪氨酸激酶结构域或其它任何参与该途径的胞内蛋白质的相互作用抑制磷酸化(即胞内拮抗物),从而最终抑制基因激活或细胞增殖的物质。通常,RTK拮抗物减少RTK的激活,不必完全防止或停止RTK的激活。
根据本发明上下文,生物分子包括所有氨基酸、核苷酸、脂和通常具有大于650D分子量的单糖聚合物。因此,生物分子包括例如寡肽、多肽、肽和蛋白质、诸如DNA和RNA的寡核苷酸和多核苷酸以及寡糖和多糖。生物分子进一步包括上述任何分子的衍生物。例如,生物分子衍生物包括脂和糖基化衍生物或寡肽、多肽、肽和蛋白质。生物分子衍生物进一步包括寡糖和多糖的脂衍生物,例如脂多糖。最典型的生物分子是抗体或其功能性衍生物。
根据本发明的这种抗体可以是例如天然存在的抗体,二价片断如(Fab′)2,单价片断如Fab,单链抗体如单链Fvs(scFv),单结构域抗体,多价单链抗体,双抗体(diabodies),三抗体(triabodies)以及类似物,它们可以是单或双-特异性的,与抗原特异性结合。根据本发明的抗体也可以是单结构域抗体,它结合效率很高,包括一个提供有效结合的单一抗体可变结构域。也可以使用重链的同二聚体抗体,其缺少轻链和第一恒定结构域。
通常,本发明的抗体包括人VH和VL构架区(FWs),也包括人互补决定区(CDRs)。整个VH和VL可变结构域优选是人的或源自人的序列。同样的,本发明的抗体的可变结构域可以是一种完整抗体重链或轻链可变结构域,或者它可以是天然存在的结构域的功能性等价物或突变体或衍生物,或是利用本领域技术人员公知的技术构建的合成结构域。例如,将相应于缺失至少一个氨基酸的抗体可变结构域的结构域连接到一起是可能的。最重要的特征是每个结构域与互补结构域缔合形成一个抗原-结合位点的能力。
来自经选择的来源的VL和VH结构域可被插入到具有功能性人类恒定结构域的嵌合抗体上。本发明的抗体也可以被“人源化”,包含一个或多个移植到人构架区(FRs)的源自非人类的互补决定区(CDRs)。或者,人结合结构域或抗体可以由转基因动物获得,未重排的人Ig基因片段被引入到其中,并且将其中的内源小鼠Ig基因灭活(综述于Brüggemann和Taussig(1997)Curr.Opin.Biotechnol.8,455-458)。由这种小鼠产生的单克隆抗体是人抗体。
抗体的功能性等价物也是本发明考虑的,其包括具有与全长抗体可变或高变区氨基酸序列基本相同的氨基酸序列的多肽。这里“基本相同的”氨基酸序列定义为与另一种氨基酸序列具有至少70%、优选至少约80%、更优选至少约90%同源性的序列,其通过根据Pearson和Lipman,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85,2444-8(1988)的FASTA检索方法确定。本发明的抗体也包括那些结合性质(例如亲和性和特异性)通过直接突变、亲和力成熟方法、噬菌体展示或者链改组(chain shuffling)得到改善的抗体。
优选使用抗体或抗体混合物作为胞外RTK拮抗物。抗体结合到胞外结构域,优选中和RTK激活,比如通过阻止受体二聚化和/或配体结合。胞外RTK拮抗物更优选是EGFR抗体。
这种EGFR抗体的一个例子是cetuximab(IMC-C225),它是一种嵌合的(人/小鼠)IgG单克隆抗体。参见例如美国专利No.4,943,533(Mendelsohn等);美国专利No.6,217,866(Schlessinger等);美国申请Nos.08/973,065(Goldstein等)和09/635,974(Teufel);WO 99/60023(Waksal等)和WO 00/69459。cetuximab特异性结合到EGFR上并阻止配体例如EGF的结合。这种阻断干扰了EGFR激活的效果,结果抑制了肿瘤的生长、肿瘤的侵入、转移、细胞修复和血管发生。另外,或作为其它可能,cetuximab可能促进受体-抗体复合物的内化,防止受体通过其配体或任何其它机制被进一步刺激。
EGFR抗体的另外一个例子是ABX-EGF,它是一种特异于EGFR的全人IgG2单克隆抗体。ABX-EGF以很高的特异性与EGFR结合,阻止EGFR结合到它的两个配体EGF和TGF-α上。参见例如Figlin等2001年5月12-15日在旧金山,CA,ASCO的第37届年会上发表的摘要1102。ABX-EGF的序列和特征记载于美国专利No.6,235,883(Abgenix,Inc.)第28栏62行到第29栏36行以及附图29-34,以前作为克隆E7.6.3被公知。参见Yang等,Critical Rev.Oncol./Hematol.,38(1):17-23,2001。
(司徒曼布)是一种重组的DNA-来源的人源化单克隆抗体,其在基于细胞的分析中以高亲和力(5nM的Kd)选择性地结合到人EGFR2蛋白质HER2的胞外结构域上。该抗体是一种含有人构架区的IgG1 kappa,并具有结合到HER2上的鼠抗体(4D5)的互补决定区。参见例如国际专利公开No.WO 01/89566(Mas s)。
可以用作根据本发明的胞外RTK的其它EGFR抗体包括EMD 72000(Merck KGaA),它是一种鼠抗-EGFR单克隆抗体EMD 55900的人源化型式;h-R3(TheraCIM),它是一种人源化的抗-EGFR单克隆抗体;Y10,它是一种鼠单克隆抗体,是通过抗人EGFRvIII突变的鼠同源物而产生的。参见美国专利Nos.5,558,864(Bendig等),5,884,093(Kettleborough等),5,891,996(Mateo de Acosta del Rio等)。
根据本发明的胞外RTK拮抗物也可以是VEGFR抗体。产生VEGFR抗体的细胞系包括产生大鼠抗-小鼠VEGFR-2单克隆抗体的DC101杂交瘤细胞系(ATCC HB 11534);产生小鼠抗-小鼠VEGFR-2单克隆抗体MAb25的M25.18A1杂交瘤细胞细胞系(ATCC HB 12152);产生小鼠抗-小鼠VEGFR-2单克隆抗体MAb 73的M73.24杂交瘤细胞细胞系(ATCC HB12153);以及产生结合到可溶的、细胞表面-表达的VEGFR-1上的MAb6.12的细胞系(ATCC PTA-3344)。其它产生抗-VEGFR-1抗体的杂交瘤细胞包括但不限于杂交瘤细胞KM1730(保藏为FERM BP-5697);KM1731(保藏为FERM BP-5718);KM1732(保藏为FERM BP-5698);KM1748(保藏为FERM BP-5699);以及KM1750(保藏为FERM BP-5700),它们记载于WO 98/22616、WO 99/59636、澳大利亚受理的申请no.AU1998 50666 B2以及加拿大申请no.CA 2328893。VEGFR-2特异性抗体的更多例子包括IMC-1C11(参见WO 00/44777(Zhu等);WO 01/90192(Zhu))和IMC-2C6(参见Lu等,2002;PCT/US02/20332(Zhu))。
其它VEGFR拮抗物是本领域公知的。VEGFR拮抗物的一些例子记载于美国申请Nos.07/813,593;07/906,397;07/946,507;07/977,451;08/055,269;08/252,517;08/601,891;09/021,324;09/208,786和09/919,408(均由Lemischka等申请);美国专利No.5,840,301(Rockwell等);美国申请Nos.08/706,804;08/866,969;08/967,113;09/047,807;09/401,163和09/798,689(均由Rockwell等申请);美国申请No.09/540,770(Witte等)和PCT/US01/06966(Liao等)。美国专利No.5,861,301(Terman等),Terman等Oncogene 6:1677-1683(1991年9月),WO 94/10202(Ferrara等)和WO 95/21865(Ludwig)披露了VEGFR拮抗物特别是抗-VEGFR-2抗体。另外,PCT/US95/01678(Kyowa Hakko)记载了抗-VEFGR-2抗体。抗-VEGFR抗体也记载于美国申请No.09/976,787(Zhu等)。美国专利Nos.6,177,401(Ullrich等)、5,712,395(App等)和5,981,569(App等)记载了为有机分子的VEGFR抗体。此外,针对KDR和VEGFR-1的双特异性抗体(BsAbs)是公知的,它们是具有两种不同抗原-结合特异性或位点的抗体。参见例如美国申请No.09/865,198(Zhu);60/301,299(Zhu)。
一种特定的VEGF拮抗物是AvastinTM(bevacizumab,Genentech),是一种重组的、抗VEGF的人源化的单克隆抗体(rhuMAb-VEGF)。被设计来结合并抑制VEGF的Avastin参与转移性结直肠癌患者的III期临床研究,其主要终点是改善总体存活率。
胞内RTK拮抗物优选小分子。小分子的一些例子包括有机化合物、有机金属化合物、有机化合物和有机金属化合物的盐、以及无机化合物。小分子中的原子通过共价键和离子键连接在一起;前者对于诸如小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的小有机化合物来说是典型的,而后者是小无机化合物的典型。原子在小有机分子中的排列可能表现为链,例如碳-碳链或碳-杂原子链,或者可能表现为含有碳原子的环,例如苯或多环体系,或是碳和杂原子的组合,即诸如嘧啶或喹唑啉的杂环。尽管小分子可以具有任何分子量。但是它们通常包括不被认为是生物分子的分子,除非它们的分子量不大于650D。小分子既包括自然界发现的化合物如激素、神经递质、核苷酸、氨基酸、糖、脂及其衍生物,也包括由传统的有机合成、生物介导的合成或它们的组合而合成制备的化合物。参见例如Ganesan,Drug Discov.Today 7(1):47-55(2002年1月);Lou,Drug Discov.Today,6(24):1288-1294(2001年12月)。
用来作为根据本发明的胞内RTK拮抗物的小分子更优选是一种与ATP竞争结合到具有激酶结构域的EGFR胞内结合区域上或结合到参与EGFR激活的信号转导途径的蛋白质上的胞内EGFR拮抗物。这种信号转导途径的例子包括ras-促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)-Akt途径、应激活化的蛋白激酶(SAPK)途径以及信号转导物和转录激活剂(STAT)途径。参与这种途径的蛋白质(根据本发明的小分子EGFR拮抗物可以结合到其上)的非限制性例子包括GRB-2、SOS、Ras、Raf、MEK、MAPK和基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)。
小分子EGFR拮抗物的一个例子是IRESSATM(ZD1939),它是一种作为ATP-模拟物抑制EGFR起作用的喹唑啉衍生物。参见美国专利No.5,616,582(Zeneca Limited);WO 96/33980(Zeneca Limited)第4页;也可参见Rowinsky等2001年5月12-15日在旧金山,CA举行的ASCO第37届年会上发表的摘要5;Anido等2001年5月12-15日在旧金山,CA举行的ASCO第37届年会上发表的摘要1712。
小分子EGFR拮抗物的另外一个例子是TARCEVATM(OSI-774),它是一种4-(取代的苯基氨基)喹唑啉衍生物[6,7-双(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-喹唑啉-4-基]-(3-乙炔基-苯基)胺盐酸盐]EGFR抑制剂。参见WO96/30347(Pfizer Inc.)例如第2页12行到第4页34行以及第19页14-17行。也可参见Moyer等,Cancer Res.,57:4838-48(1997);Pollack等,J.Pharmacol.,291:739-48(1999)。TARCEVATM可以通过抑制EGFR的磷酸化及其下游的导致p27-介导的细胞周期停滞的PI3/Akt和MAP(促分裂原活化的蛋白)激酶信号转导途径来起作用。参见Hidalgo等在2001年5月12-15日在旧金山,CA举行的ASCO第37届年会上发表的摘要281。
据报导其它小分子也可以抑制EGFR,其中的许多被认为结合到EGFFR的酪氨酸激酶结构域上。这些小分子包括三环化合物,诸如在美国专利No.5,679,683中记载的化合物;喹唑啉衍生物,诸如在美国专利No.5,616,582中记载的衍生物;以及吲哚化合物,诸如在美国专利No.5,196,446中记载的化合物。这种小分子EGFR拮抗物的例子记载于WO 91/116051、WO 96/30347、WO 96/33980、WO 97/27199(Zeneca Limited)、WO 97/30034(Zeneca Limited)、WO 97/42187(Zeneca Limited)、WO 97/49688(Pfizer Inc.)、WO 98/33798(Warner Lambert Company)、WO 00/18761(American Cyanamid Company)和WO 00/31048(Warner Lambert Company)。天然来源的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂包括染料木黄酮、除莠霉素A、槲皮素和制表菌素。
特定的小分子EGFR拮抗物的例子包括C1-1033(Pfizer),它是一种酪氨酸激酶,特别是EGFR的喹唑啉(N-[4-(3-氯-4-氟-苯基氨基)-7-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙氧基)-喹唑啉-6-基]-丙烯酰胺)抑制剂,其记载于WO 00/31048第8页22-26行;PKI166(Novartis),它是EGFR的吡咯并嘧啶抑制剂,其记载于WO 97/27199第10-12页;GW2016(GlaxoSmithKline),它是EGFR和HER2的抑制剂;EKB569(Wyeth),据报导它可以抑制在体内或体外过量表达EGFR或HER2的肿瘤细胞的生长;AG-1478(Tryphostin),它是一种抑制来自EGFR和erbB-2的信号传递的喹唑啉小分子;AG-1478(Sugen,Pharmacia andRepligen),它是一种也能抑制蛋白激酶CK2的双底物抑制剂;PD153035(Parke-Davis),据报导它可以抑制EGFR激酶活性和肿瘤生长,诱导培养中细胞的凋亡,并增强化疗剂的细胞毒性;SPM-924(SchwarzPharma),它是一种用于治疗前列腺癌的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;CP-546,989(OSI Pharmaceuticals),据报导它是一种治疗实体瘤的抑制剂;ADL-681,它是一种用于治疗癌症的EGFR激酶抑制剂;PD158780,据报导它是一种可以在小鼠体内抑制A4431异种移植肿瘤生长速度的吡咯并嘧啶;CP-358、774,据报道它是一种可以抑制在小鼠体内HN5异种移植的自身磷酸化的喹唑啉;ZD1839,据报导它是一种在小鼠异种移植模型包括阴门、NSCLC、前列腺、卵巢和结直肠癌中具有抗肿瘤活性的喹唑啉;CGP 59326A,据报导它是一种抑制小鼠体内EGFR-阳性的异种移植物生长的吡咯并嘧啶;PD 165557(Pfizer);CGP54211和CGP53353(Novartis),它们是dianilnophthalimides。
胞内TRK拮抗物也可以是ras蛋白的抑制剂,ras蛋白是一种参与EGFR信号转导途径的蛋白质。这种抑制剂能够靶向法尼基转移酶,一种可以激活ras蛋白的酶,这种抑制剂包括例如R1 15777 Zamestra(Ortho-Biotech),它被用来与吉西他滨(gemcitabine)联合治疗ras-依赖性肿瘤;SCH66336(Schering Plough),据报导用于治疗各种实体瘤,包括转移性膀胱癌、晚期胰腺癌以及头颈部鳞状细胞癌;BMS-214662 Ptase(Bristol-Myers Squibb),据报导用于治疗急性白血病、骨髓发育异常综合征以及慢性髓细胞白血病;L-778,123(Merck),它是一种肽模拟法尼基蛋白质转移酶(FPTase)抑制剂,据报导用于治疗复发性或难治的实体瘤;CP-609-754(OSIPharmaceuticals and Pfizer),它是一种ras法尼基化抑制剂,据报导用于治疗实体瘤癌症;以及AZD-3409(AstraZeneca),它是一种用于治疗实体瘤的法尼基蛋白质转移酶抑制剂。
胞内RTK拮抗物也可以是ras-raf调节剂,诸如43-9006(Onyx Pharmaceuticals/Bayer),它是一种靶向ras基因具有突变的细胞以抑制raf激酶并阻断ras信号传递途径来治疗结肠、肺、胰腺和其它癌症以及其它增殖性疾病的小分子;ras拮抗物FTS(Thyreos),据报导可使突变ras蛋白质失活用于治疗黑素瘤、胰腺、结肠、肺、乳腺以及其它癌症。
不必是小分子和/或仅特异于EGFR的拮抗物的胞内RTK拮抗物的其它例子是苯乙烯基-取代的杂芳基化合物,诸如记载于美国专利No.5,656,655中的化合物;双单-以及二环芳基和杂芳基化合物,诸如记载于美国专利No.5,646,153中的化合物;在Fry等(265 Science1093-1095(1994年八月))记载的PD 153035;诸如那些在Osherov等(J.Biol.Chem.,Vol.268,No.15pp.11134-11142(1993))中记载的tyrphostins;以及在Panek等(J.Pharm and Exp.Therapeutics,Vo.283,No.3,pp.1433-1444(1997))中记载的PD166285(6-芳基-pyriodo[2,3-d]嘧啶)。
胞内RTK拮抗物也可以是小分子VEGFR拮抗物,诸如AXD-6474(AstraZeneca),据报导它是一种血管发生抑制剂;CEP-5214,它是一种信号转导调节剂;或者ZD-6474,它是一种VEGFR酪氨酸激酶的抑制剂,据报导它破坏血管发生的信号传递途径用于治疗晚期实体瘤。
上述胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物仅仅是例证性的,其它抑制酪氨酸激酶活性的胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物对本领域技术人员来说是公知的和/或容易鉴别的,因此也在本发明的范围之内。要鉴别其它这样的拮抗物,可以进行各种本领域技术人员熟知的酪氨酸激酶抑制分析。
例如,因为本发明的拮抗物通常参与磷酸化事件的抑制或调节,所以磷酸化分析可能对确定在本发明上下文有用的拮抗物方面是有用的。这种分析可以检测重组激酶受体的自磷酸化水平和/或天然或合成底物的磷酸化。磷酸化可以通过例如在ELISA分析或western印迹中使用磷酸酪氨酸特异性的抗体来检测。这种确定酪氨酸激酶活性的磷酸化分析在Panek等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Thera.,283:1433-44(1997)和Batley等,Life Sci.,62:143-50(1998)中描述过。诸如那些用于磷酸化和ELISA分析的常规分析的详细描述可以从许多出版物上获得,包括Sambrook,J.等,(1989)Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual,2nd ed.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press。
此外,可以利用检测蛋白质表达的方法,其中被测定的蛋白质由酪氨酸激酶活性调节。这些方法包括用于检测蛋白质表达的免疫组织化学(IHC)、用于检测基因扩增的荧光原位杂交(FISH)、竞争性放射性配体结合分析、诸如Northern和Southern印迹的固体基质印迹技术、逆转录酶聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)以及ELISA。参见例如Grandis等,Cancer,78:1284-92.(1996);Shimizu等,Japan J.Cancer Res.,85:567-71(1994);Sauter等,Am.J Path.,148:1047-53(1996);Collins,Glia,15:289-96(1995);Radinsky等,Clin.Cancer Res.,1:19-31(1995);Petridesetal.,CancerRes.,50:3934-39(1990);Hoffmann等,Anticancer Res.,17:4419-26(1997);Wikstrand等,Cancer Res.,55:3140-48(1995)。
也可以利用体内分析来检测酪氨酸激酶抑制。例如,受体酪氨酸激酶抑制可以通过使用受体配体刺激的细胞系在存在抑制剂和没有抑制剂的情况下的促有丝分裂分析来观察。例如,VEGF刺激的HUVEC细胞可以用来分析VEGFR抑制。另外一种方法涉及测试表达EGFR或VEGF的肿瘤细胞的生长抑制,使用例如注入小鼠体内的人肿瘤细胞。参见美国专利No.6,365,157(Rockwell等).
另一方面,本发明提供通过给予治疗有效量的胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物治疗哺乳动物酪氨酸激酶-依赖性疾病和状况的方法。治疗这些状况和失调包括减少酪氨酸激酶依赖性疾病的影响,预防、抑制酪氨酸激酶依赖性疾病的扩散,或减轻酪氨酸激酶依赖性疾病的症状。本领域技术人员将能很容易地使用公知的常规测试来诊断这种状况和失调。
给予胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物包括通过任何可以达到所追求结果的方法把RTK拮抗物送递给哺乳动物。RTK拮抗物可以例如口服、经肠道外(静脉内或肌肉内)、局部给药、经皮或吸入给药。胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物可以同时或顺序给药。这里所使用的术语哺乳动物打算包括但不限于人、实验动物、家养宠物以及家畜。给予治疗有效量的意思是当给予哺乳动物本发明的化合物的量能有效产生期望的治疗效果,例如抑制激酶活性。
尽管不打算限定到任何特定的机制上,可以由本发明的方法治疗或预防的疾病和状况包括与细胞增殖有关的疾病和状况,诸如肿瘤、心血管病、炎症以及其它增殖性疾病。可以治疗的肿瘤包括原发性肿瘤和转移瘤、以及难治的肿瘤。难治的肿瘤包括那些对单独用化学治疗剂、单独用抗体、单独放射或者它们的组合治疗没有反应或者有抗性的肿瘤。难治的肿瘤也包括那些看起来被用这种试剂的治疗所抑制的肿瘤,但是又在停止治疗后最多5年复发,有时最多10年或更长。
此外,可以用本发明的胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物治疗的肿瘤包括那些以正常水平表达RTKs并以RTK活性的正常水平为特征的肿瘤。拮抗物对治疗过量表达RTKs的肿瘤也有用,例如正常水平的10、100或1000倍的水平。这种过量表达可能是因为例如受体基因扩增、转录增加或者蛋白质更新降低(受体稳定性增加)。
此外,本发明的拮抗物适用于治疗因为例如从导致不受调节的受体活性的突变产生的受体信号传递缺失而显示出增加的RTK活性的肿瘤。这种突变受体可以不依靠配体结合来刺激。参见例如Pedersen等,Ann.Oncol.,12(6):745-60(2001)。(III型EGFR突变——不同地命名为EGFRvIII、de2-7EGFR或AEGFR——缺少由外显子2-7编码的胞外配体结合结构域的一部分);也可以参见Wikstrand等,CancerRes.,55:3140-8(1995)。
例如EGFR的增强活性和过量表达经常与肿瘤的进展相关,肿瘤细胞膜上的EGF受体的扩增和/或过量表达与对化疗和放射抗性的低反应速度相关联。在另外一个例子中,在25%-30%原发性乳腺癌中观察到了HER2蛋白质的过量表达,其可通过使用IHC分析确定(例如HercepTestTM),基因扩增可通过使用固定肿瘤块的FISH分析确定(例如PathVysionTM)。
因此,使用本发明的胞外和胞内拮抗物可治疗的、表达EGFR并由EGFR配体刺激的肿瘤包括癌、神经胶质瘤、肉瘤、腺癌、腺肉瘤、以及腺瘤。这样的肿瘤基本上可发生于身体的所有部分,包括例如乳腺、心脏、肺、小肠、结肠、脾、肾、膀胱、头颈部、卵巢、前列腺、脑、胰腺、皮肤、骨、骨髓、血液、胸腺、子宫、睾丸、子宫颈或者肝脏。可根据本发明治疗的、观察到过量表达EGFR的肿瘤包括但不限于结直肠以及头颈部肿瘤,特别是头颈部的鳞状细胞癌,诸如成胶质细胞瘤的脑部肿瘤,以及肺部、乳腺、胰腺、食道、膀胱、肾脏、卵巢、子宫颈和前列腺的肿瘤。观察到具有组成型活性的(即不受调节的)受体酪氨酸激酶活性的肿瘤的非限制性例子包括神经胶质瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌以及前列腺癌。
本发明的胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物也对治疗表达VEGF受体特别是KDR的肿瘤有用。这种肿瘤的特点是对存在于它们环境中的VEGF敏感,并且进一步地可能是在自分泌激发环中产生和由VEGF刺激的。因此该方法对治疗没有血管形成或没有充分的血管形成的实体或非实体肿瘤有效。可以这样治疗的实体肿瘤的例子包括乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤和淋巴瘤。非实体肿瘤的例子包括白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤。白血病的一些例子包括急性髓细胞白血病(AML)、慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、红细胞白血病或单核细胞白血病。淋巴瘤的一些例子包括何杰金氏(Hodgkin′s)和非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
本发明的胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物也可用于抑制血管发生。血管内皮细胞的VEGFR刺激与生血管疾病和肿瘤的血管形成有关。典型地,血管内皮是以旁分泌方式由来自其它来源(例如肿瘤细胞)的VEGF激发的。因此,本发明的方法可以有效治疗具有血管化肿瘤或赘生物或生血管疾病的患者。这样的肿瘤和赘生物包括例如恶性肿瘤和赘生物,诸如母细胞瘤、癌或肉瘤,以及高度的血管瘤和赘生物。可由本发明的方法治疗的癌症包括例如脑、泌尿生殖道、淋巴系统、胃、肾、结肠、咽喉和肺和骨的癌症。非限制性的例子进一步包括表皮样瘤、鳞状细胞瘤、诸如头颈部的瘤、结直肠瘤、前列腺瘤、乳腺瘤、肺肿瘤、包括肺部腺癌以及小细胞和非小细胞肺肿瘤、胰腺瘤、甲状腺瘤、卵巢瘤以及肝瘤。
本发明的方法也可用于治疗血管化皮肤癌,包括鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、以及可通过抑制诸如人恶性角化细胞的恶性角化细胞生长而被治疗的皮肤癌。其它可被治疗的癌症包括卡波西肉瘤、CNS赘生物(成神经细胞瘤、毛细血管成血管细胞瘤、脑膜瘤以及脑转移瘤)、黑素瘤、胃肠道和肾癌及肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、包括多形性成胶质细胞瘤的成胶质细胞瘤以及平滑肌肉瘤。
本方面也考虑可使用胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物来治疗或预防以过量的血管发生为特征的病理状况,包括例如血管发生和/或炎症,诸如动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎(RA)、新生血管性青光眼、增殖性视网膜病包括增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病、黄斑变性、血管瘤、血管纤维瘤以及牛皮癣。其它非赘生性血管发生性疾病的非限制性例子是早发性视网膜病(晶状体后纤维瘤)、角膜移植排斥、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、克隆氏病、自身免疫性肾炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、急性胰腺炎、同种异体移植排斥、过敏性炎症、接触性皮炎和迟发型超敏反应、炎性肠病、感染性休克、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、由神经性炎症诱发的认知缺陷、Osler-Weber综合征、再狭窄,以及真菌性、寄生虫性和病毒性感染包括巨细胞病毒感染。上述疾病和状况仅仅是例证性的,本发明的方法不限于仅治疗例证性疾病和状况,也包括可被激酶调节治疗的任何疾病或状况。
此外,体内和体外使用本发明的化合物用于现有技术公知的研究或诊断方法也包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明的另一方面涉及药物组合物,该组合物含有本发明的拮抗物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或前药,并与药学上可接受的载体组合。这种组合物可以是胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物的分开的组合物,或是一种既含有胞外又含有胞内RTK拮抗物的单一组合物。
本发明的组合物可以是固体或液体形式(溶液或悬浮液)。给药途径包括例如口服、经肠道外(静脉内、腹膜内、皮下或肌肉内)、局部给药、经皮以及通过吸入给药。
对于口服给药,RTK拮抗物可以以例如带有惰性稀释液或可吸收载体的液体形式给药,或者混合到固体剂型中。口服液体和固体剂型的例子包括例如溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、乳状液、片剂、锭剂、胶囊(包括软明胶胶囊)以及类似物。口服剂型可配制成持续释放产品,其使用例如包衣来延迟分解或控制活性化合物的扩散。必要时,组合物也可以包括增溶剂。
可注射剂型的例子包括无菌的可注射液体,包括例如溶液、乳状液和悬浮液。可注射剂型进一步包括固体,例如注射前在液体中重配、溶解或悬浮的无菌粉末。无菌的可注射溶液的制备通过将需要的量的RTK拮抗物与上文列举的各种其它成分在适当溶剂中混合、接着根据需要进行过滤灭菌。载体典型地包括例如无菌水、盐水、可注射的有机酯、花生油、蔬菜油以及类似物。缓冲试剂、防腐剂以及类似物可以以可给药的形式包括在内。无菌制剂的制备可通过加热、辐射、微过滤、和/或通过加入各种杀菌剂和杀真菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞以及类似物。
对于局部给药,本发明的RTK拮抗物可例如以凝胶、霜剂、或软膏剂、或涂剂的形式给药。用于这种应用的代表性载体包括疏水的或亲水的基料、油质的或含醇的液体、以及干粉。RTK拮抗物也可加入到凝胶或基质中用于药膏,任选地提供了用于化合物通过皮肤屏障的受控释放。RTK拮抗物也可经公知方法配制成用于直肠给药。
对于经吸入给药,本发明的RTK拮抗物可溶于或悬浮于或者吸附于合适的载体,用于喷雾器、气雾剂或干粉吸入器中。
合适的剂量可以由医师或合格的医学专业人员确定,并取决于诸如治疗的疾病的性质、给药途径、治疗持续时间以及患者状况这样的因素。本发明的RTK拮抗物按所需的频次给药以获得期望的治疗效果。给药频次将取决于例如使用的剂型的性质以及治疗的疾病。当前的胞外EGFR拮抗物的典型剂量是400mg/m2加载量、250mg/m2每周的输注(cetuximab);1.5mg/kg每周的输注(ABX-EGF);以及作为90分钟输注的4mg/kg加载剂量以及作为30分钟输注的2mg/kg的维持剂量(司徒曼布)。当前的胞内EGFR拮抗物的典型剂量是250mg/天口服给药(Iressa);150mg/天口服给药(Tarceva);以及560mg/周口服给药(CI-1033)。
因为本发明提供了可以通过两种不同的独立机制起作用的治疗,这样的治疗就提供了与单独给予胞外拮抗物或胞内拮抗物相比增强的或者协同的肿瘤抑制效果。而且,因为本发明提供了用胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物进行的治疗,治疗有效剂量可以比单独的胞外RTK拮抗物或者单独的胞内RTK拮抗物的治疗有效剂量低。
不象当前的治疗为抑制肿瘤生长需要连续给药,本发明的联合治疗允许胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物的间断给药来抑制肿瘤生长。例如,两次治疗可以同时给药。或者,两次治疗可以顺序给药。而且,两次治疗还可以周期性给药。这样,两种拮抗物可以在一段时间后同时给药,然后单独给予一种或者另一种。当然,可以使用任何给药组合或顺序。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明的胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物配制成与其它治疗活性化合物共同使用,或者联合其它治疗技术的应用进行给药。任何现有技术中公知的常规治疗都可以与本发明的方法联合使用。
例如,胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物可与一种或多种其它抗肿瘤剂联合给药。参见例如美国专利No.6,217,866(Schlessinger等)(抗EGFR抗体与抗肿瘤剂联合);美国专利申请No.09/312,286(Waksal等)(抗EGFR抗体与放射线联合)。可以使用任何合适的抗肿瘤剂,例如化疗剂或放射线。化疗剂的例子包括但不限于顺铂(cisplatin)、阿霉素(doxorubicin)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、伊立替康(irinotecan)(CPT-11)、托普泰肯(topotecan)以及奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)或者它们的组合。当抗肿瘤剂是放射线时,放射源对治疗中的患者来说可以是外部的(外部射线放射疗法——EBRT)或者内部的(短程放射治疗——BT)。给予的抗肿瘤剂的剂量取决于许多因素,包括例如试剂类型、治疗的肿瘤的类型和严重性以及试剂的给药途径。然而应该强调的是,本发明不限于任何特定剂量。
此外,胞外和胞内RTK拮抗物可与一种或多种合适的佐剂联合给药,例如细胞因子(例如IL-10和IL-13)或者其它免疫刺激物。参见例如Larrivée等.,Int′l J Mol.Med.,5:447-56(2000)。
上述说明书中所阐明的仅仅是例证本发明的,并不打算限制。对所公开的实施方式可以由本领域技术人员进行具体表现本发明的精神和实质的更改,这样的更改在本发明的范围之内。此外,这里引用的所有参考文献均以其整体引入作为参考。
Claims (21)
1.在哺乳动物中抑制受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的方法,包括给予哺乳动物胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该方法用于治疗哺乳动物中的肿瘤生长或血管发生。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中RTK是表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是cetuximab、ABX-EGF、EMD 72000、h-R3或者Y10。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中胞内RTK拮抗物是ZD1939或OSI-774。
6.权利要求1或2的方法,其中RTK是HER2受体。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是司徒曼布。
8.权利要求1或2的方法,其中RTK是血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是bevacizumab。
10.权利要求1或2的方法,其中胞内RTK拮抗物抑制ras蛋白或ras-raf调节剂。
11.权利要求1-10任何一项的方法,其中该方法进一步包括给予抗肿瘤剂。
12.包括胞外RTK拮抗物和胞内RTK拮抗物的药物组合物。
13.权利要求12的药物组合物,其中RTK是表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。
14.权利要求13的药物组合物,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是cetuximab、ABX-EGF、EMD 72000、h-R3或者Y10。
15.权利要求13或14的药物组合物,其中胞内RTK拮抗物是ZD1939或OSI-774。
16.权利要求12的药物组合物,其中RTK是HER2受体。
17.权利要求16的药物组合物,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是司徒曼布。
18.权利要求12的药物组合物,其中RTK是血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)。
19.权利要求18的药物组合物,其中胞外RTK拮抗物是bevacizumab。
20.权利要求12的药物组合物,其中胞内RTK拮抗物抑制ras蛋白或ras-raf调节剂。
21.权利要求12-20任何一项的药物组合物,其中该药物组合物进一步包括抗肿瘤剂。
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US60/477796 | 2003-06-09 |
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CNA2004800227541A Division CN1972712A (zh) | 2003-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | 用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法 |
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CN2010105059342A Pending CN101966338A (zh) | 2003-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | 用胞外拮抗物和胞内拮抗物抑制受体酪氨酸激酶的方法 |
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US (3) | US20070036795A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1638600A4 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2007500248A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1972712A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0411250A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2528961A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL172473A0 (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2431500C2 (zh) |
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- 2004-06-09 EP EP04754904A patent/EP1638600A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2004-06-09 RU RU2006100030/15A patent/RU2431500C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-09 CA CA002528961A patent/CA2528961A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2004-06-09 WO PCT/US2004/018451 patent/WO2005001053A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-09 CN CNA2004800227541A patent/CN1972712A/zh active Pending
- 2004-06-09 BR BRPI0411250-4A patent/BRPI0411250A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-09 CN CN2010105059342A patent/CN101966338A/zh active Pending
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2005
- 2005-12-08 IL IL172473A patent/IL172473A0/en unknown
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2009
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2011
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WO2005001053A3 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
CA2528961A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
CN1972712A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
WO2005001053A2 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
EP2389953A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
EP1638600A4 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
RU2006100030A (ru) | 2007-07-20 |
RU2011122542A (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
RU2431500C2 (ru) | 2011-10-20 |
EP1638600A2 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
US20090232805A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
BRPI0411250A (pt) | 2006-08-29 |
US20120201817A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
JP2012211158A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
IL172473A0 (en) | 2006-04-10 |
US20070036795A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
TNSN05315A1 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
JP2007500248A (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
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