CN101317519A - Light base material mesh bag container cutting propagation method for hard-radication wood species - Google Patents
Light base material mesh bag container cutting propagation method for hard-radication wood species Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cutting seedling raising method inside a light substrate mesh bag containers for tree species which are difficult to root. The method of the invention is characterized in that a frame-typed youth cutting orchard is established firstly; quicksets are cut on mother plant for cutting; after the foundation of the quicksets are disposed by rooting hormone, the quicksets are inserted into the light substrate mesh bag container which is internally provided with light substrates so as to prepare the cutting seedlings and to carry out the cultivation. The cutting seedling raising method of the invention can obviously improve the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the tree species which are difficult to root, especially the afforestation survival under severe conditions. Furthermore, the substrate used for preparing the light substrate mesh bag container can be made from local materials, has low comprehensive cost and is easy to be generalized on production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetative propagation technique, specifically the difficulty seeds light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method of taking root.
Background technology
Difficulty take root seeds such as ginkgo, Korean pine, wintersweet, litchi skill, longan, yulan, dateplum persimmon, cherry black walnut, jujube tree, dogwood, ginkgo dragon spruce, masson pine, fragrant camphor tree, red vertebra, extensive cotton rose etc., the experiment of cuttage for many years shows:
No matter adopt bar from perennial elite stand, cut to do from perennial elite stand and urge to sprout to adopt bar, be spray, semi-lignified branch and multiple HORMONE TREATMENT. rooting rate all is very low, but the higher multiple heavy back of cuttage root-taking rate is unstable once in a while sometimes.In addition, greenhouse, booth, the perishable rooting rate instability of the bad cutting of the little big ventilation and penetrating light of shed cuttage management difficulty could be transplanted afforestation after also will moving on to outdoor experienced seedling behind the cuttage root-taking, therefore are difficult to promote on producing.
Existing cutting orchard, the producting rule regulation by present approximately just needed full scale clearance every several years, rebuild once more, and pot life is short, and each reconstruction will cultivate one's ability through about one-year age the bar source is provided, and the production cost of cutting orchard is also high.
Recent years, Xu Chuansen etc. was once with the light base material mesh bag container of development voluntarily, use the golden light mist and insert seedling nursing device, in some reproducting tree species and various plants cuttage and seedling culture reproductive process, apply (" light base material mesh bag container full light fog transplanting seedling growing process and equipment ", forestry science and technology communication .2001 No.8P.7～10, Xu Chuansen; Patent documentation " light base material mesh bag container machine ", patent No. ZL 02208506.8, and the designer is permitted to pass gloomy, Xu Yang; Patent documentation " the light matrix container seedling nursing device of the full light fog transplanting " patent No.: ZL022461158.2, the designer is permitted to pass gloomy, Xu Yang, Meng Ping).
Cuttage is prepared more complicated with the preparation of the multiple composition raw materials such as agricultural solid biomass of used light matrix requirement peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut palm chaff and process lengthy fermentation, and the matrix prepared performance is understable, is easy to generate variation in seedling raising process.The agricultural solid biomass fermenting raw materials time is long, and floor space is big, and is easy to generate the liquids and gases with corrupt smell during the fermentation.Peat, vermiculite, perlite belongs to non-renewable resources, and especially peat is the main resource of wet land protection, and world's wet land protection pact and the multinational government that comprises the Chinese government have prohibited and have continued to excavate the peat resource.It is slow that " light base material mesh bag container machine " adopts screw rod to add the container machine speed of production of filling matrix, and it is meticulous that matrix granularity and fiber are ground, and bad in spraying cuttage process mesostroma gas permeability, water penetration, plugged ear is rotted easily, cuttage root-taking rate instability.When container seedling was transplanted, because matrix the inside fiber is ground, structure was bad, and the matrix of receptacle is fallen easily, loose easily.In addition, the comprehensive production cost height of container.Based on above-mentioned multiple reason, be difficult to large scale application in the production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rooting rate height, difficulty that seedling cost the is low seeds light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method of taking root.
The difficulty of the present invention seeds light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method of taking root, it comprises the steps:
A, foundation be a kind of posture childrenization cutting orchard, its method is: with difficulty take root seeds tissue cultivating seedling, embryoid seedling, cuttage seeding, grafting and through the seedling of the seed plantation of seed selection as adopting the fringe maternal plant, the fringe maternal plant is by going field planting on the seedbed, column is installed at every capable two ends, tie up bundle between the column several parallel stretching ropes are arranged, one meter in highest point rope apart from ground, bottom rope close proximity to ground.The trunk of adopting the fringe maternal plant tied up from the ground location transverse horizontal restraint on the nethermost rope, make its close proximity to ground, and earth up having on the position of side shoot, the side shoot along continuous straight runs that mobile jib grows is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, all branches that in time regrowth on the side shoot that is bunched come out carry out cutting back, its growth length of controlled is no more than 30 centimetres, or it is shorter, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length, eliminate its apical dominance, it is gone out more from giving birth to branch.
General overhead tying up adopted the cladus bar on rope, after adopting several years, rooting rate descends or the growing way decline, at this moment needs to upgrade.Update method of the present invention is: the fringe maternal plant of adopting that will wear out is wiped out, and selects healthy and strong branch again from paste the side shoot that the ground mobile jib grows, and adopts the fringe maternal plant as new, cultivates cuttage fringe bar according to step a.。
In order to obtain more cutting, the present invention also regularly injects or smears at the cane position of adopting fringe maternal plant branch or sprays somatotropin, promotes from the generation of sprouting.
Somatotropin as described in the present invention, can be that employed hormone in the differentiation culture is gone up in the group training, for example 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA), kinetin (KT), methyl (NAA), gibberellin (GA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), 2,4-D etc., concentration 100～300PPM (during use, hormone kind can be determined according to different species with concentration again).
Adopt fringe maternal plant fast growth in order to make, the present invention preferably build cutting orchard in greenhouse or the booth in.
In order to make the childrenization better effects if, the present invention adopts often to give and adopts the spraying of fringe maternal plant, and the childrenization is effective, significantly improves the difficulty seeds cuttage and seedling culture rooting rate of taking root.
B, light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation: from the clip cutting on the fringe maternal plant of adopting of cutting orchard, handle the back cuttage in the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed with root-promoting hormone, be prepared into cuttage seeding, cultivate, the cuttage seeding after taking root can be transplanted after hardening.
The present invention preferably puts cuttage seeding light base material mesh bag container special use and grows seedlings in the pallet, and container is transferred on the seedbed with spraying facility cultivate.
The said seedbed with spraying facility of the present invention can be common sunshade net, little shed or the plastic greenhouse of Artificial Control spraying, water spray, and the seedbed of full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device preferably is installed, and utilization full light fog transplanting seedling growing process is grown seedlings.Begin to carry out the air root relief during to chamber wall or machinery is cut root, hardening when root system is long.Can transplant after the hardening.
Light matrix of the present invention be with the agricultural solid biomass as raw material, under airtight stirring condition, feed high-temperature reductibility gas, the incomplete cracking of living beings is obtained.The temperature of cracking is 250～380 ℃, and the cracking time is 10～60min.Preferably the temperature of cracking is 320 ℃, and the cracking time is 30min.Living beings can produce organic liquid and imflammable gas in cracking process, after the incomplete cracking, and biological particles color browning look, dark brown, biological particles and fiber also have certain degree of hardness.Above-mentioned high-temperature reductibility gas can be produced by timber or other material combustion.
Above-mentioned agricultural solid biomass is selected from rice husk, cotton stalk, wheat straw, maize straw, waste of flax, Cassava stalk, reed, the sunflower bar, the cogongrass stem, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, corncob, the cotton shell, the shell pericarp of longan, the fruit stone pericarp of lichee, oil-tea camellia husks, the Chinese chestnut skin, babassu stem and leaf, the trees dry branches and fallen leaves, the pinecone, fruit tree is cut branch, bark, wood chip, the bamboo bits, the coconut palm chaff, in the coconut husk, the edible mushroom waste residue, the Chinese herbal medicine dregs of a decoction, bagasse, the bamboo pole waste residue, food factory's solid biomass waste material, the cotton fiber waste material, the flaxen fiber waste material, the wool fibre waste material, fermentation industry solid biomass waste material, ocean water product solid biomass waste material, paper mill waste paper screenings, wood-working factory's scoot, in the furfural mill corncob waste material one or more.Be preferably in rice husk, wood chip, bamboo bits, bark, bagasse, the Cassava stalk one or more.
The present invention also further sieves above-mentioned light matrix, removed thick and meticulous particle, the matrix of the following granularity of 2mm accounts for total matrix cumulative volume below 1/4, to guarantee the permeability (water penetration and gas permeability) of matrix, preferably, the granularity of light matrix is controlled between 2～6mm.Light matrix should be carried out the desalination processing before use, and concrete method can be with the abundant drip washing of clear water.Add an amount of slow-release fertilizer in matrix.
For the few light matrix of some fiber content, can in matrix, add small amount of fibers, as: add the agricultural-forestry biomass fiber as far as possible, the charcoal fiber, or mineral matter rock wool fibers, ceramic fibre, and chemical fibre etc., can not be scattered when transplanting to guarantee matrix, especially for the light base material mesh bag container of diameter more than 3cm.
Light base material mesh bag container will be drenched with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, and be produced runoff, reduces in the matrix because the concentration of the soluble-salt that insufficient cracking produces.
Material mesh bag container among the present invention can be produced by the mode of production of strength filler, guarantee that light matrix is uniformly dispersed in mesh bag, and, owing to there is not the effect of direct mechanical screws extruding force, make granularity, the fiber of matrix not have destroyed, matrix structure is good, comparatively loose, gas permeability, good water permeability.The mode of production of described pneumatic filler can be carried out with reference to the method for embodiment.
Above-mentioned light base material mesh bag container diameter is at 15～60mm, and length is set on demand at any time.
Effect and meaning
The present invention makes the cutting source sufficient by setting up the posture cutting orchard, and it is easy to adopt fringe, and the cuttage root-taking rate significantly improves, and is convenient to the large-scale production that intensifies.
Light base starting material provided by the invention all is an agricultural solid biomass waste material, all is renewable resources, and raw material sources are extremely extensive.The light matrix that adopts industrial fast processing way to obtain, stable performance, especially light matrix is between nursery stage, and light matrix physicochemical property is not easy to change.Light matrix preparation is very simple, and a kind of single component or several composition mix can do good light seedling raising medium.Preferably add an amount of slow-release fertilizer in light matrix, adopt the light base material mesh bag container of pneumatic production, the particle and the fiber of matrix are not worn, and receptacle matrix has good structure, and promptly loose breathing freely is not easy again to dissipate.Cuttage root-taking rate height, seedling cost is low.
Use cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention, can significantly improve rooting rate, the transplanting survival rate of cutting, particularly significantly improve survival rate under abominable land occupation condition.In addition, matrix of the present invention can be gathered materials on the spot, and integrated cost is low, promotes easily in the production.
The enforcement of the inventive method significantly improves the difficulty seeds that take root, and the especially precious difficulty seeds cuttage root-taking rate of taking root can be widely used in afforesting, the breeding of greening, fruit tree, flowers, economic plants, is with a wide range of applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of strength filler mesh bag production system structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the segment system architecture schematic diagram of strength filler mesh bag production system;
Fig. 3 is the rotary unloading device structural representation of strength filler mesh bag production system;
Fig. 4 is a kind of Integrated Processing Unit of producing light matrix.
Among the figure, 1 hopper, 2 rotary unloading devices, 3 gas material mixing chambers, 4 pressure gas sources, 5 air inlet pipe, 6 feed pipes, 7 volume dampers, 8 hand-operated valves, 9 container formation devices, 10 electric heating involution devices, 11 pressure rollers, 12 threeway casings, 13 front end imports, 14 back outlet, 15 central exits, 16 tubular grid nets, 17,18 pressure sensors, 19 dust catchers, 20 bunchers, 22 mesh bag reels, 23 guiding rods, 27 high speed rotating motors, 28 sensor wheels, 29 rotating blades, 30 electric machine speed regulation tables, 31 compress guide wheel, 35 blades, 41 combustion furnaces, 42 ash-falling chamber, 43 burner hearths, 44 grates, 45 air inlets, 46 fan blowers, 47 tangent line blast pipes, 48 pipes, 90,91,92 water jackets, 50,41 agitators, 42,53 central shafts, 54 airtight covers, 55 rotary unloading devices, 56 manhole covers, 57 flange gas outlets, 58 screw rod dischargers, 59 temperature sensors, 60 condenser pipes, 61 knockout drums, 62 surge tanks, 63 spiral shell thatch pumps, 64 purify isolator, 65 gas storage holders, 66 observation windows.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
So-called strength filler mode is made light base material mesh bag container, in fact is meant by gas transporting material (light matrix) in the continuous material mesh bag container that is shaped, and obtains single material mesh bag container through segment again after allowing.Specifically can use following " pneumatic continuous process system " produces.
Comprise strength feed system, material mesh bag container moulding and heat sealing system, can and dust pelletizing system, trailer system, control system and rolling system.
As shown in Figure 1, the strength feed system, comprise hopper 1, be positioned at rotary unloading device 2, the buncher 20 of driven in rotation blanking device 2, gas material mixing chamber 3, pressure gas source 4 under the hopper 1, the upper end open and the rotary unloading device 2 of described gas material mixing chamber 3 join, lower end and feed pipe 6 join, lower end at gas material mixing chamber 3 or rotary unloading device 2 joins with pressure gas source 4 by an air inlet pipe 5, is provided with a volume damper 7 on described air inlet pipe; Material mesh bag container moulding and heat sealing system, comprise container formation device 9, electric heating involution device 10, mesh bag reel 22 and the guiding rod 23 that cooperates with it, container formation device 9 is positioned at the outer wall of feed pipe 6, the material mesh bag container material enters 9 moulding of material mesh bag container former through the guiding of guiding rod, it is rolled into tubular bag quilt in the outer wall of feed pipe 6 with the material mesh bag container material, electric heating involution device 9 will wrap by good container Heat Sealing, also be provided with a pressure roller 11 in the back of electric heating involution device 9, pressure roller 11 can be with the further compacting of container after the heat-sealing;
Can and dust pelletizing system, comprise threeway casing 12, threeway casing 12 has front end import 13, back outlet 14 and central exit 15, be provided with tubular grid net 16 in it, feed pipe 6 extend into the tubular grid net 16 from the front end import 13 of threeway casing 12, and light matrix is filled in the material mesh bag container in grid net 16, and sends from back outlet 14, respectively be provided with a pressure sensor 17,18 at the two ends of can place, the central exit 15 of threeway casing and a dust catcher 19 join; Be provided with the soft seal cover between feed pipe 6 and the threeway casing front end import 13 and between good light base material mesh bag container of can and the back outlet 14, pass through to reduce gas.
Trailer system comprises buncher 20 and by the traction conveyer belt of its drive, for material mesh bag container provides walking power;
Control system, on threeway casing 12, be provided with control instrument 32, its buncher 20 with pressure sensor 18,19, volume damper 7 and trailer system links to each other, and regulates the ventilation of volume damper 7 and the rotating speed of buncher 20 by the signal that pressure sensor 18,19 sends.
It after the trailer system quick segment system, as shown in Figure 2, described quick segment system comprises the sensor 27 of measuring light base material mesh bag container walking length, high speed rotating motor 28 and by the rotating blade 29 of its drive, the sensor control rotating blade of the light base material mesh bag container walking of described measurement length cuts into light base material mesh bag container the segment of certain-length, sensor in this example is a sensor wheel, it rotates along with the walking of material mesh bag container, thus the walking length of measuring vessel.
Also be provided with electric machine speed regulation table 30 in the segment system, can check and control rotating speed of motor, hold down gag also is set before rotating blade 29, it comprises and can compress guide wheel 31 around what central shaft rotated.
Wet segment method is: container is drawn the speed governing conveyer belt, draws in the process that enters on the sensor wheel by system front end, draws in the process that enters on the sensor wheel, and a cylinder type sparge pipe is arranged, and container passes from pipe.The sparge pipe inwall has a lot of spray orifices, and the water that sprays from spray orifice enters in the material mesh bag container matrix.Also have water tank simultaneously, screen pack is connected with sparge pipe with water pump, and water circulation is used.Container after the segment adopts programme controlled electromechanical integrated device by one, with the container Automatic Code in the pallet of growing seedlings.Perhaps with artificial sign indicating number in the pallet of growing seedlings.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rotary unloading device among the present invention, light matrix at the uniform velocity blanking under the rotation of blade 35, because the sealing function of blade 35, gas can not spill from rotary unloading device 2.
Can produce the material mesh bag container of suitable size by said method, and, gas fills because driving light matrix, the particle of matrix and fiber are not forced to extruding, fragmentation, and matrix carried out the inspiration dust removal process, therefore degree of tightness is suitable between the matrix, even structure, good permeability is difficult for ponding.
2 one kinds of devices (Integrated Processing Unit) that are used to prepare the light matrix of the present invention of embodiment
Described device comprises combustion system and cracking system and organic liquid gathering system, imflammable gas gathering system.
Combustion system comprises combustion furnace 41, combustion furnace 41 comprises ash-falling chamber 42 and burner hearth 43, ash-falling chamber 42 is positioned at the orlop of combustion furnace 41, be provided with mobilizable grate 44 between ash-falling chamber 42 and the burner hearth 43, ash-falling chamber's 42 sidewalls are provided with air inlet 45, and air inlet 45 links to each other with fan blower 46, and 4 pairs of tangent line blast pipes 47 are installed in the described burner hearth 43, the sidewall of burner hearth 43 is provided with 42 temperature sensors 59 and 2 openable observation windows, can observe and transfers material in the stove.At the pipe 48 that 4 different directions in burner hearth 43 also are installed on the furnace wall, manage the sealing of 48 outer ends, can open in case of necessity, with the material in the iron staff stirring burner hearth 43; The body of heater of combustion furnace is that metal material is made, and the body of heater skin is provided with water jacket 90, and internal layer posts one deck refractory material, and refractory material can be repaired by observation window 66;
Cracking system comprises pyrolysis furnace, agitator pyrolysis furnace 40 is housed on the central shaft, agitator 51 is installed in the pyrolysis furnace 40, agitator 51 is driven by reducing motor 52, agitator 51 central shafts 53 are hollow pipe, there is airtight cover 54 at two ends, can pass to cooling water, the Lower Half sidewall of pyrolysis furnace 50 also has jacket structure for water 91, be the double-layer water jacket structure in this example, pyrolysis furnace 50 tops are provided with rotary unloading device 55, manhole cover 56, flange gas outlet 57, its underpart are provided with screw rod discharger 58, screw rod discharger 58 also possesses jacket structure for water 92, and the bottom of pyrolysis furnace and combustion furnace 41 join by flange.On the outer wall of pyrolysis furnace 50, also be provided with 3 temperature sensors 49 and observe the maintenance window; Described agitator is the double-spiral structure agitator of similar agitator;
The organic liquid gathering system, this system comprises condenser pipe 60, the knockout drum 61 that links to each other with condenser pipe 60, condenser pipe 60 upper ends link to each other with the flange gas outlet 57 of pyrolysis furnace by pipeline, the gas that produces in the pyrolysis furnace enters condenser pipe 60 by flange gas outlet 57, obtain organic liquid after condensation, incondensible imflammable gas then enters the imflammable gas gathering system and obtains collection through knockout drum 61.
Described imflammable gas gathering system comprises surge tank 62, spiral shell thatch pump 63, purification isolator 64 and the gas storage holder 65 that links to each other with pipeline, and imflammable gas is obtaining enrichment in gas storage holder 65 after purifying.
Be the method for work that example illustrates this device below with the wood sawdust
(1) wood sawdust that will contain wooden unit, wood chip is packed in insufficient drum-type pyrolysis furnace by the rotary unloading device, and volume of material is a device volume 2/3.With the dry firewood combustion gasification stove of packing into
(2) combustion gasification, incomplete cracking temperature control procedure
Firewood in the ignition combustion stove is opened fan blower adjusting air quantity and is made the abundant oxidizing fire of firewood.When needing supply after the dried firewood burning reduces in the stove, suitably reduce the blow rate required, the material of cracking system the inside is in rotation, whipping process, and the small part material can be fallen in the combustion furnace.Because stove hall inwall has thicker refractory material, the stove hall keeps higher temperature, makes the wood sawdust of falling in the combustion furnace gasification that burns away.Burning produces red-hot high-temperature gas, behind the reduction zone of stove top, enter in the pyrolysis furnace, the local material of contact, be heated, intensification, cracking.In time rotate, stir, after local heated material process mixes, the fast reduction of material temperature speed, even below 100 ℃.
In the burning and the industrial production control process of cracking, by control, the material quantity of combustion furnace is controlled intake, accurately control within 320 ℃ of scopes.This temperature, the solid material loss is little, and equipment attrition is little.About 320 ℃, wood chip, color browning look, dark brown, biological particles and fiber also have certain degree of hardness.The stability of matrix is better.Cracking time 30min.
(3) the light host solid collection of sawdust, cleaning system.
The sawdust discarded object has generated the light matrix primary product of similar high moor peat after half thermal cracking, stirring, homogeneous device back warp are crossed uniform temperature and certain long time treatment.Temperature during discharging is controlled at about 250 ℃, after screw rod is released material, multiple processing method is arranged.Such as, put into an amount of tank, water logging rapidly.Because temperature is higher, the tripotassium salt that contains in the matrix (potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, potash) is dissolved in the water very soon, and after filtering, fluid temperature is higher, and evaporation is very fast, reduces with temperature, becomes all over-fed solution, wherein tripotassium salt respectively Crystallization Separation come out.Surplus solution contains sylvite and organic matter, can make fertilizer after stirring with soil.The residue solution also can heating evaporation, evaporates last solid, and main component is a sylvite.
Sawdust matrix after the discharging can not soaked yet, after the cooling, the pack but it should be noted that such matrix soluble-salt content height, be that the EC value is high, the pH value is high, notes various matrix components proportionings when container production, simultaneously after the container segment, before growing seedlings, fully trickle makes the EC value, and pH value and sprinkling irrigation water are together.
(4) organic liquid
Wood sawdust produces multiple organic matter through incomplete thermal cracking.Wherein, the liquid through the condenser pipe cooling produces contains pyroligneous liquor, multiple organic matter such as tar.These multiple organic matters can be professional factory and supply raw materials, or through deep processing, produce product of higher value.For the processing of organic liquid, existing at present a lot of mature technique.
(5) imflammable gas
Wood sawdust produces multiple organic matter through incomplete thermal cracking, wherein outside the liquid that the condenser pipe cooling produces, contains large amount of organic gas in addition, can make biomass fuel through purified treatment.Or the treated industrial chemicals of doing, this respect has a lot of mature technologies.
Can produce light matrix of the present invention by said apparatus,, can suitably adjust cracking temperature and time according to the character of different material, thus acquired good light matrix of fine quality.Present experimental result is at 250～380 ℃, and the time is relatively more suitable cracking condition at 10～60min.
Embodiment 3 hybridization mandarin jacket ebon light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagations
The fringe maternal plant of adopting in this example is hybridization mandarin jacket wood tissue cultivating seedling (available from Nanjing Forestry University)
The posture childrenization cutting orchard building method of hybridization mandarin jacket wood is the tissue cultivating seedling with hybridization mandarin jacket wood, on the seedbed, column is installed at every capable two ends by the row field planting, and tying up bundle between the column has 4 parallel stretching ropes, one meter in highest point rope apart from ground, bottom rope close proximity to ground.The mobile jib of adopting the fringe maternal plant tied up from the ground location transverse horizontal restraint on the nethermost rope, make its close proximity to ground, and earth up having on the position of side shoot, the side shoot along continuous straight runs that mobile jib grows is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, all branches that in time regrowth on the side shoot that is bunched come out carry out cutting back, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length and be no more than 30cm, eliminate its apical dominance, by pruning its nutrition is regulated and control, it can be grown more from giving birth to branch.
After adopting 4 years, the rooting rate of adopting the fringe maternal plant descends or the growing way decline, the fringe maternal plant of adopting that at this moment will wear out is wiped out, from the side shoot that subsides ground mobile jib grows, select healthy and strong branch again, adopt the fringe maternal plant as new, along continuous straight runs is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, all branches that in time regrowth on the side shoot that is bunched come out carry out cutting back then, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length and be no more than 30cm, eliminate its apical dominance,, it can be grown more from giving birth to branch by pruning its nutrition is regulated and control.
Adopt the 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) of concentration 300PPM that the cane of hybridization mandarin jacket wood is handled in this example.Pressing close on the mobile jib on the face of land and tying up bundle at other on the side shoot on the rope, injecting, smear or spray hormone.Concrete grammar is as follows:
1. injection: wipe clean again with alcohol swab in the injection site and will inject the 0.1mL hormone, with adhesive tape this place is encased then with syringe.
2. semar technique: wipe clean again brokenly to xylem at the bit position of smearing with alcohol swab, cover, cling wrapping with adhesive tape again and locate at this with the medical cotton ball of dipping hormone with the scalpel stripping.Two kinds of methods can be carried out simultaneously on a strain elite stand.Generally use injection more than 1 centimetre, using patterning method below 1 centimetre at the branch diameter.
3. spraying: on blade, spray one deck hormone with the spraying facility sometimes.The HORMONE TREATMENT time generally spring during mounted blade jede Woche handle once, handle continuously three times.
In this example above-mentioned three kinds of methods are independently experimentized, 30 every group, and contrast is set, other management conditions are identical.From February to August, injection, semar technique and spraying are handled 1 time equal every month.Since 10 statistics.The result shows, significantly expands chap through hormone-treated its stem of fringe maternal plant of adopting, and compared with the control, average stem increases thick 3～6 millimeters, and the quantity that generates branch has increased 10% than control group.And follow-up experiment shows that through hormone-treated cutting, the cuttage root-taking time is shorter, and rooting rate is higher.
Present embodiment is built cutting orchard in the greenhouse in, can accelerate to adopt the growth rate of fringe maternal plant like this.
The childrenization influential effect of branch its cuttage root-taking rate, and present embodiment adopts to the method for adopting the spraying of fringe maternal plant, makes its surface often keep moistening.The concrete method that adopts spraying makes most of blade can both form water membrane, but does not produce runoff, wait moisture film on the blade surface absolutely dry after again spraying handle, so repeatedly.This example is controlled spraying automatically with full light fog transplanting blade face moisture controller after growing blade.Each spray time was set at for 5 seconds, made most of blade can both form water membrane, simultaneously runoff can not take place.After the moisture film on the blade is absolutely dry, sprayed for 5 seconds automatically, so repeatedly.
Grow after the blade from adopting the fringe maternal plant, 3 groups and a control group are set, and every group 30 strain handled since March, April, spraying in May respectively, control group is not sprayed, begin to get the bar cuttage July, evidence, the average rooting rate of above-mentioned three groups is respectively 86%, 84%, 88%, control group is 80%, the presentation of results spraying processing time is long more, and branch childrenization effect is good more, and the cuttage root-taking rate is higher.
Matrix treatments: select for use rice husk to do base starting material, utilize the Integrated Processing Unit of embodiment 2 to handle on rice husk, half cracking temperature is controlled at 320 ℃, time 40min.Through above-mentioned processing, raw material becomes light brown, sifts out greater than the foreign material of the above granularity of 8mm and the part material less than the 2mm granularity, makes the content less than the particle of 2mm granularity account for the matrix cumulative volume below 1/4.
Add 3kg composite slow release fertilizer according to every cubic metre of matrix, after stirring, produce the light base material mesh bag container of long tubular, cut out single light base material mesh bag container for plant growth again, container diameter 4.5cm, high 10cm with embodiment 1 " pneumatic continuous process system ".
Putting of container: container is put light base material mesh bag container special use grow seedlings in the pallet, then pallet is come on the full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device seedbed, sterilize with 0.3% potassium permanganate, the spraying of unlatching sprayer unit, spraying is not less than 2h continuously, it is permeable that container is fully watered, and washes off because some soluble-salt ions that half cracking produces.
Cuttage and seedling culture: the plugged ear of getting long 10cm from cutting orchard, the fringe bar keeps 1～3 blade, the base portion otch adopts truncation, and the fringe bar soaks 10min with 1200 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and the branch apart from base portion 3cm during cuttage partly dips in indolebutyric acid 800mg/kg (with talcum powder furnishing pasty state).
Plugged ear adopts the straight cutting method: light base material mesh bag container punches with the stainless steel bar of Φ 4mm before the cuttage, and plugged ear is inserted down along the hole, degree of depth 3cm.To the plugged ear water spray, make blade maintain the globule in the cuttage process, promptly put on the full light fog transplanting seedbed after inserting.Connect full light fog transplanting blade face moisture content controller power supply, adjust the control setting and carry out the auto spraying management by sensor.
The cutting of band blade before the seedbed, keep that blade is fresh does not wilt in cuttage always, should be before the sun comes out the branch of clip be put into the spraying and moisturizing of scattering on the full sunshine and spray slotting machine.Also otherwise stop watering to the blade face and preserve moisture, bed surface, instrument, hand, footwear all will be sterilized in the cuttage process in cutting.The accurate each spray time of control makes spraying only make blade moistening and reduce as far as possible and do not produce runoff.Two suspended walls only rotate 180 °～360 ° during the each rotating spraying of two cantilevers.
Bactericide and fertilizer spraying method: spray bactericide after the cuttage weekly 5 times, bactericide uses by turns, presses operation instructions dosage, alternately spray spray tpn, carbendazim, bordeaux mixture, fenaminosulf, before stopping spraying evening, bactericide converted be put in the cylinder, be sprayed onto on the bed surface with immersible pump again.Spray 2 foliage fertilizers and composite fertilizer after the cuttage each week, increase branch nutrition, improve rooting rate, improve the disease resistance ability.Each spraying concentration is no more than 2/1000ths.Especially cuttage root last stage during the full light fog transplanting, when solar irradiation is strong, will be with the suitable shading of sunshade net above the slotting machine, the blade of avoiding transplanting a cutting is burnt by sunburst.
The management main points: the spraying in the whole cuttage process, (before taking root) moisture is peaceful how not few in earlier stage, and mid-term, (before the air root relief) was neither too much nor too little, and the later stage (root is long to chamber wall, the line space of going forward side by side gas root relief) is peaceful few not many.Band leaf epicormic branch cuttage is easier than lignification rooting of cuttings, but spray does not often wait until when taking root and just rotted that preventing to rot is the key technology of spray full light fog transplanting.
Control measures: in the spray process, first three day, daytime is 2min at interval, spray 15s, and injection spray pipe rotates 180～360 °.Evening, 1h sprayed once, and later blanking time can proper extension.In the cuttage root-taking later stage, 30min sprays once.
Sent out roots in more than 30 day, process exercise in seedling stage and air are completely cured and are bred the container commercial seedling again.During exercise and the air root relief, container seedling is shifted out from full light seedbed, regularly spray with simple fixed mini sprinkler, the seedbed of vacating is the cuttage next group again.The hardening time is 15d.See patent documentation " the light matrix container seedling nursing device of full light fog transplanting " (patent No.: ZL022461158.2, designer are permitted to pass gloomy, Xu Yang, Meng Ping).
Air root relief: behind hybridization mandarin jacket wood 90% cuttage rooting, enter hardening air root relief management phase.Light base material mesh bag container is because ventilative, permeable, the saturating root of mesh bag material, do not hinder root growth, under spray condition, air humidity is big, root system is easy on the lenient side that the base material mesh bag container sidewall grows, and transplants a cutting root system when major part and will in time stop spraying when wall grows, when at this moment dry air flows through between the container space, withered from the young tender tip of a root wilting that the container sidewall length goes out, promoted the growth of lateral root.Through the processing of being completely cured of 2 air, the lateral root of container matrix the inside become progression to increase and and the matrix weave in form whippy root ball.Should on slotting machine, set up waterproof when in air is completely cured process, running into the rainy day and mould cloth, on full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device slotting machine, the rainproof overlay that can draw at any time is installed, during root relief, can not allow rainwater water container.Will point out that also the root that bears under spray condition much is a water root, the root hair is few, after being completely cured and practicing seedling by air, and the root strong stress resistance that grows.Container side wall, and break the long tip of a root to chamber wall as being completely cured by air by the control measures of being completely cured in the bottom, thereby urge to have given birth to a large amount of lateral root growths, be completely cured repeatedly and can urge to give birth to more lateral root several times, thus the container seedling root quantity of cultivating with light base material mesh bag container seedling growing process significantly increases, its root quantity is present other container seedling root quantity ten times to tens of times more than.
Through the container seedling after being completely cured, the root growth freedom, unfold, not winding, do not curl, root growth is near the growth conditions of nature.
Because the root system of receptacle is grown under ventilative environmental condition all the time, near long root system chamber wall is ingress of air all the time, especially in air hardening process, often be under the dry adverse circumstances, root system obtains taking exercise in process of growth, and sturdy strong, the drought-resistant anti-ridge of the root growth of container side wall and receptacle is thin, strong stress resistance.
Cuttage 60d " Invest, Then Investigate " hybridization mandarin jacket wood cuttage seeding: average rooting rate 85%, average 8 of the quantity of taking root, the average 9cm of root length, the average 2mm in root footpath, transplanting survival rate is more than 98%.
Hybridization mandarin jacket wood cuttage and seedling culture with this method is produced has significantly improved rooting rate, especially significantly improves hybridization mandarin jacket wood survival rate under abominable land occupation condition.Integrated cost reduces greatly.
The cuttage and seedling culture of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 4 Dunne eucalyptus
Dunne eucalyptus is that the relatively more cold-resistant at present living eucalyptus kind of speed is extensively planted in subtropics such as Chenzhou, Hunan such as North Fujian, Ganzhous, and the cuttage difficulty is taken root at present, and plantation all is to adopt to grow seedlings with planting seed from state's outsourcing seed in the production, costs an arm and a leg.
Adopt the seedling that the fringe maternal plant obtains for Dunne eucalyptus seed (Chinese arboreal seeds branch) plantation.
Build cutting orchard in greenhouse, adopt the fringe maternal plant by going field planting on the seedbed, column is installed at every capable two ends, and tying up bundle between the column has 5 parallel stretching ropes, one meter apart from ground in highest point rope, bottom rope close proximity to ground.The mobile jib of adopting the fringe maternal plant tied up from the ground location transverse horizontal restraint on the nethermost rope, make its close proximity to ground, and earth up having on the position of side shoot, the side shoot along continuous straight runs that mobile jib grows is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, all branches that in time regrowth on the side shoot that is bunched come out carry out cutting back, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length and be no more than 30cm, eliminate its apical dominance, by pruning its nutrition is regulated and control, it can be grown more from giving birth to branch.
After adopting 3 years, the rooting rate of adopting the fringe maternal plant descends or the growing way decline, aging maternal plant is upgraded, the maternal plant that will wear out from the mobile jib of ground is wiped out, from the side shoot that subsides ground mobile jib grows, select healthy and strong branch again, adopt the fringe maternal plant as new, along continuous straight runs is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, all branches that in time regrowth on the side shoot that is bunched come out carry out cutting back then, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length and be no more than 30cm, eliminate its apical dominance, by pruning its nutrition is regulated and control, it can be grown more from giving birth to branch.
Present embodiment is that 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and the concentration of 200PPM is 2 of 100PPM adopting fringe maternal plant branch cane position spray concentration regularly also, the 4-D hormotone, its method is with reference to embodiment 3, and the result shows, has increased the quantity of branch by HORMONE TREATMENT.
Method with reference to embodiment 3 is often sprayed to adopting the fringe maternal plant, and its childrenization is effective, has significantly improved Dunne eucalyptus kind cuttage and seedling culture rooting rate.
Matrix treatments: selecting wood chip for use is base starting material, utilizes the Integrated Processing Unit of embodiment 2 to handle wood chip, and insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 320 ℃, time 40min.Through above-mentioned processing, raw material becomes light brown, sifts out greater than the foreign material of the above granularity of 8mm and part less than the matrix of 2mm granularity, makes the matrix content less than the 2mm granularity be no more than 1/5 of matrix cumulative volume.
Add 3 kilograms of composite slow release fertilizer according to every cubic metre of matrix, after stirring, the light base material mesh bag container of the long tubular of " pneumatic continuous process system " output with embodiment 1 cuts out single light base material mesh bag container for plant growth, container diameter 3.5cm, high 10cm again.
Putting of container: container is placed on the full light fog transplanting seedbed, with the sterilization of 0.3% potassium permanganate, opens the sprayer unit spraying, spraying is not less than 2h continuously, and it is permeable that container is fully watered, and washes off because some soluble-salt ions that half cracking produces.
Cuttage and seedling culture: get the plugged ear of long 10cm early morning from cutting orchard, the fringe bar keeps 4～5 blades, the base portion otch adopts truncation, and the fringe bar soaks 10min with 1200 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and base portion 3cm branch dips in indolebutyric acid 800mg/kg (with talcum powder furnishing pasty state) during cuttage.
Plugged ear adopts the straight cutting method: light base material mesh bag container punches with the stainless steel bar of Φ 4mm before the cuttage, and plugged ear is inserted down along the hole, degree of depth 3cm.To the plugged ear water spray, make blade maintain the globule in the cuttage process, be put into after inserting on the built on stilts seedbed of full light fog transplanting.The cuttage initial stage is wanted suitable shading.
Approximately 30d sends out roots, and process exercise in seedling stage and air are completely cured and are bred the container commercial seedling again.Because container is directly put on bed surface, is close between the container, root system penetrates mutually easily, or root system is long to the seedbed soil the inside, therefore, and when finding that root system will penetrate mutually, except wanting timely air root relief, also want regular mobile containers seedling, in order to avoid root system length is in seedbed soil.
Air root relief reference example 3 is carried out.
Cuttage 45d " Invest, Then Investigate ": average rooting rate 70%.
The cuttage and seedling culture of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 5 masson pines
Plugged ear source: plugged ear be 3 years living masson pine cutting orchards building up by embodiment 3 methods in China forest-science academy, Beijing modernization test temperature adopt that the fringe maternal plant is got semi-lignified, length 10cm makes plugged ear for the terminal bud branch, skewer bar base portion 3cm cuts with lower blade.The cutting orchard maternal plant is that the seed of the second generation seed orchard collection of giving from Nanping City, Fujian Yanping District State Forestry Administration, P.R. China builds up.
Light matrix material and processing: selecting bark for use is light base starting material, the light matrix of Integrated Processing Unit production with embodiment 2, insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 340 ℃, time 40min, then through screening, the matrix of the following granularity of 2mm is wherein removed as far as possible, made its content be no more than 1/5 of matrix cumulative volume, a large amount of fibers are contained in bark matrix the inside.In the matrix the inside, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.
With the light base material mesh bag container that the pneumatic continuous process system of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 1 is produced, containers size is diameter 3.5cm, length 10cm.Drenches repeatedly with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, and produce runoff, the concentration of the more soluble-salt of content in the reduction bark matrix.
Cuttage and seedling culture method reference example three is carried out, and white silk seedling, packing, transportation, transplanting adopt routine techniques to carry out.
The result shows: average rooting rate 90%, average 8 of the quantity of taking root, the average 9cm of root length, the average 2mm in root footpath, transplanting survival rate 99%.
The cuttage and seedling culture of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 6 fragrant camphor trees
Plugged ear source: plugged ear be 3 years fragrant camphor tree cutting orchards of life building up by embodiment 3 methods in China forest-science academy, Beijing modernization test temperature adopt that the fringe maternal plant is got semi-lignified, length 10cm branch is made plugged ear, the big blade on the skewer bar cuts 1/2.The cutting orchard maternal plant is to build up from the cuttage seeding that give in Xiamen, Fujian State Forestry Administration, P.R. China seedling base.
Light matrix material and processing: select the light base starting material of sugar refinery bagasse for use, with the light matrix of Integrated Processing Unit production of embodiment 2, insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 300 ℃, time 30min.In the matrix the inside, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.
Container: the pneumatic continuous process system of light base material mesh bag container with embodiment 1 is produced light base material mesh bag container.Light base material mesh bag container specification is diameter 4.5cm, the light base material mesh bag container of length 10cm.Light base material mesh bag container is drenched with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, and is produced runoff, reduces the concentration of soluble-salt in the matrix.
Cuttage and seedling culture method reference example three is carried out, and practices seedling, packing, transportation, transplanting, carries out with prior art.
The result shows: average rooting rate 85%, average 8 of the quantity of taking root, the average 9cm of root length, the average 2mm in root footpath, transplanting survival rate 99%.
Other difficulty tree such as seeds such as ginkgo, Korean pine, wintersweet, litchi skill, longan, yulan, dateplum persimmon, cherry, black walnut, jujube tree, dogwood, ginkgo, dragon spruce, red vertebra, manglietia glauca or the like difficulty seeds that take root that take root are adopted the said method cuttage and seedling culture, all obtain higher rooting rate.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of difficulty light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of seeds of taking root, it comprises the steps:
A, set up cutting orchard: the difficulty seeds that take root are adopted the fringe maternal plant, by going field planting on the seedbed, column is installed at every capable two ends, tie up bundle between the column several parallel stretching ropes are arranged, bottom rope close proximity to ground, the trunk of adopting the fringe maternal plant tied up from the ground location transverse horizontal restraint on the nethermost rope, make its close proximity to ground, and earth up having on the position of side shoot, the side shoot along continuous straight runs that mobile jib grows is tied up bundle on other overhead minimum rope as far as possible, in time all branches that grow out on the side shoot that cutting back is bunched, cut the terminal bud growing point, control its growth length, eliminate its apical dominance, it is grown more from giving birth to branch;
B, light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation: from adopting clip cutting on the fringe maternal plant, after the base portion of transplanting a cutting was handled with root-promoting hormone, cuttage was prepared into cuttage seeding in the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed, cultivate.
2, the method for claim 1, wherein step a also is included in the cane position injection of adopting fringe maternal plant branch or smears or spray somatotropin.
3, the method for claim 1, wherein step a also comprises often to adopting the spraying of fringe maternal plant.
4, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described light matrix is as raw material with the agricultural solid biomass, under airtight rotation and/or stirring condition, feed high-temperature reductibility gas, the incomplete cracking of living beings is obtained, the temperature of cracking is 250～380 ℃, and the cracking time is 10～60min.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described light base material mesh bag container is to produce by the mode of strength filler.
6, cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step b adopts the full exposure mist technology of inserting that cuttage seeding is cultivated.
7, cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described light matrix is also carried out desalination before use and handled.
As the arbitrary described method of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that 8, this method also comprises sieves light matrix, removes thick and meticulous light matrix, make the matrix of 2 millimeters following granularities account for total matrix cumulative volume below 1/4.
9, as the arbitrary described method of claim 1～7, wherein step a upgrades cutting orchard by following method: the fringe maternal plant of adopting that will wear out is wiped out, from paste the side shoot that the ground mobile jib grows, select healthy and strong branch again, adopt the fringe maternal plant, cultivate cuttage fringe bar according to step a as new.
10, as the arbitrary described method of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that the described seedling of adopting the awkward tissue cultivating seedling of taking root of fringe maternal plant, embryoid seedling, cuttage seeding, grafting and planting through the seed of seed selection.
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