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Leader Characteristics and Constitutional Compliance

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  • Gutmann, Jerg
  • Metelska-Szaniawska, Katarzyna
  • Voigt, Stefan

Abstract

While research in constitutional economics has made important progress in recent decades, the factors determining whether a constitution is complied with have only received scant attention. We contribute to that narrow literature by studying how personal traits of political leaders are associated with constitutional compliance. Compliance levels of 943 political leaders between 1950 and 2010 can be explained by their education, entry into office, political experience, military background, and whether they are members of extreme left-wing parties. Specifically, under former military officers and Communist leaders, constitutional compliance is significantly lower. The combined effect of these two traits corresponds to the difference between democracy and nondemocracy. This implies a difficult normative question, which we discuss in our conclusion: Should constitutions set entry barriers for high political offices that are based on leader characteristics?

Suggested Citation

  • Gutmann, Jerg & Metelska-Szaniawska, Katarzyna & Voigt, Stefan, 2023. "Leader Characteristics and Constitutional Compliance," ILE Working Paper Series 70, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ilewps:70
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    Cited by:

    1. Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw & Voigt, Stefan, 2024. "Assessing the Impact of Federalism on Constitutional Compliance," ILE Working Paper Series 79, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics.
    2. Grajzl, Peter & Gutmann, Jerg & Voigt, Stefan, 2023. "The Nation-State Foundations of Constitutional Compliance," ILE Working Paper Series 76, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    constitutional compliance; de jure-de facto gap; leader characteristics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K10 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - General (Constitutional Law)
    • K38 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Human Rights Law; Gender Law; Animal Rights Law
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • P26 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Property Rights
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General

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