John Conyers Jr. (Michigan U.S. House representative)

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This page is about John Conyers Jr., a member of the U.S. House, representing Michigan's 13th Congressional District from 1964-2017. For his son, John Conyers III, a candidate for Michigan's 13th Congressional District, see John Conyers III (Michigan U.S. House candidate).
John Conyers, Jr.
Image of John Conyers, Jr.

Democratic Party

Prior offices
U.S. House Michigan District 13
Successor: Brenda Jones
Predecessor: Hansen Clarke

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $-12,500

Education

Bachelor's

Wayne State University

Other

Wayne State Law School

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Army

Years of service

1950 - 1954

Service / branch

U.S. Army Reserve

Years of service

1954 - 1957

Personal
Religion
Christian: Baptist
Profession
Attorney

John Conyers, Jr. (b. May 16, 1929, in Detroit, MI) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Michigan's 13th Congressional District. Conyers was first elected to the House in 1964 and resigned on December 5, 2017, amid sexual harassment allegations.[1] Conyers died on October 27, 2019.[2]

Biography

Conyers was born in 1929 in Detroit, MI. He earned his B.A. and L.L.B. from Wayne State University in 1957 and 1958, respectively.[3] He died on October 27, 2019.[2]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Conyers' academic, professional, and political career:[4]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Conyers was assigned to the following committees:[5]

2015-2016

Conyers served on the following committees:[6]

2013-2014

Conyers served on the following committees:[7]

  • Judiciary Committee Ranking Member
    • Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice
    • Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet

2011-2012

Conyers served on the following House committees:[8]

  • Judiciary Committee Ranking Member
    • Subcommittee on the Constitution
    • Subcommitte on Intellectual Property, Competition, and Internet

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Conyers endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[114]

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

House Judiciary Committee

Conyers served on the House Judiciary Committee since shortly after he was sworn into Congress in 1965.[115] The Congressman was the first ever African-American to be appointed to the House Judiciary Committee.[115] Conyers was one of the managers responsible for the impeachment trial of federal judge Alcee Hastings in 1989.[116]

On November 26, 2017, Conyers stepped down from his position as the ranking member of the committee following allegations that he sexually harassed staffers. He denied the allegations in a statement.[117]

Conyers served on the committee in the impeachment proceedings of former Presidents Bill Clinton in 1998 and Richard Nixon in 1974.[118]

Elections

2016

See also: Michigan's 13th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent John Conyers, Jr. (D) defeated Jeff Gorman (R), Tiffany Hayden (L), and Sam Johnson (Working Class) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Conyers defeated Janice Winfrey in the Democratic primary on August 2, 2016.[119][120][121][122]

U.S. House, Michigan District 13 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers, Jr. Incumbent 77.1% 198,771
     Republican Jeff Gorman 15.7% 40,541
     Libertarian Tiffany Hayden 3.7% 9,648
     Working Class Sam Johnson 3.4% 8,835
     N/A Write-in 0% 2
Total Votes 257,797
Source: Michigan Secretary of State


U.S. House, Michigan District 13 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers Jr. Incumbent 60.8% 30,971
Janice Winfrey 39.2% 19,965
Total Votes 50,936
Source: Michigan Secretary of State

2014

See also: Michigan's 13th Congressional District elections, 2014

Conyers ran in the 2014 election for the U.S. House to represent Michigan's 13th District. Conyers won the Democratic nomination in the primary against Horace Sheffield on August 5, 2014. He defeated Jeff Gorman (R), Chris Sharer (Libertarian) and Sam Johnson (I) in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, Michigan District 13 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers, Jr. Incumbent 79.5% 132,710
     Republican Jeff Gorman 16.3% 27,234
     Libertarian Chris Sharer 2.1% 3,537
     Independent Sam Johnson 2.1% 3,466
Total Votes 166,947
Source: Michigan Secretary of State
U.S. House, Michigan District 13 Democratic Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers, Jr. Incumbent 86.3% 42,005
Horace Sheffield 13.7% 6,696
Total Votes 48,701
Source: Michigan Secretary of State

Ballot controversy

On May 13, 2014, the Wayne County Clerk, Cathy Garrett, announced that the signatures coming from two of Conyers' petition circulators were invalid, disqualifying him from the August 5 primary ballot. It was later discovered that one of Conyers' petitioners was a fugitive with a criminal record.[123][124][125][126]

On May 23, 2014, a federal judge overturned the original decision. Because of this, Conyers was reinstated on the ballot.
The judge said in his ruling: "There is evidence that their failure to comply with the Registration Statute was the result of good faith mistakes and that they believed they were in compliance with the statute."[127]

2012

See also: Michigan's 13th Congressional District elections, 2012

Conyers won re-election in the 2012 election for the U.S. House, representing Michigan's 13th District.[128] He defeated Glenn Anderson, Bert Johnson, John Goci and Shanelle Jackson in the August 7 Democratic primary. He then defeated Harry T. Sawicki (R), Chris Sharer (L) and Martin Gray (UST) in the general election on November 6, 2012.[129]

John Conyers, Jr., "This is John Conyers "[130]
U.S. House, Michigan District 13 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers, Jr. Incumbent 82.8% 235,336
     Republican Harry T. Sawicki 13.6% 38,769
     Libertarian Chris Sharer 2.1% 6,076
     UST Martin Gray 1.4% 4,089
Total Votes 284,270
Source: Michigan Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"
U.S. House, Michigan District 13 Democratic Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Conyers, Jr. 55.4% 38,371
Glenn Anderson 18.2% 12,586
Shanelle Jackson 12.6% 8,708
Bert Johnson 10% 6,928
John Goci 3.8% 2,664
Total Votes 69,257


Full history


Campaign themes

2012

  • Conyers highlighted the issue of Healthcare on his campaign website:

"It is my belief that the best way to create an efficient, cost effective, and high quality universal health care system in the United States is to pass H.R. 676, and establish a nonprofit universal single payer program that would be similar to an improved 'Medicare for all' program."[156]

2016

The following issues were listed on Conyers' campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“
  • Protecting Social Security and Medicare: During his decades of service in Congress, Representative Conyers has led the fight to protect and strengthen Social Security and Medicare from cuts and privatization schemes. He understands these benefits have been earned over a lifetime of hard work and that our country must honor its promises to our seniors. He is a sponsor of H. Con. Res. 72, which states that Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security benefit cuts should not be part of any deal in Congress aimed at reducing the deficit.
  • Affordable Health Care For All: Representative Conyers is a strong supporter of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The health care reform bill has improved the lives of seniors, young adults, small businesses, and many others in Southeast Michigan and has taken power away from insurance companies and given it to patients and doctors.
  • Creating Jobs in Southeast Michigan: Representative Conyers is dedicated to putting people back to work in Southeast Michigan. He has repeatedly opposed trade agreements like NAFTA that have killed American jobs and while providing little economic benefit in return.
  • Education and the Arts: Representative Conyers has fought to ensure equal access to quality education for Southeast Michigan’s students. This has included introducing and co-sponsoring bills to save and create jobs for hundreds of thousands of teachers, fighting against cuts to school nutrition programs, and promoting efforts to keep our community safe for our children. Representative Conyers is deeply concerned about inequities in our school system and has pushed to increase funding for school districts with high concentrations of poverty.
  • Peace and Security: As critical as our military strength is to protecting American interests abroad, the use of military force should always be our final option, not our first. We must always have an aggressive, proactive diplomatic presence in areas of potential conflict and seek to use our influence to avert conflict. Putting our men and women in uniform in harm’s way should never be taken lightly or undertaken for the wrong reasons.

[157]

”
—John Conyers' campaign website, https://www.johnconyers.com/issues#.V5iV39BZTt4

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

John Conyers, Jr. campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2016U.S. House, Michigan District 13Won $604,078 N/A**
2014U.S. House (Michigan, District 13)Won $778,668 N/A**
2012U.S. House Michigan District 13Won $1,044,468 N/A**
2010U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $1,137,010 N/A**
2008U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $1,096,282 N/A**
2006U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $1,069,653 N/A**
2004U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $560,101 N/A**
2002U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $410,787 N/A**
2000U.S. House Michigan District 14Won $574,559 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Conyers' net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $-15,000 and $-10,000. That averages to $-12,500, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Conyers ranked as the 108th most wealthy representative in 2012.[158] Between 2004 and 2012, Conyers' calculated net worth[159] decreased by an average of 98 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[160]

John Conyers, Jr. Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$1,824
2012$−12,500
Growth from 2004 to 2012:−785%
Average annual growth:−98%[161]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[162]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Conyers is the ranking member of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Judiciary. Conyers received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 1989-2014, 32.96 percent of Conyers' career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[163]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
John Conyers Jr. (Michigan U.S. House representative) Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $8,176,962
Total Spent $8,067,049
Ranking member of the House Committee on Judiciary
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms$936,507
TV/Movies/Music$719,281
Public Sector Unions$391,363
Building Trade Unions$325,350
Industrial Unions$322,250
% total in top industry11.45%
% total in top two industries20.25%
% total in top five industries32.96%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Conyers was a far-left Democratic leader as of June 2013.[164] This was the same rating Conyers received in July 2014.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[165]

Conyers most often voted with:

Conyers least often voted with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Conyers missed 4,863 of 27,697 roll call votes from January 1965 to September 2015. This amounted to 17.6 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[166]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Conyers paid his congressional staff a total of $1,172,123 in 2011. He ranked 19th on the list of the highest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 22nd overall of the highest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Michigan ranked 13th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[167]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Conyers ranked 20th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[168]

2012

Conyers was ranked 1st in the liberal rankings in 2012. Thirteen other representatives across the country held this ranking. This is the most liberal ranking held by any of Michigan's representatives.[169]

2011

Conyers ranked 51st in the liberal rankings in 2011.[170]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Conyers voted with the Democratic Party 91.6 percent of the time, which ranked 137th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.[171]

2013

Conyers voted with the Democratic Party 93.7 percent of the time, which ranked 146th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[172]

2016 Democratic National Convention

Noteworthy events

Resignation following sexual misconduct allegations (2017)

See also: Sexual assault and harassment in American politics (2017-2018)

Conyers resigned from Congress on December 5, 2017, amid allegations he had groped or sexually harassed at least three women. In a speech on the House floor, Conyers said he was resigning "to preserve my legacy and good name."[181]

On November 20, 2017, it was reported that Conyers had made repeated advances toward female staffers. Buzzfeed released an account of a female staffer who settled a wrongful dismissal complaint in 2015. "In her complaint, the former employee said Conyers repeatedly asked her for sexual favors and often asked her to join him in a hotel room. On one occasion, she alleges that Conyers asked her to work out of his room for the evening, but when she arrived the congressman started talking about his sexual desires," Buzzfeed reported.[182]

"One of my duties while working for Rep. Conyers was to keep a list of women that I assumed he was having affairs with and call them at his request and, if necessary, have them flown in using Congressional resources," a second former female staffer stated during her affidavit.[183]

Conyers denied having settled the 2015 complaint and told the Associated Press that he "knows nothing about any claims of inappropriate touching."[184]

On November 26, 2017, Rep. Conyers announced that he was stepping down as ranking member of the House Judiciary Committee, while the House Ethics Committee investigates the allegations of sexual misconduct against him.[185][186] Also on November 26, 2017, Politico reported that House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi supported Conyers' decision to step down as ranking member of the House Judiciary Committee.[187] In an interview on NBC's Meet The Press, Pelosi said, "We are strengthened by due process. Just because someone is accused -- and was it one accusation? Is it two? I think there has to be -- John Conyers is an icon in our country...But the fact is, as John reviews his case, which he knows, which I don’t, I believe he will do the right thing.[188]

On November 28, 2017, The Detroit News reported that a third woman, Deanna Maher, who worked as one of Conyers' congressional aides from 1997 to 2005, had come forward accusing him of several unwanted sexual advances toward her, including inappropriate touching, in the late 1990s.[189]

On November 30, 2017, several members of the U.S. House called on Conyers to resign: Pelosi, Rep. James Clyburn (S.C.), the third-ranking Democrat in the House, and Rep. Joseph Crowley (N.Y.), the fourth-ranking Democrat in the House.[190][191] Conyers' attorney, Arnold Reed, responded to those calls for resignation, saying that Pelosi "sure as hell won't be the one to tell the congressman to leave."[192]

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Conyers had two sons with his wife, Monica (nee Esters).[193]

Recent news

This section links to a Google news search for the term John + Conyers + Michigan + House

John Conyers News Feed

See also

External links

 

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "U.S. Rep. John Conyers announces retirement from Congress," December 5, 2017
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fox 2 Detroit, "Former Congressman John Conyers passes away," October 27, 2019
  3. ↑ Biographical Guide to Members of Congress, "John Conyers, Jr." accessed December 23, 2011
  4. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "CONYERS, John, Jr., (1929 - )," accessed February 10, 2015
  5. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  6. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015
  7. ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  8. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "House of Representatives Committee Assignments," accessed December 23, 2011
  9. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  10. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  11. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  12. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  13. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  14. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  15. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  16. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  17. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  18. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  19. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  20. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  21. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  22. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  23. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  24. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  25. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  26. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  27. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  28. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  29. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  30. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  31. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  32. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  33. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  34. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  35. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  36. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  37. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  38. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  39. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  40. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  41. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  42. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  43. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  44. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  45. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  46. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  47. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  48. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  49. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  50. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  51. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  52. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  53. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  54. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  55. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  56. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  57. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  58. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  59. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  60. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  62. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  65. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  66. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  67. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  68. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  71. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  72. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  73. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  75. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  76. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  77. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  79. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  80. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  81. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  82. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  83. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  84. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  85. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  86. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  87. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  88. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  89. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  90. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  91. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  92. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1960 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  93. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 2217 - DHS Appropriations Act of 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  94. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 624 - CISPA (2013) - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  95. ↑ Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014
  96. ↑ Politico, "House clears Farm Bill," accessed February 12, 2014
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled Farm Bill, with clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014
  100. ↑ Roll Call, "Omnibus Sails Through the Senate," January 16, 2014
  101. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  102. ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
  103. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  104. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  105. ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
  106. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  107. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 16, 2013
  108. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  109. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  110. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  111. ↑ U.S. House.gov, "Full Member List of Congressional Snap Challenge," accessed September 25, 2013 (dead link)
  112. ↑ Feeding America, "Taking the SNAP Challenge," accessed September 25, 2013
  113. ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  114. ↑ The Daily Caller, "Durbin: Not Ready To Endorse Hillary," April 22, 2015
  115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 "Black Americans in Congress" Committee Assignments(See Judiciary)
  116. ↑ "House Judiciary Committee", "Biography of Chairman John Conyers," accessed January 15, 2013 (dead link)
  117. ↑ NBC News, "Rep. John Conyers steps down from committee leadership position amid harassment accusations," November 26, 2017
  118. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bio
  119. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed April 20, 2016
  120. ↑ Politico, "Michigan House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
  121. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed September 6, 2016
  122. ↑ CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 8, 2016
  123. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Petition worker for U.S. Rep John Conyers is a fugitive," May 9, 2014
  124. ↑ Huffington Post, "Long-Serving Congressman John Conyers May Not Make It On The Primary Ballot," May 2, 2014
  125. ↑ Washington Post, "Wait, John Conyers was ruled ineligible for the ballot after 50 years in office?" May 13, 2014
  126. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named facts
  127. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Federal judge puts U.S. Rep. John Conyers back on primary ballot," May 23, 2014
  128. ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Michigan," accessed August 6, 2012
  129. ↑ Associated Press, "2012 primary results," accessed November 7, 2012
  130. ↑ YouTube channel
  131. ↑ John Conyers, Jr., "Press Releases," accessed October 9, 2012 (dead link)
  132. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  133. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  134. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  135. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  136. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  137. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
  138. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  139. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
  140. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
  141. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
  142. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
  143. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1988," accessed March 28, 2013
  144. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986," accessed March 28, 2013
  145. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1984," accessed March 28, 2013
  146. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982," accessed March 28, 2013
  147. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1980," accessed March 28, 2013
  148. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978," accessed March 28, 2013
  149. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1976," accessed March 28, 2013
  150. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1974," accessed March 28, 2013
  151. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1972," accessed March 28, 2013
  152. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1970," accessed March 28, 2013
  153. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1968," accessed March 28, 2013
  154. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1966," accessed March 28, 2013
  155. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1964," accessed March 28, 2013
  156. ↑ John Conyers, Jr., "Healthcare," accessed October 9, 2012 (dead link)
  157. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  158. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Conyers, (D-MI), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  159. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
  160. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  161. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  162. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  163. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. John Conyers," accessed September 25, 2014
  164. ↑ GovTrack, "John Conyers, Jr.," accessed July 30, 2014
  165. ↑ OpenCongress, "John Conyers," archived March 4, 2016
  166. ↑ GovTrack, "John Conyers," accessed October 19, 2015
  167. ↑ LegiStorm, "John Conyers," accessed June 13, 2013
  168. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed July 30, 2014
  169. ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," February 26, 2013
  170. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  171. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  172. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  173. ↑ Ballotpedia's list of superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention is based on our own research and lists provided by the Democratic National Committee to Vox.com in February 2016 and May 2016. If you think we made an error in identifying superdelegates, please send an email to [email protected].
  174. ↑ Five Thirty Eight, “The Endorsement Primary,” June 7, 2016
  175. ↑ To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at [email protected].
  176. ↑ Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015
  177. ↑ CNN, "Michigan exit polls," March 8, 2016
  178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 Democratic National Committee, "2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate/Alternate Allocation," updated February 19, 2016
  179. ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
  180. ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
  181. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "U.S. Rep. John Conyers announces retirement from Congress," December 5, 2017
  182. ↑ Buzzfeed, "She Said A Powerful Congressman Harassed Her. Here’s Why You Didn’t Hear Her Story," November 20, 2017
  183. ↑ The Hill, "Ryan calls sexual harassment allegations against Rep. Conyers 'extremely troubling,'" accessed November 21, 2017
  184. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Michigan Rep. John Conyers denies sexual harassment settlements," November 21, 2017
  185. ↑ The Hill, "Conyers stepping aside as ranking Dem on House Judiciary Committee," November 26, 2017
  186. ↑ ABC, "Conyers steps aside as ranking member of Judiciary Committee amid sexual harassment allegations," November 26, 2017
  187. ↑ POLITCO, "Conyers allegations put Pelosi in tight spot," November 27, 2017
  188. ↑ NBC News, "Meet the Press - November 26, 2017," November 26, 2017
  189. ↑ The Detroit News, "Second ex-staffer accuses Conyers of sexual harassment," November 28, 2017
  190. ↑ CNN, "Nancy Pelosi calls on John Conyers to resign," November 30, 2017
  191. ↑ The Washington Post, "Top Democrats call on Conyers to resign over sexual harassment allegations," November 30, 2017
  192. ↑ Star Tribune, "The Latest: Ex-Conyers staffer says she'd testify if asked," November 30, 2017
  193. ↑ Official House Site, "Biography," accessed December 24, 2011
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