Intervention

People migrate to improve their well-being, whether through an expansion of economic and social opportunities or a reduction in persecution. Yet a large literature suggests that migration can be a very stressful process, with potentially negative impacts on mental health reducing the net benefits of migration. However, to truly understand the effect of migration on mental health one must compare the mental health of migrants to what their mental health would have been had they stayed in their home country. The existing literature is not able to do this and typically settles for comparing the mental health of migrants to that of natives in the destination country,which takes no account of any pre-existing differences between these groups. This paper overcomes the selection problems affecting previous studies of the effect of migration on mental health by examining a migrant lottery program. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a lottery used to choose amo...

This article investigates children’s views on providing peer support to bereaved children. The data (pre- and postinterviews and written documents) come from an action research study of a teacher–researcher and her 16 children aged 10–11 years old. Analysis of the data shows children’s ideas on supporting a bereaved child and how this support should be provided, taking into consideration various factors such as the relationship with the bereaved and the role of memories. The paper emphasizes that children should have structured opportunities across the whole-school curriculum to learn how loss affects people’s lives to support themselves and others.

Despite their other theoretical differences, virtually all scholars of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) agree that the organization's members share an almost religious commitment to the norm of non-intervention. This article disrupts this consensus, arguing that ASEAN repeatedly intervened in Cambodia's internal political conflicts from 1979 to 1999, often with powerful and destructive effects. ASEAN's role in maintaining Khmer Rouge occupancy of Cambodia's UN seat, constructing a new coalition government in exile, manipulating Khmer refugee camps and informing the content of the Cambodian peace process will be explored, before turning to the 'creeping conditionality' for ASEAN membership imposed after the 1997 'coup' in Phnom Penh. The article argues for an analysis recognizing the political nature of intervention, and seeks to explain both the creation of non-intervention norms and specific violations of them as attempts by ASEAN elites to maintain their own illiberal, capitalist regimes against domestic and international political threats.
[the full version is available via my website, https://www.leejones.tk]

Poor handwriting has been shown to be associated with developmental disorders such as Developmental Coordination Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, autism, and learning disorders. Handwriting difficulties could lead to academic underachievement and poor self-esteem. Therapeutic intervention has been shown to be effective in treating children with poor handwriting, making early identification critical. The SOS test (Systematic Screening for Handwriting Difficulties) has been developed for this purpose. A child copies a sample of writing within 5 min. Handwriting quality is evaluated using six criteria and writing speed is measured. The Dutch SOS test was administered to 860 Flemish children (7-12 years). Inter-and intrarater reliability was excellent. Test-retest reliability was moderate. A correlation coefficient of 0.70 between SOS and "Concise Assessment Methods of Children Handwriting" test (Dutch version) confirmed convergent validity. The SOS allowed discrimination between typically developing children and children in special education, males and females, and different age groups.

The focus of this paper is on the integration of artistic techniques within the feld of gestalt therapy.
From a humanistic and phenomenological framework, this paper focuses on how these techniques
can enhance mental well-being and therapeutic change. Through the exploration of past research,
both from gestalt therapy and art therapy literature, art is viewed either as a vehicle towards verbalization or as an entity on its own. During Art therapy, a piece of art is created however the focus
and subsequent in depth exploration is on the creative process itself, within the therapeutic relationship. During this exploration, art is used as the ground to facilitate and enhance the expression
of individuals' feelings in therapy. Through this manner art can be used in gestalt therapy to help
an individual become aware of unconscious processes in order to creatively adjust to the present
moment. Whilst tapping on the emotional processes, the client can experience direct, reality-based
and immediate responses. One can say that both gestalt therapy and art therapy focus on the
therapeutic process that is created in between the therapist and client.

Resumo. Este ensaio-teórico tem por objetivo apresentar elementos para uma reflexão sobre a contribuição da pesquisa intervencionista para o desenvolvimento dos estudos científicos no âmbito dos mestrados profissionais da área de gestão. Este objetivo é buscado por meio de reflexões críticas inspiradas pela experiência dos autores que atuam como professores/pesquisadores em cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil, apoiadas na literatura e regulação pertinentes. Assim, ao abordarmos este instigante tema, visamos levantar questionamentos e reflexões que conduzam os leitores a reflexões mais profundas, como forma de promover a transferência contínua de conhecimento entre a academia e o mercado, com efetividade. Vislumbra-se, na realidade atual acadêmica brasileira, ainda a necessidade de quebra de paradigma em relação a aceitação da pesquisa de natureza intervencionista, como método científico de pesquisa. Os mestrados profissionais se revestem de um propicio laboratório, que poderá contribuir para este fato, na medida em que os estudos/conhecimentos gerados mostrem-se úteis e aplicáveis. Palavras-chave: Mestrado Profissional. Pesquisa Qualitativa. Pesquisa Intervencionista. Abstract. This essay aims to present elements for a reflection on the contribution of interventional research methodology to the development of scientific studies in the professional master courses in management. This objective is pursued through criticism inspired by the experience of the authors as professors / researchers in professional and academic post-graduation courses in Brazil; in the literature about the matter and in the corresponding regulation. Thus, we aim to raise questions and reflections that lead readers to deeper reflections as a way to promote the continuous transfer

Since the original Pygmalion study, there have been very few interventions in the teacher expectation field and none that have been randomized control trials designed to change teacher practices to reflect those of high expectation teachers. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature. Teachers (N = 84) were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Those in the intervention group attended four workshops at which were presented the instructional strategies and practices of high expectation teachers. At each workshop, the intervention group planned changed practices to introduce to their classrooms modelled on the behaviours of high expectation teachers. The researchers visited the teachers on three further occasions to ensure fidelity of the implementation. Students in the classes of the intervention group teachers significantly improved their mathematics achievement over one year, showing a rate of improvement beyond that shown by the students of the control group teachers. Teachers reported high levels of satisfaction with their changed practices and overall, there was a demonstrable degree of integrity in the implementation of the intervention as measured by the researchers. Practical guidelines in relation to the intervention and future directions of the project are included.

► Attachment as biobehavioral system offers a valuable perspective on aging. ► We provide a qualitative review of empirical research from 1983 to 2012. ► Number and type of attachment figures, but also quality of attachment alter. ► Attachment has an impact on psychosocial functioning in old age. ► Methodological limitations preclude drawing strong conclusions.

The purpose of this article is to describe features of interventions that are empirically validated for use with first-grade students at risk for reading disabilities who are English language learners (ELLs) and whose home language is Spanish. The empirical evidence supporting these interventions is summarized. Interventions for improving oral language and reading abilities with struggling readers who are ELLs taught in either Spanish or English are described as a means to assist school districts and teachers in defining and implementing effective interventions for ELLs at risk for reading difficulties. The interventions described may be useful to educators seeking information about Response to Intervention as a means of identifying ELLs who require services for learning disabilities.

Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), a well-established, evidence-based treatment for children who have experienced trauma, has been increasingly utilized in a group format. Group therapy formats are appealing because they can be highly effective and have the potential to reach larger numbers of clients. Moreover, TF-CBT group delivery may be particularly valuable in reducing the feelings of shame, isolation, and stigma experienced by youth and their caregivers in the aftermath of traumatic experiences. This article reviews the group TF-CBT research, discusses the therapeutic benefits of TF-CBT therapy groups, and provides clinical and logistical guidance for implementing TF-CBT in group format, including a session-by-session protocol. Future directions for research and clinical work in this area are also discussed.

Research has shown that mindfulness-based treatment interventions may be effective for a range of mental and physical health disorders in adult populations, but little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions for treating adolescent conditions. The present randomized clinical trial was designed to assess the effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for adolescents age 14 to 18 years with heterogeneous diagnoses in an outpatient psychiatric facility (intent-to-treat N ϭ 102). Relative to treatment-as-usual control participants, those receiving MBSR self-reported reduced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatic distress, and increased self-esteem and sleep quality. Of clinical significance, the MBSR group showed a higher percentage of diagnostic improvement over the 5-month study period and significant increases in global assessment of functioning scores relative to controls, as rated by condition-naïve clinicians. These results were found in both completer and intent-to-treat samples. The findings provide evidence that MBSR may be a beneficial adjunct to outpatient mental health treatment for adolescents.

This draft chapter on the application of jus contra bellum to issues of cybersecurity is divided in three main parts. The first part is devoted to the political context and institutional framework relevant to the emergence of debates on the issue of the hostile use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The opposing approaches of some Western States and a group of States comprising, among others, China and Russia are exposed. This divide concerns not only the interpretation of international law as it stands (lex lata), but also the preferred policies designed to cope with the risks posed by computer network attacks (CNAs). In this regard, whereas Russia, despite huge challenges, champions the disarmament approach, the United States and other like-minded States express satisfaction with the law as it stands, even though important uncertainties subsist surrounding the precise modalities of application of jus contra bellum in the context of ICTs.

The second part deals with the notion of ‘force’ under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and its applicability to CNAs. While the text of the Charter leaves open the possibility to interpret the concept as encompassing coercive measures beyond purely military means, subsequent practice tends to support the view that this is not the case. Thus, measures of economic coercion—although prohibited by other rules and principles of international law—do not fall in the material scope of application of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. As far as cyberattacks are concerned, the applicability of said provision is supported by a substantive body of verbal State practice and remains virtually unopposed. It seems therefore, that subsequent practice buttresses the idea that the prohibition of the use of force applies to cyber-attacks that have equivalent effects to that of more classic military operations. Caution is nevertheless called for in this regard, as no precedent has given raise to explicit invocations of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter up to this day. CNAs directed against critical infrastructure, however, do not amount per se as uses of force if they do not cause damages comparable to conventional military operations.

In the orthodox understanding as it notably ensues from the case law of the International Court of Justice as well as State practice, the application of the right of self-defence—being the focus of attention of the third part of this draft chapter—, requires an ‘armed attack’ reaching a certain threshold of gravity. Although the United States of America reject this requirement, their view remains fairly isolated. It is certainly possible to conceive of CNAs that would reach such a threshold of gravity and some States have expressly affirmed this view. But here again, there is no decisive precedent to this date. The problems of the use of proxies and the technical difficulties in collecting evidence of attribution of CNAs to third States pose huge challenges. The conditions of necessity and proportionality of the reaction pose also some problems that are specific to the field of ICTs. It is submitted, in conclusion of this chapter that the abovementioned paralysis of the debate in the UN is caused by attempts, on behalf of the United States of America, to mention the right of self-defence without, at the same time, agreeing on the conditions and modalities of applications of such right. Major disagreements seem indeed to subsist concerning CNAs committed by non-State actors, the evidentiary thresholds as well as the temporal application of the right of self-defence—some States forcefully arguing for the permissibility of preventive self-defence.

Age-related challenges to health and well-being among older adults give rise to a distinctive array of risk factors for suicide, calling for a unique approach to suicide interventions. Americans over the age of 65 are disproportionally overrepresented in the number of completed suicides. This paper examines the epidemiology of geriatric suicide, reviews age-specific risk factors for suicide, discusses interventional modalities for use with suicidal older adults, and describes the role of the counselor in geriatric suicide interventions. In particular, we focus on a gerocounseling perspective to guide strategies for intervening with older adults contemplating suicide. This model utilizes a multidisciplinary approach derived from the integration of physical, psychological, and sociological aspects of aging. Additionally we consider the potential for emerging therapeutic models promoting resilience, sense of coherence, and dignity to be incorporated into counseling services for older adults. Specific therapies discussed include Cognitive Reappraisal, Reminiscence Therapy, and Dignity Therapy. We conclude with a discussion of the potential application of the principles of palliative care in designing and implementing holistic approaches to counseling older adults presenting with suicidal ideation. Background Suicide is a phenomenon of public significance with implications on the personal, interpersonal, and institutional levels of society. Of considerable concern is the fact that the highest rates of suicide occur among older adults and the recognition that with the aging of the baby boom population this may be a problem of increasing magnitude (Van Orden & Conwell, 2011). While theorists and practitioners have contributed to our knowledge of the origins, manifestations, and management of suicidal behavior, there are unique challenges in intervention strategies when working with older adults. As scientists have explored the predisposing and precipitating factors associated with suicide, health care professionals have developed medical and psychosocial modalities for use in suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention.

Child maltreatment is widespread and has a tremendous impact on child victims and their families. Over the past decade, definitions of child maltreatment have been developed that are operationalized, face valid, and can be reliably applied in clinical settings. These definitions have informed the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and are being considered for the International Classification of Disease-11 (World Health Organization). Now that these definitions are available in major diagnostic systems, primary healthcare providers and clinicians who see children and families are poised to help screen for, identify, prevent, and treat child maltreatment. This article reviews the definitions of maltreatment in these diagnostic systems, along with assessment and screening tools, and empirically supported prevention and intervention approaches.

Objectification theory provides an important framework for understanding, researching, and intervening to improve women's lives in a sociocultural context that sexually objectifies the female body and equates a woman's worth with her body's appearance and sexual functions. The purpose of this Major Contribution is to advance theory, research, practice, and training related to the sexual objectification of women. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to objectification theory and related research, extend objectification theory to our understanding of women's substance use and/or abuse and immersed forms of sexual objectification via sexually objectifying environments, and provide an overview of this Major Contribution on Sexual Objectification of Women.

Purpose-Workplace mistreatment has a negative impact on the health and well-being of approximately 20 per cent of workers. Despite this, few interventions have been evaluated and published. The purpose of this paper is to address the question "what interventions designed to reduce workplace bullying or incivility are effective and what can be learnt from evaluated interventions for future practice?" Design/methodology/approach-A systematic review was undertaken in which 11 electronic databases were searched, yielding 5,364 records. Following screening on abstract and title, 31 papers were retained for detailed review and quality assessment. Subsequently, 12 interventions to address workplace bullying or incivility were critically appraised. Findings-The papers spanned a wide range of approaches to and assumptions about resolving the problem of bullying and/or incivility. Half the studies focused on changing individual behaviours or knowledge about bullying or incivility, and duration of intervention ranged from two hours to two years. Only four studies were controlled before-after studies. Only three studies were classed as "moderate" in terms of quality, two of which were effective and one of which was partially effective. Originality/value-A final synthesis of results of the review indicate that multi-component, organisational level interventions appear to have a positive effect on levels of incivility, and should be considered as a basis for developing interventions to address workplace bullying.

Abstract: Objectives: To assess self-esteem, loneliness and attachment styles among adolescents and examine their association with each other and with age and gender. Method: Adolescents (55 males and 55 females) from a public school in Delhi, aged 10-13 ...

This paper presents a new model of gratitude incorporating not only the gratitude that arises following help from others but also a habitual focusing on and appreciating the positive aspects of life", incorporating not only the gratitude that arises following help from others, but also a habitual focusing on and appreciating the positive aspects of life. Research into individual differences in gratitude and well-being is reviewed, including gratitude and psychopathology, personality, relationships, health, subjective and eudemonic wellbeing, and humanistically orientated functioning. Gratitude is strongly related to well-being, however defined, and this link may be unique and causal. Interventions to clinically increase gratitude are critically reviewed, and concluded to be promising, although the positive psychology literature may have neglected current limitations, and a distinct research strategy is suggested. Finally, mechanisms whereby gratitude may relate to well-being are discussed, including schematic biases, coping, positive affect, and broaden-and-build principles. Gratitude is relevant to clinical psychology due to (a) strong explanatory power in understanding well-being, and (b) the potential of improving well-being through fostering gratitude with simple exercises.

Since the turn of the millennium there has been a clear rise in the implementation and research of mindfulness across primary, secondary and postsecondary education. These implementations, however, hardly constitute a uniform phenomenon. They reflect a variety of framings, modalities and educational aims, as documented in hundreds of peer-reviewed papers. To date no overarching review has provided an empirically-based mapping of this multifaceted and rapidly developing discourse. This paper offers a first-of-its-kind map of mindfulness in education based on the 447 peer-reviewed papers published between 2002 and 2017 that constitute this academic discourse, applying grounded theory methodology. The research reveals an exponential rise in the amount of publications over years, with a complex discourse that evolves from seven different framings of the practice, applied to nine different educational domains and through various types of implementation. It maps this complexity and outlines two main patterns that reflects this discourse to date: a) Mindfulness in education, which comprises mostly of outsourced, secularized interventions aimed at improved mental-physical health, social-emotional learning and cognitive functions. b) Mindfulness as education, which is a more transformative strand characterized by contemplative pedagogy in higher education and sporadic whole-school implementations. Overall, in the studied period mindfulness has been moving from near-anonymity toward the mainstream; however, this discourse reflects a nascent phase given that it is only beginning to critique itself. Furthermore, its two patterns reflect a split discourse that is challenged by the practice's psychological-secular framing and its Buddhist framing.

Depression is a serious disease affecting an individual's entire life-situation, which can lead to great suffering and a reduced level of activity in everyday life. The aim of this study is to explore and describe how art therapy works for clients with depression. A systematic literature search of relevant databases was carried out to find articles concerning art therapy for depression, meeting criteria for reproducibility. This yielded 16 articles published in seven journals. The art therapy methods employed in each selected study were then examined and compared in order to understand the healing mechanism or mechanisms. These healing mechanisms are here termed "therapeutic factors". The analysis resulted in eight therapeutic factors: self-exploration, self-expression, communication, understanding and explanation, integration, symbolic thinking, creativity, and sensory stimulation. No general conclusions could be drawn regarding circumstances, but the results indicate that art therapy can be performed successfully in a wide variety of clinical situations. The results are discussed in relation to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for depression.

Επιβλέπουσα Καθηγήτρια: ΝΑΣΚΟΥ-ΠΕΡΡΑΚΗ Παρασκευή Τηλ.: 2310 891499 Email: [email protected] Β΄ Μέλος Εξεταστικής Επιτροπής: ΜΠΕΛΛΟΥ ΦωτεινήΤηλ.: 2310 891479 Email: [email protected]
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<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/"><img alt="Άδεια Creative Commons" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/88x31.png" /></a><br />Αυτό το εργασία χορηγείται με άδεια <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/">Creative Commons Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα </a>."

Λέξεις Κλειδιά:

ασφάλεια, ειρήνη, τάξη, σταθερότητα, ισχύς, συνεργασία, συγκρούσεις, περιπτωσιολογικές μελέτες, φάσμα, εκκρεμές, πλαίσιο, πρίσμα, νομιμότητα, νομιμοποίηση, δόγμα, στρατηγική αντίληψη, σύστημα, ηγεμονία, αρχή, επέμβαση, ευθύνη, προστασία"

Συμπέρανα ότι, το ΝΑΤΟ μετεξελίσσεται σε οργανισμό που έχει τα χαρακτηριστικά ενός διεθνούς περιφερειακού οργανισμού, σε παγκόσμια όμως διάσταση, όπου με βάση το δόγμα "Ευθύνη Προστασίας" (Responsibility to Protect), αναλαμβάνει ρόλο χωροφύλακα, που επιδιώκει τη διασφάλιση της διεθνούς ασφάλειας και του εσωτερικού τομέα ασφαλείας, σε οριακές συγκρούσεις ανά την υφήλιο, πχ Βοσνία, Κόσσοβο, Λιβύη και προσεχώς Συρία."

There is a thrust among universities to provide a flexible learning environment and diversify methods of teaching and delivery for students. The increasing popularity of online learning programs has generated much interest among both practitioners and researchers, particularly with regard to the predictors of learning outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of various policy-related interventions aimed at increasing student retention in online programs. Data was gathered from a live online program to support an initial report on the effectiveness of these interventions. The analysis examines the trends of student noncompletion in an online program following the implementation of policy interventions. The results indicate that many widely held "best practices" in student retention have very little support from the data. The discussion considers some explanations for why the data do not support the dominant theory about these "best practices".

Sociometric nominations and ratings assessed peers' perceptions of supportive and conflicted teacher-student relationships, evaluations of children's positive and negative attributes, and peer-rated liking. Participants were 993 third-and fourthgrade children. Girls obtained higher Teacher Support and lower Teacher Conflict scores compared with boys. The pattern of correlations between teacher-student relationship scores and other peer evaluations was comparable across genders. Both Teacher Support and Teacher Conflict made independent contributions to peer evaluations of children's competencies and acceptance of children. Teacher Support contributes to the prediction of social preference scores beyond that predicted by peer nominations of aggression. Teacher ratings of aggression were available for a subsample of 71 behaviorally at-risk children. For this subsample, Teacher Support predicted social preference scores after controlling for both peer nominations of aggression and teacher ratings of aggression. Peers' perceptions of Teacher Support may function as an "affective bias," influencing both perceptions of child competencies and liking for the child. Implications of these findings for classroom-based interventions with peer-rejected children are discussed.

Background: Community pharmacy (CP) is a setting with health promotion and public health potential which could include strategies with a nutrition promotion focus. Research embedded in this setting has explored and produced evidence to inform practice change to develop this potential. The experience of undertaking research in this setting may provide insight into the challenges and key features of intervention research practice. Exploring experienced-based knowledge presents as a productive area of research, extending what can be known beyond the bounds of what is measurable. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the experience of intervention research in CP with a focus on nutrition and to develop guidance for future research practice (intervention design and implementation) in CP based on interventionists' reflections and practice wisdom. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 researchers with experience in undertaking intervention research in CP with a nutrition component. Content analysis, constant comparison and interpretive description were used in the analysis and interpretation of interview data. Results: Five key lessons were identified-1) utilize existing capacity; 2) navigate and utilize social power and interests; 3) personalize engagement and recruitment; 4) consider the logistics and 5) intervention type considerations. Key challenges for translating research into practice and sustaining change included financial sustainability, physical constraints, logistics, collaboration, and practice change enablers. Personal reflections on research practice identified qualities, such as determination and skills in networking, as key for researching in CP. Conclusions: CP-embedded research is challenging given the complexity of the practice environment. The social context of CP appears central to intervention research and a nuanced understanding of the social context needs to be the basis for intervention design to inform successful implementation. Experiencebased and insider knowledge is useful and needed for nuanced design and development of intervention research in CP.

Research indicates that exercise is an efficacious intervention for depression among adults; however, little is known regarding its efficacy for preventing postpartum depression. The Healthy Mom study was a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an exercise intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression. Specifically, postpartum women with a history of depression or a maternal family history of depression (n=130) were randomly assigned to a telephone-based exercise intervention or a wellness/support contact control condition each lasting six months. The exercise intervention was designed to motivate postpartum women to exercise based on Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model. The primary dependent variable was depression based on the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview (SCID). Secondary dependent variables included scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the PHQ-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The purpose of this paper is to describe the study design, methodology, and baseline data for this trial. Upon completion of the trial, the results will yield important information about the efficacy of exercise in preventing postpartum depression.

The Association of American Medical Colleges has encouraged educators to investigate proper linkage of simulation experiences with medical curricula. The authors aimed to determine if student knowledge and satisfaction differ between participation in web-based and manikin simulations for learning shock physiology and treatment and to determine if a specific training sequencing had a differential effect on learning. All 40 second-year medical students participated in a randomized, counterbalanced study with two interventions: group 1 ( n = 20) participated in a web-based simulation followed by a manikin simulation and group 2 ( n = 20) participated in reverse order. Knowledge and attitudes were documented. Mixed-model ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time ( F1,38 = 18.6, P &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.33). Group 1 scored significantly higher on quiz 2 (81.5%) than on quiz 1 (74.3%, t19 = 3.9, P = 0.001), for an observed difference of 7.2% (95% confidence interval: 3.3, 11.0). Mean...

Aim: Existing literature links poor sleep and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.This pilot study aimed to develop a practical method through which a program to improve sleep could reach adolescents in need and to examine the feasibility of a mindfulness-based, multi-component group sleep intervention using sleep and anxiety as outcome measures.

To design a medical decision support system (MDSS) that would accurately predict the rehabilitation protocols prescribed by the physicians for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) using only their demographic and clinical characteristics. The demographic and clinical variables for 170 patients receiving one of three treatment protocols for knee OA were entered into the MDSS. Demographic variables in the model were age and sex. Clinical variables entered into the model were height, weight, BMI, affected side, severity of knee OA, and severity of pain. All patients in the study received one of three treatment protocols for patients with knee OA: (a) hot packs, followed by electrotherapy and exercise, (b) ice packs, followed by ultrasound and exercise and (c) exercise alone. The resilient back propagation artificial neural network algorithm was used, with a ten-fold cross-validation. It was estimated that the MDSS is able to accurately predict the treatment prescribed by the physician for 87% of the patients. We developed an artificial neural network-based decision support system that can viably aid physicians in determining which treatment protocol would best match the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients with knee OA. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Konzipierung eines Systems zur Unterstü tzung von medizinischen Entscheidungen (MDSS), das Ä rzten die akkurate Prognose der bei Patienten mit Gonarthrose verordneten Rehabilitation nur anhand ihrer demographischen und klinischen Eigenschaften erlaubt. Die demographischen und klinischen Variablen von 170 Patienten, die eine von drei Behandlungen fü r die Gonarthrose erhielten, wurden in das MDSS ü bertragen. Die demographischen Variablen in dem Modell waren Alter und Geschlecht. Die in das Modell ü bertragenen klinischen Variablen waren Kö rpergrö ße, Kö rpergewicht, BMI, betroffene Seite, Schweregrad der Gonarthrose und Schweregrad der Schmerzen. Alle Studienteilnehmer erhielten eine von drei Behandlungen fü r Patienten mit Gonarthrose: (a) Wä rmebehandlung, gefolgt von Elektrotherapie und Krankengymnastik, (b) Kä lte-Sofortkompressen, gefolgt von Ultraschall und Krankengymnastik, und (c) Krankengymnastik als Monotherapie. Angewandt wurde ein kü nstliches neuronales Netz auf der Basis des belastbaren Backpropagation-Algorithmus mit einer zehnfachen Kreuzvalidierung. Schä tzungen zufolge kann das MDSS die ä rztlich verordnete Therapie bei 87% der

As an educational intervention, academic acceleration is decidedly effective for high-ability students. The research support for acceleration that has accumulated over many decades is robust and consistent and allows us to confidently state that carefully planned acceleration decisions are successful. Both grade-based and content-based acceleration are effective interventions in academic and social-emotional domains for high-ability students. Grade-accelerated students generally outperform their chronologically older classmates academically, and both groups show approximately equal levels of social and emotional adjustment. Accelerated students should be expected to achieve, relative to their new grade peers, at a high level that is generally comparable to their performance in the previous grade. Such students are typically among the top 10% in a class, and they should be expected to remain in the top 10% throughout their academic careers. To be clear, there is no evidence that acce...

Over the past several years, increased interest in preventing youth problems and promoting healthy youth development has led youth and family practitioners, policy makers, and researchers to develop a wide range of approaches based on various theoretical frameworks. Although the growth in guiding frameworks has led to more complex models and a greater diversity in the options available to scholars and practitioners, the lack of an integrative conceptual scheme and consistent terminology has led to some confusion in the field. Here, we provide an overview of three approaches to youth development and problem prevention, critically examine their strengths and weaknesses, and offer some elaborations to help clarify, extend, and integrate the models. We conclude by discussing some general implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. I n recent years, efforts to address youth problems and enhance youth development have become increasingly more broad-based, involving fam...

Patients with severe aphasia are rarely treated using speech therapy. We used music therapy to continue to treat a 79-year-old patient with chronic severe aphasia. Interventions 1, 2, and 3 were to practice singing a song that the patient knew, to practice singing a song with a therapist, and to practice saying a greeting using a song with lyrics, respectively. In addition, practice of uttering names of body parts was initiated using touch and rhythm. After intervention 1, the patient could sing spontaneously and repeat lyrics. After intervention 2, she could sing with the therapist, and sing spontaneously and repeat lyrics. After intervention 3, she could memorize words with meaning, say the words in context, and use them. The patient could utter the names of two body parts after therapy with touch and rhythm. These suggest that rehabilitation therapy can still be used in patients with severe cognitive impairment.

Background: Despite the 1991 reforms of the health system in Zambia, mental health is still given low priority. This is evident from the fragmented manner in which mental health services are provided in the country and the limited budget allocations, with mental health services receiving 0.4% of the total health budget. Most of the mental health services provided are curative in nature and based in tertiary health institutions. At primary health care level, there is either absence of, or fragmented health services. Aims: The aim of this paper was to explore health providers' views about mental health integration into primary health care. Methods: A mixed methods, structured survey was conducted of 111 health service providers in primary health care centres, drawn from one urban setting (Lusaka) and one rural setting (Mumbwa). Results: There is strong support for integrating mental health into primary health care from care providers, as a way of facilitating early detection and intervention for mental health problems. Participants believed that this would contribute to the reduction of stigma and the promotion of human rights for people with mental health problems. However, health providers felt they require basic training in order to enhance their knowledge and skills in providing health care to people with mental health problems. Recommendations: It is recommended that health care providers should be provided with basic training in mental health in order to enhance their knowledge and skills to enable them provide mental health care to patients seeking help at primary health care level. Conclusion: Integrating mental health services into primary health care is critical to improving and promoting the mental health of the population in Zambia.

: The international community is often challenged with stabilizing failing states that are incapable of providing security, health, food and water to their citizens. Humanitarian concern about starvation, rapes, massacres, and oppression of the vulnerable in these states must be addressed. These states may also provide safe havens for terrorists and other groups that become threats to global security. The international community establishes complex missions with both a soft approach of providing only humanitarian aid and a stronger version that exercises binding power over local stakeholders. This thesis analyzes these complex international interventions and argues that missions with binding power are more successful. It begins with theoretical reasoning on why missions with binding power are expected to be successful and continues with empirical data through the comparison of 13 international missions in eight different countries. Five of these international interventions in three ...

Objectives. Current evidence shows that type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented by lifestyle changes and medication. To meet the menacing diabetes epidemic, there is an urgent need to translate the scientific evidence regarding prevention of T2D into daily clinical practice and public health. In Finland, a national programme for the prevention of T2D has been launched. The programme comprises 3 concurrent strategies for prevention: the population strategy, the high-risk strategy and the strategy of early diagnosis and management. The article describes the implementation strategy for the prevention programme for T2D. Methods. The implementation project, FIN-D2D, is being conducted in 5 hospital districts, covering a population of 1.5 million, during the years 2003-2007. The main actors in the FIN-D2D are primary and occupational health care providers. Results. The goals of the project are (1) to reduce the incidence and prevalence of T2D and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor levels; (2) to identify individuals who are unaware of their T2D; (3) to generate regional and local models and programmes for the prevention of T2D; (4) to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility and costs of the programme; and (5) to increase the awareness of T2D and its risk factors in the population and to support the population strategy of

ABSTRACT Children with motor difficulties are a very varied group. In order to target interventions more effectively researchers have attempted to identify specific sub‐groups; however, attempts to identify sub‐groups and provide interventions accordingly have met with limited success. Currently interventions can be classified into two main types, namely, general abilities and normative functional approaches. The current study outlines the Manchester Motor Skills Programme (MMSP), which adopts a normative functional approach and has been developed jointly by educational psychologists (EPs), specialist teachers and schools. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MMSP a quasi‐experimental repeated measures study was undertaken involving 24 children. The quasi‐experimental study yielded a medium effect size, which is a promising result for a naturalistic intervention. Methodological limitations and areas of future research are considered and identified.

Relatively little is known about the effect of adult interactive style on children's communication. The aim of this study, written by Lila Kossyvaki, Glenys Jones and Karen Guldberg, all from the University of Birmingham, was to explore the effects of adult interactive style on children's spontaneous communication. The study used an action research methodology. Six children aged between four and five years with autism and three members of staff participated. Each child was video recorded for a total of two hours across four activities. The staff, in collaboration with the researcher, developed and put into practice an Adult Interactive Style Intervention (AISI) intended to promote spontaneous communication. Two months later each child was recorded for two hours across the same activities with staff using AISI. Cohen's d effect size was calculated to measure the differences pre-and post-intervention. The increase in total initiations post-intervention for all six children was significant. The findings suggest that attention should be paid to adult style when developing communication in children with autism.

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